Insuls in pharmacological science are called special steroid preparations, which allow control of the amount of glucose molecules in the patient's blood. In the modern world in the field of pharmacological production, a large number of diverse insulin means is manufactured. The most common is short and long insulin. The main differences include: species characteristics of raw materials from which it produces this means, methods of production of a substance and duration of action. Today, short insulin is most popular.
The duration of its impact is time to 8 hours. Such a tool has its purpose - quick relief of food intake peaks, as well as the combined therapy of primary diabetes mellitus.
Long insulin is used to simulate the normal production of this hormone by the human body within 24 hours. Depending on the varieties of the drug, it has a period of action from 12 to 30 hours. As varieties of a long hormone, medium duration and long-term drugs are distinguished. Long lowers the level of concentration of glucose molecules contained in the blood improves the ability of muscles and liver to their absorption, accelerates the process of synthesizing protein structures, reduces the time required for the production of sugar molecules with hepatic cells.
People who first encountered primary diabetes mellitus are naturally interested in such questions: how to choose insulin correctly and which insulin is better for administration? These moments are very serious, since the further life and health of the patient depends on the proper selection of the hormone and calculate its dose.
Clinical picture
What do doctors talk about diabetes
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Aronova S. M.
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Selection of a better insulin preparation
For any insulin-dependent diabetics, the use of a properly selected dose of insulin drug is vital.
It should be noted that it is possible to qualitatively choose the correct dosage of the hormone, suitable for a particular patient, possibly only in hospital conditions.
There are several basic rules used by doctors to select the necessary dosage of the drug.
- It is necessary to check the number of blood sugar molecules several times a day. Normal indicators are considered: on an empty stomach - 5-6 mmol / l and after a pair of hours after eating - 8 mmol / l. The maximum deviation from the last indicator is exceeded by 3 mmol / l.
- Choose this hormone is necessary, taking into account the time of day, the number of consumed carbohydrate compounds, the level of patient's mobility before eating and after it.
- Additionally, attention should be paid to the weight of the patient, the availability of other diseases of acute or chronic flow, time and form of use of other medicines. Especially important data indicators have at the time of appointing a permanent course of prolonged proliferation injuries. The reason for this is the lack of dependence of injections from the time of food intake, since when it is used, it creates a permanent margin of a given hormone in the serum of the patient.
- A very important point when selecting good dosage medication is the maintenance of a special diary. In such a diary, indicators of the content of glucose molecules in the composition of the patient's blood, an approximate amount of carbohydrate units consumed during food and a dose of the introduction of a short insulin preparation are made. The analysis is made on an empty stomach. Often the amount of injected means and used carbohydrate units is a proportion of 2 K 1. If the number of glucose molecules in the blood exceeds the permissible one, it is necessary to produce additional introduction of a short preparation.
- The process of selection of an insulin dose from night injections is beginning. When the hormone is introduced in the amount of 10 units, immediately before the departure to sleep, provided that this dose is suitable, the content of glucose in the blood in the morning clock will be no more than 7 mmol / l. When, after the patient's first dose injection, an excessive sweating is observed, an appetite increases, it is necessary to reduce the night dose for a couple of units. The balance between insulin doses is inserted during the day and at night should be 2: 1.
In the case when the dosage of the drug complies with the needs of the body, the content of glucose molecules in serum should not be changed to a greater or smaller side. The molecular amount of glucose must be unchanged during the day.
What insulin is best used
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To determine the best insulin for one particular patient, it is necessary to choose a basal drug. In order to simulate basal production, often use long insulin preparations. Now the pharmacological industry produces insulins of two types:
- middle durations working until 17 o'clock. These drugs include biosuline, insumanium, general, Protafan, Humulin.
- ultrablin duration, their action is up to 30 hours. This is: Lemmer, Tresis, Lantus.
Insulin means Lantus and Levelmir have cardinal differences from other insulins. Differences are that drugs are completely transparent and characterized by another duration of action on the body of the patient with diabetes. The first type of insulin has a white shade and some turbidity, so before applying the medicine must be shaken.
When using medium duration hormones, peak moments can be observed at their concentration. Second-type drugs do not possess such a feature.
The dosage of a long insulin drug must be selected so that the medicine can hold the glucose concentration in the intervals between the meal within allowable limits.
Long insulin due to the need for slower suction, injected under the skin of the hip or buttocks. Short - in the abdomen area or hands.
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The first injections of long insulin are carried out at night with the surgery of sugar every 3 hours. In the case of a significant change in glucose indicators, the dosage adjustment is made. To identify the cause of the night increasing glucose, it is necessary to study the time interval between 00.00 and 03.00. With lower indicators, the insulin dose at night should be reduced.
It is more accurate to determine the necessary amount of basal insulin possible with the complete absence of glucose and short insulin in the blood. Therefore, when evaluating night insulin, dinner must be abandoned.
To obtain a more informative picture, you should not use short insulin, it is not necessary to eat protein or fatty food
To determine the basal hormone, you need to remove one meal or hungry all day. Measurements are made every hour.
Do not forget that all types of insulins, in addition to Lantus and Levemir, have peak secretion. The peak moment of these medicines occurs after 6-8 hours since the introduction. In this watch, a sugar drop may occur, which is corrected by eating bread units.
Such dosage checks must be made every time they change. To understand how sugar behaves in a dynamics, enough of all three days tests. And only on the results of the results obtained, the doctor is able to prescribe a clear dosage of that or another drug.
