The total number is about 700 thousand people, of which in the Russian Federation - 515 thousand.
Ethnonym
Ossetians are the name of the people who occurred from the Georgian name Alan - oats (cargo. ოსები), which in turn happened from self-sizing Alan - Assa. Samuading Ossetians - "Iron". According to one of the versions, this word goes back to "Aria" (آریا, ārya, Aryien - noble). However, the famous Iranist Vaso Abaev denies this assumption. In the Byzantine sources, Ossetians were called Alans, in Armenian Oska, in Russian Yaasa.
Origin
Ossetians are direct descendants of Alan, hence the name of the Republic of RSO-Alania.
In a broader sense, Ossetians are the descendants of the oldest Indo-European population of Europe and the only preserved Northern Iranians.
For the first time, the hypothesis of Iranian origin of Ossetians was nominated by Y. Clamp in the first half of the XIX century and soon confirmed by the language studies of the Russian Academician of the Finnish origin of Andreas Schogrena.
Already in the middle of the 19th century, the Russian scientist of German origin V. F. Miller wrote: "You can now consider the proven and generally accepted truth that the small nation of Ossetians represents the last descendants of the Great Iranian tribe, which in the Middle Ages was known as Alans, in ancient - as Sarmaty and Pontic Scythians »
History
Approximate map of Scythia in the i-M millennium N. e.
The border with the Khazari, Alans were a serious military and political threat to Kaganata. Byzantium has repeatedly played the "Alan Card" in its permanent imperial ambitions towards Khazaria. Using the geographical location of the uninterests-Alan, imposed his political plans to Khazar.
Religion
Most of the most believing Ossetians profess Orthodoxy, adopted in the -vii centuries from Byzantium, later from Georgia, from the XVIII century from Russia. Part of Ossetians profess Islam Sunni and (perceived in the XVII -XVIII centuries from the Kabardians); Local traditional beliefs are preserved.
Language
Monuments of architecture Ossetin
Dialects and ethnic groups
Ossetians living in the Russian North Ossetia are divided into two ethnic groups: ions (self-breaking - iron) and diports (self-breaking - digoron). The ions are numerically dominated, the Iron dialect is based on the Ossetian literary language. The literary form also has a digorsky dialect: on it, as in Iron, books and periodicals are published, a drama theater is functioning. The ethnonym "Digorsi" (Ashdigor) is first mentioned in "Armenian history and geography" (VII century). The Digorsky and Iron dialects of the Ossetian language differ, mainly in phonetics and vocabulary.
Descriptions Ossetians
Descriptions of Ossetians, written by the first researchers who visited Ossetia are preserved:
"Ossetians are quite well folded, strong, strong, they are usually medium height; The growth of men is only five feet and two or four inches. They rarely come thick, but usually dense; They are infertility, especially this applies to women. They are very distinguished among the neighbors with their appearance, which is very similar to the appearance of Europeans. Ossetians are often found blue eyes and light or red hair, dark-haired there are very small; It is a healthy and prolific race. " I. Blamberg.
"In general, the anthropology of Ossetians is significantly different from the anthropology of other peoples of the Caucasus; Frequent hair and gray or blue eyes are often found. Ossetians of high growth and leaning ... Ossetian body is healthy and strong. " E. Zichi.
"Ossetians are pretty slim people, strong and strong, usually medium height: men reach 5 feet 2-4 inches. Ossetians are not thick, but housing and wide, especially women. They differ from their neighbors mainly by the features of the face, the color of hair and eyes, which resemble Europeans. Among the Ossetians are often there are blue eyes, light and brown hair; Black hair is not found almost never. They are healthy people and have a big offspring. " Y. Clamp. 1807-1808
"Talking once in Tiflis with one Ossetian, I told him that among the scholars of Germany was solved by the opinion that we, Germans, one race with Ossetians and our ancestors in former times inhabited the Caucasian Mountains. In response, Ossetians firmly ridicked me out; He was a very beautiful man with a Circassian eagle profile; His agreed with me formed by Russian. Just passed by Württemberg Peasant from Marienfeld Colony. The clumsy figure of this German, his wide face with a drowsy expression and the swaying gait was sharply different from the flexible beautiful figure of Caucasian. "How can it be," exclaimed Russian, - so that you are so reckless and recognized two people of such a different type belonging to the same race? No, the ancestors of these two people could also fly out of one nest like falcon and turkey. You see this Ossetian and that German are engaged in the same work, they process the fields and graze herd. Send your peasants to high mountains and find everyone in Caucasian clothes, nevertheless will never come out Ossetians ... Even in a thousand years it will be possible to distinguish their great-grandchildren. " M. Wagner. 1850
Settlement
Ossetian cuisine
The main dishes of Ossetian cuisine are Ossetian pies (osse. Chitææ), beer (ox. Bægæny). As with the entire Caucasus, the kebab is common in Ossetia (osse. Fizonæg).
Research
The first described in detail the economic life, the traditional life and the culture of Ossetians of the Expedition S. Vanyavina (), A. Batyreva (,) and I.-A. Guldenshtedt (-). Already then, scientists were noted as "Caucasian features" of Ossetians and the obvious nursing of them with neighboring peoples. This explains a special interest in the scientific study of Ossetia.
A large Russian scientist P. S. Pallas was an important contribution to the study of the Ossetian people: he established the similarity of the Ossetian language not only with the ancient Persian, but also by Slavic and German languages. So, in the XVIII century, the belonging of the Ossetian language to the Indo-European language branch was noticed.
The works of Russian and foreign scientists, along with scientific expeditions, served as the beginning of the comprehensive study of Ossetia and the Ossetian people.
Some outstanding Ossetians (in alphabetical order)
- Abaev V. I. - Language, Academician, researcher of Iranian languages \u200b\u200band, in particular, the Ossetian language.
