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Egyptian Sphinx
The oldest images of Gollywolva were found in the excavations of Göbekley-Tepe and dating 10 thousand to n. e.
The statues of the sphinxes became the attribute of ancient Egyptian art during the ancient kingdom, the earliest depicts, probably, Queen Hietepheres II. One of the largest monolithic statues of the world is the sculpture of Sphinx (large Sphinx), which protects the Pharaoh's Pyramids in Giza.
There were three common options for Sphinxes:
- The classic version of the Egyptian sphinx was androsphinx With a person's face, as a rule, a high-ranking person - for example, Pharaoh.
- Temples of God Choir adorned sphinxes with falcon's head - hieraacosphinces
- Near the temples of Amon were installed sphinxes with a muzzle of the Baran - cryosphinches.
The winged stitcher was sent to the beads of the goddess Hero for the crime of the FVAN king, in relation to the Churchippa. She settled the travelers, asked them the helica puzzles and killed everyone who could not guess them. Hera lowered her on the hair. Having learned the riddle of the muses, Sphing sat down at the Fikeh Mountain and began to ask her to Favans.
There is a version that she was a side daughter of Laya, and he told her the secret of saying the Delphian God, given Cadmu. There were many sons from the concubine, and they all could not answer the question and gibbles.
In another interpretation, she was a marine robbery wandering around the seas with the army and fleet, capturing the mountain, she was engaged, until the Oedip with the army from Corinth won it. According to one more interpretation, this is Amazon, the first wife of Cadma, strengthened on Mount Fikion and began to fight with cadm.
The acting face of the Satyrovsky drama of the Sphinx, the plays of the unknown author "Sphinx", Comedy Epharma Sphinx.
India
Sphinx in the art of classicism
The images of the Sphinx are abounding in the art of classicism since the interiors of Robert Adam and ending with the empty furniture of the era of romantic "Egyptomania".
The sphinxes of the steel were an attribute of neoclassical decoration, and the return to the simplified early version, more similar to the painting of grotesque, occurred. Masons considered them a symbol of mysteries and used them in their architecture, considering as the guards of the gates of the temple. In the Masonic architecture, the Sphinx is a frequent detail of the decor, for example, even in the image of the image of his head on the blank of documents.
It was during this period that St. Petersburg decorated with numerous images of the Sphinx (see, for example, the Egyptian bridge). In 1832, pair sphinxes transported from Egypt were installed on the Embankment Neva before the Academy of Arts. The same motive was used when designing a monument to victims of political repression.
From 1800 in St. Petersburg under the leadership of A. F. Labzin, the Masonic Lodge "Dying Sphinx" was operating. In the US, the sphinxes still establish at the entrance to the halls of the Masonic meetings as the personification of the mystery and the call for silence.
see also
- Humiela - ancient sculptural image of an animal.
- In honor of the Sphinx named asteroid (896) Sphinx (eng.)russianopened in 1918.
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Excerpt characterizing Sphinx
To ask your incessant hail questions and a manner at once in two, she strongly reminded me of Stella. And I laughed at heart ...- No, Maya, we, of course, do not live here. It was you very brave that they themselves came here. You need a very big courage to commit such ... You are real well done! But now you have to go back there, where did you come from here, you do not have more reasons to stay here.
- And my mother with dad "at all" died? .. And we will not see them anymore ... True?
Puffy Mayaine sponge threw up, and the first large tear appeared on the brush ... I knew that if it was not to stop it now - there would be a lot of tears ... And in our present "communal" state, it was impossible to admit it ...
- But you are alive, though?! Therefore, you want this or not, but you will have to live. I think that mother and dad would be very happy if they found out that everything is fine with you. After all, they loved you very much ... "As I could, I said.
- How did you know that? - Baby stared at me in surprise.
- Well, they accomplished a very heavy act by saving you. Therefore, I think only loves someone very much, you can make such a thing ...
- And where will we go now? We will go with you? .. - Questionfully looking at me with his huge gray glazes, asked Maya.
"Here Arno would like to pick you up with me." What do you think of it? He is also not sweet, too ... and many more and many have to get bored to survive. So you will help each other ... So, I think it will be very correct.
Stella finally came to himself, and immediately "rushed into the attack":
"What happened that this monster got you, Arno?" Do you remember anything? ..
- No ... I only remember the light. And then a very bright meadow, filled with the sun ... But it was no longer the earth - it was something wonderful and completely transparent ... there is no such thing on earth. But then everything disappeared, but I woke up "I'm already here and now.
- And what if I try to "see" through you? - Suddenly a completely wild thought came to my head.
