Pyongyang: The capital, about which they almost do not speak. Between the first and second. North Korea to Summit in Hanoi Pyongyang Which country

History and geography Based 2333 BC e. Former names Wangomson, Ryuong, Kison,
Hwanson, Nannan, Begun,
Sodo, Hojen, Chain, Hagezo Area 315 km² Center height 29 M. Timezone UTC + 9: 00 Population Population 4 138 187 people (2010) Digital identifiers Telephone code +850 2 xxxxxxxx

Pyongyang (Cor. 평양, 平壤, Phenyang) - Capital (North Korea). Pyongyang is an administrative, cultural and historical center of the country.

In 1946, the city was brought out of the province of Pxenan-Namo and received the status of direct subordination - the administrative status of the province.

The word "Pyongyang" (on the system of Conveyors is transcribed on Cyrillic as Phenyang) The Korean language means "wide earth", "cozy area".

Geography

The city is located on the shores of the Tadongan River (Tadon) near her sign in the yellow sea. Another river flowing through the city is Potchonghan.

Forms a separate administrative unit with the status of the province.

The population of modern Pyongyang with suburbs exceeds 4 million people. The absolute majority of the inhabitants are Koreans. Almost all residents of the city speak Korean.

Climate

The climate in the city is monsoon with a sharp manifestation of different times of the year and a clear delimitation of the seasons of drought and rain. Although Korea is located in low latitudes and from three sides is surrounded by marine pools, its climate is more severe than in a number of countries located in the same latitude. In winter, powerful streams of cold dry air, coming from Transbaikalia and Mongolia, bring dry clear weather and frost to the Korean peninsula. In the summer, the territory of the country is under the influence of oceanic air masses bringing an abundant atmospheric moisture. During the three summer months, 50-60% of the annual rainfall standards falls. The average annual temperature is +10.6 ° C. The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is about -6 ° C, the roast (August) - about +25 ° C. Per year falls on average 933 millimeters of precipitation.

Compared to Pyongyang climate, the rainfall is somewhat less falling.

Climate Pyongyana
Indicator	Jan.	Feb.	March	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sen.	Oct.	November	Dec.	Year
Absolute maximum, ° C	10	16	21,4	28,4	33,9	35,8	36,9	37,8	32,2	28	23,2	15	37,8
Middle Maximum, ° C	−0,9	2,9	9,1	17,5	23	27,1	28,6	29,2	25,1	18,5	9,5	1,8	16
Middle temperature, ° C	−6	−2,4	3,5	11	16,9	21,5	24,3	24,6	19,6	12,5	4,4	−2,8	10,6
Middle minimum, ° C	−10,3	−6,9	−1,3	5,6	11,7	17	21	21,1	15,1	7,6	0,3	−6,6	6,2
Absolute minimum, ° C	−26,5	−23,4	−16,1	−6,1	2,2	7	12	12,8	3,6	−6	−14	−22,8	−26,5
The rate of precipitation, mm	11	14	27	47	76	85	268	202	111	40	37	16	933
Source: Weather and Climate

History

Chronology

According to Legend, Pyongyang was founded in 2334 BC, called Wangomson (Cor. 왕검성, 王儉城) and was the capital of the ancient Kochoson state. However, this date is controversial and not recognized by many historians who believe that the city was founded at the beginning of our era.

In 108 BC e. The Han Dynasty conquered a pochoson, founding several military districts in his place. The capital of one of them, District Nannan (락랑국), was founded near the modern Pyongyang. Nannan was one of the prevailing forces in the region until he was conquered in 313 in charge of the power of Cogware.

In 427, Van Kogouro was transferred to Pyongyang to the capital of the state. In 668, the Korean state of Silla in the Union with the Chinese dynasty Tan conquered Kogouro. The city entered the staff of Silla, remaining on the border with the Northern neighbor - Parhe. Dynasty Korea came to change Silla. During this period, Pyongyang strengthened his influence and was renamed to the begins (서경; 西京; "Western Capital"), although, in fact, the capital of Korea Pyongyang was never. In the era of the Coson dynasty was the capital of Pxhendo Province, and from 1896 and until the end of Japanese colonial rule was the capital of Pxhen-Namdo.

In 1945, Korea became independent and Pyongyang got into the zone of influence of the Soviet Union, becoming the temporary capital of the state formed in the north of the Korean Peninsula (the permanent capital was then considered "temporarily" separated from the country). During the Korean War, the city was significantly injured as a result of air bombing; From October to December 1950, he was engaged in the UN troops. After the war, it was quickly restored.

Historical names

For its history, Pyongyang changed many names. One of them was Ryuong ( 류경, 柳京 ), or "IVVA CAPITAL", since at that time a lot of Yves grew throughout the city, which was reflected in the medieval Korean literature. Currently, many ventricular trees are also growing in the city, and the word "Ryugen" is often found on the city map (see Ryuhen Hotel). Other names of the city at different times were Kison, Hwans, Nannan, Sogin, Sodo, Hojen, Chain. During the Japanese colonial rule, the city was known as Haysend (Japanese pronunciation of Chinese hieroglyphs 平壌 in the title of Pyongyang recorded with Hanech).

Administrative division

Street Changwan (Pyongyang).

Pyongyang is divided into 19 districts ( 구역 kuyuk) and 1 county ( 군 kun.). Their Russified Names are shown below with the names on Hangle and Hanech:

Mangyönd-Guy ( 만경대구역, 萬景台區域 )
Moranbon-guy ( 모란봉구역, 牡丹峰區域 )
Potchonghan-buzz ( 보통강구역, 普通江區域 )
Pyonchon-Guyuk ( 평천구역, 平川區域 )
Nannan-Guyuk ( 락랑구역, 樂浪區域 )
Yokpho-Guyuk ( 력포구역, 樂浪區域 )
Jonson-Guy ( 룡성구역, 龍城區域 )
Sadon-Guyuk ( 사동구역, 寺洞區域 )
Samsk-Kuyuk ( 삼석구역, 三石區域 )
Songoy-Guyuk ( 선교구역, 船橋區域 )
Sosuen-buzz ( 서성구역, 西城區域 )
Sunan-Guyuk ( 순안구역, 順安區域 )
Tondevon-Guyuk ( 동대원구역, 東大院區域 )
Tadongan-Guyuk ( 대동강구역, 大同江區域 )
Teason Guyuk ( 대성구역, 大城區域 )
Hёnjesan-buzz ( 형제산구역, 兄弟山區域 )
Chun-buzz ( 중구역, 中區域 )
Ypjon-Guyuk ( 은정구역, 恩情區域 )

Kandon ( 강동군, 江東郡 )

Economy

Pyongyang Department Store number 1

Along with the special regions of the country (blueju and), Pyongyang is the Economic Center for North Korea.