In order to estimate the basic hormone during the daytime and detect the best preparation, it is necessary to wait from the moment of absorbing the previous meal for five hours. Diabetics applying short insulin are required to withstand the time interval from 6 hours. A group of short insulins is represented by Sansulin, humullin, anktrapism. Ultra-screwed insulin include: Novorahid, Apidra, Humalog. The ultrashort hormone also acts as short as short, but it removed most of the flaws. At the same time, this tool is not able to satisfy the need of the body in insulin.
To give an unequivocal answer to the question of what insulin is the best, it is not possible. But on the recommendation of the doctor, you can choose the correct dosage of the basal agent and short insulins.
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Insulin is a hormone, which is made by endocrine cells of the pancreas. The main task is to maintain carbohydrate balance.
Insulin preparations are prescribed with diabetes mellitus. This condition is characterized by insufficient secretion of the hormone or a violation of its action in peripheral tissues. Medicines differ in each other by the chemical structure and the duration of the effect. Short forms are used to reduce sugar entered in the body with food.
Indication for appointment
Insulin is prescribed to normalize blood glucose levels with various types of diabetes.The following forms of the disease are indications for the use of hormone:
- 1st type of diabetes associated with autoimmune damage to endocrine cells and the development of absolute hormone deficiency;
- The 2nd type for which the relative lack of insulin is characterized due to a defect of its synthesis or a decrease in the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to its action;
- gestational diabetes arising from pregnant women;
- the pancreatic form of the disease, which is a consequence of acute or chronic pancreatitis;
- iniminal types of pathology - Tungsten syndromes, Rogers, MODY 5, neonatal diabetes and others.
In addition to the sugar-based action, insulin preparations have an anabolic effect - contribute to the growth of muscle mass and renewal of bone tissue. This property is often used in bodybuilding. However, in the official instructions for use, this test is not registered, and the introduction of a hormone to a healthy person threatens a sharp drop of glucose in blood - hypoglycemia. Such a state may be accompanied by loss of consciousness up to the development of coma and death.
Types of insulin preparations
Depending on the production method, genetic engineering preparations and human counterparts are distinguished. The pharmacological effect of the latter is more physiologically, since the chemical structure of these substances is identical to the person's insulin. All drugs differ among themselves by duration of action.
During the day, the hormone enters blood at different speeds. Its basal secretion allows you to maintain a stable sugar concentration regardless of meals. Stimulated insulin emission occurs during meals. In this case, the level of glucose enhanced in the body with food containing carbohydrates is reduced. In diabetes mellitus, these mechanisms are violated, which leads to negative consequences. Therefore, one of the principles of treatment of the disease is the restoration of the correct rhythm of the release of the hormone into the blood.
Physiological secretion of insulin
Short-action insulins are used to simulate stimulated secretion of hormone-related hormone. The background level supports medicines with a long action.
Unlike high-speed funds, extended forms are applied regardless of food.
The classification of insulins is presented in the table:
Characteristics of pendial shapes
Prandial insulins are prescribed to correct glucose after meals. They are short and ultrakotov and apply 3 times a day before the main meals. They are also used to reduce the high level of sugar and maintain the background secretion of the hormone using insulin pump.
Medicines differ in time to start action and the duration of the effect.
The characteristic of short and ultrashort drugs is presented in the table:
Method of application and dose calculation
Insulin is released from pharmacies only by a doctor's prescription. Before using the drug, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the method of its application described in the instructions.
Drugs are produced in the form of solutions that are injected into the subcutaneous tissue. A glucose concentration with a glucometer is measured before the prandial insulin. If the sugar level is close to the norm installed for the patient, then short forms are used 20-30 minutes before meals, and ultra-screwed - immediately before meals. If the indicator exceeds the permissible values, the time between injection and food increase.
Insulin solution in cartridges
Dose of drugs is measured in units (units). It is not fixed and separately calculated before breakfast, lunch and dinner. When determining the dosage of the drug, the sugar level is taken into account before the meal and the amount of carbohydrates that the patient plans to consume.
For convenience, use such a concept as a cereal unit (xE). 1 x contains 12-15 grams of carbohydrates. The characteristic of most products is presented in special tables.
It is believed that 1 / insulin reduces the sugar level of 2.2 mmol / l. There is also an approximate need for a preparation on 1 heb during the day. With this data, it is easy to calculate the dose of medication for each meal.
Approximate need for insulin on 1 hee:
Suppose that in a man, patient with diabetes mellitus, blood glucose in the morning on an empty stomach is 8.8 mmol / l (with an individual target - 6.5 mmol / l), and it plans to eat for breakfast 4 x. The difference between the optimal indicator and real - 2.3 mmol / l (8.8 - 6.5). To reduce sugar to the norm without meal meals, 1 units are required, and when eating 4 x - 6 more drugs (1.5 units * 4 xE). So, before meals, the patient needs to introduce 7 units of the prandial means (1 unit + 6 units).
For patients receiving insulin, no compliance with low carbon diet is required. The exceptions are the persons with excess weight or obesity. They are recommended to eat 11-17 x per day. With intensive physical exertion, the amount of carbohydrates may increase to 20-25 x.
Method of performing injections
Fast action preparations are made in bottles, cartridges and ready-made syringe knobs. The solution is introduced using insulin syringes, syringe-handles and special pumps.
