Community of green men. Coastal grapes Riverside grapes

Vitis, Grapes. Climbing vines with simple, deeply palmately lobed leaves. The flowers are bisexual, or dioecious (then the plants are dioecious), small, fragrant, collected in racemes. The fruit is a juicy berry in a complex cluster.

Types and varieties of grapes

The genus includes about 70 species, distributed mostly in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere; 3 of them grow wild in Russia.

Several species and cultivated wine grapes are grown in cultivation.

Amur grape (Vitis amurensis)

Homeland - forests of Primorye, China and Korea.

Liana up to 5-10 m long (in nature up to 20-25 m). The bark is dark brown, peeling off in longitudinal strips. Young shoots are green or reddish. The leaves are round, up to 20-30 cm in diameter, 3-5-lobed, wrinkled, dark green, in autumn - red, violet-carmine, brownish-chestnut. Blooms from 3 years in July. Fruits in September. The berries are black with a bluish coating, up to 1.2 cm in diameter, edible (taste ranges from sour to sweet). It is used as a rootstock for cultivated varieties.

Widely used for vertical gardening in culture. Introduced into culture by the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden in the middle of the 19th century.

USDA zone 3. Most winter-hardy of all species.

Coignet grapes, or Japanese grapes (Vitis coignetiae)

A powerful liana, native to Southern Sakhalin and Japan. Blooms in June. The berries are juicy, tart, edible.

Forest grape (Vitis sylvestris)

The liana, in the absence of support, takes the form of a creeping shrub. The berries are black (sometimes white), small, edible, but sour. Used for hybridization with cultivated varieties.

Fox grape (Vitis vulpine)

North American liana up to 5 m long (in nature up to 20 m). The flowers are small, very fragrant, collected in paniculate inflorescences up to 15-20 cm long. Young leaves can be damaged by late spring frosts.

Coastal grapes, or fragrant grapes, riverside grapes (Vitis riparia)

North American species. Used in breeding for breeding rootstocks for varieties in the southern regions

Deciduous liana. It hooks onto the support using antennae. The leaves are bright green, broadly ovate, mostly 3-lobed, shiny. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, but fragrant, collected in racemes. Blooms in June-July. The berries are small purple-black with a thick bluish bloom up to 0.8 cm in diameter. Ripen in September. Not edible - with a bland taste.

Coastal grapes, spring

Labruska grapes (Vitis labruska)

A species native to North America. A vine that rises high along a support and is capable of forming dense thickets. Blooms in July. Fruits with sweetish pulp ripen in September. They are eaten both fresh and dried, and they are used to make wines, jams, and syrups.

Winter hardiness is high.

Currently, more than 10,000 varieties are known, and thanks to the work of breeders, grapes can be grown in central Russia in open ground without the use of film covers.

Cultivated grape, or wine grape, vine (Vitis vinifera)

A large liana of hybrid origin (unknown in the wild, presumably the ancestors were now extinct forms). Widely distributed in culture, currently the number of varieties has reached several thousand. In the southern regions it reaches a length of 30 m. The leaves are round, up to 20 cm in diameter, with lobes. The flowers are small, yellowish-green, collected in panicles. Fruits vary in shape, size and taste qualities. Needs annual short pruning, without which it runs wild.

USDA Zone 5-6. Winter-hardy when covered annually.

Cultivated grape varieties with increased winter hardiness: ‘ Codrianca’, ‘Muromets’, ‘Agat Donskoy' and others. An interesting winter-hardy variety ‘ Brant', it has very beautiful fall color - red and purple leaves with green and yellow veins.