- Andeiyev S.P. - Outstanding wrestling fighter. Two-time Olympic Champion (1976, 1980), four-time world champion (1973, 1975, 1977, 1978), Silver winner of the World Cup (1974), World Cup Winner (1973, 1976, 1981), European Champion (1974, 1975, 1982) , Winner of the Olympics of the Peoples of the USSR (1975), Champion of the USSR (1973-1978, 1980), Winner of the Absolute Championship of the USSR for freestyle wrestling (1976). Honored Master of Sport of the USSR (1973), Honored Coach of Russia (1988).
- Baroev HM - Honored Master of Sports Greek-Roman Wrestling. Champion of Russia (2003, 2004, 2006). World Champion (2003, 2006). World Cup winner (2003). The winner of the games of the XXVIII Olympiad in Athens (2004) to 120 kg.
- Beroev V.B. (1937 - 1972) - famous actor of Soviet cinema. Filmed in films: The plane did not land (1964), our home (1965), Major Vorki (1967), in the fire of Brod, Leningradsky Avenue, Caesar and Cleopatra, Fleet Officer, Masquerade.
- Berezov T. - Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor; Chairman of the Moscow Diaspora Ossetians.
- Bollayev T. K. - Famous Russian Businessman, President of Baltika Brewery OJSC (1991-2004).
- Gagloev V. M. (1928-1996) - Ossetian writer, playwright
- Gazzayev V. G. - Famous Soviet striker, member of the Bombardir Club Grigoria Fedotov (117 goals), a football coach who managed to collect an almost complete set of awards that could be won in Russia. Honored coach of Russia, "coach of the year" according to UEFA (season 2004-05).
- Gergiev V. A. - Artistic director of the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. People's Artist of Russia, twice winner of the State Prize of Russia, "Conductor of the Year" (1994), Cross First Class "For Merit" (Germany), Order of Grand Ufficiale (Italy), Order L "Ordre Des Arts Et Des Lettres (France); repeatedly He, as the best conductor of the year, was awarded the highest theater award of the country "Golden Mask" (from 1996 to 2000). In 2002, he was awarded to the President of Russia for an outstanding creative contribution to the development of art. In March 2003, the Maestro was awarded the honored title " Artist of the world of UNESCO. "
- Warziev H. P. - The first graduate balletmaster of Ossetia (Gityis-1968) and the State Academic Ensemble of the People's Dance "Alan", Honored Worker of the Arts of the Russian Federation.
- Dzagoev A.E. - CSKA midfielder. The best young Russian Premier League Football Player (First Fiftry Prize winner) :. The main discovery of the Russian football season :.
- Dudarova VB - the famous female conductor; The name of Dudarova is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the name of a woman, who worked with the largest orchestras worked with the largest orchestras.
- Isaev M. I. - Russian Logbook, Sociolingvist, researcher of Iranian languages \u200b\u200band the head of a number of works on the study of Esperanto.
- Karaev, Ruslan - Kickboxer-professional. The winner of the World Grand Prix of the K-1 2005 in Las Vegas and the Grand Prix of the K-1 2008 in Taipei. World champion among lovers kickboxers (2003). European champion among lovers kickboxers (2003).
- Kantemirov, Alibek Tuzarovich (1903-1976) - the founder of the Soviet equestrian circus and the famous dynasty of the riders of Cantemirov, People's Artist of Russia.
- Kuchiev Yu. S. - Arctic captain, the first to reach the North Pole, the Hero of the Soviet Union, the cavalier of many awards of the USSR.
- Mamsurov, Hadzhiumar Dzhhipovich (1903-1968) - Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel-General, Legendary Scout.
- Pliev, Issa Aleksandrovich - Soviet General, who distinguished himself during World War II, twice the hero of the Soviet Union and the hero of the Mongolian People's Republic.
- Taimazov, Arthur - Two-time Olympic Champion (2004 and 2008), Silver Prize-winner of the 2000 Olympics, World Champion 2003, 2006. By freestyle wrestling
- Tokayev G. A. - Soviet scientist, a leading specialist in the field of aviation and missile development of the USSR. The world-famous specialist in the field of thermodynamics and space research worked on the "Concord" and the Apollo NASA program, a professor at British City University, an honorary member of many academies and scientific societies.
- Fadzaev A. S. - Two-time Olympic champion, six-time world champion, multiple European champion, Winner Super Cup in Tokyo - 1985 and Games of Goodwill 1986, the first winner of the Golden Wrestling, awarded the best fighter of the planet.
- Hadarians, Maharbek Khazbievich - Two-time Olympic champion, five-time world champion, four-time champion in Europe, a multiple winner of World Cups, Goodwill Games, etc.
- Khetagurov K. L. - the founder of Ossetian literature, poet, educator, sculptor, artist.
- Zagolov, Kim Macedonovich (1903-1976) - Major General, awarded 28 state awards and honorary signs of the USSR, Russia, Afghanistan, Poland. He was awarded the highest signs of the Soviet Committee for the World - Medal "Wrestlers for the World" and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences - "Knight of Science and Arts", several honorary nominal awards of the Minister of Defense of Russia and the head of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia.
- Hetagurov, Georgy Ivanovich (1903-1976) - General of the Army, Hero of the Soviet Union.
- Tsacaty, Felix - Honored Artist of Russia, People's Artist of North Ossetia, a popular performer of modern pop songs.
- Cherchesov S. S. - Russian football coach, previously Soviet and Russian football player, goalkeeper, honored master of sports in Russia. Prize winner of the year (the prize of the magazine "Ogonjek"): 1989, 1990, 1992, 2nd place on the list of the best football players of the USSR 1989 to survey the weekly "Football". Cherchesov is the most age football player who spent the Russian national team.
Photo Gallery
Ossetian ethnos has hundreds of years, but its pedigree roots go to millennia deep into the legendary Iranian-speaking people of the Northern Black Sea region. The echoes of these connections can be found in Russian.