A medicine that is not used should be in the refrigerator. The product for daily use is stored at room temperature for 1 month. Before the introduction of insulin, its name is checked, the needle passability, evaluate the transparency of the solution and the shelf life.
Prandial shapes are knocked into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen. In this zone, the solution is actively absorbed and starts to act quickly. The place for injection within this area is changed every day.
Such a technique allows to avoid lipodystrophy - complications arising from a violation of the technique of performing the procedure.
When using the syringe, it is necessary to refer to the concentration of the drug specified on it and the bottle. As a rule, it is 100 units / ml. During the introduction of drugs form a skin fold, the injection is produced at an angle of 45 degrees.
Handle New Arrocation Flexpan for Disposable
There are several types of syringe-handles:
- Executed (ready-to-use) - Preda Solostar, Humalog Quicpen, Novorad Flexpan. After the end of the solution, the handle is recycled.
- Reusable, with a replaceable insulin cartridge - Optiz about, Opticlik, Humapen Ergo 2, Humapen Luxuru, Biomatik Pen.
Reusable handle for the introduction of an ultrashort analogue of Humalog - Humapen Luczura
Before applying, a test is carried out by which the needle's passability is estimated. For this, 3 products of the drug are typing and press the trigger piston. If a drop of a solution appeared at its tip, an insulin injection can be carried out. With a negative result, the manipulation is repeated 2 more times, and then change the needle to the new one. With a rather developed subcutaneous fat layer, the introduction of the means is carried out at right angles.
Insulin pump
Insulin pumps are devices to support both basal and stimulated hormone secretion levels. They establish cartridges with ultrakotoving analogs. The periodic flow of small concentrations of the solution into subcutaneous tissue simulates a normal hormonal background during the day and night, and the additional introduction of the pendial component reduces the sugar from food.
Some devices are equipped with a system measuring blood glucose content. All patients with insulin pumps are touched by their configuration and management.
Modern pharmacology offers patients with diabetes a huge selection of insulin preparations. And today we will talk about what types of insulin are.
Insulin: species
All available insulin preparations are divided into three types (depending on the time of action and the onset of the therapeutic effect):
- "Short";
- "Average";
- "Long."
"Short" insulins
It is the insulin drugs of short action that are most often prescribed to patients having problems with blood sugar.
After the remedy enters the human body, it begins to work after thirty minutes. This translates it into the category of highly efficient drugs used in the treatment of diabetes. Quite often, this type of insulin is assigned simultaneously with long-acting insulin.
To determine the selection, it is necessary to take into account the following factors:
- general condition of the patient;
- place of introduction of funds;
- dosage.
Insulin preparations are most popular, beginning to act for the first 15 minutes after the introduction. These are funds "Apidra", "Humagol" and "Novorad".
Features
Among the high-speed human insulins, the drugs "Humorp" and "Insumad Rapid" are presented. There are practically no difference between them. The only difference is in the amount of residue present in its composition of amino acids.
The "fast" insuls of animal origin also includes drugs "Insulrap SPP", "Iletin II Regular" and others. They are most often prescribed when type II diabetes. Funds from this category contain proteins with a different structure, and therefore are not suitable for all patients. For example, "fast" insulins of animal origin cannot be prescribed to people whose organism is not able to recycle animals lipids.
Reception, dosage, storage of "short" insulins
Take the drug immediately before meals. In this case, it is food that accelerates insulin's absorption, the effect occurs almost immediately.
"Fast" insulins can be taken orally, pre-ranking them to a liquid state.
If the subcutaneous administration of the drug is practiced, the injection must be made approximately 30 minutes before the planned adoption of food.
Dosage to each person, patient with diabetes, is selected individually. For adults, the dose will be 8-24 units per day, and children are no more than 8 units.
Store preparations at a temperature of + 2- + 8 degrees. To do this, the shelf is suitable in the refrigerator door.
"Average" insulins
Diabetics are forced to take medicines that support but each type of diabetes need a certain form of insulin. So the drug having an average duration is used in the case when glucose needs gradual cleavage. It can also be used if at the moment there is no possibility of using a "short" insulin.
Features of "medium" insulins
Preparations have several features:
- they begin to act 10 minutes after the introduction;
- the medium requires quite a lot of time for complete splitting.
- among human insulins - the means "Protafan", "Humulin", "Montotard" and "Homolong";
- among the animals are medicines "Berlinsulin", "Montotard HM" and "Iletin II".
"Long" insulins
It was timely introduced drug that allows diabetics to rejoice in life, without experiencing discomfort caused by a highly different type of insulin drugs from others and what types of insulin of a long-term action exist - about this and talk.
The main difference of insulin in this case is that the effect of the drug continues sometimes more than 24 hours.
In addition, all types of insulin extended in their composition contain chemical catalysts that provide long-term operation of the drug. They also delay sucking sugars. The therapeutic effect occurs in about 4-6 hours, and the duration of action can be up to 36 hours.
Long-term insulins: What types exist
The most frequently appointed drugs are the "determination" and "glagragin". Their main difference is a uniform decrease in blood sugar levels.
Insuls with a long period of action are also the preparations "Ultirtwind", "Ultravente-Iletin-1", "Hüminsulin", "Ultralong", etc.
Drugs are appointed by the attending physician, which further helps to avoid various troubles in the form of side effects.