One of the industrial enterprises of the capital is a plant for the production of rolling stock for railways - Locomotive factory Kim Chounthe. Also in the city there is a Pyongyang trolleybus plant.

There is also a "Pyongyang Chewing Gum Factory" (Cor. 평양 껌 공장)which was founded in October 2003; Production area was 4,400 m². The factory was located on a land plot of 11,900 m² in the Rallan area. Its annual production capacity was 1200 tons. In 2008, the plant moved to a new place in the Central District of Pyongyang.

Retail

Pyongyang is located several large department stores, including the Universal Store "Pothotongan", Pyongyang Department Store No. 1, Pyongyang Department Store No. 2, Kwanbok Department Store, Department Store "Ragvon" and Pyongyang Children's department store.

The city also features a network of state stores " Hwangempol"Where goods are sold at prices lower than in agricultural markets Jangmadang.

Transport

Pyongyang Metropolitan. Train from West Berlin cars of the D series at Pukhyn station

Pyongyang tram

The city has a Pyongyang Metropolitan with two lines, having a total length of 22.5 km. Pyongyang metro was commissioned on September 6, 1973. The stations are spacious, columns are marble, on the walls of large mosaic paintings, painting, relief images showing life and nature in Korea. Currently there are two lines and sixteen stations. Metro - deep down. Metro cars - two types: West German production of the D series (1957-1965 of the release), operating since 1999, and Chinese models DK4 (1972-1973 release), operating since the year of the foundation (1973). From 1997 to 2001, the cars of the GI production series of the GI production of the 1970s and 1980s of the release were operated. A feature of the Pyongyang Metro is the lighting of escalator mines not with chandeliers or vertical lamps, but with luminous walls of the escalator. In the end of each car - portraits Kim Il Sen and Kim Jong Ira.

Also in the city there is a trolleybus and tram transport. Trolleybus movement was open on April 30, 1962. The tram movement existed before the Korean War of 1950-1953, after which the tram was not restored. The modern Pyongyang tram system was built "from scratch", the tram movement opened almost three decades after starting the trolleybus, April 12, 1991, which is a rare case in world practice.

Number of personal cars compared to most world capitals, small, although officials use a large Limousine Park Mercedes-Benz..

There is a state airline " Air Koryo."By flying from Sunan Airport (PEK), (She), (BKK) and (VVO). There are also non-permanent charter flights to (MFM), (ICN), Janang (YNY) and some cities. " Air Koryo.»Also serves several internal flights.

The international railway communication is valid between Pyongyan and China's capitals and as well. The road to Beijing takes 25 hours of 25 minutes (2-3 cattle cars next to the Beijing area - Dandong with the train K27 / K28, on the Dandong - Pyongyang plot with the North Korean train on Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays); The road to Moscow takes 7 days, and the passage of the train to Russia since 2011 is allowed only to citizens of the DPRK, traveling to Russia.

Tourism

In view of the almost complete isolation of the country from the rest of the world, tourism in Pyongyang is not strong. Most of the tourists come from China. To obtain a visa to the DPRK, it is necessary to apply in the official diplomatic or tourist representation of the DPRK no earlier than 20 days before departure. In special cases, a visa can be obtained at the transition site on the border with the DPRK. A tourist visa, in general, can receive anyone, with the exception of journalists, residents and South Korea.

The importation of literature on North and South Korea is prohibited in North Korea (except to published in the DPRK), pornography, propagandist literature. It is forbidden to photograph military facilities, as well as attend most of the attractions in informal clothing.

Until recently, the importation of mobile phones for foreigners was banned, but at the beginning of 2013, this ban was removed.

Culture

Pyongyang is the cultural capital of North Korea. It contains all the leading institutions of the country's culture, from here is a cultural exchange with other countries. In particular, in November 2005, in Pyongyang, the representatives of the Northern Korean and the Russian embassy were signed "a plan of cultural and scientific exchange for 2005-2007. Between the governments of the DPRK and the Russian Federation. " Among the population is active propaganda of national culture and art. Even the Research Institute of Korean National Music and Choreography (Niiknch), which is located in the Pyongyang International House of Culture.

There are several cultural institutions in the city. Among them can be noted:

Moranbon Theater is the first theater built in the country after World War II. In December 2004, the reconstruction of the theater, which ended in 2005, began on the personal indication of Kim Jong Ira.
Pyongyang cultural and exhibition complex opened in 1998. Here are exhibitions of artists and photo artists, as well as book new products, ranging from ancient Buddhist texts and ending with the works of Kim Il Sen and Kim Jong Ira. Also in this complex are the expositions of Korean applied art - pottery, embroidery, mosaic, etc.
The State Symphony Orchestra of Korea, created in August 1946. The repertoire includes mainly national works (patriotic and glorifying leaders of the country) and the classic from the Russian opera and ballet. Total in the Orchestra program more than 140 musical works.
Art Theater Mansud.
House of culture "April 25".
Pyongyang Big Theater.
Eastophenyang Big Theater.
Central home youth.
Art Theater Pohs.
Pyongyang Central Zoo.
Pyongyang Circus.
Circus of the People's Army.
The People's Palace of Studies.
Pyongyang International Culture House.
Pyongyang International Cinema.
Museum of the Korean Revolution.
Victory Museum in the Domestic Liberation War.
Exhibition of achievements of three revolutions.
Pavilion Kimircenii and Kimheniriy.
Korean art gallery.
Central Historical Museum of Korea.
Ethnographic Museum of Korea.

sights

Monument of the foundation of the Korea Labor Party

Monument Kim Il Sayu and Kim Jong Iru on the hill of Mansud

During the Korean War (1950-1953), the city was very affected and subsequently was almost completely rebuilt. The new planning provided wider streets, a large number of monuments and monumental structures. The architecture of the city largely resembles the architecture of the Soviet type.

