- (Greek, from Monos one, and Archo manage). Unique state, i.e., where one person, monarch manages the state. A dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. Greek monarchy. Monarchia, from Monos, one, and ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Monarchy (from Greek. Μον κρχία) One of the forms of monocracy of the single-heaters and the name of the state system, at the head of which is the monarch. From other forms of monocracy (dictatorship, presidential rule, party leadership) ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
Monarchy - (from gr. Monarchia unintelligence; eng. Monarchy) The form of the board, in which, unlike the oligarchy and democracy, the Supreme State of the Power focuses in the hands of the sole chapter of the state ... Encyclopedia Rights
- (MONARCHIA MONARCHIA) Form of the Board, in which the head of state is the monarch. In the modern world, two historical types of M. Absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy are preserved. The latter exists in two species that differ ... Legal vocabulary
The form of the board, in which the Supreme State Power belongs to the monarch (king, prince, Sultan, Shah, Emir) and is inherited. The monarchy can be absolute when the power of the monarch is almost not limited (Brunei, Bahrain, Qatar, ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia
Monarchy, monarchy, wives. (Greek. Monarchia Unintelligence) (Book, Polit.). The most despotic, dominant in the era of feudalism, the form of state rule, in which the supreme power belongs to one person, the monarch; Uniform ... ... ... Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov
- (Greek. MONARCHIA - one-sized) is one of the forms of state rule. The essential characteristic of the monarchy is a concentration, concentration in the hands of one person - the monarch - the supreme power, which is inherited. Distinguish ... ... Political science. Vocabulary.
Monarchy - Monarchy ♦ Monarchie The power of one person, but subordinate to the laws (in contrast to despotism, which does not recognize any norms and rules). When these laws themselves depend on the will of the monarch (hereinafter referred to as autocrat), we are talking about absolute ... ... Philosophical Dictionary Sponville
Wives. Breeding, where the supreme power in the hands of one person, the believance of the monarchical, one or the self. | The state is monarchical. Russian monarchy. Monarch husband. Unique sovereign or autocrat. Monarchine wives. self-container; Spouse ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Daly
Absolutism, despotus, autocracy, kingdom, monocracy dictionary of Russian synonyms. Monarchy Sostor., Number of synonyms: 5 Absolutism (7) ... Synonym dictionary
Monarchy, the state whose head is the monarch (for example, the king, the king, Shah, Emir, Kaiser), receiving power, as a rule, in the order of inheritance. There are unlimited (absolute) monarchy and limited (so-called ... ... Modern encyclopedia
Books
- Monarchy or Republic? Imperial letters to the neighbor, Smolin Mikhail Borisovich. Mikhail Smolina "Monarchy or Republic?" Consists of texts based on the transmission of the White Word, which the author led on the Tsargrad TV channel. At the heart of the book - answers to ...
- State of honor. Monarchy - the future of Russia, Shafran Anna. Since the most pressing, mankind is looking for a response to the question: what form of government is closest to the ideal? Winston Churchill expressed his thought according to which the best government device than ...
The British royal family may be the most famous, but far from the only one. In fact, there are 43 countries where the monarchy exists. Yes, 43 different countries that manage 28 royal families (some are under the authority of one monarch).
Today we have gathered the gallery of royal families around the world. What are you waiting for? Wear a fake crown, prepare your tea and start reading!
United Kingdom: Queen Elizabeth II
Image source: GETTI / Samir HusseinLong live the queen! The Queen of Elizabeth II became the longest monarch in the United Kingdom since 1952. In addition, the Queen is a monarch of the Commonwealth from 15 countries - Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda , Belize, Saint Kits and Nevis.
Monarch in the UK is the head of state, but the ability to create laws still belongs to the election parliament.
Because they are the most outstanding royal family, you may already know that the Queen Elizabeth II four children with her husband Prince Philipp, 8 grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.
Saudi Arabia: King Salman
The head of Saudi Arabia is the King Salman Ben Abdel Aziz Al Saud. Since Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, Salman is not only a monarch of the country, but also the Prime Minister. Salman became king in 2013 at the age of 79, after his consolidated brother King Abdullah (who was 90 years old) died. According to Washington postAlthough Saudi Arabia is currently managed by the hereditary king, all future kings will be chosen by the Saudi Princes Committee, founded in 2006.
Kuwait: Emir Sheikh Sabah Izh Al-Ahmad al-Sabach
Image source: GETTI / Pool Sabah Ahmed As-Sabah has been engaged in Kuwait politics for many years. He was the Prime Minister in 2003, and in 2006 he became an emir (or king) of the country. Although Sabah manages the country for more than ten years, in fact he was not next in line on the throne. He took this position, because the heir was not able to fulfill the oath due to health problems. Currently, he is the head of the royal family and the commander of Kuwaiti armed forces. Sabah has four children and he is 88 years now.