In search of a response
In the second half of the XVIII century, European scientists travel around the North Caucasus first encountered Ossetians. Who are they? Where did you come from? These issues put in a dead end of scientists who poorly knew the history of the Caucasus and his ethnographic pedigree. The descendants of the ancient Polovtsy called Ossetians the Ostsey German, traveler and the naturalist Johann Guldenshtedt. German scientists August Gakstgauzen, Karl Koh and Karl Gan nominated the theory of the German origin of the Ossetian people. The French archaeologist Dubua de Montper suggested that Ossetians belong to the Finno-Ugric tribes. According to the point of view of the doctor of the right of Voldemara Pfaffa, Ossetians are the result of the mixing of seventes with Aryans. The initial moment for such an output was the external similarity of hustances with Jews detected by Pfaff. In addition, the scientist focused on and in some common features of the life of two peoples. For example, there are such parallels: the son remains at the father and in all it obeys him; Brother is obliged to marry his wife's deceased brother (the so-called "Levirat"); With legitimate wife, it is allowed to have "illegal". However, it will pass a little time, and comparative ethnology will prove that such phenomena is completely and near many other peoples. Along with these assumptions, the theory of Alanian origin of Ossetians was launched with the German Easternist Julius Clapproid at the beginning of the XIX century. Following him, the Russian researcher, the ethnographer Andrei Fogren in an extensive language material proved the validity of this point of view. And at the end of the XIX century, the outstanding Caucasian and Slavist Vsevolod Miller finally convinced the scientific community in the Alano-Iranian roots of the Ossetian people. The long pedigree richest history of the Ossetian nation has at least 30 centuries. Today we have enough information to immerse yourself in the study of the pedigree of this people, which reveals a clear continuity: Scythians - Sarmaty - Alans - Ossetians. Scythians who declared themselves victorious campaigns into small Asia, the creation of grand mounds and the art of making gold jewelry, settled in the areas of the Steppe Crimea and the regions of the Northern Black Sea region, between the lower currents of the Danube and Don, in the VIII century BC. In the 4th century BC. Scythian king atya, completing the combination of tribal unions, created a powerful power. However, in the III century BC. Scythians were attacked by relative Sarmatian tribes and were partially scattered, but their large group was assimilated by Sarmatians. In the III century AD. Goths invaded the Scythian Sarmatian kingdom, and in the century the Huns came, who involved local tribes into the great resettlement of peoples. But the weak Skifo-Sarmatian community was not dissolved in this stormy stream. Energetic Alans, part of which, together with Huns, went to the West and came down to Spain. Another part has moved to the foothills of the Caucasus, where connecting with local ethnic groups, marked the beginning of the future early-referred state of Alanya. In the IX century, Christianity penetrated from Byzantium to Alanya. He is still confessing most of the inhabitants of North and South Ossetia. In the 1220s. In Alanya, the hordes of Genghis Khan, who defeated the small Alanian army, and by the end of the 1230s who captured the fertile plains of the Forn of the Caucasus were invading the fertile plains. The surviving Alans were forced to go to the mountains. The deprived of the former power of Alans for a long five centuries disappear from the historical scene to revive in the new world under the name of Ossetians.
Mysterious "Don"
Ossetian ethnographic studies have established that their language belongs to the Iranian group of Indo-European languages, which also includes Persian, Afghan, Kurdish, Tajik, Tatsky, Talysh, Belujsky, Yagnobsky, Pamir, and dialects. Previously, approximately in the VI - IV centuries BC, this group included the ancient Persian and Avestian languages. It is precisely thanks to the assembly of a huge amount of language data, the largest orientalist Vsevolod Miller and Vasily Abaev found that the medieval tribes of Alanov, who, in turn, inherited Skifo-Sarmatian pedigree. The language material of the Scythian Sarmatian world, covered by extensive territories between the Danube and Caspian, has been preserved in several thousand toponymic names and their own names. We will meet them in the works of ancient authors, and in numerous Greek inscriptions that remain in the places of the ancient cities-colonies: Tanaida, Gorgippies, Pantikapey, Olvia. The absolute majority of SCIFO-Sarmatian words can be identified through a modern Ossetian language, as well as the Old Russian vocabulary looks in the dictionary of the modern Russian language. Take, for example, the word "don", which in Ossetian means "water". From this word, the names of rivers such as Don, Donets, Dnipro, Dniester, Danube rose. Here you can see the justice of the hypothesis, according to which the Aryan roots see the Ossetian people. The word "don". According to the majority of scientists, dānu dates back to the Aryan-based Dānu (river), which also meant "drop, dew, solved liquid" in Ancient Indian. Professor Abaev believes that the transition "Dān → Don" occurred no earlier than the XIII-XIV centuries, when Ossetians (Alans) were no longer massively presented in the south of Russia. According to him, the Russian form "Don" cannot be associated directly with the modern Ossetian "don", these words are related through Scythian-Sarmatian language. As for the very name of the Ossetian people, it fell into Russian from the Georgian name of Alanya - Osseti. Ossetian tangle still in itself riddles. So, the name of the British capital - London - Ossetians perceive as their own, because in their native language it means "harbor or a pier." There are other examples. The city of Dover in Ossetiansky sounds like a "gate", Bonn - as a "day", and Lisbon is "ascending day." Such intriguing toponyms in European languages \u200b\u200bnumbered at least semi-pile.