The highest building in the city is Ryuong Hotel 332 m (105 floors), the total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises of which is 360 thousand m². The construction of this hotel, begun in 1987 and suspended in the 1990s, from 2008 continues with the participation of foreign companies.

April 15, 1961, on the occasion of the 49th anniversary of Kim Il Song, the monument was opened on Chhatsonmungori Street Chollima"(Letters: « Horse Thousand Lee "), according to the plan of sculptors, symbolizing the will of the people to epochable achievements in the field of construction of socialism, the movement" pace Chollima"To the prosperity of their homeland. The height of the monument is 46 meters, the height of the sculpture itself is 14 meters. The horse saddled the worker holding in the hands of a "red letter" from the Central Committee of the Korea Labor Party, and the peasant. The front hooves of the horse are fixed in the sky, and he will be repeated from the clouds.

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of Kim Il Senya, a triumphal arch was opened in April 1982. Gate height - 60 meters, width 52.5 meters. Arch height - 27 meters, width - 18.6 meters. On the gate, the words "songs about the commander Kim Il Seine" and the dates "1925" and "1945", denoting the year of "Entry of Kim Il Shenya on the path of Renaissing the Motherland" and the year of his "Triumphal Return to Motherland" after its release from the Japanese (15 August 1945).

Also to the 70th anniversary of Kim Il Song on the banks of the Tadongan River, the monument of the Juche idea was opened (height - 170 meters). On the front and back of the monument are the gold letters folded into the word "chuchhe". At the top of the post - a torch with a height of 20 meters, which symbolizes the "great and unclear triumph of the Juche idea". In the dark time with the help of the backlight, fire is mimic. Before the post there is a 30-meter sculptural group: a worker with a hammer, a peasant with a sickle and an intellectual with a brush. Crossing hammer, sickle and brush are the Emblem of the Korea Labor Party. On the back of the pedestal in Niche, there is a wall collected from more than two hundred marble and granite slabs sent by the heads of many countries of the world and famous politicians.

One of the most famous places in Pyongyang is the Square name Kim Il Siena. The parades of the Korean People's Army, demonstrations, mass gymnastic and dance performances on public holidays are held here.

In the very center of Pyongyang, on the hill, Mansa (where the Pyongyang fortress was previously located) there is a monumental sculptural ensemble, the so-called "big monument", known primarily by a 70-meter sculpture Kim Il Sen. Opened in April 1972 on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the leader. It is curious that standing by Kim Il Saint indicates a hand "In the bright tomorrow", south, towards Seoul. Behind the bronze statue is the Korean Revolution Museum, open in the same year, on the wall of which a huge mosaic panel of Mount Packtusan. Its length is 70 meters, the height is about 13. Panno symbolizes revolutionary traditions, since on the Mount Pack, located on the border with China, according to legends, there was a command of command, where in the years of Antiappon struggle and worked by Kim Il Saint.

In 2012, the "big monument" underwent capital restructuring. The statue of Kim Il Sayna "changed" from Franch and Sineli in a suit with a tie and coat, the expression of the face with a calm changed to smiling, glasses appeared. The updated monument personifies the aged Kim Il Sen. On the left hand from the statue of Kim Il Sang, a new monument appeared a little less - a monument to his deceased son Kim Jong Iru, also cheerfully laughing. The solemn discovery took place on April 13, 2012, on the eve of the birthday of Kim Il Sena - one of the most important holidays in the DPRK.

On February 8, 2018, a parade and rally, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Army, a day before the official opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in South Korea, took place in Pyongyang's Square of the DPRK.

Pyongyang also contains several immortality towers, obeliskov installed in memory of Kim Ire Seine and Kim Jong Ira throughout North Korea and abroad. Monuments are located on the streets of Kumson, Sonny, Saleslim and Kwanbok.

Other famous architectural attractions of Pyongyang are the monument of the founding of the Korea Labor Party, the Liberation Monument, built after World War II, and the Arch of Reunification.

Education

In Pyongyang there are a number of leading universities of the country:

University of Kim Il Sen;
Polytechnic University named after Kim Chkeka;
Institute of Light Industry named after Khan Dock Su.

Sport

Pyongyang sports facilities include two stadiums that are among the largest in the world - the "Stadium named after Kim Il Shenya" - 70,000 spectators, 48th in terms of capacity in the world, and the "May 16 Stadium" - the world's largest in the world, with a capacity in 150,000 viewers.

media

TV channels:

"Central Television of the DPRK";
"Renmansan";
"MansudE";
"Sport".

Radio stations:

FM - 93.8, 99.75, 105.2 MHz;
SV - 657, 819, 865, 1368 kHz;
KV - 2.85, 3.97, 6.25 MHz.

"Pyongyang News";
"Pyongyang Time."

Cities-twigrics

Gallery

View of Pyongyang from the top of the Buchet Tower in 2012: Hotel "Yangacdo", River Tadongan, Tadongo Bridge, Korean Museum of Arts, Square named after Kim Il Shenya, People's Palace of Studies, Central Historical Museum of Korea, Ryugen Hotel, Residential Array on MansudEkkore Street , Bridge Onyugo, Park Moranbon, Pyongyang Tenerbashnya, Stadium of the Name named May 1.