Fruit grapes, age 15 years, winter-hardy without shelter

Popular varieties of wine grapes:

"Vavilovsky" is a vigorous vine, high-yielding with an average ripening period. Frost resistance is low, grown only in the southern regions;

"Russian Korinka" - vigorous vine early date maturation. The bunch is small, the berries are quite small. Frost resistance is high;

"Beauty of the North (Olga)" - a vigorous, high-yielding variety, very early ripening. Frost resistance is quite high;

"Astronaut"—the variety is similar to the variety "Beauty of the North";

"Muromets" - a vigorous, early-ripening variety with high yield;

"Tambov white" is a high-yielding variety with high frost resistance.

Varieties with black fruits require more heat than varieties with light fruits.

Grapes in cultivation are grown and formed in the form of a bush various shapes. The parts of a grape plant bush have their own names.

bush head- thickening in the lower part of the plant, formed as a result of pruning, from which perennial branches diverge - bush sleeves. On the sleeves are located ramifications, ending horns- shortened two-year-old stems. Fruit shoots- annual shoots located on horns (fruiting is observed only on annual growths). If the fruit shoot is cut short - by 1-3 buds - you will get a twig that is used to restore the elements of the bush. Longer pruning - 5 or more eyes - allows you to form a fruit shoot, the main element of the fruiting part of the grape bush.

All fruit varieties in the middle zone are covered for the winter; decorative species and varieties are not removed from their supports or covered for the winter. The opening of bushes in spring begins after the soil thaws in mid-to-late April.

Grape care

Grapes are a light- and heat-loving crop, susceptible to damage by autumn and spring frosts. It is better to land in spring terms. The grapes are planted on the south side of the buildings. The soils preferred are medium loamy, breathable. Groundwater should be located closer than 1.5 m from the soil surface. When growing vines, it is necessary to provide in advance for the installation of supports (individually for each bush) or trellises (for several plants).

From June to August, vines actively grow, they are tied to supports and shaped. Side branches are cut to 2-3 buds, strong lashes to 1/3 of the length. Regularly feed with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Grape propagation

Varietal plants are propagated by winter cuttings and layering; species are also propagated by seeds.

Name: comes from "vitilis" - climbing.

Description: has about 70 species, distributed mostly in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. In the southern regions of the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, Crimea and the Far East, 5 species grow naturally.

Grape variety "Yangi Er"
Photo by Dmitry Vinyarsky

Lianas climbing with the help of twisting stem tendrils located opposite to simple, deeply palmately lobed leaves. The flowers are bisexual, or dioecious (then the plants are dioecious), small, fragrant, collected in racemes. The fruit is a juicy edible berry. Widely used for vertical gardening on mesh supports.

The first mention of the cultivation of species of the genus Vitis in the botanical garden of St. Petersburg occurs in 1824, but probably refers to plants in closed ground. Testing of species in open ground began with V. amurensis Rupr., brought by K.I. Maksimovich from the Amur region and initially in 1857-1862. grown in greenhouses. Since 1858, in parallel with closed ground, it has been tested in open ground, and since then it has been constantly growing in the park (1858-2005).

In the second half of the 19th century. 4 more species were tested, but all after or while simultaneously growing them in greenhouses: V. vulpina L. (= V. cordifolict Michx.) (?1824, 1858, 1892-1898, 1945-1967, before 1980-?, 2002), V. riparia Michx. (?1824, 1869-1898, before 1940-1962, 1973-2005), V. thunbergii Siebold et Zucc. (1865-1913, 1959-1963), V. labrusca L. (1879, 1951-1967, 1978-2002). All these species in the St. Petersburg climate are not winter-hardy enough; they are often severely frostbitten, but recover.