Use and storage of the drug
Insulin of this type can be entered exceptionally injecting method. Only hitting the body in this way, it begins to work. The injection is put in the forearm, buttock or thigh.
Before applying the bottle, you must shake the mixture inside it with a homogeneous consistency. After that, it is ready for use.
Store the drug under the same conditions that the insulins of short action. Such a temperature regime prevents the formation of flakes and granulation of the mixture, as well as the oxidation of the drug.
Tolerate insulin one, sometimes twice for a day.
The origin of insulin
Differences of insulins - not only in time of action, but also in origin. Animals are distinguished drugs and insulins identical to human.
For preparations from the first category, pigs are used, as well as the biological structure of insulins derived from the leads of the pigs, suits people most. The difference in this case is completely insignificant - only one amino acid.
But the best preparations are, of course, human insulins, which are used most often. Perhaps in two ways:
- The first method is to replace one inappropriate amino acid. In this case, it turns out a semi-synthetic insulin.
- In the second method of producing the drug involved intestinal wand capable of synthesizing the protein. This will be a biosynthetic agent.
Preparations similar to human insulin have a number of benefits:
- to obtain the necessary therapeutic effect, the introduction of smaller doses is required;
- the development of lipodystrophy is relatively infrequent;
- allergies to preparations are practically not observed.
Cleaning degree
Depending on the degree of cleaning, drugs are divided into:
- traditional;
- montopic;
- monocomponent.
Traditional insulins belong to the very first insulin drugs. They contained a huge set of protein impurities, which were the cause of frequent allergic reactions. Currently, the release of such drugs is significantly reduced.
Montopic insulin means have a very small amount of impurities (within acceptable norms). But monocomponent insulins are almost perfectly clean, since the volume of unnecessary impurities is even less than the lower limit.
The main differences between "short" and "long" insulins
| "Long" insulin | "Short" insulin | |
| Place of administration | The injection is placed in the thigh, since in this case the drug is absorbed very slowly | The injection is put in the skin of the belly, since in this case insulin almost immediately starts working |
| Temporary binding | Introduced at the same time (in the morning and evening). Simultaneously with the morning dose there is an injection of "short" insulin | Reception of the drug for 20 - 30 minutes before meals |
| Binding to feed food | Long Insulin is not related to meals | After the introduction of short insulin, food must be adopted. If this is not done, then the likelihood of the development of hypoglycemia arises |
As you can see, the types of insulin (the table shows it clearly) differ in the main indicators. And these features need to be considered.
We looked at all available types of insulin and their action on the human body. We hope that the information was useful. Be healthy!
This page describes different types of insulin and differences between them. Read what drugs are medium, long, short and ultrashort action. Convenient tables contain their trademarks, international names and additional information.
Read the answers to questions:
Middle and long insulin - Protafan, Levemir, Lantus, Tudzhao, as well as the new Tresiba preparation are compared. It is described how to combine them with quick-acting injections before eating - short insulin or one of the ultra-shut-off options for humulog, Novorahid, apida.
Types of insulin and their action: detailed article
You will get the best result from injections if you use them together with and other recommendations. Read more. Keep glucose level 3.9-5.5 mmol / l stable 24 hours a dayAs in healthy people, it is real. All information on this site is free.
Is it possible to do without insulin injuries in diabetes?
Diabetics, which have relatively light impaired glucose metabolicism, manage to keep normal sugar without insulin use. However, they should be mastered insulin therapy, because in any case, they will have to make injections during colds and other infectious diseases. During periods of high load, it is necessary to maintain the pancreas insertion of insulin. Otherwise, after the short-term short disease of diabetes, it may worsen for the rest of his life.
Theory: Required Minimum
As you know, insulin is a hormone that produces the beta cells of the pancreas. It lowers sugar, forcing the fabric to absorb glucose, because of which its blood concentration decreases. It is also necessary to know that this hormone stimulates fat deposition, blocks the decay of adipose tissue. In other words, a high level of insulin makes slimming impossible.
How does insulin act in the body?
When a person begins to eat, the pancreas in 2-5 minutes highlights large doses of this hormone. They help to quickly lead to the blood sugar after a meal, so that it will not long be elevated and did not have time to develop complications of diabetes.
Important! All insulin preparations are very fragile, easily spoil. Examine and diligently follow them.
Also in the body at any time circulates a little insulin in a state of an empty stomach and even when a person is starving many days in a row. This level of hormone in the blood is called the background. If it were zero, there would be a conversion of muscles and internal organs in glucose. Prior to the invention of insulin injuries patients with diabetes type 1 died from it. The course and final of their diseases The ancient doctors were described as "the patient yally in sugar and water." Now with diabetics does not happen. Chronic complications became the main threat.
Many diabetics, which are treated with insulin, believe that low blood sugar and its terrible symptoms cannot be avoided. Actually, you can keep stably normal sugar Even with a severe autoimmune disease. And even more so, with a relatively light diabetes of type 2. There is no need to artificially overstate your blood glucose level to insure against dangerous hypoglycemia.
Check out the video in which it discusses this problem with the father of the child, patient with diabetes type 1. Learn how to balance the power and dose of insulin.
To quickly provide a large dose of insulin to assimilate food, beta cells produce and accumulate this hormone in the intervals between meals. Unfortunately, with any diabetes, this process is violated primarily. Diabetics almost or at all there are no insulin reserves in the pancreas. As a result, sugar in blood after meals remains elevated for many hours. It gradually causes the development of complications.