From the Middle Ages to modernity
In the religious views of the Ossetian people, you can see the bizarre mixing of various beliefs - Christian, Muslim, pagan. However, the majority of Ossetians are adherents of Orthodoxy, which penetrated them in early Middle Ages from Byzantium, later from Georgia, and from the XVIII century - from Russia. September 25, 1750 is considered a point of reference of the official relations between the Ossetian and Russian peoples. On this day, the delegation of Ossetian ambassadors arrived in St. Petersburg, who said to Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, that "the entire Ossetian people wishes to be subject to the Russian crown." The Russian Empress allowed Ossetians to descend from the mountains and to strip on the plains of the North Caucasus. Soon on the bank of the Terek, the city of Fortress Vladikavkaz rose. At the end of the XVIII century, an important highway was held through the Caucasian Ridge, the military-Georgian road, the protection of which was assigned to brave soldiers - Ossetians. The centuries-old Ossetian-Russian relationships always worked a peaceful character, which favored the establishment of fruitful cooperation. At the same time, Russian culture had a direct impact on Ossetian. In particular, the formation of Ossetian writing is associated with the name of the Russian academician Andrei Steirgen, and the founder of the Literary Ossetian language and fiction is Costa Hetagurov, who was educated at the Art Academy of St. Petersburg. The story turned in such a way that the Northern and South Ossetians were separated by the Caucasus ridges and government borders. North Ossetia remained in the Russian limits, South - in Georgia. The extremist policy of Tbilisi authorities put residents of South Ossetia before choosing - "to be or not to be", to preserve your national face or dissolve in the Georgian ethnic. After a long escalation of the conflict, which led to the tragic events of August 2008, Ossetians unambiguously chose identity.
Answer from
Ossetians are one of the most ancient peoples of the Caucasus. To much greater degree than other mountaineers, one attracted the attention of travelers and researchers. Already in 17-18VV. On Ossetians there was a large number of Georgian, Western European and Russian news, characterizing different directions of their life and culture. In this regard, the work of Tsarevich Vakhushti "Geography Geography", which contains not only a geographical description of almost all Ossetia of the end of 17V. , but also some valuable ethnographic information (about Ossetian classes, their ingredients, customs, refinery beliefs, etc.). Vakhushti data about Ossetia significantly complement other Georgian sources of this and earlier period, assembled mainly in the book "The History of Ossetia".
Answer from Natali.[guru]
like who? ! First of all, these are people !!
Answer from Ўry Pastukhov[guru]
Nationality of such
Answer from Dina Kodzokova[newcomer]
Ossetians (Ironsk. Ir, Irættæ, Iron
adæm, Digor. Digoræ, dihorænthæ;
dr. -US. Yasi, un. h. Yasin, Yas) -
the people living in the Caucasus
descendants Alan, main population
Ossetia: North Republics
Ossetia - Alanya and South Ossetia.
Live also in other areas
Russian Federation, in Georgia,
Turkey and other countries.
Ossetian language belongs to
iranian group Indo-European
families of languages; Ossetians are mainly
bilingual (bilingual
ossetian-Russian, less often -
ossetian-Georgian or
ossetian-Turkish).
Total number - about 700
thousand people, of them in
Of the Russian Federation - 515 thousand
Etnonym "Ossetians" is
derived from the name
"Ossetia", which is in Russian
appeared from the Georgian name
Alanya and Ossetia - "Osseti". IN
turn, "Osseti" is formed
from the Georgian name Alan and
ossetian - "Axis", "OVSI" (cargo.
ოსები) and Georgian
topoformant "-ii".
Georgian name "axis" or
"OVSI" comes from
samulation of part of Alan - Assa.
Also Armenian name Alan -
"OSS", Russian name Alan -
"YaSa" and the name of the relative
ossetians of the people of Yasov occur
directly from "ACS".
From the Russian ethnonym "Ossetians"
he got into other languages \u200b\u200bof the world.
Answer from Alexander Kulikov[guru]
People!
Answer from Vigo Spain.[active]
Right people !!
Answer from Salome.[guru]
Next time, call Hikician and ask who are the Armenians ...
Answer from uFK UFK[newcomer]
iranian Jews claiming that they are Alans
Answer from Ѕasan Chakhkiev[active]
Ossetians - the ancient people in the Caucasus - Ha, Ha, Ha, Ha ...
God forbid you health, embarrassed, looking at night.
Answer from Їermen Nakusov[newcomer]
Yagiyevich is you Jews Ingush you have a haplogroup J2
Answer from Vika Kukushka[newcomer]
Brother you are Ossetians;\u003e
Answer from ЍMald Daimond.[newcomer]
Ossetians, Iron, Digoron [self-talent; Ethnonyms of Toylag (Twisters, the Ossetian group of the Naro-Mamyon region) and Husairag (Husara, the Ossetian group in South Ossetia)] are also preserved, the people in the Russian Federation (the main population of North Ossetia, the number of about 335 thousand people) and Georgia (the main population of southern Ossetia, the number of 65 thousand people); Live also in Kabardino-Balkaria (10 thousand people), in Karachay-Cherkessia (4 thousand people). The number in Russia is 402 thousand people. The main subecadetic groups: ions and djigans (in the west of North Ossetia). They speak the Ossetian language of the Iranian group of the Indo-European family. It has 2 dialects: Iron (Loeful as the basis of the literary language) and Digorsky. Writing (from the XIX century) based on the Russian alphabet. Believers - Orthodox, there are Muslims.
The ethnonym of Digor (Ashdigor) is first mentioned in the Armenian geography (VII century). In the same source are twisted. The Georgian historian of Leonthius of the rover (XI century) indicates the meaning of the "Big Dwalle Road", held from Georgia through the territory of Dvllov to the North Caucasus. Ossetians are one of the ancient peoples of the Caucasus. Since the times of Scythian campaigns to the front Asia, they are referred to in the Georgian chronicle oats (axes, from here the Russian name of Ossetian). Svants called them Saviar, Megrella - Opsami, Abkhaza - Auaps, Chechens and Ingushi - Iry, Balkarians and Karachai - Duger, Kabardians - Kuushchie. The formation of the Ossetian people is associated with the aboriginal population of the Northern Caucasus (the creators of Kobansky culture) and with the arrivals of Iranian-pagan peoples - Scythians, Sarmatians and especially Alans (from the I century of our era). As a result of the subsidence of the latter at the Central Caucasus, the indigenous population took their language and many of the traits of culture.