Grape variety "Shatilova No. 6"
Photo by Dmitry Vinyarsky

The main experiments on growing species of the genus in open ground took place in the 20th century, especially in the second half, when A.G. Golovach tried to restore pre-existing species in the collection and test new ones. In total, 15 species passed through the Garden’s nurseries during this period, of which 12 appeared in the collection for the first time: V. coignetiae Pulliat et Planch. (1912-?1941, 1948-1972, 1980, 1989-2002), V. palmata Vahl. (= V.ru-bra Michx.) (before 1941-1980), V. davidii(Carriere) Foex (1949- 1966), V. acerifolia Raf. (= V. longii Prince) (1951-1963), V. arizonica Engelm. (1954-1968), V. berlandieri Planch. (1954-1962), V. x doaniana Muns. (V. candicans x V. vulpina?) (1954-1968), V. piasezkii Maxim. (1954-1968), V. wilsonae Veitch (1954-1968), V. monticola Buckl. (1956-1963), V. candicans Engelm, et Gray (1957-1987). Since 1947, several of the most winter-hardy varieties V. vinifera L. Until 1992, the park preserved (without winter shelter) “Northern White”, “Malengra Seedling”, “Bui-Tur”.

According to V.I. Lipsky and K.K. Meissner (1913/1915), the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden introduced V. amurensis and V. thunbergii into culture, about which E. Regel wrote: “They were introduced by K.I. Maksimovich and distributed by the Botanical Garden throughout all European gardens” (1873: 89).

Mountain grapes- Vitis monticola

Homeland - North America.

Liana up to 10 m high. Shoots are long, thin, hairy when young, with tendrils. Leaves of various shapes are ovoid, round, kidney-shaped, with shallow lobes, serrated along the edges, dark green above, shiny, grayish-green below, reaching 10 cm in length. When young they have thin cobwebby pubescence. The flowers are rather inconspicuous and appear in June. To obtain fruits, you must have specimens with staminate and pistillate flowers, since the plants are dioecious.
The fruits are collected in short and wide, highly branched clusters. Sweet berries have a dark color of varying intensity. Ripen in September. In a culture with late XIX century. Suitable only for southern regions due to low winter hardiness.

Maple leaf grape- Vitis acerifolia Raf.

Homeland - North America. It grows in river valleys and on sandy banks.

Branched, low, weak-climbing vine. The shoots are hairy or gray-tomentose with short tendrils. The leaves are broadly ovate, 7-12 cm long, shallowly three-lobed, with a wide notch at the base, pubescent along the veins below. Inflorescences are 3-7 cm long, on short stalks. The flowers are small yellowish. Blooms in June. The fruits are large - up to 8-12 mm, black with a bloom, with thin skin, sweetish, ripen in September. In culture since 1830. Grown from St. Petersburg to the south.

In GBS since 1982, 1 sample was grown from seeds obtained from the crop. At 3 years the length of the shoots is 1.8 m, at 6 years 4.8 m. Vegetation from late April to mid-October. Grows quickly. Doesn't bloom. Winter hardiness is low.

Coignier grapes, or Japanese- Vitis cognetiae Planch.

Habitat of the East Asian continental-island type: Russia (Sakhalin - south and Moneron; Kuril Islands - Kunashir, Shikotan, Yuri, Zeleny, Iturup), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku), Korea Peninsula. Sakhalin-Kuril-Japanese endemic. Not listed in the flora of the reserves. Grows in bushes in the coastal zone. Photophilous mesophyte.

In SakhKNII since 1963, it has grown well on an alpine hill. Doesn't bear fruit. In GBS since 1960 (from Sakhalin), it grows oppressively in the shade.

A very spectacular, frost-resistant, powerful vine with large, heart-shaped, rounded leaves (up to 30 cm in diameter), with 3-5 weakly defined lobes, dark green above, grayish or reddish-pubescent below, with a rarely finely toothed edge. Flower brushes are short. Fruits up to 0.8 cm, black with a bluish bloom, edible only after freezing. It grows very quickly, growing up to 4.5 m per season, and is frost-resistant. Used in all types of vertical gardening, especially for decorating tall buildings. Its large lobed leaves acquire a bright crimson color in autumn.

In GBS since 1965, 3 samples (4 copies) from the gardens of Stockholm and Nogen-on-Vernison (France). At 8 years, the length of the shoots is 2.5 m. It grows from 17.V±5 to 17.Х±9 for 153 days. Doesn't bloom. Winter hardiness is low. 100% of cuttings root when treated with a 0.01% IBA solution. In the middle zone it is not very decorative.