- How - through me? - surprised Arno.
- Oh, and right! - immediately exclaimed Stella. - How did I do not think?!
"Well, sometimes you see, and something comes to me ..." I laughed. - not always only you invent!
I tried to "engage" in his thoughts - nothing happened ... I tried to "remember" the moment with him, when he "leaving" ...
- Oh, what's the horror !!! - Skaking Stella. - Look, this is when they captured it !!!
I stopped my breath ... the picture we saw was and the truth is not pleasant! It was a moment when Arno just died, and his essence began to rise through the blue canal up. And right behind him ... besides the channel, three completely nightmarish creatures were drunk! .. Two of them were certainly the Lower Earth Entities, but the third one clearly seemed some other, very terrible and alien, obviously not earthly ... And all these creatures were very purposefully chased by a person, apparently trying to get it for some reason ... And he, the poor thing, without even suspecting that he was so "cute" hunt, Paril in silver-blue, light silence, enjoying unusually deep , unearthly rest, and, greedily absorbing this rest, rested the soul, forgetting for a moment the wild, destroyed earth pain, "thanks" to which he landed in this transparent, unfamiliar world ...
At the end of the channel, already at the entrance to the "floor", two mandes lightningly jarled behind Arno in the same channel and unexpectedly merged into one, and then this "one" quickly flowed in the main, the most nasty, who was probably the strongest of them. And he attacked ... Or rather, it was suddenly completely flat, "rolling" almost to a transparent haze, and "I wondered" anything unaware of Arno, completely stolen his essence, depriving him of the former "I" and in general any "presence" ... And after, terribly laughing, immediately widths already captured the essence of poor Arno (just the ripe beauty approaching the upper floor) straight into the lower astral ....
"I don't understand ..." Stella whispered. - How did they capture him, he seems so strong? .. And well, let's see what happened even earlier?
We again tried to watch through the memory of our new acquaintance ... And immediately understood why he was such a light target for capturing ...
For clothes and surroundings, it looked as if about a hundred years ago. He stood in the middle of a huge room, where he lay on the floor, completely naked, two female bodies ... Rather, it was a woman and a girl who could be from the strength of fifteen years. Both bodies were scary beaten, and apparently, brutally raped brutally before death. On the poor Arno "there was no facial" ... he stood like a dead man, not moving, and perhaps not even understanding where at that moment was, as shock was too cruel. If we were correctly understood - it was his wife and daughter, over which someone is very brutally inadequate ... Although, to say, it would be wrong to say "in brutal", because no beast does not make what it is capable sometimes human...
Suddenly Arno shouted, as the wounded animal, and fell on the ground, next to the scary worried body of his wife (?) ... In it, as during a storm, wild vortices raged emotions - anger replaced hopelessness, rage caught a longing, after disturbing Inhuman pain, from which there was no salvation ... He rode the floor with his cries, not finding his grief ... until finally, to our horror, completely sat down, no longer stirred ...
Well, naturally, opened such a rude emotional "squall", and he dreamed with him, he began at that moment the ideal "target" for capturing any, even the most weak "black" creatures, not to mention those who later suffered so hard Behind him to use his powerful energy body, as a simple energy "costume" ... to be left after, with it, your horrible, "black" business ...
"I don't want to watch it more ..." Stella said the whisper. "I don't want to see horror anymore anything else ... Is it a human?" Well, tell me !!! Is it right?! We are people !!!
Stella began real hysterics, which was so unexpected that in the first second I was completely confused, not finding what to say. Stella was very indignant and even a little angry, which, in this situation, probably was completely acceptable and explained. For others. But it was so, again, it's not like that that I just finally understood how painful and deeply all this, an endless earthly evil wounded her kind, affectionate heart, and as far as she probably was tired of constantly carrying all this human Dirt and cruelty on their fragile, even very children's, shoulders .... I really wanted to hug this cute, persistent and so sad now, the little man! But I knew that it would upset her even more. And therefore, trying to keep quietly, so as not to affect her even deeper and so too "ragged" feelings, she tried, as she could, calm her.
"But there is a good, not only bad! .. You just look around - and your grandmother? .. And shouted? .. Won Maria generally lived only for others! And how many people! .. They are very very, very much! You're just very tired and very sad, because we have lost good friends. So everything seems to be in the "black paints" ... and tomorrow there will be a new day, and you will become ourselves again, I promise you! And also, if you want, we will not go to this "floor"? Want? ..
