Decoding of characters into Russian. Alcohol coding - prices, methods and consequences. How to encode from alcoholism. Extended versions of ASKI - CP866 and KOI8-R encoding with pseudograph

If you have sent a text document, information in which is displayed in the form of strange and incomprehensible characters, it can be assumed that the author used an encoding that is not recognizable by your computer. To change the encoding there are special decoders programs, but much easier to use one of the online services.

Today we will tell about the most popular and efficient sites that will help guess the encoding and change it to more understandable for your PC. Most often on such sites, an automatic recognition algorithm works, however, if necessary, the user can always select the appropriate encoding in manual mode.

Method 1: Universal Decoder

The decoder offers users to simply copy the incomprehensible excerpt of the text to the site and in automatic mode translates the encoding to more understandable. Benefits include the simplicity of the resource, as well as the presence of additional manual settings that are offered to select the desired format on their own.

You can only work with text, the size of which does not exceed 100 kilobytes, moreover, the creators of the resource do not guarantee that the transcoding will be 100% successful. If the resource does not help - just try to recognize the text using other ways.

Note that if in the document sent to you instead of characters is displayed «???? ?? ??????» , convert it is unlikely to succeed. Symbols appear due to errors from the sender, so you just ask you to send you the text again.

Method 2: Studio Artemia Lebedeva

Another site to work with the encoding, in contrast to the previous resource, has a more pleasant design. It offers users two modes of operation, simple and advanced, in the first case after decoding the user sees the result, in the second case, the initial and final encoding is visible.

With the site any incomprehensible porridge from symbols quickly turns into a clear Russian text. At the moment there is a resource with all known encodings.

Method 3: Fox Tools

Fox Tools is designed for universal decoding of incomprehensible characters in the usual Russian text. The user can independently select the initial and final encoding, there is on the site and automatic mode.

Despite the fact that the site allegedly recognizes encoding in automatic mode, the user still has to choose a clear result in manual mode. Because of this feature, it is much easier to use the methods described above.

Site encoding (Encoding) is a correspondence of a numeric number of characters (numbers, letters, signs and other specials). The most common encodings are ASCII in conjunction with Unicode UTF-8 and Windows-1251. In content for the encoding corresponds to a special meta tag: which sets a specific type of code for pages. In this case, this is Unicode UTF-8.

Simple words, these are standard characters and numbers that correspond to a certain type of set of written letters, numbers, signs and other elements. Most often, one type of encoding is used on the site, but there are exceptions when several encodings can be installed immediately. However, this may lead to incorrect display of the entire web resource. Many sites use the Coding Standard - UTF-8, since it is this kind of code that is supported by many known groceries, search engines, servers and other platforms. Very often there are situations where the encoding specified on the website does not coincide with the one that is installed on the server. The main reason for this phenomenon - the provider does not support the provided encoding type, as a result of which the "its" will be sent, which actually leads to incorrect display of information. Encoding is a table that describes any compliance with a specific character and number. Each character that is visible on the site is only a set of bits (some set of zeros and other units).

Types of site encodings

In total in the world of the Internet there are several types of encodings:

• ASCII is the very first encoding that was adopted by the American National Institute of World Standards. For encoding, only 7 bits were used, where, for the first time, the 128 values \u200b\u200bare placed by the English alphabet, as well as all numbers, signs and symbols. This encoding is not universal and most often used in English-speaking sites.
• Cyrillic - True domestic option. The encoding used the second part of the main code table, or rather signs from 129 to 256. Used on Russian-speaking sites and blogs.
• Codings 1250-1258 (Windows and Windows MS systems) are standard 8 bit codings that appeared immediately after the well-known Microsoft Windows operating system is released. Numbers 1250 to 1258 are directed to the language used by encoding. 1250 are languages \u200b\u200bof Central Europe, and 1251 option for the Cyrillic alphabet.
• Koi8 - deciphered as an 8-bit information exchange code. The standards of Russian Cyrillic are usually applied in Unix systems and the like, where the KOI-7, KOI8-R and KOI8-U standard is valid.
• Unicode (original name Unicode) - is a well-known standard for encoding characters, which allows you to describe signs of literally all world languages. It is often denoted by "u + xxxx", where "XXXX" is 16-riche values. The most common family of this encoding is the UTF (Unicode-Transformation Format), that is, UTF-8, 16 and 32.

Each individual species can be used directly on any site.