The background level of insulin is called an empty stomach called basis. To maintain it suitable, they make priorities for durability for night and / or in the morning. These are funds called Lantus, Tudzhao, Leewemir, Tresis and.
Tresiba is so outstanding the drug that the site administration has prepared a video video about him.
Big dose of hormone, which you need to quickly provide for learning food, called a bolus. To give it an organism, makes short or ultra-screw insuls before meals. The simultaneous use of long and fast insulin is called the base-bolus scheme of insulin therapy. It is considered troublesome, but gives the best results.
Read about short and ultrashort insulin preparations:
Simplified schemes do not allow to control the diabetes well. Therefore, the site site is not recommended.
How to choose the appropriate, best insulin?
To establish the treatment of diabetes insulin is impossible in volatiles. It is necessary to spend a few days to carefully understand everything, and then start up to injections. The main tasks that you have to decide:
- Examine or.
- Go to. Diabetics, which also need to take pills according to a diagram with a gradual increase in dosage.
- Track out the dynamics of sugar for 3-7 days, measuring its glucometer at least 4 times a day - in the morning on an empty stomach in front of breakfast, before dinner, before dinner and at night before bedtime.
- At this time, learn and learn the storage rules of insulin.
- Parents of children patients with diabetes type 1, you need to read how to dilute insulin. Many adult diabetics may also need.
- Observe as well.
- Explore the article "", pour in the pharmacy with glucose tablets and keep them at hand.
- Provide yourself with 1-3 types of insulin, syringes or syringe-handle, accurate imported glucometer and test strips to it.
- Based on the accumulated data, select the insulin therapy scheme - determine what drugs do you need, in what hours and in what doses.
- Drive the self-control diary. Over time, when information is accumulated, fill in the table below. Periodically recalculate the coefficients.
About the factors affecting the sensitivity of the body to insulin, read.
Is it possible to do with the introduction of long insulin without the use of short and ultrashort drugs?
Do not prick large doses of extended insulin, hoping to avoid increasing sugar after meals. Moreover, these drugs do not help when you need to quickly knock down the elevated level of glucose. On the other hand, the means of short and ultrashort action, which caused food before meals, can not provide a stable background level for the regulation of metabolism in a state of an empty stomach, especially at night. A one-sole preparation can be done in the easiest cases of diabetes.
What insulin injections do one day?
Drugs of Long Action Lantus, Leewemir and Tresis are officially allowed to introduce once a day. However, strongly recommends Lantus and Levemir prick twice a day. Diabeticians who are trying to do with one level of these types of insulin, glucose exchange is usually bad control.
Tresisiba is the newest extended insulin, each injection of which is valid until 42 hours. It can be pricking once a day, and it often gives good results. Dr. Bernstin switched to this drug with insulin Leewemir, who had used for many years. However, he introduces insulin Tresib twice a day, as before Colole Lemmer. And all other diabetics advises to do the same.
Read about Insulin Preparations:
Some diabetics are trying to replace the introduction of quick insulin before eating several times a day with a single dose of a large dose of a long preparation. This inevitably leads to catastrophic results. Do not go on this path.
This is a big problem. The only way to avoid it is to go on, thanks to which the required insulin dosages are reduced 2-8 times. And the lower the dose, the smaller the scatter of its action. It is not desirable to prick more than 8 units at a time. If you need a higher dose, divide it by 2-3 approximately equal injections. Make them one by one in different places, away from each other, the same syringe.
How do insulin get on an industrial scale?
Scientists have learned how to force the genetically modified Escherichia coli intestinal wand to produce insulin suitable for a person. In this way, a hormone is produced, lowering blood sugar, since the 1970s. Before the technology has mastered the technology with an intestinal stick, diabetics, prone to themselves insulin pigs and cattle. However, it is slightly different from the human, and also had undesirable impurities, which is why frequent and severe allergic reactions were observed. The hormone extracted from animals is no longer used in the West, in the Russian Federation and the CIS countries. All modern insulin is a GMO product.
What is the best insulin?
There is no universal response to this question for all diabetics. It depends on the individual characteristics of your disease. Moreover, after the transition to insulin needs change significantly. Surely dosage will fall and may need to move from one drugs to others. It is not recommended to use, even if it is issued for free, and other extension preparations are not available. Causes are explained below. There is also a table of recommended types of long insulin.
For patients who observe a low-carbon diet, as a bolus insulin before eating, short-acting preparations () are suitable better than ultrashort.
Low-carb products are absorbed slowly, and ultra-screwed drugs act quickly. This is called the incomplete profile profile. It is not desirable before eating a humulog, because it acts the least predictably, often causes jumps of sugar. On the other hand, Humalog is best helped to bring down the elevated sugar, because it begins to act faster than other types of ultrashort and, moreover, short insulin.
To withstand the recommended gap of 4-5 hours between injections, you need to try to breakfast early. To wake up with normal sugar in the morning on an empty stomach, it should be dinner no later than 19:00. If you comply with the recommendation about the early dinner, then you will have a wonderful appetite in the morning.
Diabetics that adhere to a low-carbid diet are required very low doses of fast insulin, compared with patients who are treated according to standard schemes. And the lower the dose of insulin, the more stable they act and there are fewer problems.
Humalog and apida is insulin of what action?