Monument of Korean Union

Memorial cemetery of revolutionaries on Mount Taison

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Pyongyang It is the capital, as well as its cultural and historical center. Translated from the Korean language, its name sounds like "Wide Earth". The opinions of historians will greatly differ about the time of the occurrence of the city. Some believe that it was founded more than two thousand years ago, and, according to others, only at the beginning of our era. Pyongyang is located on the banks of the Tadongan River, which flows into the Yellow Sea. The capital of North Korea gives a complete picture of the culture and traditions of this country, and also allows you to fully appreciate the idealized version of the socialist building on the example of the state where it is established in full compliance with generally accepted canons.

Features

Being the main prototype of the socialist state, the city is fully consistent with the appearance, which is drawn in the imagination of people who represent all aspects and the main criteria for which the People's Democratic Republic lives. During the Korean War, which occurred in the middle of the last century, the capital of the state was almost completely destroyed and almost recreated a few years later. In the modern architecture of the city, traditional Asian features prevail, but at the same time there are many high-tech structures built on the prototype of famous European samples. There are quite a lot of interesting attractions, educational and municipal institutions. In North Korea Pyongyang is known for the abundance of cultural monuments, museums and theaters. For many years, the city administration has been actively promoted by high moral values, attracting citizens to cultural life and massive measures aimed at increasing patriotism and national pride. Well developed in the capital and various sports. All residential areas are equipped with modern sports fields and excellent opportunities for physical education and sports have been created.

Tourism

An ordinary tourist from Europe to get to Pyongyang has now become a little simpler than in the mid-80s, the beginning of the 90s of the last century. Then North Korea, was an absolutely closed country and, although the locals always relate to foreigners, the North Korean authorities did not encourage such visits at all. In general, a kind of analogue of the Soviet Union. Now, to get a visa, it is enough to submit an application to any North Korean embassy for a minimum three weeks before departure. In this case, it is not necessary for an American, a South Korean or a journalist. Due to the rather long period of the Iron Curtain, Tourism in Pyongyang did not develop at all, but in recent years new hotels have become rapid to appear in the city, began to progress the tourist infrastructure.

Brief excursion in history

Pyongyang changed a lot of titles for its history: Rügen, Kison, Hwanson, Ranannan, Sogin, Sodo, Hojen, Chain and Hayjo (in times of Japanese colonization). There is a controversial view that in ancient times the city was the capital of the state of the Kochoson. In 427, the capital of the state of Cogware was transferred to Pyongyang, and two centuries later the Korean clocks of Silla won Cogware in the Union with the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of the dynasty, Korea Pyongyang strengthened his influence, but did not become the capital of this state. Korea became independent in 1945, and Pyongyang became the temporary capital of the DPRK, although this status officially occupied Seoul. In the days of the Korean War, Pyongyang suffered greatly from bombing, but was rapidly restored including due to the help of the Soviet Union.

Climate

As with the entire Korean Peninsula, Mussonomonic climate reigns in Pyongyang, with clearly separated seasons. Most of the precipitation falls from June to September, while the average air temperature is only +20 degrees. In winter, snow falls extremely rarely, and the thermometer column often drops below zero.

How to get

From Russia in Pyongyang can be reached by flights through Beijing. Direct flights are only from Vladivostok, which exercise Air Koryo, flight time is 35 minutes.

Sunan International Airport, IATA: FNJ International Airport is 24 km north of Pyongyang.

Transport

The city has a well-developed transport connection. At the same time, personal cars on the streets of the city are very small, but regularly and on schedule walks trolley buses, trams and buses. The metro stations are working smoothly.

Attractions and entertainment

One of the main architectural attractions of Pyongyang is Arch Treyha Chartine, symbolizing the unity of South and North Korea. She is located on Tonyr Avenue, at the southern entrance to the capital. Not far from the arch is located park Caeson, in the center of which the impressive city television bash is towers. Outwardly, it looks very much like the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, apparently was made by her likeness. At an altitude of more than one hundred meters, at the top of the structure, a rotating restaurant is located, from which, through transparent windows, a wonderful view of urban landscapes is located. For local residents of this relic, it serves a statue Kim Il Sena On the hill mansu. The bronze leader stands in the speaker's position, lifting one hand up, and with interest looks at the modern city. The height of the statue reaches 70 meters. The townspeople regularly come here and lay flowers to the monument of the leader of the people, while constantly putting the statue that some kind of deity from the old Korean myths is worth it. However, such attitude towards the leaders of the Korean nation is characterized by the Soviet citizens of the time of stagnation. Until now, in Korean schools and higher educational institutions, young people are given an idealized idea of \u200b\u200bthe political stroke and people here, which established it.

All Pyongyang was literally forced by all sorts of monuments and monuments relating to either ideological leaders, ki Menese and Kim Jong Iru, or dedicated to those or other events that influenced the socialist status of North Korea. The most majestic of them is the monument of Juche ideas, built in 1982. It is a massive obelisk of 170 meters high, the top of which decorates an elegant torch with artificial illumination. At the foot of the obelisk is a sculptural group from representatives of three social classes: a worker, peasant and employment intellectual. There are several similar sculptures around the main composition, combined with beautiful fountains. The whole architectural project looks particularly impressive in the evening of the day with illumination of spotlights.

Borrowing not too much area, Pyongyang is replete with a whole scolding of all sorts of attractions and objects worthy of attention. Among them are museums, theaters, memorials, cultural palaces and various art exhibitions. There is not a single street or alley, wherever there is a place, at least one of these institutions. In the world, the capital of North Korea is known as one of the safest cities on the planet. Walking around the city quarters is difficult to disagree. The schedule of a working day is painted in the citizens literally a minute. Streets begin to fill out at 7 am, and at a certain evening, people also diverge home. On weekends, citizens go to the streets of families, and the local parks are filled with a large number of people. At the same time there are no traffic jams, no congestion nor accidents. It seems that there is no place for crimes, and people live on a long-standing schedule without the lowest need to change anything.

Accommodation

Usually, the tourist firm engaged in the organization of tours is engaged in issuing issues. Pyongyang has hotels of all categories. The highest building in the country is a 105-storey hotel.