Universal and popular encodings

To date, the most popular and all known is the Coding UTF-8, namely, thanks to it, it is possible to provide maximum compatibility with all old systems that used the usual 8-bit types of characters. The UTF-8 encoding includes most sites that are on the Internet, namely, this standard is considered universal. UTF-8 supports both Cyrillic and Latin.

Later ASCII. It was expanded (initially it did not use all 8 bits), so it was possible to use no longer 128, but 256 (2 to 8 degrees) of various characters that can be encoded in one of the information.
Such an improvement made it possible to add to the encoding ASCII. Symbols of national languages \u200b\u200bof different countries, in addition to the already existing Latin.
Extended encoding options ASCII. There is a lot due to the fact that languages \u200b\u200bin the world too much. I think that many of you have heard of such an encoding as KOI8 (information exchange code, 8 bits) - this is also an extended encoding ASCII.. Koi8 included figures, letters of the Latin and Russian alphabet, as well as punctuation signs, special mixes and pseudography.

ISO encoding

The organization of international standards (International Standards Organization) has created a range of encodings for different alphabets / languages.

ISO 8859 Series Encoding

For documents in English and most other Western European languages, encoding is widely supported. ISO-8859-1.

In html. ISO-8859-1 It is the default encoding (in XHTML and in HTML5 the default encoding is UTF-8).
When using a page encoding other than ISO-8859-1, you need to specify this in the tag .

For html4:

For HTML5:

An example of ANSI encoding is all known Windows-1251..

Windows-1251. It is advantageous from other 8 bit Cyrillic codes (such as CP866 and ISO 8859-5) with almost all the characters used in the Russian typography for ordinary text (there is no stress sign). It also contains all symbols for other Slavic languages: Ukrainian, Belarusian, Serbian, Macedonian and Bulgarian.
Below are decimal coding symbol values. Windows-1251..

To display the Symbols of the table in the HTML document, use the following syntax:

& + code +;

Windows-1251 encoding (CP1251)

Enicode Encoding Standard

Unicode (Eng. Unicode) is a standard encoding standard, which allows you to present the signs of almost all the writings of the world, and special characters. The symbols presented in Unicode are encoded by integers without signs. Unicode has several forms of symbols presenting in the computer: UTF-8, UTF-16 (UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE) and UTF-32 (UTF-32BE, UTF-32LE). (Eng. Unicode Transformation Format - UTF).
UTF-8. - This is currently common encoding, which has been widely used in operating systems and web space. Text consisting of unicode characters with numbers less than 128 (area with codes from U + 0000 to U + 007F) contains set characters ASCII. with appropriate codes. Next, there are areas of signs of various writing, punctuation signs and technical symbols. Under the symbols of Cyrillic are allocated areas of characters with codes from U + 0400 to U + 052F, from U + 2DE0 to U + 2DFF, from U + A640 to U + A69F.

Encoding UTF-8. It is universal and has an impressive reserve for the future. This makes it the most convenient encoding for use on the Internet.

Content

Alcoholism is a disease that every third person faces. The fight against this enemy is not as easy as it appears at first glance. Many include alcoholism to an ordinary bad habit, but they are deeply mistaken. This is the same as drugs - a person rules addiction. The question is only on how to get rid of all this.

How to encode alcoholism

Alcoholism coding is the displacement of the desire and belonging to a person to the bottle. Everything can occur by psychological impact on an alcoholic or with medicines. How is alcohol coding:

• it is necessary for the complete consent of a person so that he needs to get rid of alcoholism, the doctor will always explain all the stages and moments of encoding, consequences and further results;
• mandatory is blood test;
• the coding technique and the price is selected by the patient;
• before coding, it is important not to drink alcohol for a week so that the body is cleared of toxins;
• after encoding from alcoholism, the patient is obliged to be observed at the attending physician.

Alcohol coding types

The most common methods of coding are psychotherapeutic pressure on the patient and drug intervention. How to encode alcohol:

• Preparations and medicines. In this case, the patient introduces special medicines to Vienna, they put droppers that are able to remove alcohol from the body. Without consequences, it is not necessary, so there may be side effects. For example, the common response of the body is a complete disgust for alcoholic beverages. From alcohol will be sick, sick belly - anything, if only a person did not perceive the drink.
• The principle of psychotherapeutic intervention or hypnosis. This method is recommended for those who firmly decided that there will be no more drinking, who has the power of will. In this case, by administration, the doctor "instructs" the man to the True Path. In other words, the formation of a refusal of alcohol using suggestion.