Humalog and apida, as well as Novorahid, is the types of insulin of ultrashort action. They begin to work faster and act more than short-acting drugs, and the humalog is faster and stronger than the others. Short drugs are a real human insulin, and ultra-screwed - slightly modified analogues. But it is not necessary to pay attention. All short and ultrashort drugs have the same low risk of allergies, especially if you observe and prick them in low doses.
What insulin is better: humulog or new archite?
It is officially believed that ultra-screwed drugs Humalog and Novorahid, as well as the apida act with the same force and speed. However, it says that Humalog is stronger than two others, and also begins to act a little faster.
All these funds are not very well suited for injections before the food diabetics, which are observed. Because low-carb products are absorbed slowly, and ultrashort drugs quickly begin to lower blood sugar. Their profiles are not coincided. Therefore, for the assimilation of eaten proteins and carbohydrates, it is better to use a short action insulin - an Actrapide Nm, Humulin Regular, Insun Rapid GT, Biosulin P or Other.
On the other hand, Humalog and other ultra-screwed drugs are rapidly increased sugar than short. Patients with heavy type 1 diabetes may need to use 3 types of insulin at the same time:
- Extended
- Short on food
- Ultrakorty for emergency cases, rapidly knocking up increased sugar.
Perhaps a good compromise will be the use of the drug Novorad or apida as a universal means instead of humalog and short insulin.
Insulin of extended action
The model of intensive insulin therapy should replace the physiological selection of insulin, both basic and after meals. In people with type 1 diabetes, the only possibility of replacing the basic insulin isolation is the use of extended insulin.
Basic insulin is about 40-60% of the daily need of the body. In the ideal situation, the dose of basal insulin should cover the need between meals, and the introduction of a short action insulin will adjust the postprandial glycemia.
In case of disease, sugar diabetes requires supporting insulin therapy. For the treatment of the disease, short insulin and long insulin are used. On compliance with all medical prescriptions, the quality of life of diabetics depends largely.
Effective extended insulin is needed when it is necessary to level the level of glucose in an empty stomach. The most common long-term insuls are considered to be Lantus, which the patient should be entered once in 12 or 24 hours.
Determines the need for insulin treatment and appoints specific medical preparations at the attending physician, and from clear compliance with the recommendations of the patient depends on a positive forecast for the treatment of the disease.
Long insulin has an amazing property, it is able to mimic a natural hormone, which is produced by the cells of the pancreas. At the same time, it relates to such cells, stimulates their recovery, which in the future eliminates replacement insulin therapy.
Explosion injections need to be done by patients who have an increased level of sugar during the day, but it should be ensured that the patient consumes food no later than 5 hours before bedtime. Also, long insulin is appointed with the symptom of the "morning dawn", in the case when the liver cells begin at night before the patient wakes up, neutralizing insulin.
If a short insulin is needed to prick in the afternoon to reduce the level of glucose coming with food, then long insulin guarantees an insulin background, serves as excellent prevention, it also helps to restore the beta cells of the pancreas. Explosion injections deserve attention to the fact that they help to normalize the patient's condition and ensure that the second type diabetes has not passed into the first type of disease.
Correct dose of long insulin at night
To maintain a normal lifestyle patient, you need to learn how to correctly calculate the dosages of Lantus, Protafana or Levelmir overnight, so that the glucose level of an empty stomach holds at 4.6 ± 0.6 mmol / l.
For this, during the week, the sugar level should be measured for the night and on an empty stomach. Then it should be considered the value of sugar in the morning minus yesterday's value at night and calculate the increase, it will give an indicator of the minimum dosage.
For example, if the minimum sugar increase is 4.0 mmol / l, then the 1-1d insulin is able to reduce this indicator by 2.2 mmol / l in humans weighing 64 kg. If your weight is 80 kg, we use the following formula: 2.2 mmol / l * 64 kg / 80 kg \u003d 1.76 mmol / l. The dose of insulin for a person weighing 80 kg should be 1.13 units, this number is rounded to the nearest quarter and get 1,25.
It should be noted that Lantus cannot be diluted, so it needs to prick 1st or 1.5 each, but the Leewemir can be diluted and find the necessary value. On the following days, it is necessary to monitor what kind of sugar will be on an empty stomach and increase or reduce the dosage. It is chosen correctly and correctly if the sugar is no more than 0.6 mmol / l during the week, if the value is higher, then try to increase the dosage by 0.25 edition every three days.
Source: http://diabetanety.com/diabet/prodlennyj-insulin.
Insulin of lengthy: when assigned and how is used
There are no absolute cure methods from diabetes in the world. But the use of prolonged drugs allows you to reduce the number of necessary injections and noticeably improve the quality of life.
Attention!
What is the significance of insulin of long-term action in the human body? Medium and long-term preparations are introduced with diabetics 1-2 times a day (in the morning and in the evening) and are basic. The peak of the effectiveness of long insulin occurs after 8-10 hours, but the sugar decrease is noticeably after 3-4 hours.
How to choose a dose of insulin, sufficient for humans: small volumes (no more than 10 units) are effective about 12 hours, more drug - up to day. If extended insulin is prescribed in a dosage greater than 0.6 units per 1 kg of mass, then the injection is made in several steps in different places (shoulder, thigh, belly).
What gives such treatment?