Liechtenstein: Prince Hans Adam II
Image source: GETTI / Sean Gallup As the eldest son of Prince Joseph II and Princess Gina, Prince Hans-Adam II inherited Trone Liechtenstein after his father's death in 1989. Surprisingly, Prince Hans Adam - the first prince of Liechtenstein actually rose in Liechtenstein, and he is the 15th ruler of the country.
The prince is married on the Countess Marie Kinski from Sniczing and Tettau, and the couple has four children, three sons and one daughter. Their senior, the hereditary prince of Alois, was already named as the successor of his father, when he would die.
Although Prince Hans-Adam rules a small country, he is the richest prince in Europe, according to ForbesHis condition was estimated at $ 3.5 billion in 2011.
Qatar: Emir Tamim Bin Hamad Al Tanya
Sheikh Tamim Ben Hamad Al Tanya was named Emir Qatar in 2013 after his father renounced the throne after the 18-year-old government.
The Al Tanya family is part of the rulers' dynasty in Qatar, ruling since 1825, and many other family members occupy key posts in the government of the country, facilitating the role of Tamim as an Emir.
United Arab Emirates: President Sheikh Khalifa Ben Zaid Al-Najian, Emir Abu Dhabi
Image source: GETTI / WP Pool The United Arab Emirates consist of seven districts, each of which is managed by an offacarious monarch, known as Emir. Emir Abu Dhabi is the President of the Federation, and, consequently, the monarch to which other districts obey. The current Emir of Abu Dhabi (and the President of the United Arab Emirates) is Calipa Ben Zayid Al Najiani, who took office in 2004 after the death of his father. He has eight children, which means that the throne (and the presidency) should remain in the family for many years.
Netherlands: King Villem-Alexander
In 2013, King Villem-Alexander (left) replaced his mother, Queen Beatrix, as a monarch of the Netherlands, when she decided to renounce the throne. Because Holland has a bipotable parliament, he does not manage directly, but he has the power of the President of the State Council.
King Villem-Alexander is married to Queen Maxima, and they have three children, Princess Catharina-Amalia, Princess Alexy and Princess Ariana.
According to dutch newsThe royal family costs taxpayers about 40 million euros per year, not including security, which makes the Dutch monarchy of one of the most expensive in Europe.
Swaziland: King Msvati III
Image source: GETTI / BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI Swaziland may not be a big country, but the King of MSUTI III has a lot of power. MSUTI took the throne at the age of 18 (in 1983) after the death of his father. Being the King of Swaziland, he appoints a parliament, although some of his members are elected by popular voting. MSUTI, who is now 49 years old, is known for having many wives: on the 14th he married in September 2017, according to Africa news.
According to reports, the king divorced three wives throughout his time as a monarch and has more than 30 children.
Brunei: Sultan Sir Muda Hassanal Bolkiy Mizazadin Vaddaula
Image source: GETTI / Suhaimi Abdullah Sultan Brunei is known as Hassanal Bolkhah - despite the fact that his name is much longer than that. He assumed a small country in 1967 and since then was the monarch and head of government. In 2016, Hassanal Bolkheakh is considered the richest monarch in the world, and he has a big, expensive collection of cars to prove it. According to the publication, its Majesty earns almost $ 100 per second from oil revenues (and other investments), which is about $ 2 billion a year, which constitutes a total amount of about 20 billion dollars.
Sultan has 13 children (from many different wives) to divide this wealth.
Sweden: King Karl XVI Gustav
Image Source: Ghetty / Patrick Wang Kauta King Carl XVI Gustav went to the throne in 1973, when he was only 27 years old. His board was described in 2010, when a book was issued, which argued that the king had a novel with the Swedish Nigerian singer and participated in the underground nightclub-jacuzzi in the 1990s.
Despite the scandal, the king still remains the head of Sweden and married to the Queen of Sylvia (since 1976). Together they have three children. The eldest is the Crown Princess Victoria, which will take the throne when her father decides to resign or, more likely when he dies. King also has two other children - Princess Madeleine and Prince Karl Philipp.
Kronz-Princess Victoria has two own children - Princess Estel (5 years old) and Prince Oscar (1 year old) with her husband Prince Daniel Westling.
Oman: Sultan Cabus Ben Said
Image source: GETTI / - In 1970, Sultan Kabus Bin Said came to power after the overthrow of his father, who was known as the "rejection". Sultan Cabs - the longest ruling Arabic leader, and yet after an unsuccessful marriage he has no direct heirs, which is very interesting. Despite its bachelor's status, Sultan Cabus is a real father of his country, he has improved the economy and the standard of living of people throughout its entire board.