Alcohol coding methods

There are many techniques, with acceptable prices for which people are encoded from alcoholism. Their difference is that the person perceives the treatments in different ways, each reaction is individual. The procedure for encoding from alcohol according to the method Dovzhenko according to reviews is considered the best and efficient. Here are just a few advantages of the course of treatment:

• this is the most humane and ethical method of combating alcohol addiction and drunkenness;
• during the entire course, patients are aware that they really need to be treated and get rid of alcoholism;
• coding helps cause disgust for the action of an alcoholic beverage, no one has a vomit of reflex with the smell of alcohol after treatment;
• the method is considered absolutely harmless, the body is applied by a minimum of damage;
• stop 1 session, no re-courses do not need to pass, there are no contraindications.

Consequences of alcohol coding

When the patient chose a medical path to solving the problem, there may be encoding consequences. For example, the negative response of the body for the drug. Many people become bad, because a sharp refusal of alcohol is stress for the entire body, which is dangerous for vessels and hearts. Several common manifestations that may occur during alcohol failure:

• tremor, constant trembling, shuddering;
• tRACK PROBLEMS: Diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain;
• problems of cardiovascular system, strong pressure jumps, rapid pulse, angina.

Where to encode from alcoholism

Alcohol coding price

The cost is important for those who have a huge desire to get rid of the habit, and the means are not enough. How much is it worth encoded from alcohol? It all depends on the anti-alcohol treatment method, which is selected, from the term and from the clinic, where the patient appealed. Approximate prices range from 6,000 to 30,000 rubles. You can buy in the online store of a cheap ampoule with a medicine, order those that will appoint a doctor, remove the abstineent syndrome and treat at home.

Before answering the question about what an Ansi Windows encoding will be replied first to another question: "What is the encoding at all?"

Each computer, each system uses a specific set of characters, depending on the language used by the user, from its professional competencies and personal preferences.

General definition of encoding

So, in Russian, 33 characters are used to designate letters, in English - 26. 10 digits are used for account (0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9) and some special characters, minus , space, point, percentage and so on.

Each of these characters using the code table is assigned a sequence number. For example, the letter "A" can be assigned number 1; "Z" - 26 and so on.

Actually, a number representing a character as an integer is considered a symbol code, and encoding is, respectively, a set of characters in such a table.

Wealth diversity code tables

At the moment there is a fairly large number of encodings and code tables used by different specialists: this is the ASCII developed in 1963 in America, and Windows-1251, quite recently more than popular thanks to Microsoft, Koi8-R and Guobiao - and many, many Others, and the process of their appearance and dieting occurs to this day.

Among this huge list, the so-called ANSI encoding is perfect.

The fact is that at one time Microsoft has created a whole set of code pages:

All of them received the common name of the ANSI encoding table, or ANSI code page.

An interesting fact: one of the first code tables became ASCII, in 1963, created by American National Standards Institute (by the American National Institute of Standards), shrongly called ANSI.

Among other things, this encoding contains non-print characters, the so-called "control sequences", or ESC, unique for all symbol tables, often incompatible with each other. With skillful use, however, they allowed to hide and restore the cursor, translate it from one position in the text to another, set the tab, erase the part of the terminal window in which the operation was carried out, change text formatting on the screen and change the color (or even draw and serve sound signals!). In 1976, by the way, it was a pretty good help for programmers. By the way, the terminal is a device required to enter and output information. In those distant times, he was a monitor and keyboard connected to the computer (electronic computing machine).

Incorrect display of characters

Unfortunately, in the future, such a system caused numerous malfunctions in systems, withdrawing instead of the desired poems, news feeds or descriptions of favorite computer games so-called krakozyabry - Senseless, unreadable sets of characters. The appearance of these ubiquitous errors was caused by only an attempt to display characters encoded in one code table, with the other.

Most often with the consequences of the wrong reading of this encoding, we are confronted on the Internet so far, when our browser for some reason cannot definitely determine exactly which one of Windows - **** encodings are currently used due to the instructions of the web -Master of the general encoding ANSI or initially incorrect encoding, for example, 1252 instead of 1521. The exact encoding table is presented below.

Cyrillic Table ANSI encoding, Windows-1251

Moreover, in 1986, ANSI was significantly expanded, thanks to Yana E. Davis, who wrote the packet of The Draw, allowing not easy to use the basic, from our point of view, function, but also fully (or almost fully) to draw!

Summing up

Thus, it can be seen that an ANSI encoding, in fact, although it was a rather controversial solution, retains its position.

Over time, with a light hand of enthusiasts ancient terminal ANSI moved even to the phones!