Kitchen

You can get acquainted with local dishes. The hotel's restaurant can also have several tables in the city, which are designed for local workers, and the menu is quite limited. There are several restaurants that are suitable for tourists - Chongryu, located on the banks of the Poison River, there is a good choice of traditional Korean dishes. Some of the best comprehensive dinners in the restaurant Haedanghwa. On the banks of the Tadon River is one of the oldest restaurants Okryu. The first Italian restaurant in Pyongyang is Pyolmuri, where you can order pizza, pasta and even Italian wine.

Shopping

The range of products is extremely limited, you can find things a bit and in department stores interesting for shopping. Art objects and crafts can be bought in hotels in hotel stores. One of the most desirable souvenirs for tourists is the icon with the image of one of the rulers of Korea, but to purchase their foreigners is extremely difficult, even more difficult to take out of the country, therefore it is recommended not to risk. The city has markets where food and other goods are sold, prices for Western standards are extremely low.

Precautions

Pyongyang is a very safe city for foreigners, you only need to follow the rules of behavior.

Pyongyang is the capital of the Korean People's Democratic Republic (North Korea). Pyongyang is an administrative, cultural and historical center of the country. The word "Pyongyang" (according to the Konsevich system is transcribed to Cyrillic as Phenyang) in the Korean language means "Wide Earth", "cozy area". In 1946, the city was derived from Pxenan-Namdo province and received the status of direct subordination (Chikhailsi) - the administrative status of the provincial level.

Information

Country: DPRK
Former names: Wangomson, Ryuong, Kison, Hwanson, Nannan, Beajun, Sodo, Hojen, Chain, Hagezo
Area: 1 578 km²
Population: 4 138 187 people (2010)
All times are: UTC +8: 30
Phone Code: +850

Geography

Located on the shores of the Tadongan River (Tadon) near her sign in the yellow sea. Another river flowing through the city is Potchonghan. Forms a separate administrative unit with the status of the province. The population of modern Pyongyang with suburbs exceeds 4 million people. The absolute majority of the inhabitants are Koreans. Almost all residents of the city speak Korean.

Climate

The climate is monsoon with a sharp manifestation of different times of the year and a clear delimitation of the seasons of drought and rain. Although Korea is located in low latitudes and from three sides is surrounded by marine pools, its climate is more severe than in a number of countries located in the same latitude. In winter, powerful streams of cold dry air, coming from Transbaikalia and Mongolia, bring dry clear weather and frost to the Korean peninsula. In the summer, the territory of the country is under the influence of oceanic air masses bringing an abundant atmospheric moisture. During the three summer months, 50-60% of the annual rainfall standards falls. The average annual temperature is +10.6 ° C. The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is about -6 ° C, the roast (August) - about +25 ° C. Per year falls on average 933 millimeters of precipitation.
Compared to Seoul, Pyongyang climate is cooled, and precipitation falls somewhat less.

History

According to the legend, Pyongyang was founded in 2334 BC, called Wangomson. Was the capital of the Ancient Kochoson state. However, this date is controversial and not recognized by many historians who believe that the city was founded at the beginning of our era.
In 108 BC e. The Han Dynasty conquered a pochoson, founding several military districts in his place. The capital of one of them, Lolan County, was founded near the modern Pyongyang. Lolan was one of the dominant forces in the region until he was conquered in 313 by the power of Cogwn.
In 427, Van Kogouro was transferred to Pyongyang to the capital of the state. In 668, the Korean state of Silla in the Union with the Chinese dynasty Tan conquered Kogouro. The city entered the staff of Silla, remaining on the border with the Northern neighbor - Parhe. Dynasty Korea came to change Silla. During this period, Pyongyang strengthened his influence and was renamed to the begins (서경; 西京; "Western Capital"), although in fact the capital of Korea Pyongyang was never. In the era of the Chosen Dynasty was the capital of Pxheno Province, and from 1896 and before the end of the Japanese occupation was the capital of Pxhen-Namdo province.
In 1945, the period of the Japanese occupation was completed and Pyongyang got into the zone of influence of the Soviet Union, becoming the temporary capital of the DPRK state formed in the north of the Korean Peninsula (the permanent capital was considered Seoul, "temporarily" separated from the country). During the Korean War, he was seriously injured as a result of air bombing, from October to December 1950, he was engaged in UN troops. After the war, the city was quickly restored with the help of the Soviet Union.

Historical names

For its history, Pyongyang changed many names. One of them was a Ryugen or the "Ivovo capital", since at that time the set of Yves grew throughout the city, which was reflected in the medieval Korean literature. Currently, a lot of ventricts are also growing in the city, and the Word of Ryuong is often found on the city map (see Ryuhen Hotel). Other names of the city in different periods were Kison, Hwanson, Ranannan, Sogin, Sodo, Hojen, Chain. During the Japanese Colonial Board, the city was known as Haysend (Japanese pronunciation of Chinese characters 平壌 in the title of Pyongyang recorded with Huhanch).

Tourism

In view of the almost complete isolation of the country from the rest of the world, tourism in Pyongyang is poorly developed. Most of the tourists come from China. To obtain a visa to the DPRK, it is necessary to apply in the official diplomatic or tourist representation of the DPRK no earlier than 20 days before departure. In special cases, a visa can be obtained at the transition site on the border with the DPRK. A tourist visa in general can receive anyone, with the exception of journalists, residents of the United States and South Korea.
The importation of literature on the North and South Korea is prohibited in North Korea (except to published in the DPRK), pornography, mobile phones, propaganda literature. It is forbidden to photograph military facilities, as well as attend most of the attractions in informal clothing.
The government controls the movement of tourists around the city, developing special routes and sightseeing programs.