- Is the reason in the "floor"? .. - Gorky asked Stella. - From this, it will not change anything, we will go here or not ... It's just a terrestrial life. She is angry ... I don't want to be more here ...
I was very frightened, does Stella think to leave me and go all out forever?! But it was so on her not like! .. In any case, it was not the same Stella, which I knew so well ... And I really wanted to believe that her brown love for life and a bright joyful character "erase powder "All of the current bitterness and barking, and very soon she will again become the same solar stella, which still has been so recently ...
Therefore, a little calming itself, I decided not to do now any "far-reaching" conclusions, and wait until tomorrow before making any more serious steps.
Sphinx Giza is one of the oldest, largest and most mysterious monuments ever created by a person. Disputes about his origin are still going. We gathered 10 little-known facts about the majestic monument in the Sahara desert.
1. Large Sphinx Giza Sphinx is not
Specialists argue that the Egyptian Sphynx can not call the traditional image of the Sphinx. In the classic Greek mythology, the Sphinx was described as a creature that had a body of a lion, a woman's head and bird wings. In Giza, the sculpture of Androsfinse is actually towers, since he has no wings.
2. Initially, the sculpture had several other names.
The ancient Egyptians initially did not call it a gigantic creature "large sphinx". In the text on the "Stale of Dreams", dating from about 1400 BC, the Sphinx is referred to as the "statue of the Great Hepri". When the future pharaoh Tutamos IV slept next to her, he dreamed of a dream in which God Hepry-Ra-Atum came to him and asked to free the statue of sand, and in return he promised that the tathmos would become the ruler of all Egypt. Tutamos IV Dippophaded in the sandy sand with the statue, which after that became known as Horam Axet, which is translated as "mountains on the horizon". Medieval Egyptians called Sphinx "Balkhib" and "Bilhow".
3. No one knows who built a sphinx
Even today, people do not know the exact age of this statue, and modern archaeologists argue about who could create it. The most popular theory says that the Sphinx arose during the Board of Hefren (the fourth dynasty of the ancient kingdom), i.e. The age of the statue dates from about 2500 a year before our era.
This pharaoh is attributed to the creation of the pyramid of Hefren, as well as necropolis Giza and a number of ritual temples. The proximity of these structures with Sphinx prompted a number of archaeologists to believe that hefren ordered to build a majestic monument with his face.
Other scientists believe that the statue is much older than the pyramid. They prove that the face and head of the statue are traces of obvious damage to water and put forward the theory that the Great Sphinx already existed during the era when the region faced an extensive flood (6 millennia to our era).
4. Who would build a sphinx, he rushed from him to break his head after the end of the construction
American archaeologist Mark Leger and the Egyptian archaeologist Canes Havass found a large stone blocks, tool kits and even petrified dinners under the sand layer. This clearly indicates that the workers are so hurried to go away, they did not capture with them even their tools.
5. Basher workers who built a statue, perfectly fed
Most scientists think that people who built the sphinx were slaves. However, their diet assumes quite different. As a result of the excavation, under the leadership, Mark Leger was found that the workers regularly dinner beef, lamb and kvdvatin.
6. Sphinx was once covered with paint
Although now Sphinx gray-sand color, once it was completely covered with bright paint. Red paint residues still can be found on the face of the statue, and on the sphinx body there are traces of blue and yellow paint.
7. Sculpture for a long time was buried under the sand
Great Sphinx Giza several times became the victim of the Szybuchi sands of the Egyptian desert during his long-term existence. The first known recovery of almost completely buried under the sand of the Sphinx occurred shortly before the 14th century BC, thanks to the Rasmos IV, which soon became Egyptian pharaoh. Three millennia later, the statue was again buried under the sands. Up until the 19th century, the front paws of the statue were deep beneath the desert surface. Fully Sphinx was excavated in the 1920s.
8. Sphinx lost his headdress in the 1920s
During the last recovery, a large Sphinx fell out of his famous headdress, and the head and neck was seriously damaged. The Egyptian government hired the team of engineers to restore the Statue in 1931. But during this restoration, a soft limestone was used, and in 1988, the 320-kilogram part of the shoulder fell off, almost killing the German reporter. After that, the Egyptian government again began to restore the work.
9. After the construction of the Sphinx, there was a cult that reverend him
Thanks to the mystical vision of Tutamos IV, who became Pharaoh after the gigantic statue was dug, in the 14th century BC, a whole cult of worship of the Sphinx arose. Pharaohs, ruling during the new kingdom, even built new temples, from which it was possible to see a large sphinx and worship him.