It rarely appears in public these days, but he still holds all the important titles in the Oman government, being the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Defense, Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Central Bank.
Bahrain: King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa
Image source: GETTI / Mandel Ngan King Hamad Ben Isa Al Khalifa was named Emir Bahrain in 1999, when his father, Isa Ben Salman Al Khalifa, died. In 2002, Hamad declared himself a monarch, becoming the first king of Bahrain in the history of the country. His family, however, rules the country since 1783 and has always had a lot of power.
King Hamad has 12 children from several wives.
Vatican: Pope Francis
Image source: GETTI / Franco Origlia We know what you think: this is Pope, he is a religious leader and the head of the Roman Catholic Church. And you will be right. But Dad Francis is also considered a monarch of the Vatican, which is the European city-state.
The Vatican State is an absolute monarchy, and Dad is his chapter (king, technically). It has a full legislative, executive and judiciary. When Dad is dying, and the other is not named, the country is controlled by the Cardinal College, which ultimately calls the following dad / king / ruler in a single face.
Jordan: King Abdullah II
In Jordan, the King Abdullah II since 1999, when he climbed the throne after his father's death, King Hussein. The King Abdullah is married to the Queen of the Rania of Jordanian, and their elder child (one of four), the son named Hussein, the Crown Prince of Jordan, is going to take the throne when his father leaves him.
The King Abdullah and his relatives argue that they are direct descendants of the Prophet Mohammed, which makes it the 41st descendant of the founder of the Islamic faith.
Morocco: King Mohammed VI
Image source: GETTI / Cristof Morne / IP3 In 1999, King Mohammed Vi climbed the throne after the death of his father King Hassan II. Mohammed is married to Princesse Lalale Salma, and they have two children - the son of the Crown Prince Mula Hassan and the daughter of Princess Lall Hadija. Official title Mohammed - "His Majesty King Mohammed Sixth, Lord of Orthodox, God forbid him victory."
Monaco: Prince Albert II
Image source: GETTI / Pascal Le Segretain Prince Alber II rules in Monaco since 2005. He is the son of Prince Rainier III and Princess Grace (actress Grace Kelly). He married Charlin Whittstock and gave birth to her two children - the twins Princess Gabriella Teresu Marie and Prince Jacques Onor Rainier. Prince Albert has two more children with two other women.
Monaco is a sovereign principality, but it also has a selected legislative body. Prince Albert, however, appoints a state minister and has some political power.
Thailand: King Mach Vajiralongcorn
Image source: GETTI / AFP At the age of 64, the Maha King Vajiralongcorn Bodrudejädjarangkun (do not break the language!) I became the 10th Monarch of the Chakry Dynasty. According to the BBC, it is also known as Rama H. \u200b\u200bKing Vajiralongcorn became the ruler of Thailand after his father, King Bhumball Aduvuls, died in 2016. He was the longest ruling monarch in the world. He ruled the country for seven decades since 1946 and ending 2016. Even the queen of Elizabeth II did not survive him. But she was still in the right mind and quite healthy.
Tonga: King Stupid VI
Image Source: GETTI / Edwina Sickle / Fairfax Media The king of Tonga was not the son of his predecessor. Stupid VI was the brother of the late King George Tupid V, who did not have legal heirs when he died in 2012. The King Stupid VI is actually married to Nanasipau Tukuaho and has three children, so that his legacy will continue.
Norway: King Harald V
Image Source: Ghetty / Patrick Wang Kauta King Harald V is the third child of King Olaf V and Queen Marta, but he climbed the throne when his father died in 1991, because he was the only heir. Although he had two senior sisters, they, in accordance with the Norwegian Constitution of 1814, could not be heirs because of their gender. Only in 1990 (once Harald V was already named the successor) the Constitution was changed to make a senior child, regardless of the floor following the turn on the throne.
Since King Harald V and his wife, Queen Sonya, had his children before entering into force the change of the Constitution, their eldest, the daughter of the Princess Martha, which was born in 1971, could not be the next monarch. Instead, her younger brother, Crown Prince Haacon, born in 1973, the next in line, followed by his firstborn, who is a girl (Hurray!). Prince Haakona has three children (one adopted), two boys and one girl with his wife Princess Merit.
The best in the Norwegian royal family is that she is rooted in love. Back in the 60s, the current king refused to marry the princess and married the daughter of the clothing merchant - commonly across. According to the official site of Norway, the current king and queen secretly met for nine years before they were allowed to get married, and the rest-history!