Kitchen

A peculiarity of the National Korean cuisine is a large number of peppers and spices, but in almost all restaurants for tourists of the dishes are moderate. Cooks working here are long-term professional courses, so they can offer dishes of any kitchen of the world: from the kitlet in Kiev to Schnitzel in Venss.
One of the most popular Pyongyang dishes, which is worth trying to each tourist, is "Cook". It is a cold buckwheat noodle, fastened by broth, meat and vegetables. Also here always offer to taste "Kimchi". The basis of this dish is pickled cabbage, and complement its various types of additives: radish, herbs, garlic, onions, peppers, clams and even fruits. In addition, dumplings "Mandand", pork ribs "Calbi", "Pulggie" kebabs and cadi-chase salads are found.
Coffee and tea in the DPRK practically do not use, but here are different ragners and infusions from herbs. Often during meals are offered only alcoholic beverages: ginseng vodka, rice wine, fruit liqueurs, etc. Local beer, which has a rather pleasant taste is also common.

Entertainment and recreation

Pyongyang is not only an administrative, but also the cultural capital of the DPRK, so numerous institutions are concentrated here, offering to get acquainted with the art and culture of this original country. Thus, there are several large theaters in the city: Moranbon theater, Art Theater Mansud, Eastophenyang Big Theater, Art Theater Pohs and Big Theater. Also, Pyongyang is also invited to visit Pyongyang International Cinema, the State Symphony Orchestra of Korea, the Circus of the People's Army and Pyongyang Circus. However, the most unforgettable impressions produce national holidays (Independence Day, the Day of the Constitution, the first of May, etc.), which are noted here with special scope and entertainment. Moreover, these are not only military parades and colorful processions, but also ambitious gymnastic performances, as well as competitions in a variety of sports. Among the latter, it is worth particularly distinguish "Popent-Twi-Gi" (Multi-Own), archery, "raw" (the fight against the plated belts) and the "Song Kekku" (wrestling without belts). Also, at metropolitan stadiums often host competitions in athletics, tennis, volleyball and football.
If we talk about nightlife, then in Pyongyang, she literally is missing a word, and almost all institutions close before midnight. But in the city there are about 200 parks and gardens, among which it is especially to allocate the Amusement Parks of Taonson and Managende, the Caeson Youth Park, as well as the Central Botanical Garden and the Pavilion of Colors Kimirsenwa and Kimnetirh.

Safety

In Pyongyang, as in the whole country, the crime rate is very low, so pockets, robbers or fraudsters tourists will not make sure here. In addition, each foreigner necessarily accompanies the guide, which should not only introduce him to the country, but also to follow the observance of all local laws and behaviors.

Attractions Pyongyana

The capital of the DPRK The city of Pyongyang is very different from other Asian capitals. Instead of noisy urban streets and crowds - widespread order and discipline. On the first day of all foreign tourists are brought to a common sightseeing tour. If the tourist is one, then he travels by car, groups usually travel on buses. The business card of the city is the Idea Tower of Juche Height 170 meters. The monument is decorated with gold letters folded into the word "Juche", and the vertex is crowned with a twenty-meter torch. The tower has a 30-meter sculpture of the worker, peasantry and intellectual. In their hands, crossed sickle, hammer and brush - the emblem of the Korean Labor Party.
In general, in the capital, most of the monuments are, of course, are associated with the name Kim Il Sena and with the ideas of Juche. For example, the "Chollim" monument, symbolizing the will to great achievements, was built in honor of the 49th anniversary of the leader (the height of the sculpture without a pedestal of 14 meters, and with it - 46 meters). Also, the program is necessarily a visit to the triumphal arch built on the place where the leader was spoken about the cohesion and independence of the Korean nation after the victory over Japan (the height of the arch is 60 meters, it is three meters above the famous Archness of the same name in Paris).
One of the signs of Pyongyang is the Square name of Kim Il Siena, the venue of military parades and demonstrations, as well as massive gymnastic and dance numbers accompanying national holidays. In the center of Pyongyana, a sculpture of the leader is a height of about 70 meters, near the Korean Revolution Museum. Other famous sights - a monument in honor of the founding of the party, the "Liberation" monument, the Arch of Reunification, the Mausoleum of Comrade Kim Il Sena and two huge stadiums - the Stadium named after Kim Il Senia and the Foreign Stadium. The capacity of the Stadium of May Day is 150 thousand people, that is, this stadium is the largest in the world.
Of the attractions that are not related to party ideas are undoubtedly worthy of the attention of the metro station. The tolerance is given not everyone, and even more the right to photograph, but it is necessary to show tact and respect and still ask for the receiving side. Metro metro - a real work of art; Decorative finish here is luxurious than in some local museums. Pyongyang, like other megacities of Korea, is famous for their skyscrapers. One of the newest and strongest facilities - Hotel Ryuong in the shape of a pyramid. Another amazing place is the fountains on the Tadongan River, on the shores of which Pyongyang was built. These are unsurpassed fountain height all over the world: two cascades rise to a height of 150 meters.

Pyongyang City is the capital of the Korean People's Democratic Republic or otherwise North Korea, it is not necessary to confuse CO - Beijing. It is the cultural, administrative and historical center of the whole country. The name of the city is translated from Korean, like a cozy area or a wide earth.

Pyongyang is located on the banks of the river called Tadongan, close to the imposition of her in the yellow sea. Through the city also flows the other river called Pothotgan. The city together with the provinces forms a separate unit of administration. About 2500,000 people live in the city, among which the absolute majority make up Koreans. Accordingly, Korean is also the official language.

History Pyongyana

This city is the most ancient in all Korea. In the period from 427 to 668, Pyongyang was the capital of one of the 3 ancient Korean countries - Cogure. And at a time, when the state existed, from 918 to 1932, he was considered the Western capital, which was named the name of the coin.

For centuries, this city was the most important trading center, as well as the main point of fighting ingenic invaders. Such were the dynasties of the Chinese people Tang and Sui, Mongols, the Japanese, throwing, Manchuri, Zhurzheni and many others.

In the second half of the 19th century, the Korea government concluded non-equivance contracts with several foreign countries. It was because of this, a large number of capitalists from Europe, the United States of America and Japan, who were looking for a commercial benefit, constantly collapsed. It is because of these treaties with Japan and many other cities, various privileges regarding relations in trade were enshrined. In 1899, the city was discovered for foreigners trafficking, and in the 20th century on its territory, a large number of enterprises for the processing of agricultural raw materials were created.