The powerful Union of Alanov (wasps - in Georgian and Yaasi, Sony - in Russian medieval sources) laid the beginning of the formation of Ossetian nation. In the XIII century, the Alansky state was defeated by Mongol-Tatars, Alanes are pushed out of fertile plains to the south, in the mountain gorge of the Central Caucasus. On its northern slopes, 4 major "societies" were formed, ascending to the tribal division (Digorskoe, Alagirskoye, Kurtatinskoye, Tagursk), on the southern - many smaller "societies", depending on the Georgian princes. Many Ossetian-Alan went to Mongolia and especially to the countries of Eastern Europe (in Hungary, a large compact group of descendants Alan, who names himself, but lost his native language).
Already from the 40s of the XVIII century, Russian-Ossetian relations were evolved. The Russian government was created "Ossetian Spiritual Commission". The members of the Commission organized the Ossetian embassy in St. Petersburg (1749-52), contributed to the resettlement of Ossetians in Mozdok and Mozdok steppes for settlement and mastering new lands. Ossetians, experiencing acute need in Earth, repeatedly appealed through the Commission asking the Russian government to relocate them in the foothill areas of the North Caucasus. In 1774, Ossetia became part of Russia. The consolidation of Ossetian nation has increased. At the end of the XVIII-XIX centuries. The resettlement of part of Ossetians from the mountains began on the plains. The land transferred to the Ossetians by the Russian government was fixed mainly for the Ossetian vest.
After 1917 there is a massive resettlement of Ossetians on the plain. On April 20, 1922, the South Ossetian AO was formed as part of the Georgian SSR, in 1924 - North Ossetian JSC, which was transformed into the North Ossetian ASSR as part of the RSFSR. In 1990, the Supreme Council of the Republic adopted a declaration on the state sovereignty of the Republic of North Ossetia.
On the plain the main traditional occupation - agriculture (wheat, corn, millet, barley, etc.). In the mountains, along with farming, cattle breeding (sheep, goats, cattle) was developed. Traditional agriculture system on the plain - Tri-Poly. G.
Answer from Alex Mamiyev[newcomer]
Why are Ossetians not Alans? Main, conflicts, folktterfacebook
December 15, 2017 63 Comments11 Likea-AA + In January 1995, North Ossetia received its current name "Republic of North Ossetia - Alania". In this form, the name of the region is entered in Article 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as the official name of one of the subjects of the Federation. The Constitution was adopted in 1993; In 1995, I had to make an appropriate amendment. The Ossetian lobby sold even a change in the country's constitution in favor of its pseudo-historical fantasies. And Moscow went to this, on the inertia phrase "take sovereignty as much as you can swallow." Once sovereignty can be swallowed, then the story can be rewritten and called yourself as you like. The cremev leadership did not pay attention to these "little things": the main thing was to preserve the power and the possibility of robbing people's wealth. If you do not interfere, then call at least a chuck, even by Alanen, at least Mrsiana. Not inferior "in the main thing" - in money and power, the Yeltsin administration easily distributed symbolic rights, privileges and lush names. Thus, the fake Ossetian-Alansky hypothesis received as part of state recognition, the status of official history and ideology.
I am very rude with the Ossetian-Alanian falsification, but only because it has become official, or rather, official. As one of the discussion hypotheses, the version that from the modern peoples of the Caucasus is Ossetians are the most close heirs of the ancient and medieval Alans are quite worthy of existence in science and in the literature. This hypothesis has a number of rationale and their own set of more or less convincing evidence; As in several other hypotheses there are substantiations and evidence. However, the real, serious, non-commissioned historical science did not come to a solid and unambiguous conclusion regarding Alans and continuity from Alanis among modern ethnic groups. It has not yet come and, maybe no longer comes, since the evidence of the centuries of the past are very limited and we can invent only new interpretations of existing sources. In this situation, the Ossetians "Alans", Ossetia "Alania", is the top of incorrectness, rudeness, populism, falsification and "administration" of history. Thus, all scientific doubts, objections, all other theories and a weighted academic view of history are recorded from the threshold. Instead of the story we get the Football Club "Alania" and the Republic of the same name.
In addition, the Ossetian-Alanian falsification is nothing more than inciting cross-ethnic hostility. No, I do not miss Retos, "Refusing" to Ossetians in the right to refer to the "Alans". And the implementers of falsification are put on hostility. I failed to convince your opponents, serious scientists, not only neighborhood peoples, but also Russian, and with worldwide names, defending out other views and continuing the scrupulous studies of linguistic and archaeological data, falsifiers took advantage of the "administrative resource" and conducted their version through the legislative bodies. The North Caucasus over the centuries was the birthplace of the great set of nations. In their constant historical joint life, the total North Caucasian culture was formed, a significant part of the distinguishing features of which is the common heritage and the common heritage of all the peoples of the North Caucasus. And privatization, the usurpation of the most important epochs of the historical life by the nationalist circles of one of the regions by no means contributes to friendship and mutual understanding between all the people inhabiting the lands of the North Caucasus.
As always, as everyone would seemingly distracted historical falsifications, this has its own very concrete political and territorial population. In 1992, a bloody Ossetian-Ingush conflict occurred. I do not want to maintain any of the sides of the coup
One of the peoples living in the North Caucasus is called Ossetians. It has rich and unique traditions. For many years, scientists are interested in the question: "Ossetians - Muslims or Christians?" To answer it, it is necessary to get acquainted with the history of the development of religiosity of this ethnos.
Ossetians in antiquity
The nationality of Ossetians has long been different names. For example, they themselves called "Iron Adam", and the country in which they lived, "Iriston". Georgians called their "OVSI", and the country, respectively, "Oviet".