Bhutan: King Dzhigme Kzezar Namgyal Wangchuk
Image Source: Getti / Raveendran In Bhutan, King Jigme Jesar Namgiel Wangchuk is known as Druk Gyalpo, which means "the King of Dragons", which is quite cool. He was officially crowned in 2008 after making most of the royal duties in 2006, when his father was renounced by the throne. The king of Jigme was only 26 years old, when he came to power, but his father was only 16 years old when he became king, so young blood is a kind of trend in the royal family of Bhutan.
King Dzhigme Father made Bhutan constitutional monarchy, and today's king followed his footsteps, keeping the world and taking advantage of the love of the inhabitants of their country.
The king, however, caused a big stir, when he married a common hat in 2011. But after he officially tied himself to a marriage with Jetsun, the people in the end, approved. Together with a happy couple there is one son, Jigme Namgiel Wangchuk, who was born in February 2016 and is now the heir to the throne.
Lesotho: King Letnis III
Image source: GETTI / Chris Jackson King Letsa III was in power formally since 1996 (and informally since 1990). Although he has no political power, but is the official face of Lesotho, it is described as a "living symbol of national unity."
Belgium: King Philip
Image Source: Ghetty / Patrick Wang Kauta The king of Philip climbed to the Belgian throne in July 2013 after the renunciation of his father, King Albert II. The king is married to Queen Matilde (they got married in 1999), and they have four children: Princess Elizabeth, Prince Gabriel, Prince Emmanuel and Princess Eleanor.
In 1991, the Constitution was changed to allow a woman to climb the throne, which means that the heir of the Belgian monarchy is the eldest daughter of Princess Elizabeth.
Malaysia: Mohammed V
Image source: GETTI / Manan Watsyana In 2016, Sultan Muhammad V became the 15th king and got the name Jan di Perratuan Agong, which means: "The one who became the Lord."
The predecessor of Muhammad, Sultan Abdul Halim Mu Adzam Shah, is the king twice. Once in the 1970s and again from 2011 to 2016. The Board of Sultan is likely to last five years, which is the norm for any Malaysian king (which is always part of the elected monarchist system), and its role, rather, ceremonial.
Spain: King Felipe VI
Image source: GETTI / Carlos Alvarez In 2014, King Juan Carlos surprised his country, renounced the throne after 39 years of service. He called his son Felipe with the new King of Spain, and less than three weeks later Felipe VI became the monarch and head of the Spanish army.
King Juan Carlos is currently married to the Queen of Leticia, and together they have two daughters: Leonor, Princess Asturiaskaya, which is the heiress of the throne (11 years old) and her younger sister, Princess Sofia (now 10 years old).
Cambodia: King Nodod Siamoni
Image source: GETTI / AFP Cambodia is one of many countries with the ceremonial king. King Nodod Sichameni took part in 2004 after the Royal Trone Tama Thailand chose him (which is customary with any new king).
He, probably, an unconventional choice, because he was a professional dancer who lived most of his life in France, but he won the case.
Luxembourg: Great Duke Henri
Image source: GETTI / Max Mamba / Indigo In the 1800s, the King of the Netherlands established, the Great Duchy of Luxembourg, and in 1839 people received their independence. In 1890, Luxembourg became a great duchy, and therefore their monarchy is headed by the duke, and not the king.
Since then, the direct descendants of the first duke of Adolf ruled Luxembourg. The last ruler is the Grand Duke of Henri, who climbed the throne in 2000, and since he has five children, the heritage will continue after him. The Grand Principality may have a sovereign, but his power is in the hands of the nation. The Great Duke of Henri should rule "the sovereign reigns, but not rules."
Japan: Akihito Emperor
Image source: GETTI / MIN HOANG Japan's dynasty Yamato dates back to 660 and its current ruler is the Emperor Akihito. He reigned since 1989 and will be the first ruler of Japan over the past two centuries, which will be allowed to renounce the throne in December 2018 (to achieve its 85th anniversary).
Akihito will give the throne to his older son, the heated Prince of Nickito.
Denmark: Queen Margret II
At present, monarchies (we are talking about constitutional formations of the Board) exist in many European countries, including the most developed of them. For example, in all Scandinavian countries there are reigning rulers: in Sweden - Karl XVI Gustav, in Norway - Harald V, in Denmark - Queen Margarita II. One of the highest levels of life is in Luxembourg, which, in general, also in the form of the Board of the constitutional monarchy. In Luxembourg, GDP per capita exceeds 100,000 dollars. In addition to these countries, the monarchy is also preserved in Spain, Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands and some dwarf states - Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco. It is interesting that another new monarch appeared not so long ago - this is the newly elected president of France Emmanuel Macron. This happened because by the time of the era of the Middle Ages, the French ruler receives the title of Prince-co-co-co-co-co-co-associate of the Andorra, which Macron became.