10. Egyptian Sphinx is much the good of Greek
The modern reputation of the sphinx as a cruel creature occurred from Greek mythology, and not Egyptian. In Greek myths, the Sphinx is mentioned in connection with the meeting with the Oedip, to which he guess the allegedly intractable riddle. In ancient Egyptian culture, the Sphinx was considered more benevolent.
11.Napoleone is not to blame for the fact that the Sphinx no nose
The mystery of the lack of nose in a large sphinx spawned all sorts of myths and theories. One of the most common legends states that Napoleon Bonaparte ordered to beat off the nose statue in a gust of Gordini. However, early sphinx sketches show that the nose statue lost even before the birth of the French emperor.
12. Sphinx was once bearded
Today, the remains of the Big Sphinx beard, which were removed from the statue due to severe erosion, are stored in the British Museum and in the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, created in Cairo in 1858. However, the French archaeologist Vasil Dobrev claims that the statue was not from the very beginning, and the beard was added later. Dobrev argues his hypothesis by the fact that the removal of the beard, if it were a component of the statue from the very beginning, would lead to damage to the chin of the statue.
13. Big Sphinx - the most ancient statue, but not the most ancient Sphinx
Great Sphinx Giza is considered the oldest monumental sculpture in human history. If we assume that the statue dates back to Hefren's rule, smaller sphinxes depicting its consolidated brother of Jedfra and Sister Notefer II, older.
14. Sphinx - the biggest statue
Sphinx, the length of which is 72 meters, and the height of 20 meters is considered the largest monolithic statue on the planet.
15. Several astronomical theories are associated with Sphinx
The riddle of a large Sphinx Giza led to the emergence of a number of theories about the supernatural understanding of the ancient Egyptians of the space. Some scientists, such as Leger, believe that the Sphinx with the pyramids of Giza is a giant machine for capturing and processing solar energy. In another theory, the Sphynx coincidence, the Pyramids and the Nile River with the stars of the Constellations of Leo and Orion are noted.
Sphinx is a mystical creature, hero of the myths of ancient Greece and Egypt. This zoomorphic essence is the symbol of deep communication, hidden secrets. The Sphinx is considered an enigmatic symbol associated with the royal power and guards. Associated with the mystery that hides.
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Sphinx in different peoples
In the literature there are variations of the creature, and every different. One of the options is the FVAN Sphinx, mentioned in the legend of the Edipe. In the myth of the essence of the female head and chest, the body of the bull or dog, the paws of the lion, the tail of the dragon, the wings of the bird. Researchers explain: this image is the alliance of the main elements and the female start.
Sphinsks, like another monster, is associated with chaos, insanely destroying everything in the path of power, which carries an irrational nature. Therefore, it can be blocked by the power of mind. In legend, it is defeated by an emergency carrying a male start.
One of the Egyptian sphinxes has a shell's head that they associate him with God Amone - the patron saint of black celestial space and air. Egyptian sphinxes, unlike Greek, were depicted with a male head and a torso of a lion (a parallel was also held with male beginnings).
In each combination of human and animal parts of the body in myths invested the meaning. This entity is a symbol of mysteriousness. There is an opinion that he is the keeper of the other world.
Mythical creature of ancient Egypt
The first sculptures of the receiving agent-half-grains in ancient Egypt were found in the excavations of Goebekley-Tepe and dating from the Millennium BC. e. Part of the ancient Egyptian culture similar images were still during the ancient kingdom.
The famous sculpture in the world is a huge Sphinx guarding the pyramids in Giza. Common variants of creatures are considered to be:
- androsphinx - The usual appearance of messengers with a human head. More often, Pharaoh's face was depicted;
- hierakosfinx - Falcon head was used. Such creatures erased the temples of God Mountain.
- cryosphinches - Essence from the head of the ram.
But these are not all options. The commemorative temple of Amenhotpa III has images of sphinxes with crocodile bodies.
Legend of Sphinx in Ancient Greece
The Greek monster is different from Egyptian. It has griffin wings, dog body, lion paws and a woman's head. It is believed that this is the creature of the brainchild of typhon and the echid. In the first version of the legend, Himer and ORF were his parents. 
Entity destroyed male individuals.
According to myth, Gera sent a creature on the phiva in punishment - one city dweller blasphemy. The monster of anyone who passed by, asked questions. No one has managed to answer them, after which it killed the victims. People dressed from the paw of the sphinx, but the EDIP decided to fight him - the future king. Sphinx asked:
Who walks on four legs in the morning, on two - at noon and three in the evening, and on four and three walks worse than two?