From the first millennium, our era lived in the North Caucasus, in the Alanian Kingdom. Overall, Mongols and troops of Tamerlane strongly sweat greatly, after which their life line was very modified. Beating under the influence of Georgia, they began to change their lives, and with it and confessional affiliation. The people were quite difficult to live on new conditions and had to be prefabricated in the harsh mountains.
People who watched the life of Ossetians from the side very much, since their country was closed and inaccessible to the outside world because of the mountains shrouded in ice and snow, and even due to the presence of rocks and fleeting rivers. Because of the environment, the fertility of Ossetia is small: except for cereals, such as oats, wheat and barley, virtually nothing there will be born there.
Ossetians, whose religion from ancient times was considered to be Christian, today they are only considered those due to compliance with the Great Post, West Icons, faith to priests and churches. More in anything they do not have relation to Christianity. Previously, Ossetians revered many of the gods of natural elements and were looking for parallels between Christian Pantheon and Saints in Muslim. They often brought victims and Christian saints, such as Nicholas, Georgy Victorious, Archangel Mikhail and Oborrhe.
Appearance of Christianity in Ossetia
How became Christians of Ossetians? This religion came to them from Georgia in the XI-XIII centuries - this is according to official data, but not many know that the people met with this faith much earlier. And he entered their life she gradually.
Even in the 4th century, South Ossetians accepted Christianity from Western Georgia. But because of the weakening of faith after the Lasik's waste to Persians, the religious doctrine did not spread further. Again, Christianity declared himself when the Justian hike in Ossetia and Kabarda. It happened already in the VI century. With the activities of Justinian as a missionary, the churches began to be built, and bishops came from Greece. It is for this period that the dissent of the Ossetians to the elements of the Christian cult and the rites. But already in the VII century, the campaigns of Arabs conquerors began, which again suspended the development of Christianity.
Many centuries, religious life in Ossetia remained unstable. There were also Ossetian Christians, and those who adhered to Islamic faith. Both branches have become natives for them.
Research of Vera Ossetin
For many years, this people (Ossetians) adhered to both Christianity and Muslims. Despite the differences in denominations, rites were conducted together. In addition, they were interrelated with old beliefs. Today, North Ossetia has a community of 16 denominations. The researchers constantly monitor the residents of the country and their religion, their attention attracts the form and degree of influence of faith on the people.
Systematically study the beliefs of Ossetians became after the joining of Ossetia to Russia. It is representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church that began to observe as Ossetians, the faith of which was unstable, live, and what traditions are preferred. And the first studies began during missionary activities in the territory of this mountainous country.
Specificity of Faith Ossetin
Thanks to the traditional religion system, many centuries have developed the opinion of the people, which radically differed from monotheistic beliefs. Their faith is open and capable of taking completely new ideas and the views of other denominations. The specifics of the Ossetian religion is the tolerant attitude of this people as Christianity and to Islam. These are these are Ossetians. Muslims or Christians around - it doesn't matter for them. Despite the faith that relatives and friends take, these people relate to them equally, since Christianity and Islam were present in different times in the life of the people.
Manifestation of Christianity in Ossetia
The origins on the territory of Alanya could not be studied as well as the arrival of Christianity. There are some discrepancies among scientists. The history of Ossetians suggests that the belief of the sons of Allah began to spread on these lands in the VII century, and other sources claim that Islam became "his" among Ossetians only in the XVIII century. Whatever it was, but it is reliably known that the fracture occurred precisely after the joining of Ossetia to Russia. Religious forms have been sharply transformed and adapted to the new rules. The Orthodox Church began to restore Christianity among Ossetians, although it was not easy to achieve missionaries to achieve the desired result.
Ossetians belonged to baptism as an act necessary for joining the Russian people, and were absolutely not interested in Christian dogmas and, naturally, did not adhere to rites. Several decades left for Ossetians to know the faith of Christ and joined church life. The creation of Christian schools was helped quite strongly, where popular education was happening.
Christianity and Islam began to develop in parallel after the joining of Ossetia to Russia. In some parts of the country, Islam applied, to the greater extent it concerns Western and eastern regions. There, people accepted him as the only religion.
The influence of Russia on the religion of Ossetians
Already at the first Orthodox Russian church, they declared a stronghold of counter-revolution. Subsequently, there were repression directed against the clergy. They stretched out for several decades, began to destroy the churches and temples. The Vladikavkaz diocese has already been crushed in the first 20 years of Soviet power. Ossetians, Christians or Muslims did not have a single faith. And already in 32-37 years, the second wave of repression was held, then Christianity and Muslim faith suffered. It was during these years in Ossetia that there were mass risks and closures of temples. For example, in Vladikavkaz from 30 cathedrals, only two who act today were survived.
In the 30s, the mosques that were in North Ossetia were destroyed. The best priests of various nationalities were subjected to persecution.
In Soviet times, it became very difficult to exist, but the Orthodox Vera remained traditional and numerous for indigenous Ossetians. Only by the 90s in Ossetia began to revive Islam, the communities began to register, recover the mosques. Until today, the consequences of old attacks and raids are felt. The priests do not have professional special training, the literature necessary for worship, is practically no. This affects the work of Muslim communities. There were attempts to invite young people who were educated in Egypt and in Saudi Arabia, but they led to poor consequences, since, together with them in the Caucasus, an unfamiliar and unusual people began to appear the doctrine of Salafiya.
Modern Ossetia
In the modern world, its new forms began to appear due to the transformation of religion, which are very far from tradition. Culture Ossetians is also subject to change. Under the guise of recovery of the National Ossetian religion there are attempts to create new currents that can become an alternative to Islam and Christianity. They are defined as non-language. Three such communities in the Republic of Ossetia have already been registered. They try to create a republican organization.