Evolution of European monarchy
Monarchies began to massively disappear in Europe in the XX century. If we look at Europe on the beginning of the last century, we will see that almost all countries of that time had the monarchical form of government - only the French Republic was the exception (at that time, the fifth republic is currently in France). Back in the XIX century, they were disputes about what the French are monarchists or Republicans. These views changed along with the form of the Board in France: after the plebiscite proclaimed the emperor Napoleon, after him there was a restoration and a short resumption of the board of the bourbon dynasty, which survived another revolution.
In 1848, the republic was again restored in France, but Napoleon's nephew chosen president decided to return the imperial power to his family. However, the defeat in the Franco-Prussian war and other problems led to the next change of the state system in favor of the republic. Currently, the external symbols of the French Republic are purely revolutionary: banner, Marselyza, Marianna. Although the form of Guardsmen Napoleonskaya. This is quite an important difference. The descendants of Napoleon are alive in France and this, at least some of them adhere to socialist views.
Queen Elizabeth II and Prime Ministers of the Commonwealth of Nations, May 1960
// wikipedia.org.
The most famous of modern monarchies, of course, British. In England, talking about the fact that the monarchy should be abolished and introduce the republic. But the British enjoy the monarchy, this is a kind of symbol of the country. Residents of the republics in this sense may be difficult to understand those who live in the kingdoms: they do not understand why the monarchy needs generally. Indeed, the presence of constitutional monarchies in the modern world, in modern Europe it seems something almost absurd: the king, for example, in Sweden is absolutely no power, but all the honor and respect him, despite the fact that he suffers from dyslexia.
King and Law
Modern monarchs also violate the existing traditions at the conclusion of marriages. Say, the current King of Norway, Harald V, did not look for a bride among the principals of royal blood. Being still the Crown Prince, he fell in love with Sonya Haraldsen, with whom he secretly met for nine years. Sonya came from a rich family, engaged in design, but according to the laws of Harald could not marry her. When he threatened to refuse the throne for the sake of marriage on it, the Government of Norway decided to revise the Law on the Preconsection. As a result, Harald married his chief in 1968. The Swedish king of Karl Xvi Gustav, who made his Queen Silvia Zommerlat of German-Brazilian origin, was followed.
With the Swedish royal family, another legal precedent is connected: Queen Sylvia first gave birth to a daughter Victoria, and Prince Karl Philipp appeared on the second. According to the then Swedish law, Karl Philip must have the primary right to the throne. But since first the Criminal Princess was proclaimed by Victoria, after the birth of the prince, a serious debate was launched on whether the title of the heir to the newborn boy or leave him for Victoria. We won a more liberal point of view, so now Victoria is the first in line at the Swedish throne (by the way, in 2010 she married her fitness coach).
King of Sweden Karl XVI Gustav and Queen Sylvia at the celebration in honor of 40 years from the day of coronation, September 15, 2013
// wikipedia.org.
Now visits of kings and members of their families to other countries, including Russia, is an important reason to strengthen international relations, especially in business. For many businessmen and representatives of companies, meetings at the level of state heads, which formally are the kings of Sweden, Norway and Queen Denmark.
Norway is a more democratic country, its inhabitants are infrequently remembered to the king, and even the heir to the throne of Hokon during his studies in the naval school did not particularly advertise his origin, lived among the rest of the students, and they did not recognize him, until the rumor was about that he is from the royal family. After graduating from studying in Berkeley, he also wanted to abandon the throne, besides, he had all the data for a good start in ordinary life: education, capital, the opportunity to get a good job. In the modern world, the mass of formalities gagging the life of royal families seems to be something completely unnecessary, and at the same time they do not give real powers. Naturally, sometimes the temptation is greatly abandoned. However, the prince persuaded not to leave the throne: all the same debt in front of the homeland. Nevertheless, he, like his "colleagues," married the girl of non-Corolev blood, whose biography was also the subject of broad discussions: By the time of the engagement, she managed to give birth to a child whose father was sitting in prison for the distribution of drugs, and herself She confessed in their use. Nevertheless, after the deliberation, the government agreed to this marriage, but her son did not receive the noble title.
Lifestyle monarchs
The royal family is not completely, but only partially, as a rule, is contained at the expense of the state budget. There is, of course, the so-called civilian sheet is the amount allocated from the budget for the content of the monarch, his family, at home, yard, as well as expenses for art and charity. Sometimes this amount can be quite large. In the UK in 2012, the civilian sheet was canceled and replaced by the royal grant, which is now approved annually. This is due to the fact that in England the sum of the civilian sheet is usually approved for the entire period of the monarch rule, but over the past decades the pound sterling has noticeably depreciated.