EDIP did not hesitate to say that it is a person - at first he moves on all fours, when he matures, it becomes two legs, and the old moves with the help of the keys. The monster was upset and asked the second riddle:
Call two sisters, one of which generates another, and that in turn generates the first.
The Oedip said it was the day and night - and this answer was a monster that the monster. It lost. And after the essence rushed into the abyss.
There is another version of the legend. She says that a semi-day half-day with wings destroyed people, and did not make them riddles. And Oedip won her directly in the battle.
Indian Sphinx
During the period of Hellenism, the motive of the receiving-half-grains is popular and outside Greece. In India, similar sculptures have also been preserved, and there are special terms for the semi-suite-half-length, one like this: "Purushamriga".
Figurine of indian sphinx.
In the south of Asia, the Philippines and today are popular with the image of the Sphinx.
Sphinx in the modern world
There are ancient mythical entities, so included in the culture that a century later do not lose relevance. People are used whose popularity is not reduced over the centuries. History with Sphinx is similar.
Sphinx - symbol of occultism.
In European art, the essence returned to the era of mannerism. The images appeared on the frescoes, new sculptures were created. More often it is a semi-seen, with long hair, naked breasts.
With the onset of classicism, the image is obtained by a half-length becomes more popular. The monster began to appear in the paintings, in architecture. The image of the sphinx head decorated the document forms, was used as a regular detail of the decor of various items.
They did not pay such a bright, talking element and masons. They decided that this is a symbol-mystery. In the United States, these entities and today are established at the entrance to the halls of the Masonic meetings as the personification of the mystery and the call for silence.
Sphinx is an important symbol in ancient Greece, and ancient Egypt, he attracted people throughout the history of mankind. One of the recognizable. It is not known, there was this embodiment of wisdom and mystery or not, but the memory of him will live for a long time.
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Let's try to figure it out in the purpose of its creation and methods of its construction. We learn what they speak in the scientific world about the age of sphinx. What does he hide inside and what role plays in relation to the pyramids? Surify the fiction and assumptions, we will leave only scientifically confirmed facts.
Quick description of the sphinx in Egypt
Sphinx and 50 reactive aircraft
Big Sphinx. Egypt Author: Most Likely Hamish2k, The First Uploader - Most Likely Hamish2k, The First Uploader, CC BY-SA 3.0, LinkSphinx in Egypt - the most ambitious preserved sculpture of antiquity. The length of the body is 3 jigging cars (73.5 m), and the height is 6 storey house (20 m). The bus is less than one front paw. And the weight of 50 reactive airliners is equal to the weight of the giant.
Blocks from which paws are folded were added during the period of the new kingdom, to restore the initial appearance. Sacred Cobra, nose and ritual beard - the symbols of the Power of Pharaoh - are missing. Fragments of the latter are exhibited in the British Museum.
Next to the ear, you can observe the remains of the original dark red paint.
What can we say strange proportions?
One of the main abnormalities of the figure lies in the disproportionateness of the head and torso. It seems that the upper part has been redone the subsequent rulers several times. There are opinions that first of the head of the idol was either Aries or Sokol and later passed into a human form. Restoration and rejoicing for many thousands of years could reduce the head or increase the body.
Where is the Sphinx?
The monument is located in the Necropolis of Memphis next to the pyramidal buildings of Hufu (Heops), Hafra (Hefren) and Mencarra (Mycerine) approximately 10 km from Cairo, on the West Bank of the Neal River to Plateau Giza.
God, on the contrary, or that symbolizes a giant
In ancient Egypt, the figure of Lion personified the power of Pharaoh. In Abidos, the cemetery of the first Egyptian kings, archaeologists discovered about 30 skeletons of adults who were not 20 years old, and ... Lviv's bones. The gods of the ancient Egyptians have always been depicted with the body of a person and an animal's head, but here's the opposite: a man's head size on a lion's body.
Maybe this suggests that the power and the power of a lion joined with human wisdom and the ability to manage this force? But who belonged to these strength and wisdom? The features of whose face are carved in stone?
Riddling Secret of Construction: Interesting Facts
The leading Egyptologist of the world Mark Leger spent 5 years next to the mysterious creature, exploring it, materials and breed around. He made a detailed map of the statue and came to an unequivocal conclusion: the statue is cut out of limestone, which lies at the base of the Giza Plateau.
At first, the trench was woven in the form of a horseshoe, leaving in the center of a huge block. And then the sculptors out of her monument cut out. Blocks weighing up to 100 tons for the construction of the walls of the temple in front of the sphinx took from here.
But this is only part of the attenuation. Other - how exactly did they do it?