Grape wine made from the fruit is used as a tonic. Juice from the tendrils is used for dysentery and hemoptysis, infusion from the tendrils - for gout, from the leaves - for diarrhea, vomiting, and hemoptysis. Infusion of dry leaves - for frostbite (externally). Syrups and jams are prepared from ripe fruits. The tendrils, young stems and petioles are eaten as vegetables. The bark can be used to make ropes (Ishiyama, 1936).

Known in culture (Wolf, 1915; Bailey, 1947; Shulgina, 1955; Dictionary of Gardening, 1956; Wyman, 1971). Cultivated since 1875 (Render, 1949). Grows in St. Petersburg, the Baltic states, Ukraine, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, Tashkent (Woody plants GBS, 1975).

Photo by Kirill Kravchenko

Grape labrusca- Vitis labrusca L.

Well known in landscaping. Amur can be successfully replaced by no less decorative and frost-resistant c. Labrusca from North America.

It is the ancestor of most American cultivated grape varieties - the Isabella variety or a hybrid of V. forest with V. cultivated, widely distributed along the Black Sea coast ( Krasnodar region, Abkhazia), in Lankaran, found in Ukraine. Due to its unpretentiousness, relative frost resistance (tolerates temperatures down to -20°C), intensive growth and beautiful foliage, it is of interest for vertical gardening in the southern regions of Russia. In cultivation in Kaliningrad, Kyiv, Kharkov - it bears fruit, in St. Petersburg and Estonia it is slightly damaged by frost, but grows back easily; grows poorly in dry areas. A number of other varieties of V. labrusca grow well in the northern regions of viticulture, including winter-hardy hybrids with V. amur bred by I. V. Michurin. Labrusca is often used as a decorative, powerful vine with dense, beautiful foliage.

It is a high-rising vine capable of forming dense thickets, as well as a powerful vine spreading along the ground with a woody stem, which in nature can reach 20 cm in diameter. Blooms in July. The shoots are cylindrical, attached to the support with well-developed tendrils. Young shoots are densely pubescent. The leaves sit on long petioles, ovate or rounded up to 17 cm, entire and sometimes lobed, have a wide notch at the base, jagged along the edge, dense, wrinkled on top, dull, dark green. Young leaves below have white or grayish flake-like pubescence, which becomes reddish over time. The plant is dioecious. Flowers are dioecious. Pistillate flowers are collected in dense dense inflorescences up to 5-8 cm long, staminate flowers form looser inflorescences. The fruits are collected in small clusters containing up to 20 berries of black-purple, reddish-brown, pink or yellow-green color. The berries are up to 2 cm in diameter, have a spherical or ellipsoidal shape, are covered with a waxy coating, and the flesh is sweetish. Ripen in September.

Grows well on light, loose sandy and sandy loam fertile soils with moderate moisture, prefers slightly shaded places. Needs support. Winter hardiness is high, suitable for areas of the black earth strip and areas located to the south.

Seeds need stratification at 0 - 3 °C for 4 - 7 months. After stratification, it is recommended to soak the seeds for 12 hours in solutions of gibberellic acid and petroleum growth substance. In culture since 1656.

Forest grapes- Vitis silvestris Gmel.

Distributed in Moldova, Crimea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, as well as in Central and Southern Europe, Northern Iran. Available in nature reserves of the Caucasus, Crimea, and Central Asia. It grows in valleys and gorges in deciduous forests. Shade-tolerant mesophyte.

Deciduous vine up to 20 m long, creeping along the ground in the absence of support. The bark on old trunks peels off in ribbons; annual shoots are sometimes slightly ribbed, biennial shoots are smooth. The leaves are rounded-ovate up to 9 cm, almost entire or shallowly 3-5-lobed, with a wide notch at the base. The flowers are yellow-green, fragrant, small, in paniculate inflorescences. The fruits are black, spherical berries with a bluish coating.