During the Russian-Japanese war, just like the whole Korea, the city was in the occupation of the Japanese. In the period from 1910 to 1945, the country was part of Japan. Only after the Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia, the city became the center of the worker and liberation movement. In 1919, an armed uprising was held here, in 1926 - there were demonstrations and so on.

Only in 1945 the city became the basis of the entire democracy of the Korean people, only by this time was able to liberated the country from the domination of the imperialism of Japan. Already in 1948, the country was named by the Korean People's Democratic Republic, and Pyongyang became the center of struggle to unite the country.

How best to get to Pyongyana

You can fly by plane to the city, because today Vladivostok-Pyongyang route is valid. The airport itself is located at a distance of 24 kilometers from the city. It is equipped with 2 take-off and landing stripes, the widest of them use today. The type of this airport is civil, but he receives flights only on several international routes, however, as well as in several internal.

In addition, to the capital of Korea can be reached by train, bus, car, as well as sail on the ship. Thus, Pyongyang is fully open for any tourist, regardless of the method of movement chosen by it.

Prices in Pyongyang

There are a large number of local stores in the city, but they are not taken to bring foreigners. True, it is impossible to say that something secret is hiding behind their walls, since all Pyongyang department stores more resemble large department stores of the Soviet Union. With food, of course, everything is not so safe in such stores, however, the industrial supplies are presented in the full range.

On the shelves for more presented products of Chinese production, that is, imported. Accordingly, the prices of them are not low. Thus, it turns out that here the most ordinary working person is forced to smoke on a jacket for several months. It can also be noted that in Korea is not accepted to be coiled to its customers.

What interesting places can be viewed in Pyongyang

The Korean War in 1950-1953 left a noticeable footprint in the external component of the appearance of the city, because of which he was subsequently rebuilt. The new planning meant an increase in the width of the streets, as well as the number of monumental structures and monuments. Nevertheless, even today the architecture of the city reminds the architecture of the Soviet Union.

When visiting Pyongyang, it is necessary to visit the highest building in this city - a hotel called Rügen, the height of which reaches 332 meters or 105 floors. The total area of \u200b\u200bthis building is 360 thousand kilometers. Pro - in a separate report.

In 1961, the Monument "Chhollima" was opened, which was built in honor of the case of the 49th anniversary of Kim Ira Sen. The height of this monument reaches 46 meters, and the height of the sculpture itself is 14 meters. In 1982, a triumphal arch was opened here, the height of the gate of which reaches about 60 meters, and the width is about 52.5 meters.

General information about tourism Pyongyang

Because of almost complete isolation of the country, tourism is not developed in the city. Despite this, a large number of tourists come here from China. To get a visa to Korea, you need to submit an official application for a tourist or diplomatic representation in the DPRK, but not earlier than 3 weeks before departure. Only in special cases you can get a visa on the border with Korea. Thus, almost all residents of the planet can get a visa to this country, except journalists from the United States of America and South Korea.

It is forbidden to import literature about North and South Korea to North Korea (except to published in the DPRK), pornography, mobile phones, propaganda literature. It is forbidden to photograph military facilities, as well as attend most of the attractions in informal clothing.

The government controls the movement of tourists around the city, developing special routes and sightseeing programs.

sights

During the Korean War (1950-1953), the city was very affected and was subsequently rebuilt later. The new planning provided wider streets, a large number of monuments and monumental structures.

The highest building in the city is the unfinished hotel Ryuong height 330 m. This hotel has 105 floors and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room 360 thousand m². However, in the 90s of the 20th century, construction was frozen, and the hotel currently does not function.

On April 15, 1961, on the occasion of the 49th anniversary of Kim Il Sen, the monument "Chollima" (Cor. "Thousand Lee per hour"), according to the plan of sculptors, symbolizing the will of the people to the epochable achievements in the construction of socialism, the movement of the "Chollim" pace prosperity of their homeland. The height of the monument is 46 meters, the height of the sculpture itself is 14 meters. The horse saddled the worker holding the "Red Letter" from the Central Committee of the Korea Labor Party, and the peasant. The front hooves of the horse are fixed in the sky, and the rear as it should be repelled from the clouds.

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of Kim Il Senya in April 1982, a triumphal arch was opened. Gate height - 60 meters, width 52.5 meters. Arch height - 27 meters, width - 18.6 meters. On the gate, the words "Song about the Commander Kim Il Seine" and the dates "1925" and "1945" denoting the year of "entry of Kim Il Shenya to the Renaissance of the Motherland" and the year of his "Triumphant Return to Motherland" after its release from the Japanese (15 August 1945).

Also to the 70th anniversary of Kim Il Song on the banks of the Tadongan River, the monument of the Juche idea (height of 170 meters) was opened. On the front and back of the monument are the gold letters folded into the word "chuchhe". At the top of the post - a torch with a height of 20 meters, which symbolizes the "great and unclear triumph of the Juche idea". In the dark time with the help of the backlight, fire is mimic. Before the post there is a 30-meter sculptural group: a worker with a hammer, a peasant with a sickle and an intellectual with a brush. Crossing hammer, sickle and brush are the Emblem of the Korea Labor Party. On the back of the pedestal in Niche, there is a wall collected from more than two hundred marble and granite slabs sent by the heads of many countries of the world and famous politicians.

In the very center of Pyongyang, on the hill, Mansu (where the Pyongyang fortress was previously located) there is a monumental sculptural ensemble, known primarily huge (about 70 meters high) by sculpture Kim Il Sen. Opened in April 1972 on the occasion of its sixtieth anniversary. It is curious that standing by Kim Il Saint indicates a hand "In the bright tomorrow", south, towards Seoul. Behind the bronze statue is the Korean Revolution Museum, open in the same year, on the wall of which a huge mosaic panel of Mount Packtusan. Its length is 70 meters, height is about 13. Panly symbolizes revolutionary traditions, since on the mountain Pack, located on the border with China, according to legends, there was a command of command, where in the years of Antiappon struggle, Kim Il Saint worked and worked.