Together with Rick Brown, an ancient tool specialist, Mark reproduced in the drawings of tomb of more than 4,000 years of labor agents. These were copper chisels, two-handed pestle and hammer. Then with these guns, they cut the detail of the monument from the limestone block: the missing nose.
This experiment allowed to calculate that the creation of a mysterious figure could work One hundred sculptors for three years. At the same time, they were accompanied by a whole army workers who created the tools of labor, pulled out the breed and did other necessary work.
Who broke the nose to Colossus?
When Napoleon arrived in Egypt in 1798, he saw a mysterious monster already without a nose, which prove the drawings of the 18th century: the face was so long before the French arrival. Although you can find the opinion that the nose beat off the military French.
There are other versions. For example, it is called the shooting of Turkish (according to other sources - English) soldiers, the target of which was chosen by the Istukan face. Or there is a story that tells about the fanatical Sufi monk in the 8th century of our era, which she was dismissed by the "blasphemous idol".
Fragments of the ritual beard of the Egyptian sphinx. British Museum, Photo from Egyptarchive Indeed, there are traces from driven wedges in the nose and about the nostrils. The impression that someone scored them specifically to break the item.
Prophetic Son Tsarevich at Sphinx
From complete destruction, the monument was saved, passing it on the millennium, sands. Attempts to restore Colossus were undertaken, starting with Tutamos IV. There is a legend, as during the hunt, resting on the midday shadow of the construction, the son of the king fell asleep and saw sleep. The giant deity promised him the crown of the Upper and Lower Kingdoms and instead asked to free from the absorbing desert. The granite stele of a dream, installed between the paws, stores this story.
Figure of the Great Sphinx 1737 Hood. Frederick Norden Tsarevich not only dug a deity, but also surrounded by his high stone wall. At the end of 2010, Egyptian archaeologists excavated the sections of a brick wall, which stretched 132 m around the monument. Scientists believe that this is the work of Tutmos IV, who wants to protect the statue of drifts.
History about grief-restoration of Sphinx in Giza
Despite their efforts, the construction again turned out to be covered. In 1858, partially sand was cleared by Auguste Mariett, the founder of the Egyptian service of antiquities. And in the period from 1925 to 1936. French Engineer Emil Baraiz completed clearing completely. Perhaps for the first time the divine beast was again influenced by the elements.
It is also obvious that the statue is destroyed due to wind, humidity and exhaust gases from Cairo. Conducting it, the authorities are trying to preserve an ancient monument. In the past century, in 1950, a huge and expensive project of restoration and conservation was launched.
But at the initial stage of work, instead of use, additional damage was caused. Cement, which was used for repair, as it turned out later, was incompatible with limestone. For 6 years, more than 2,000 limestone blocks were added to the structure, chemical treatment was carried out, but ... the positive result was not brought.
Like M. Leger guessed, whom I am depicting a large Sphinx Egypt
Excavations of the temple of Hefrena (in the foreground). The heopic pyramid is in the background.
Photo Henri Bicard, 1887
Pharaoh's tombs over time change their shape and magnitude. Appear and. A large Sphinx is the only one.
A significant number of Egyptologists believe that he represents Hefrena Pharaoh (Havra) from the fourth dynasty, because Not far was found like a small stone silhouette with his face. Also coincide the size of the blocks of the Hafra tomb (approximately 2540 BC) and monsters. Despite their allegations, no one knows for sure when and whom it was established in Giza.
Mark Leger found the answer to this question. He studied the structure of the Sphinx Temple, which is 9 meters away. In the days of the spring and autumn equinox, the sun at sunset connects two shrines of the temple and the Hafra pyramid, one line.
The religion of the ancient Egyptian kingdom was based on the worship of the sun. Local residents worshiped the Istukan as the embodiment of the Sun God, calling his chorus-uh aquet. Comparing these facts, Mark determines the initial purpose of the Sphinx and his identity: hafra's facethe son of Heops, looks from the figure of God, who protects the Pharaoh's journey to the afterlife, making it safe.
In 1996, the New York detective and identification expert revealed that the similarity is more noticeable with Hefren's elder brother Jedfre (or Son on other data). The debate on this topic is still continuing.
How many years old is the giant? Writer against scientists
Researcher John Anthony West Now lively debates about the dating of the monument are underway. Writer John Anthony West (John Anthony West) First noticed on the body of lion traces one erosion. On other buildings of the plateau, wind or sandy erosion is observed. He contacted Geologist and Associate Professor of the University of Boston Robert Shchoch (Robert M. Schoch), who, having studied the materials, agreed with the conclusions of West. In 1993, their joint work was presented by the "Mystery of Sphynx", which received the "EMMY" award for the best study and a nomination for the best documentary film.