In GBS since 1952, 2 samples (5 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from the natural conditions of Kopet-Dag and reproduction of GBS. Liana, at 18 years old, length 3.0 m. Does not bloom. Winter hardiness is low. When treated with a 0.05% IBA solution, 33% of the cuttings take root. In the middle zone it is not very decorative. Not recommended for landscaping.

It is drought and cold resistant and is not affected by pests and diseases. Used in ornamental gardening for vertical gardening in the southern regions of Russia. More cold- and drought-resistant than cultivated grapes, resistant to phylloxera and fungal diseases, and easily crossed with cultivated grape varieties. The berries are used in marinades, food seasonings and in winemaking. In culture in Zhitomir, Penza, Turkmenistan.

Fox grapes-- Vitis vulpina L.

Grows in shady places, along river valleys in North America.

A powerful, high-climbing vine with well-developed, bifid tendrils, with the help of which it rises to greater height. The leaves are broadly ovate up to 15 cm, shiny, entire, less often weakly three-lobed, with a narrow notch at the base. Very fragrant, small flowers are collected in multi-flowered panicles. The berries are spherical up to 1 cm in diameter, black, with a faint bluish bloom and thick skin, in cylindrical clusters up to 25 cm long. For better germination, seeds require stratification. Planting depth 1.5 cm.

Frost-resistant, can withstand temperatures down to -28°C. Avoids soils containing lime. It is used as an ornamental plant for vertical gardening and as a rootstock for cultivated varieties to increase their immunity. In cultivation in Lithuania it freezes slightly, but flowers and bears fruit; in St. Petersburg and Estonia it partially freezes. Often grown in Ukraine.

Common grape- Vitis vinifera L.

It has been widespread in culture since ancient times and has a huge number of cultivated varieties. The homeland of this species is precisely unknown.

Liana up to 20 m, with 3-5-lobed, heart-shaped leaves up to 15 cm in diameter; with large inflorescences of fragrant, inconspicuous flowers. The fruits are berries, black with a bluish bloom. The common grape is light-loving. In the conditions of the Moscow region it can freeze slightly, even with shelter, so it is better to use it for landscaping the southern regions of Russia. Prefers fertile soil. Requires support, designed for vertical gardening.

Seeds need stratification at 0 - 10 °C (optimum 5 °C) for 3 - 7 months. They germinate better when heated for a week at 30 °C for 3 hours, 2 times a day. In the "Black Muscat" varieties, stratification can be replaced by washing in water for 12 days (72% of the plant germinated). Treatment with gibberellic acid (100 - 2000 mg/l) of seeds of the varieties "Black Muscat", "Bangalore" and "Tokay" reduces and replaces cold stratification. For pre-scarified seeds, gibberellic acid is used at a lower concentration. Planting depth is 1.5 - 2 cm.

It has two decorative forms: purple(f. purpurea) - with light red leaves when blooming, later purple; split-leaved(f. apiifolia) - with very showy, dissected leaves. The main type and its forms are used for vertical gardening in areas where varietal grapes are cultivated.

"Purpurea". At the beginning of summer the leaves of this deciduous vine bright purple and fluffy, then darken, becoming a rich wine purple. In autumn they turn dark purple. They are medium in size and round in shape with three or five roughly serrated petals. Purple-black fruits appear in early or mid-autumn, but in the Moscow region they almost never ripen. Interesting for its decorativeness. This plant looks spectacular when grown with shrubs that have silver foliage.

Photos of EDSR.

Coastal grapes,or fragrant- Vitis riparia Michx.

Eastern and southeastern regions of North America. Grows in damp thickets of bushes, along river banks.