Buckingham Palace, the official residence of British monarchs
// wikipedia.org.
In Sweden, the size of the civilian sheet approves Rixdag. But in addition, the king has, for example, his farm. And the most common type of business for royal families is the operation of own title and the image of the royal family. In large numbers, postcards, books, brochures, all kinds of souvenir products, which eventually brings to families a weighty income. Editions of newborns in the royal family go out almost every year - the whole country can follow the adulthilence of the heir. The royal family usually has a photographer who has the right to arrange a photo shoot for such souvenir editions. This kind of products are usually very popular with tourists and, in general, it works to maintain the image of the monarchy.
The symbolism of the monarchy is reflected in many state signs, in particular on public money. The rulers themselves take part in this: for example, in Denmark on coins, the Queen of Margret II was traditionally depicted, and when the question arose to make her image more relevant, to display age-related changes, she spoke herself in favor of this.
At the same Danish queen's spouse - the Frenchman of Nekorolev origin, so the title is only the Prince Consort. At the same time, no queen, and the prince-consort there is no real power. They can participate in the opening of the meeting of the parliament, formally approve the composition of the government - the queen is formally formally the head of the executive. These are all the characters of royal power. And even the left-wing parties are not so actively advocated the introduction of the republic - the image of the monarchy is so accustomed and important.
Queen of Denmark Margrete II and Prince Consort Henrik Danish in Stockholm, at the Swedish Princess Victoria Wedding, 2010
// wikipedia.org.
Monarchy during World War II
During World War II, when Denmark and Norway were occupied by the Germans, the Norwegian king managed to emigrate to England. Nevertheless, he was considered the commander-in-chief armed forces of Norway, who resisted the Germans, and said that the struggle did not stop while there was at least one occupant on the territory of Norway. His wife and son were in Sweden at that moment, and Norway actually surrendered to the Germans in June 1940. The Germans planned to declare a four-year prince with the ruler and appoint regents, so it was necessary to take out the Norwegian royal family from Sweden. It was done with the help of special services through the Finnish territory, adjacent to the ocean. Then they were crushed into America.
The royal family and the little prince became a symbol of resistance, he was even enrolled in the Norwegian air force, which were based in Canada. Everywhere spread photos of a small boy in military uniform. Danish king was under house arrest in Copenhagen. Nevertheless, he made various symbolic actions: drove on horseback, walked without guard. There were often crowd around him - it was such a sign of the Danish resistance to the soft at first German occupation. After the war in Northern Europe, no republican sentiments had already been particularly. Now the royal families in these countries are an important character.
From absolute to constitutional monarchy: example of Sweden
The transition from absolute monarchies to constitutional occurred gradually. In England, this happened at the beginning of the XVIII century, and before that, as you know, there was. In Sweden, starting from the XVI century, the rules of the Vase dynasty (before that, the country was under the control of Denmark), and from that moment they count their new history. They had the so-called mixed monarchy: there was a king, there was an aristocracy, there was a parliament - Rixdag. And each was considered a source of power, therefore there was a constant struggle between them. Moreover, Rixdag included four estates: nobility, clergy, burgherry and peasants, which was not in other countries. Therefore, the internal political history of Sweden for a long time was similar to the dragging of the rope: for example, in 1632, the king died, the queen remained his six-year-old daughter of Christina, in which the regentic council was created, the aristocrats began to empty the treasury, unsubscribe ownership and so on. However, when the queen matured and reached the age of majority, they had to stop. Christina was a strong government, very educated, but soon she was tired of power and in 1654 renounced the throne, testifying to his spouse Carlo Gustav Pafaltsky. After him, the royal power and absolutism successfully developed Karl XI, and then Karl XII, well known in Russia thanks.
Karl XII, King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718
// wikipedia.org.
It is noteworthy that in Denmark and Sweden at that moment was the so-called constitutional absolutism, no matter how controversial it sounds. The laws were spelled out that all power belongs to the king. Karl XII was already an absolute monarch, although it retained Rixdag, but the State Council became Royal with deliberative functions. But, as we know, Karl XII dedicated himself to foreign policy and wars and therefore did not leave the heirs. Moreover, having left Stockholm in 1700, he did not return there anywhere. His military campaigns strongly staged the financial condition of the country. In addition, the Swedish noblewomen was not trite for whom was to marry: all young knowing went to fight with the king, many died. Many had to marry the commoner and lose their noble status.