Although at our time this territory is arid, about 10,000 years ago the climate was wet and rainy there. West and Shoe concluded that to form the consequences of water erosion, the sefnish age should be from 7000 to 10,000 years.
Scientists rejected the theory of shock as a strongly erroneous, pointing out that once common strong rain storms on the territory of Egypt ceased before the appearance of sculptures. But the question remains: why only on this design of Giza were noticed by signs of destruction under the influence of water?
Spiritic and supernatural interpretations about the purpose of sphinx
The famous English journalist Paul Branton (Paul Brunton) spent a lot of time traveling in eastern countries, lived with monks and mystics, studied the history and religion of ancient Egypt. He explored the royal tombs, met with famous faks and hypnotists.
His favorite symbol of the country, mysterious giant, told him his secrets during the night spent in the Great Pyramid. The book "In Search of Mystical Egypt" tells how one day he opened the mystery of all things.
The American Mystic and the Prophet Edgar Casey (Edgar Cayce) is confident in the theory, which can be read in his book about Atlantis. He pointed out that the secret knowledge of the Atlantov is stored next to the Sphinx.
Sketch Vivan Double 1798 depicts a person crawling out of a hole on top. Writer Robert Bauval (Robert Bauval) published in 1989 the article that three pyramids in Giza regarding the Nile formed a kind of three-dimensional "hologram" on the Earth of the three stars of Orion's belt and the Milky Way. He developed a challenging theory that all the structures of this area, together with the ancient Scriptures, are an astronomical map.
The most suitable position of the stars in the sky for this interpretation was 10500 BC. E. This date is claimed by the Egyptologists, since no archaeological artifact dated by these years, it was not dug.
New sphinx riddles in Egypt?
There are various legends about secret moves associated with this artifact. Studies of Florida and Boston Universities, as well as the University of VasaDa in Japan, revealed various anomalies around the figure. Although it is possible that these are natural features.
In 1995, workers, repairing a nearby parking lot, stumbled upon a number of tunnels and tracks, two of which are immersed in the dungeon near the stone body of a man-beast. R. Bauval is convinced that these facilities are peers.
In the period from 1991 to 1993, studying damage on the monument with the help of seismograph, the Entoni West group found the right shape of hollow spaces or cameras located at a depth of several meters between the front limbs and on both sides of the mysterious image. But no permits were received for a deeper study. The mystery of the underground rooms remained not yet solid.
Sphinx in Egypt continues to worry the inquisitive minds. Many speculations and assumptions exists around the ancient monument on our planet. Will we ever know who and why left this trail on Earth?
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Egypt is a country that is still weighted by a mass of riddles attracting tourists from all over the planet. Perhaps one of the most important secrets of this state is a great Sphynx, whose statue is located in the Giza Valley. This is one of the most ambitious sculptures ever created by the hands of a person. Its dimensions are truly impressive - the length is 72 meters, the height is about 20 meters, the face of the sphinx itself has a length of 5 meters, and the fallen nose, according to the calculations, had a value with an average human growth. No photo is able to transfer all the greatness of this stunning monument of antiquity.
Today, a large Sphinx in Giza no longer instills in a person of sacred horror - after the excavation, it was found that the statue of all-going "sits" in the pit. However, for many centuries, her head sticking out of deserted sand, superstitious fear of deserted Bedouins and locals.
general information
Egyptian Sphinx is located on the west coast of the Nile River, and his head is facing the sunrise. For many thousands of years, a view of this silent witness of the history of the country of Pharaohs is aimed at the point on the horizon, where in the days of autumn and spring equinox the sun begins his leisurely move.
The Sphinx itself is made of monolithic limestone, which is a fragment of the base of the Giza Plateau. The statue is a huge mysterious creature with a body of a lion and a man's head. Many probably saw this grand construction in the photo in books and textbooks on the history of the ancient world.
Cultural and historical importance of the construction
According to historians, almost all ancient civilizations lion was the personification of the Sun and the sunny deity. In the drawings of the ancient Egyptians, Pharaoh was very often depicted in the form of a lion that scores to the enemies of the state and exterminating them. It is based on these beliefs that the version was built that the Great Sphinx is a certain mystical guard guarding the peace of rulers buried in the tombs of the Giza Valley.