Today, Ossetia has become a small state with a territory of almost 4,000 square meters. km and small population. After the August war with Georgia, Ossetians began to live safely. Georgians left them, but at the same time, the people became very vulnerable. The borders of South Ossetia and Georgia are under the rigid control of the Russian government. Russia specially created border management in South Ossetia. After the war with Georgia, the country is very slowly restored, and its capital Tskhinval has recently begun to truly reconstruct.
Pentecostals and communities of Ossetia
The situation that pretended to religion is rather sore way. Only the Tskhinvalian synagogue survived after the atheism of the Soviet era, and acts to today, however, it was redone under the Jewish cultural center. Nowadays, the Jews have become massively leaving Ossetia and return to Israel, so the synagogue began to work for the Ossetian Pentecostals. But now there is only part of the building, which was from behind, because in the anterior they conducted the worship of the Jews. There are six more communities of Pentecostals throughout Ossetia.
Many representatives of the Ossetian intelligentsia accepted their faith, and worship for convenience are conducted both in Russian and in local languages. Although the Pentecostal today is not officially registered, they are absolutely free and engaged in their own business. This flow occupied a strong position in the public structure of the United Church of Christians with the faith of the Gospel.
Ossetians today
A considerable part of Ossetians to this day is true to traditional beliefs. Different villages of the republic have their own sanctuary and chapels. To date, the Ossetia is restored and reconstructed. Due to the unsatisfactory socio-political situation, many citizens left the country, and those who remained, live on a small salary. People are very hard to engage in construction or acquire the necessary food, since Russia's customs services continue to work in the same scheme as before the war with Georgia. Culture Ossetians does not quickly develop enough, so far they have no opportunity to get a good education and achieve something in life. And it is despite the fact that Ossetia is rich in non-ferrous metals, they have a wonderful wood, the textile industry is reborn. The state may begin to develop and become one of the most modern, but this will take a lot of effort and the new government.
Religion Ossetian today
The history of the people is quite complex, the situation with religion is likely. Who are such Ossetians - Muslims or Christians? It is very difficult to say. North Ossetia remained closed for research, and not so much is known about it. Experts estimated that approximately 20% of the population in the north are the faithful Sons of Allah. Mostly religion this began to rise after many young people of North Ossetia began mainly in the form of Wahhabism. Some people think as if the clergy wants to keep the Muslim religious activities under control, and that it itself is rigidly controlled by the FSB, although it is secretly.
Religion and nationality
South Ossetia has become a refuge for different peoples - Ossetians and Georgians, Russians and Armenians, as well as Jews. In large quantities left the country due to the conflict of the 90s and began to live in Russia. Mostly it is North Ossetia - Alanya. Georgians, in turn, massively drove to their homeland. Orthodox faith, despite all the peripetics, began to prevail among the Ossetians.
Communication of culture and religion
Culture Ossetians is constantly developing, but the people try to adhere to old traditions and teaches this new younger generation. For residents of Ossetia absolutely no matter what religion from their relatives and neighbors. The main thing is a good attitude towards each other and mutual understanding, and God is one for everyone. Thus, it does not matter who is Ossetians - Muslims or Christians. For spiritual and mental development in the republic, museums and theaters, libraries and educational institutions are open. The state is constantly working on the rise of the economy and other areas.
Back in 1822, Claprot expressed the opinion that Ossetians were the descendants of Alans (they are also wasps and yas, depending on the sources). Further locations confirmed the assumption that the ancestors of Ossetians were among the Alanians, and the Iranian origin of the latter was understood and their relationship with Sarmatians. Ossetians constitute the rest of the once numerous Iranian tribe, which occupied a significant space in the North Caucasus, and in the Black Sea. The Ossetian names of rivers, gorges, passages, mountains, and so on are still preserved in the field of Upper Kuban, the Ossetian names of rivers, gorges, passages, mountains, and so on, testifying that these places were inhabited by their ancestors.
Observation of the Type of Mountain Tatars, the study of their legends and customs leads to the conviction that the Tatars caught here the indigenous Ossetian population. Ossetian ancestors lived even further to the West, on the lower reaches of Kuban and Don, who retained his Ossetian name (Don - in Ossetian water, river). The antiquity of Iranian settlements in the south-east of Russia goes back to the times of Greek Black Sea colonies. In the Greek inscriptions of Tiras, Olvia, Pantikapey and especially Tanaida, there are amongst personal names, many Iranian, pointing to the presence of a significant Iranian element in the local population. Linguistic analysis of these names made it possible to understand some of the phonetic laws of the Sarmatian language and establish its special relationship with Ossetian.
The historical data on the fate of the ancestors serve as a few written evidence of Asian Sarmatians, Alans, as well as the scarce instructions of the Russian chronicle of the Jasa. The nearest southern cultural neighbors of Ossetians, Georgians, also retained in their annals several evidence of OSS raids in Transcaucasia. Armenian historian Moses Harensky knows Osov under the name Alan, under which they were known and Byzantine historians. In the Georgian chronicle, the OSS is depicted by the people with strong, numerous, put out several tens of thousands of riders for raids. Ossetian kings and related unions are mentioned between the royal house (Bagratiov) and Ossetian.
The power of Ossetians, weakened in the north of the Caucasus Russian, (Casta) and Polovtsy, was finally undermined by Tatar pogrom during the times of Genghis Khan. Ossetians were forced to pay tribute to Tatars. In the north, Tatars took part of the Ossetian territory, and finally locked the network in the mountains. Digorscans, Tagaurpets and part of the Kurtetans were the danutors of the Kabardians even at the beginning of the XIX century. South Ossetians, before such a formidable for, obeyed the influence of Georgians and became a fortress dependence on the Georgian feudals of Eritian and Machabel. The waters of the Russian rule was favorable for O., found in the Russian government support on the one hand against the Kabardians, on the other against the oppression of the highest estate and Georgian princes. Due to incitement from the latter among southern Ossetians, unrest occurred, but the measures of the government and the activities of the missionaries were increasingly more and more closed Ossetians with Russians. In 1866-67 Made in Ossetia, the liberation of the fortress classes from the authorities of the landowners.