Insulin of prolonged action is required to maintain the level of glucose on an empty stomach. Only a specialist, on the basis of a patient self-monitoring, can determine whether the patient needs a short action in the injection of a short action before each meal and medium-sized meal.
Important. Insulin of long-acting is a complete replacement of the basal hormone secreted by the pancreas. He also slows down the death of beta cells.
Improper application
Long drugs are not used to stabilize glucose after meals. They will not be able to quickly. It is explained by a sufficient slow way out of the peak of efficiency than different from short funds.
Injections are not on schedule can greatly affect human health:
Action at night and morning clock
People with diagnosed are almost always increased sugar in the morning. This means that at night the body lacks long insulin. But before demanding to appoint a extended hormone, the doctor must be checked when a person is last eats. If the meal takes place for five or less hours before sleep, the background preparations of long action stabilize sugar will not help.
Poorly explained by experts and the phenomenon of the Morning Dawn. Shortly before the awakening, the liver is rapidly neutralized hormones, which leads to hyperglycemia. And even if you adjust the dose, all the same, this phenomenon makes itself felt.
The effect on the body of this phenomenon determines the injection mode: the injection is done in eight or less hours to the approximate moment of awakening. After 9-10 hours, extended insulin acts much weaker.
The drug of long action can not support the level of sugar and in the morning. If this happens, it means that the doctor was prescribed an excessive amount of hormone. Excess drug is fraught with hypoglycemia. In a dream, by the way, it can manifest itself in the form of anxiety and nightmares.
In order to avoid such a state, you can make such an inspection: four hours after the injection you need to wake up and measure the level of glucose. If the indicator is less than 3.5 mmol / l, then the extended insulin is desirable to prick in two stages - immediately before bedtime and after another 4 hours.
The use of such a mode allows you to reduce the dose to 10-15%, control the phenomenon of the Morning Dawn and wake up with the perfect blood sugar.
Common prolonged drugs
Among the hormones of long action, the following names are most often featured (according to radar):
- ultrahed;
- Humulin;
- insumbazal;
- Glargin;
- Deterier.
The last two samples are characterized as having the most even effect on glucose. Such prolonged insulin ourselves is only once a day and does not provoke the development of hypoglycemia at night. It is considered promising in the field of insulin therapy.
The long-term effect of insulin Lantus (form of release of the Gurggina) can be explained by very slow suction at subcutaneous administration. True, to save this effect every time you need to choose a new place of the injection.
Dose of Insulin Lantus is prescribed for long-term stabilization of glucose in the body (up to day). The tool is available in cartridges and syringe knobs with a volume of 3 ml and bottles with 10 ml of the drug. Duration of action - from 24 to 29 hours. True, the influence throughout the day largely depends on the physiological characteristics of a person.
With the first type of diabetes, the insulin of the extended lantus is appointed as the main one, with the second - can be combined with a number of other sucroponic drugs.
When moving from short and medium samples to prolonged insulin in the first days, the dosage and inject schedule is adjusted. By the way, in recent years there is a certain tendency in which patients are trying to translate into ultralline drugs to reduce the number of injections and improving the quality of life.
Ultrandic effect
The long-term insulins described above are the most effective. It also distinguishes them and absolute transparency: they do not need to shabby, roll in their hands to ensure the uniform distribution of precipitate. Along with Lantus, Lemmer is the most stable drug, its characteristics are similar for diabetics with both types of disease.
Attention!
It is worth noting that long forms still have a slight peak of their activity. In turn, these drugs have no. And the peculiarity must be taken into account in the process of adjusting the dose.
The basal drug is calculated based on the possibility of maintaining the constant, stable level of blood sugar. Permissible oscillations - no more than 1.5 mmol / l. However, during the day after injection, this happens, in principle, should not. As a rule, the extended drug is ourselves in the thigh or buttock. Here the fat layer slows down the suction of the hormone into the blood.
Often, inexperienced diabetics trying to replace the short on a long insulin, which is impossible to do. After all, each type of hormone is required to perform a strictly defined function. Therefore, the patient's task is to strictly observe the appointed insulin therapy.
Only if you correctly use insulin extended action, it is possible to achieve a constant normal indicator on.
Source: http://diabet-expert.ru/insulin/insulin-dlitelnogo-dejstviya.html.
Insulin of extended action and its name
Sugar diabetes is characterized by the inability to the organism to split glucose, as a result of which it settles in the blood, causing various disorders in the functionality of the tissues and internal organs. With this, due to insulted insulin production by the pancreas.
And in order to fill this hormone in the body, the doctors write down their patients with long-term insulin. What is it and how do these drugs apply? About this and many other things now and will be discussed.
Why are insulin injection required?
Insulin of prolonged action ensures control over blood glucose level on an empty stomach. These drugs are prescribed only by a doctor when independent research by the patient of blood with a glucometter for a week notes significant violations of this indicator in the morning hours.
In this case, insulins of short, medium or long-term action can be appointed. The most effective in this regard is undoubtedly the drugs are long-term action. They are used to treat 1 and 2 types of diabetes. Entered intravenously 1-2 times a day.
It should be noted that the prolonged insulin can be assigned even in cases where diabetics already puts a short-acting injection. Such therapy allows you to give the body to support it and prevent the development of many complications.
Important! The assignment of insulin prolonged action occurs when there is a complete dysfunction of the pancreas (it ceases to produce a hormone) and there is a rapid death of beta cells.