It is still not known how the residents of ancient Egypt called the sphinx. It is believed that the word "Sphinx" itself has a Greek origin and is literally translated as "slicer". In some Arabic texts, in particular, in the famous collection "Thousand and one night", the Sphinx is not called the "Father of Horror". There is one more opinion, according to which the ancient Egyptians called the statue of the "way of existing". This once again confirms that the Sphinx was for them the earthly embodiment of one of the deities.
History
Probably the most important riddle that the Egyptian Sphinx is traced - who is who, when and for which it elevated such a grand monument. In the ancient papyrus found by historians, it is possible to find a lot of information about the construction and creators of the great pyramids and numerous temple complexes, but about the Sphinx, its creator and the cost of its construction (and the ancient Egyptians have always been very careful about the costs of this or that matter) there are no mention None in any source. For the first time, he mentioned him in his writings, the historian of Pliny Sr., but it was already at the beginning of our era. He notes that the Sphinx, located in Egypt, was reconstructed several times and was cleaned of sand. It is that not a single source that explains the origin of this monument has not yet been found, and gave rise to countless versions, opinions and guesses regarding who and why he built it.
Big Sphinx fits perfectly into a complex of structures located on the Giza Plateau. The creation of this complex refers to the period of the reign of IV dynasty of the kings. Actually, he himself includes the Great Pyramids and the Sphinx Statue.
Until now, it is impossible to say for how many years this monument. According to the official version, a large Sphinx in Giza was erected during the reign of Pharaoh Hefren - approximately 2500 to our era. In support of this hypothesis, historians indicate the similarity of limestone blocks used in the construction of the pyramid of Hefren and Sphinx, as well as the image of the ruler itself, which was found near the construction.
There is another one, an alternative version of the origin of the Sphinx, according to which its construction refers to even more ancient times. The group of Egyptologists from Germany, which conducted a limestone erosion analysis, concluded that the monument was built in about 7,000 BC. There is also astronomical theories of the creation of Sphinx, according to which its construction is associated with the Constellation of Orion and corresponds to 10500 BC.
Restoration and current monument state
Large Sphinx, even though he has survived to our times, is now very damaged - nor the time nor people spared him. Especially suffered by the face - on numerous photos, it can be seen that it is almost completely erased, and its features cannot be distinguished. The urea is the symbol of the royal power, which is Cobru, who throws his head - irrevocably lost. Boards - a solemn headdress, descending from the head on the shoulders of the statue - also partially destroyed. I suffered and the beard, which is now not fully represented. But where and under what circumstances the nose of the Sphinx disappeared, scientists argue so far.
Damage to the face of a large sphinx located in Egypt, very much resemble traces of chisel. According to Egyptologists, in the XIV century he was discerned by one pious sheikh, who carried out the covenants of the Prophet Mohammed, prohibiting the human face on the works of art. And Mamelukov head of the structure was used as a cannon target.
Today in the photo, video and live can be seen as a very large Sphinx suffered from the time and cruelty of people. There was even a small piece of 350 kg with a small piece of 350 kg, it gives another reason to be amazed to truly gigantic sizes of this facility.
Although only 700 years ago, the face of a mysterious statue described a certain Arab traveler. In his travel notes, it was said that this face was truly fine, and his lips were carried by the majestic stamp of Pharaoh.
For all the years of its existence, a large sphinx has repeatedly immersed on the very shoulders in the sands of the Sahara desert. The first attempts to dig a monument were taken in ancient times by Pharaoh Tathmos IV and Ramses II. With thenamos, the Great Sphinx was not only completely dug out of the sand, but also a huge arrow of granite was installed in its paws. It was carved with an inscription, which says that the ruler gives under the patronage of the Sphinx his body so that it rests on the sands of the Giza Valley and at a certain point he resurrected in the appearance of the new Pharaoh.
In times of Ramses II, the Great Sphinx Giza not only dug out of the sand, but also undergoing a solid restoration. In particular, the massive rear of the statue was replaced by blocks, although before the entire monument was monolithic. At the beginning of the XIX century, archaeologists completely cleaned the statues from the sand, but she was completely relieved of sand only in 1925. It was then that the true dimensions of this grand constructure became known.
Great Sphinx as a tourism facility
Large Sphinx, like the Great Pyramids, is located on the Giza Plateau, which is 20 km from the capital of Egypt. This is a single complex of monuments of the history of ancient Egypt, which has come down to this day since the reign of pharaohs from the IV dynasty. It consists of three large pyramids - Heops, Hefren and Micheerin, the small pyramids of the queen are included here. Here tourists can visit various temple facilities. The Sphinx Statue is located in the eastern part of this ancient complex.