Photo of Tatyana Skorodumova

It differs from other species in its powerful growth (rises to a height of up to 25 m), broadly ovate, mostly 3-lobed, bright green leaves, coarsely toothed along the edge. Flowers in large inflorescences up to 18 cm long. The fruits are purple-black, with a thick bluish coating, inedible, up to 0.8 cm in diameter. Seeds at room temperature can be stored for up to 1 year without loss of viability. Seeds need stratification at 1 - 10 °C (optimum 5 °C) for 4 months. It is better to germinate stratified seeds after pre-heating for a week at 30°C for 3 hours 2 times a day. Planting depth is up to 1.2 - 1.5 cm.

In GBS since 1951, 3 samples (11 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from the crop. At 17 years old, height 5.4 m. Vegetation from the first ten days of May to the end of October. The growth rate is average. It blooms from the end of June to the end of the first ten days of July, about 2 weeks. The fruits ripen annually in September. Winter hardiness is low. Seed viability 80%, germination 10%. Summer cuttings take root.

It is undemanding to the soil, drought-resistant, has a form with edible, early-ripening fruits - (f. rgaecox).

One of the best ornamental grapes with beautiful bright green leaves, fragrant flowers, the halls of which resemble the smell of mignonette, for which it received its second name. There are several hybrid varieties. In culture since 1656. Used for vertical gardening.

Photo on the right of Dmitry Vinyarsky

Rock grapes- Vitis rupestris Scheele

Eastern and southeastern regions of North America. Grows in hills, on mountain slopes, on sandy shores.

A weak-climbing vine up to 2 m high with red-violet shoots. The few antennae are poorly developed and easily fall off or are completely absent. The leaves are round, sometimes three-lobed, pubescent when young, folded in half along the main vein. Mature leaves are bare, thin, smooth and shiny on both sides.

The plant is dioecious. Blooms from late June to mid-July. The fruits ripen in September. The berries are spherical, 6-14 mm in diameter, black-purple or violet, with thin skin, good taste. We don’t have any varieties; the natural form is cultivated.

In GBS since 1963, 1 sample (8 copies) was grown from seeds obtained from the crop. At 8 years, the shoots are 4.5 m long. Vegetation period is from the first half of May to the second half of October. Doesn't bloom. Winter hardiness is high (overwinters under snow).

Grows well in sun or partial shade. Fertile, light, non-calcareous soils are preferred. Drought-resistant, does not tolerate stagnant water. Relatively winter-hardy. It is better to remove young plants from their support for the winter so that they are covered with snow. When wintering under snow, it practically does not freeze; in snowless winters it can freeze slightly. On wet soils it is easily affected by root mold. Tolerates prolonged droughts. Easily grows together with grafting. It takes cuttings well. Seeds need stratification. Planting depth is 1 - 1.2 cm.

Single and group plantings on lawns, separately and in combination with other shrubs. The large leaves contrast beautifully with the conifers. Can be displayed as a rare plant. The berries are small, but they are used as food like ordinary grapes.

Location: light-loving, require fertile soils.

Landing: Two to three year olds are planted in autumn or spring. The size of the planting hole is 50 x 50 x 60 cm. The distance between plants is 1 m. Before planting, the seedlings should be dipped in a mash mixture made up of 10 liters of water, 0.4 kg of clay, 0.2 kg of 12% chlorophos and 0.2 kg iron sulfate. The soil mixture consists of humus, peat and sand, taken in a ratio of 3:1:2. The soil reaction is neutral or slightly acidic. Drainage from broken bricks and sand with a layer of 15-20 cm is required.