Other famous architectural attractions of Pyongyang - Monument in honor of the foundation of the Korea Labor Party, the Liberation Monument, built after World War II and two stadiums, who are among the world's largest - "Stadium named after Kim Il Senya" - 70,000 spectators 48 in the world and "The Stadium of May Day" is the largest in the world, the size of 150,000 spectators.

History

Chronology

In 108 BC e. The Han Dynasty conquered a pochoson, founding several military districts in his place. The capital of one of them, Lolan County, was founded near the modern Pyongyang. Lolan was one of the dominant forces in the region until he was conquered in 313 by the power of Cogwn.

In 427, Van Kogouro was transferred to Pyongyang to the capital of the state. In 668, the Korean state of Silla in the Union with the Chinese dynasty Tan conquered Kogouro. The city entered the staff of Silla, remaining on the border with the Northern neighbor - Parhe. Dynasty Korea came to change Silla. During this period, Pyongyang strengthened his influence and was renamed to the begins, although in fact the capital of Korea Pyongyang was never. In the era of the Chosen Dynasty was the capital of Pxheno Province, and from 1896 and before the end of the Japanese occupation was the capital of Pxhen-Namdo province.

In 1945, the period of the Japanese occupation was completed and Pyongyang got into the zone of influence of the Soviet Union, becoming the temporary capital of the DPRK state formed in the north of the Korean Peninsula (the permanent capital was considered Seoul, "temporarily" separated from the country). During the Korean War, he was seriously injured as a result of air bombing, from October to December 1950, he was engaged in UN troops. After the war, the city was quickly restored with the help of the Soviet Union.

Historical names

For its history, Pyongyang changed many names. One of them was Ryuong (류경; 柳京) or the "IVOV capital", since at that time there were many Yves in the entire city, which was reflected in the medieval Korean literature. Currently, a lot of ventricts are also growing in the city, and the Word of Ryuong is often found on the city map (see Ryuhen Hotel). Other names of the city in different periods were Kison, Hwanson, Ranannan, Sogin, Sodo, Hojen, Chain. During the Japanese occupation, the city was known as Heizho (Japanese pronunciation of Chinese hieroglyphs 平壌 in the title of Pyongyang recorded with Huhanch).

Geography

Located on the shores of the Tadongan River (Tadon) near her sign in the yellow sea. Forms a separate administrative unit with the status of the province. Another river flowing through the city - Potchonghan.

Climate

The climate is monsoon with a sharp manifestation of different times of the year and a clear delimitation of the seasons of drought and rain. Although Korea is located in low latitudes and from three sides is surrounded by marine pools, its climate is more severe than in a number of countries located in the same latitude. In winter, powerful streams of cold dry air, coming from the inner parts of the continent, brings dry clear weather and cold to the Korean Peninsula. In the summer, the territory of the country is under the influence of oceanic air masses bringing an abundant atmospheric moisture. During the three summer months, 50-60% of the annual rainfall standards falls. The average annual temperature + 7.6C. The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is about -11c, the hottest (August) is about + 23c. For the year there are an average of 925 millimeters of precipitation (most in the summer).

Economy

Along with the special regions of the country (blueju and cassome), Pyongyang is the Economic Center of North Korea.

Transport

A Pyongyang metro function with two lines, having a total length of 22.5 km. Pyongyang metro was commissioned at September 5, 1973. The stations are spacious, columns are marble, on the walls of large mosaic paintings, painting, relief images showing life and nature in Korea. Currently there are two lines and sixteen stations. Metro of deep downstream. Metro wagons are mostly Germanic. A feature of the Pyongyang Metro is the lighting of escalator mines not with chandeliers or vertical lamps, but with luminous walls of the escalator. In the end of each car - portraits Kim Il Sen and Kim Jong Ira.

Also in the city there is a trolleybus and tram transport. Trolleybus movement was open on April 30, 1962. The tram movement opened almost three decades, April 12, 1991, which is a rare case in world practice.

The number of personal cars is small compared to the majority of world capitals, although officials use Mercedes-Benz Limousine Park.

There is a state airline Air Koryo, flying from Sunan Airport to Beijing (PEK), Shenyang (She), Bangkok (BKK) and Vladivostok (VVO). There are also irregular charter flights to Macau (MFM), Incheon (ICN), Janang (YNY) and some Japanese cities. Air Koryo also serves several internal flights.

The international railway communication is valid between Pyongyan and the capitals of China and Russia. The road to Beijing takes 25 hours of 25 minutes (train K27 from Beijing / K28 from Pyongyang on Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays); The road to Moscow takes 7 days.

Culture

There are several cultural institutions in the city. Among them can be noted:

Moranbon theater is the first theater built in the country after World War II. In December 2004, the reconstruction of the theater, which ended in 2005, began on the personal indication of Kim Jong Ira.
Pyongyang cultural and exhibition complex - was opened in 1998. Here are the exhibitions of artists and photohogs, as well as book new products, ranging from the ancient Buddhist texts and ending with the works of Kim Il Sen and Kim Jong Ira. Also in this complexes are the expositions of Korean applied art - pottery, embroidery, mosaic, etc.
The State Symphony Orchestra Korea - was created in August 1946. The repertoire includes mainly national works (patriotic and glorifying leaders of the country) and the classic from the Russian opera and ballet. Total in the Orchestra program more than 140 musical works.
Art Theater ManSude.
House of Culture "April 25"
Pyongyang Big Theater.
Eastophanyansky Big Theater
Central Youth House
Art Theater Pouch
Pyongyang Circus
Circus of the People's Army
People's Palace of Culture
Pyongyang International Culture House
Pyongyang International Cinema
Museum of the Korean Revolution
Victory Museum in the Domestic Liberation War
Exhibition of achievements of three revolutions
Pavilion of colors Kimirsenwa and Kimnetirh
Korean art gallery
Central Historical Museum of Korea
Ethnographic Museum of Korea