Karl XII died during a hike to Norway. His death has long been the subject of disputes and all sorts of conspiracy theories: did his enemies or their own who are tired of fighting, or at all angles? As a result, after his death, two sisters were left, one of which, Ulric Eleanor, the wife of the Hessian Prince, became the queen. But it was forced to sign a lot of conditions, as a result of which she practically lost power.
This period associated with the increase in civil rights has lasts until 1772 and received the name "Era of Freedom". In 1772, King Gustavi III made a coup and restored absolutism for a while, becoming one of the enlightened rulers of Europe. It is noteworthy that he communicated quite a lot and corresponded with Catherine II (not so long ago they made their full correspondence - in French, naturally, the language; it is curious that they discussed them mostly not a policy, but raising children and other everyday issues). But in 1792 he was killed in Opera. The throne took His Son, Gustav IV, which was overthrown in 1809. His uncle, Brother Gustav III, the Duke of Karl Södermanland, who entered the story under the name of Karl XIII. But he was already aged and had no legitimate heirs. His Board had to be era of Napoleonic Wars. Everything that happened to the fact that Napoleonic Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadot came to power, which founded a new dynasty ruling in Sweden to this day. The descendants of Jean-Batista in the last quarter of the XIX century conducted a number of reforms that contributed to the expansion of Rixdag authority, as a result of which Sweden finally became a constitutional monarchy.
Modern European monarchies are, perhaps, one of the most discussed topics relating to Europe. Someone is rejoicing the preserved traditions of management and, accordingly, stands the mountain behind the monarchy in the EU, and someone is extremely unhappy and calls the reigning surnames by Botaforia and nothing else. And the second is largely right: the monarchs were forgotten about their responsibilities.
Alexander Sunnas: Monarch - as conductor
There are still disputes in society about the situation of the so-called the reigning monarch of Europe. Some argue that the European monarchs of our time have no real power, being figures with decorative and personifying only a symbol of national traditions and former majesty; Others believe that the monarchs are not overwhelmed for good goals.
Number or quality?
There are more than 230 states in the world. Of these, only 41 countries have a monarchical form of government. Today, monarchy is a very flexible and long-graded system, ranging from a birthday shape acting in Arab states to a monarchical version of the democratic countries of Europe. Europa ranks second in the world in the number of monarchical states. There are 12 monarchies here. The monarchy here is presented in a limited form - in countries that are considered leaders in the EU (United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, etc.), as well as the absolute form of government - in small states: Monaco, Liechtenstein, Vatican. Quality of life in these countries is different. Also different the influence of monarchs on the management of the country.
Monarchy: good or evil?
Monarchy is not only a form of government, this is a combination of certain ideas of state, spiritual and social order. Monarchy is characteristic of the principles of uniance, hereditary power and the championship of moral principle. In Orthodoxy, the monarch was perceived as a man sent by God to serve their people. This can be added that the monarchy is a universal form of a nation organization, which, in fact, can coexist with most modern socio-economic and socio-political models. But for decades, the liberals and socialists are planned to be the idea that the monarchy is a susceptible and outdated form of government, which must change the republican, more perfect form.
Different considerations are expressed in proof of this. First, many states of the world have already abandoned the monarchy or retain it by inertia. The monarchs in such countries are only a "beautiful tradition," without playing any significant role in the internal and foreign policy of their states. Secondly, the proof of the "regression" of the monarchy is the fact that after its fall there was no attempt to return to it. These theories have many adherents. But it is impossible to unambiguously say that the monarchy is evil, since many European monarchies occupy a leading position in the world.
Moral component of modern monarchs
Some experts, discussing the benefits and harm of the monarchy, lead as an example England, Spain, Sweden and Norway. These countries have retained a normal monarchical regime, and the monarchs are not only symbolic figures in them, really driving the state. Supporters of the fact that in these countries the monarchs have real authority, refer to the basic laws of states, according to which the monarchs have serious authority. So, for example, the Queen of Great Britain appoints the government, has the right to dissolve the parliament, not a single bill who has been accepted by Parliament is not considered valid without signing a monarch. Their opponents claim that all these provisions are no more than formality, since the authorities actually is in the hands of the party oligarchy. Monarchs should be in the people high morality and being authoritations in society.
Do the modern monarchs of Western Europe answer the requirements of a moral ideal? In most cases, this question (excluding Luxembourg and Liechtenstein) should be confidently answered - no. Moreover, the monarchies not only do not meet the moral values \u200b\u200bin the consciousness of the people, but even indulge in the propaganda of confusion. In these monarchical states, Sodomy is thriving, debauchery, the nation is degenerate, the authority of the church reached the lowest level.