After the revolution, there is a massive resettlement of Ossetians. In 1922, the South Ossetian Autonomous Republic was formed, which became part of the Georgian SSR, two years later, the North Ossetian Republic was formed, which in 1936 was transformed into the North Ossetian ASSR. In 1990, a declaration on the sovereignty of the Republic of North Ossetia (now North Ossetia - Alania) was adopted. South Ossetia became part of.
Ossetians - the people in Russia, the main population of North and South Ossetia, also live in Kabardino-Balkaria (10 thousand people), in Karachay-Cherkessia (4 thousand people). The total number of 402 thousand people in Russia. Before conquering Kabardians, Russians, Ossetians lived exclusively in the mountains. Hoping the Kabardians from the mountains, the Russian government allowed to settle on the plane.
Ossetians are a viable tribe that is rapidly increasing in its number since it is delivered to more favorable economic conditions. According to 1833, all Ossetians, only 35,750 people were listed; According to the 60s, the North Ossetians were listed 46802, southern - 19324 people. B1880, 58926 people were already in North Ossetia, in South - 51988.
According to the observations of Dr. Gilchenka, Northern Ossetians in most (almost 64%) dark-headas and dark affairs; The skin color is dark, the forehead is straight, wide, with well-developed frontal horses and weakly developed abnormal arcs; The nose is quite large, outstanding, straight; Mouth is small, with straight, thin lips. Growth in most high; Shoulders and basin of considerable width.
On the plane of Ossetians live in Mazanka or whitewashed huts; In the mountains where there is no forest, or it is difficult to access, the Ossetian sacli add up of stones without cement and mostly plunged with one side to the rock. Sometimes part of the side walls is also formed by the mountain.
The main part of the National Ossetian house is a large common room, kitchen and dining room together. All day there is a rough thing in it, since Ossetian has no certain time for food, and family members eat not all together, and first the elders, then the younger. In the middle of the room, the focus is placed on which the copper or cast iron boiler hangs on the iron chain. The focus is a center, about whom the family is going. The iron chain attached to the ceiling at the chimney is the most sacred subject of the house: approaching the hearth and touched the chain becomes close to the family. Insulting the chain (for example, having worn out of the house) was considered for the family of the greatest offend, followed by a blood revenge.
As the family expands (sections between married brothers in parents - a rare phenomenon), new sacli and economic buildings are attached to the house. All buildings are covered with flat roofs, which are often produced by sharpening bread, drying grain.
Ossetian clothing is not different from the general standard, Gorskaya: men have the same shirts, Beshmets, Circassies, cloths from cloth or canvas or beam; Women have long shirts to heaters, harslers and stem or naked half-cups with a narrow neckline on the chest. Winter headdress - barish high hat (dad), summer - felt hat. The headdress of women makes the caps of different types and shawls. Men in clothing prefer colors dark brown and black, women - blue, blue and scarlet.
The main food of Ossetians, differing in generally moderation, bread - from barley, corn, wheat, millet, also eats of milk and cheese. Meat they eat only on holidays and at the arrival of guests. The main occupations of Ossetians in the mountains, where there are fat pastures - cattle breeding and agriculture, crafts are poorly developed.
The main ethical principles, giving life of Ossetians - respect for olders by age, blending and hospitality. Every Ossetian considers it a duty to get up at the entrance of the elder and welcome it, at least he was lower origin; Adult sons do not have the right to sit in the presence of a father, the owner cannot sit in front of the guest without his permission, etc. In general, family and social relations are determined by strict etiquette and peculiar concepts about decency, often to extremely shiven.
The custom of blemination, who was sacred before, but now almost eradicated, led to constant wars between individual names and significantly reduced the number of the Ossetian tribe. Hospitality is still an outstanding line. With greater sincerity and welcome, it is observed in places, less than the European culture being touched. The marriage was founded until recently exclusively on the payment of Calyme (IrRe), which the groom should have acquired independently. Calma size was determined by the dignity of the bride and entering into kinship of families. In some places, part of Calyma, and sometimes all calm goes to the girlfriend. The wedding in Ossetians is furnished by many rites that retain interesting antiquities.
Between the funeral rites, the so-called dedication of the horse dedicated to the dead man committed on the grave and commemoration deserve attention. The goal of the first rite - so that the dead man had a horse in the afterlife and could reach the place of the appointed one safely. Commemoration consist in abundant treats not only relatives, but of all one-union and aliens, in honor of the deceased, and the so-called great commemorations are sometimes accompanied by jumping and shooting in the target for prizes issued by the family of the deceased. At the commemoration of Ossetians, they look at the feeding of the dead ancestors, believing that food eaten on the commemoration reaches them. Taking Christianity, Ossetians perform some rituals, hold posts and holidays, visit the church, mention the name of Christ and some of the saints, but at the same time they will cope with the former pagan rites, they pronounce the praying to their aole and family shrines, bring victims - Baranov, Kozlov , bulls. In the rites of Ossetians, traces of staggered Christianity, mixed with the oldest paganism, are also visible.
Significant interest is the People's Literature Oh., Especially their legends about the heroes called nate. Some types and plots of the Ossetian Nartovsky epic are found in the testes of Kabardians and. The latter, apparently, borrowed some stories in Ossetians, who themselves received something from the Kabardians. In the Ossetian Nartov Epos, also penetrated from the Transcaucasia, through Georgians, some plots related to the Persian rich rusty rusthem, the hero of almost well-known in the Caucasus. In addition to epic tales, Ossetians have a lot of songs, especially satirical and humorous, which are also easy to develop, as forgotten and replaced by new ones. People and play on musical instruments are widespread.