"Lydia"
Photo of Utkina Maria

Care: Feeding. In June, give 40 g of urea, 80 g of superphosphate and 30 g of potassium chloride diluted in 10 liters of water. Organic matter is applied to weakened plants or foliar feeding is done: 15 g of urea or ammonium nitrate is dissolved in 10 liters of water. Watering. All types of grapes love moisture. Having deep roots penetrating 4 - 5 m into the soil, they tolerate drought for a long time. However, it is better to water once a month with 8 - 10 liters for each plant. If it rains regularly, no watering is required. Loosening and mulching. It is advisable to mulch the tree trunk circles immediately after planting with peat or soil with a layer of 5-7 cm. Loosening is carried out when weeding. Trimming. From June to August, vines grow actively; they are tied to a support and form a crown. Side branches are pruned into two or three buds, strong branches - into 1 /3 length. Preparing for winter. For the winter, it is recommended to remove the vines from the support and insulate them with spruce branches, peat, and leaves. You can add dry, loose soil to the roots in a layer of up to 10 cm.

Diseases and pests: A big disadvantage of Amur grapes and its varieties is their instability against the root form of phylloxera, incomplete resistance to its leaf form, and significant susceptibility to mildew. At the same time, it is resistant to oidium. Other species are less susceptible to diseases and pests.

Reproduction: seeds, cuttings and layering. Seeds are sown in autumn or spring after 2-4 months of stratification. They bloom in 5-6 years. But it’s even easier to propagate grapes using winter cuttings. After two years, the rooted cuttings are planted in open ground.

Usage: wild grapes live a long time. It will make beautiful green arches, screens, trellises, and awnings. It will cover a gazebo, a pergola, a utility block and even the trunks of large trees, and will decorate the facade of a garden house. Lush, luxurious carved foliage turns scarlet in autumn.

Eastern and southeastern regions of North America. Grows in damp thickets of bushes, along river banks.

It is distinguished by its powerful growth (rises to a height of up to 25 m), broadly ovate, mostly 3-lobed, bright green leaves, coarsely toothed along the edge. Flowers in large inflorescences up to 18 cm long. The fruits are purple-black, with a thick bluish coating, inedible, up to 0.8 cm in diameter.

It is undemanding to the soil, drought-resistant, has a form with edible, early-ripening fruits - (f. rgaecox).

One of the best ornamental grapes with beautiful bright green leaves, fragrant flowers, the smell of which resembles the smell of mignonette, for which it received its second name. There are several hybrid varieties. In culture since 1656. Used for vertical gardening.

It makes sense to use edible forms and forms with increased winter hardiness (-30 C) for selection. A number of excellent varieties using this grape have already been created in Primorye. I recommend it, just like the previous type, for well-warmed areas protected from the wind.

The last species from North America to be of particular interest to breeders is Rock grape - Vitis rupestris.

Eastern and southeastern regions of North America. Grows in hills, on mountain slopes, on sandy shores. A weak-climbing vine up to 2 m high with red-violet shoots. The few antennae are poorly developed and easily fall off or are completely absent. The leaves are round, sometimes three-lobed, pubescent when young, folded in half along the main vein. Mature leaves are bare, thin, smooth and shiny on both sides. The plant is dioecious. Blooms from late June to mid-July. The fruits ripen in September. The berries are spherical, 6-14 mm in diameter, black-purple or violet, with thin skin, pleasant taste.

Coastal grape (lat. Vitis riparia)- a representative of the Grape genus of the Vinogradaceae family. Another name is fragrant grapes. Under natural conditions it grows in wet forests and along the river banks of eastern and southeastern North America.

Characteristics of culture

Coastal grape is a powerful vine up to 25 m long with a stem equipped with intermittent tendrils. The leaves are bright green, shiny, broadly ovate, three-lobed, jagged along the edge, up to 18 cm long. The flowers are faded, small, collected in large inflorescences, reaching a length of 10-20 cm. The fruits are spherical, fragrant, purple-black, with a bluish bloom , up to 1 cm in diameter, have a herbaceous taste and are not used for food.

Coastal grapes bloom in June – July for two weeks, the fruits ripen in September. It is frost and drought resistant. Tolerates frosts down to – 30C. Undemanding to soil conditions. Ideal for vertical gardening. It has a form with edible fruits and several hybrid forms. By crossing coastal grapes with Amur grapes, the frost-resistant Buitur variety was obtained. Also, the following varieties were obtained from the grape variety in question: Taiga Emerald, Northern Black, Northern White, etc.