So, for example, in the UK, the Gay parades have been held in the UK for 35 years old, often with the support of the government. Three years ago, about half a million people took part in the Gay parade in London, and followed by the course of the action about 800 thousand Londoners. Already traditionally, organized columns of employees of various British ministries, rescue services and trade unions are involved in the parade.
Such support of official structures is the best indicator of the relationship of the British to homosexuals. Politicians themselves today openly declare their unconventional orientation: Ben Bradschow, Minister of Culture, Sports and Media; Chris Bryant, Deputy Foreign Minister; Nick Herbert, "Shadow Minister" of the Environment. The Anglican Church is not in the best position. Her halls are actively leased, and not only for wedding events, but also for language courses, various sports or clubs in interest.
Modern European monarchies are, perhaps, one of the most discussed topics relating to Europe. Someone is rejoicing the preserved traditions of management and, accordingly, stands the mountain behind the monarchy in the EU, and someone is extremely unhappy and calls the reigning surnames by Botaforia and nothing else. And the second is largely right: the monarchs were forgotten about their responsibilities.
Alexander Sunnas: Monarch - as conductor
There are still disputes in society about the situation of the so-called the reigning monarch of Europe. Some argue that the European monarchs of our time have no real power, being figures with decorative and personifying only a symbol of national traditions and former majesty; Others believe that the monarchs are not overwhelmed for good goals.
Number or quality?
There are more than 230 states in the world. Of these, only 41 countries have a monarchical form of government. Today, monarchy is a very flexible and long-graded system, ranging from a birthday shape acting in Arab states to a monarchical version of the democratic countries of Europe. Europa ranks second in the world in the number of monarchical states. There are 12 monarchies here. The monarchy here is presented in a limited form - in countries that are considered leaders in the EU (United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, etc.), as well as the absolute form of government - in small states: Monaco, Liechtenstein, Vatican. Quality of life in these countries is different. Also different the influence of monarchs on the management of the country.
Monarchy: good or evil?
Monarchy is not only a form of government, this is a combination of certain ideas of state, spiritual and social order. Monarchy is characteristic of the principles of uniance, hereditary power and the championship of moral principle. In Orthodoxy, the monarch was perceived as a man sent by God to serve their people. This can be added that the monarchy is a universal form of a nation organization, which, in fact, can coexist with most modern socio-economic and socio-political models. But for decades, the liberals and socialists are planned to be the idea that the monarchy is a susceptible and outdated form of government, which must change the republican, more perfect form.
Different considerations are expressed in proof of this. First, many states of the world have already abandoned the monarchy or retain it by inertia. The monarchs in such countries are only a "beautiful tradition," without playing any significant role in the internal and foreign policy of their states. Secondly, the proof of the "regression" of the monarchy is the fact that after its fall there was no attempt to return to it. These theories have many adherents. But it is impossible to unambiguously say that the monarchy is evil, since many European monarchies occupy a leading position in the world.
Moral component of modern monarchs
Some experts, discussing the benefits and harm of the monarchy, lead as an example England, Spain, Sweden and Norway. These countries have retained a normal monarchical regime, and the monarchs are not only symbolic figures in them, really driving the state. Supporters of the fact that in these countries the monarchs have real authority, refer to the basic laws of states, according to which the monarchs have serious authority. So, for example, the Queen of Great Britain appoints the government, has the right to dissolve the parliament, not a single bill who has been accepted by Parliament is not considered valid without signing a monarch. Their opponents claim that all these provisions are no more than formality, since the authorities actually is in the hands of the party oligarchy. Monarchs should be in the people high morality and being authoritations in society.
Do the modern monarchs of Western Europe answer the requirements of a moral ideal? In most cases, this question (excluding Luxembourg and Liechtenstein) should be confidently answered - no. Moreover, the monarchies not only do not meet the moral values \u200b\u200bin the consciousness of the people, but even indulge in the propaganda of confusion. In these monarchical states, Sodomy is thriving, debauchery, the nation is degenerate, the authority of the church reached the lowest level.
So, for example, in the UK, the Gay parades have been held in the UK for 35 years old, often with the support of the government. Three years ago, about half a million people took part in the Gay parade in London, and followed by the course of the action about 800 thousand Londoners. Already traditionally, organized columns of employees of various British ministries, rescue services and trade unions are involved in the parade.
Such support of official structures is the best indicator of the relationship of the British to homosexuals. Politicians themselves today openly declare their unconventional orientation: Ben Bradschow, Minister of Culture, Sports and Media; Chris Bryant, Deputy Foreign Minister; Nick Herbert, "Shadow Minister" of the Environment. The Anglican Church is not in the best position. Her halls are actively leased, and not only for wedding events, but also for language courses, various sports or clubs in interest.