Long insulin begins to act already 3-4 hours after administration. At the same time, there is a decrease in blood sugar levels and a significant improvement in the state of the patient. The maximum effect of its application is observed after 8-10 hours. The result achieved can be saved from 12 to 24 hours and it depends on the dosage of insulin.
The minimum effect allows you to achieve insulin dose in the amount of 8010 units. They act for 14-16 hours. Insulin in the amount of 20 units. And it is more able to keep the blood sugar levels in the norm about a day. It should be noted that if the drug is prescribed in dosages of more than 0.6 units. per 1 kg of weight, then 2-3 injections are put at once in different parts of the body - thigh, hand, belly, etc.
It is important to properly use extended insulin. It is not used to stabilize blood glucose after eating, as it does not act so quickly, as, for example, a short action insulin. Moreover, it is necessary to put insulin injections strictly on schedule.
If you pass the time of injection or extend / shorten the gap in front of them, it can lead to a deterioration in the overall state of the patient, since the glucose level will constantly "jump", which increases the risks of the development of complications.
Long-term insulins
Subcutaneous injections of longer action allow diabetics to get rid of the need to take medicines several times a day, as they provide control over blood sugar during the day. This action is determined by the fact that all types of prolonged insulin are in their composition chemical catalysts that extend their effectiveness.
In addition, these drugs have another function - they slow down the process of sugar sucks in the body, thereby ensuring the improvement of the overall condition of the patient. The first effect after putting the injection is celebrated after 4-6 hours, and it can be maintained for 24-36 hours depending on the severity of diabetes.
Name of insulin-containing drugs for long-term action:
- Determination;
- Glargin;
- Ultrapard;
- Humin Sulin;
- Ultramong;
- Lantus.
These drugs should be appointed only by the attending physician, as it is very important for a medicinal product, which will avoid the occurrence of side effects after the injection. The drug is introduced subcutaneously to the area of \u200b\u200bthe buttocks, hips and forearm.
Store these medicines are necessary at a temperature of minus 2 degrees (in the refrigerator). This will avoid the oxidation of the drug and the appearance of a granular mixture in it. Before use, the bottle must necessarily shake so that its contents become homogeneous.
New insulins continuously actions differ in effect and composition. Conditionally, they are divided into two groups:
- identical to human hormones;
- animal origin.
The first is extracted from the pancreas of cattle and 90% of diabetics are well tolerated. And they differ from insulins of animal origin only by the number of amino acids. Such drugs are more expensive, but have a lot of advantage:
- To obtain the maximum therapeutic effect, the introduction of smaller doses is required;
- Lipodystrophy after their introduction is observed much less often;
- These drugs do not cause allergic reactions and can easily be used to control blood sugar levels in allergy.
Quite often, inexperienced diabetics independently replace short-acting preparations for long-term. But it is categorically impossible to do this. After all, each of these medicines performs its functions. Therefore, to normalize blood sugar and improve their well-being, in no case cannot be accelerated by treatment. Only a doctor should do it.
Short review
Preparations whose names will be described below, in no case can not be applied without appointing a doctor! Incorrect use of their use may result in serious consequences.
Basajar
The means is introduced subcutaneously, not more than 1 time per day. Put injections are recommended before bedtime at the same time. The use of bassagra is quite often accompanied by the appearance side Effects, among which are the most common are:
- allergy;
- Edems of the lower extremities and face.
Tresiba
This is one of the best preparations that is an analogue of human insulin. It is transferred 90% of patients well. Only in some diabetics its use provokes the occurrence of an allergic reaction and lipodystrophy (with long use).
Tresis is referred to superclocking insuls that can keep blood sugar under control to 42 hours. This drug is introduced 1 time per day at the same time. Its dosage is calculated individually.
Such a long duration of this drug is due to the fact that components included in its composition contribute to improving the process of insulin processing by cells by the body and reducing the production rate of this element of the liver, which makes it possible to achieve a significant decrease in blood sugar levels.
But this fund has its drawbacks. Only adults can apply it, that is, he is contraindicated to children. In addition, its use to treat diabetes is impossible in women during the period and lactation, as this can adversely affect the health status of the future kid.
Lantus
Also is an analogue of human insulin. Entered subcutaneously, 1 time per day at the same time. Act starts 1 hour after the introduction and retains its effectiveness for 24 hours. It has analogue - Glargin.
The feature of Lantus is that it can be used over the age of 6 years. In most cases, transferred well. Only in some diabetics provokes the appearance of an allergic reaction, the swelling of the lower extremities and lipodystrophy.
In order to prevent the development of lipodystrophy with long-term use of this drug, it is recommended to periodically change the place of injection. You can do it in the shoulder, thigh, belly, buttocks, etc.
Lemmer
It is a soluble basal analogue of human insulin. It operates for 24 hours, which is caused by the insulin molecules expressed by self-assessment of the Insulin Molecules in the field of injection and the binding of the drug molecules with an albumin with an oily acid chain.
Attention!
This drug is introduced subcutaneously 1-2 times a day, depending on the needs of the patient. It can also provoke the occurrence of lipodystrophy, and therefore the place of injecting the placement must be constantly changed, even if the injection is placed in the same area.
Remember that prolonged insulins are strong drugs that need to be used strictly according to the scheme, not missing the time of injection. The scheme of application of such drugs is signed individually by the doctor, as well as their dosage.