Coastal grapes boast resistance to phylloxera, are easy to take cuttings and can be grafted. Seed germination is low, usually up to 10%. Seeds need preliminary stratification, which lasts about 4-5 months. After stratification, the seeds require heating for 5-7 days, 3-4 hours a day at a temperature of 28-30C.

Landing

In many ways, the health of coastal grapes depends on proper planting. The optimal distance between plants is 1.5-2 m, between varieties with edible fruits - 2.5 m. When growing vigorous varieties for vertical gardening of gazebos and other small architectural buildings, maintain a distance of 2.5-3 m. The crop can be grown in several tiers, in this case the distance should be about 0.7-1 m.

Planting of grape seedlings is carried out in pre-prepared holes, the width of which varies from 40 to 50 cm, and the depth is 10-20 cm more than root system. At the bottom of the hole, a mound is formed from a mixture made up of soil mixed with compost or humus. The heel of the seedling is placed on the top of the equipped mound, and the remaining roots are evenly distributed. The voids of the pit are filled with the remaining soil mixture and trampled down, then watered, loose soil is added, a peg is installed and a low mound is formed

Diseases

The most common and dangerous disease of coastal grapes and other species is mildew. It affects shoots, leaves, buds, flowers and fruits. Foliage affected by mildew becomes distorted, and oily spots with a diameter of about 2-3 cm form on its surface. Subsequently, the foliage becomes covered with a cobwebby gray coating, which later becomes brown. As a result of untimely processing, the leaves dry out and fall off. A similar situation occurs with other parts of the plant. As a rule, mildew crops are affected in May-June due to increased air humidity and high temperatures.

Oidium also poses a danger to grapes. It affects leaves, buds and other above-ground parts of the plant. It is easy to detect - it first appears on the plant. white coating, then black dots, and then spots. Leaves and flowers affected by oidium turn brown and fall off. With severe damage, an unpleasant specific odor appears. The disease is a consequence of hot and dry weather, or sudden changes in temperature.

Anthracnose harms the crop no less than the two previous diseases. It also attacks the above-ground parts of plants. Through holes form on the leaves, and on the berries there are spots with a dark purple border. As a result of the disease, the shoots are deformed and deep wounds appear on them. If the grapes are not processed in a timely manner, they will die.

Delivery Description:

Delivery times range from 7 to 14 days. Depending on the region.
Cost from 150 rubles to 250 rubles on AVERAGE! The price varies depending on the Region and the Weight of the parcel.
The parcel is assigned a tracking number, thanks to which you can track your order.
Delivery costs are calculated automatically through the Russian Post system.

Delivery using "EMS Russian Post"

Delivery Features:

Delivery of EMS shipments is carried out to your home by courier.
The parcel is assigned a tracking number, thanks to which you can track the order throughout the entire delivery time.
EMS shipments are insured for an amount equal to or greater than the order value.
The cost is from 500 rubles and above, depending on the region and the weight of the parcel.
Average delivery times in Russia are 5-8 days
Attention! This type of delivery is only possible with 100% payment of the order

Delivery via courier in Moscow and the region.

To reduce delivery times and improve the quality of service, the AgroBoom store delivers throughout the city of Moscow and the Moscow region using a courier service. If this method is applicable to your order, our operator will contact you and discuss delivery times and a convenient pickup time for you.

Delivery times from 1 to 3 days!
Larger items can be ordered.
Any convenient delivery time.
Within the Moscow Ring Road: 270 rubles
Each km from the Moscow Ring Road: + 15 rubles
Urgent delivery on the day of order: + 200 rubles
Attention! Delivery is FREE: Zelenograd, Mendeleevo, VNIIPP.
Attention! The minimum order for Courier delivery is: 1,000 rubles!.