Siberian frog - Rana amurensis Boulender, 1886
Order Tailless amphibians – Anura
Appearance.
The color varies from grayish-olive to grayish-brown. A well-defined dorsomedial stripe runs from the cloaca to eye level. The temporal spot is absent. The skin of the sides and thighs is lumpy and covered with red or maroon grains.
The ventral side is off-white or yellowish in color with well-defined red-orange marbling. The calcaneal tubercle is low. During the breeding season, the nuptial callus is well defined on the forelimbs of males, which has the following shape: the metacarpal part on the palmar side is divided into two lobules, and on the medial side it is whole.
Spreading.
Some sources indicate that the Siberian frog is found as far as the Arctic Circle. According to other sources, in its spread to the north it reaches Turukhansk. There is evidence that it has not been found anywhere in the southern, middle subzones of the taiga.
The first Siberian frog on the bank of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River near the Chamba cordon was found on 06/04/2010, and on September 12, approximately in the same place, a dead individual of this species was found.
On the territory of the region it was noted in the vicinity of the village. Motygino (reserve "Motyginskoe multi-island"), on an artificial pond and in the floodplain of the river. Alezhinki, near the village. Mokrusha, lake Kananchul near the village. Ust-Kananchul, lake. Kungul near the village Novogorodka (Kana forest-steppe), on lakes Kurbatovskoye, Sosnovoe and Kopytovo, the oxbow river. Chulyma (Achinsk forest-steppe), a wetland in the vicinity of the village. Russian. Diptera - 63.1% - and Coleoptera - 14.4% are used as ball objects.
Number and limiting factors.
Unknown in the region, the average density in the Kansk forest-steppe was 314.1 individuals/ha, in Krasnoyarsk - 10, in Achinsk - 15.8. Regular fluctuations in the number of amphibians largely depend on temperature, humidity, activity feed objects, the actions of predators and anthropogenic influence. Decrease in the abundance of the species in habitats in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and adjacent territories occurs due to drainage and pollution of habitats, as well as other factors of anthropogenic origin.
Security measures.
Special measures to protect the species have not been developed in the region. First of all, it is necessary to study the spatial distribution and identify key habitat areas. Already today, on the lakes where the species lives, the protection regime should be strengthened, up to the creation of specialized micro-reserves.
Information sources. 1. Gorodilova, 2010; 2. Kuranova, 1998; 3. Bannikov et al., 1971; 4. Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980; 5. Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995; 6. V.Yu. Sopin – oral message; 7. Kuzmin, 1999; 8. Munkhboyar, 1973; 9. Shkatulova, 1978; 10. Krivosheev, 1966; 11. Kutenkov, 2009.
Compiled by: S.N. Gorodilova, A.A. Baranov. Photo: Svetlana Gorodilova, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
The range of the Siberian frog reaches the Arctic Circle and covers the region of the Pole of Cold in Yakutia, where winter temperatures often drop below -40 °C. Although the species' resistance to freezing has not yet been thoroughly studied, it, along with the Siberian salamander, is probably the most cold-resistant among the amphibians of Eurasia.
The huge range of the Siberian frog covers almost all of Siberia and the Far East, including Sakhalin, as well as Northern Mongolia, the northeast and Korea. In the west, the border of the range reaches the Sverdlovsk region (about 64° east longitude), in the north in Yakutia - up to 71° north latitude. Several populations are known beyond the Arctic Circle. The species lives on some islands in the sea, rivers and lakes. It rises up to 500 m into the mountains.
CLOSE TO WATER
The Siberian frog is found in coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, along river valleys it penetrates into the forest-steppe and forest-tundra, preferring floodplain forests and lowland swamps, wet meadows, floodplains of rivers and lakes. As a rule, it does not move away from the banks of water bodies, where it hides in case of danger. Wintering of Siberian frogs lasts from September-October to April-May and usually takes place at the bottom of non-freezing reservoirs: in oxbow lakes, ponds, holes at the bottom of channels at a depth of 1-2 m, where accumulations of up to 2000 individuals are formed. Less commonly, these amphibians overwinter on land: in the forest floor, in moss or under tree roots at a depth of 20-30 centimeters, up to 60 individuals together.
QUIET SOLO AND LOUD CHORUS
In the spring, frogs appear on the surface after wintering, when the weather is still very unstable and there is still ice on the reservoirs. They are looking for a suitable place for breeding: a pond, a water meadow, a ditch, a puddle, a hole or a small oxbow lake. Sometimes spawning occurs in semi-flowing reservoirs and coastal lagoons with slightly brackish water. The first to arrive here are the males, who can be distinguished by the dark nuptial callus on the first toe of the forelimbs. Their friends come over a few days later. Unlike most other species of frogs, the Siberian frog does not have resonators, and therefore mating calls are low and quiet. However, the general chorus can be heard at a distance of up to 100 meters.
Mating of the Siberian frog takes 4-6 hours and occurs on the surface of the water or underwater at the bottom of the reservoir. The female lays from 270 to 4000 eggs in one or two clumps at a depth of up to 40 cm, usually attaching the clutch to aquatic plants.
After swelling it floats up. The density of masonry can reach 40 pieces per 1 square. m. The diameter of the egg with shells is 6-7 millimeters, the egg is 1.6-2.1 millimeters.
Spawning lasts from 2 weeks to 2 months.
THEY GROW FASTER IN WARM TIMES
Depending on the water temperature, larvae 7-8 mm long emerge after 3 or 20 days. They are translucent, dark gray, with small brown spots. From 25 to 84 days, tadpoles actively swim, eating microscopic algae, detritus and zooplankton, and grow to 34-45 mm. However, after metamorphosis in July - early August, having turned into frogs, individuals become 2-3 times smaller. Their diet also changes. Now they eat adult frog food: insects and their larvae, spiders, worms, mollusks, woodlice and aquatic invertebrates. In the second year of life, red spots appear on the belly of the young, and at three years, with a body length of over 40 mm, the frogs can continue the race.
VERY DURABLE
Many predators feed on frogs: fish (pike, catfish, taimen, lenok), amphibians (lake and black-spotted frogs), snakes (common and tiger snake, patterned snake, common viper and Ussuri copperhead), mammals (otter, badger, weasel, raccoon dog and muskrat), birds of prey and corvids (harriers, spotted eagles, kites, herons). Up to 80% of clutches can die from frost or from drying out of temporary reservoirs. Despite this, there are enough frogs for everyone and the state of the species does not cause concern.
The creation of hydroelectric power stations in the area has a much stronger effect on population numbers. large rivers Siberia, drainage of reservoirs, death on highways, mass catching for the purposes of education and medicine, illegal collection and export for the purposes of Chinese traditional medicine. But the Siberian frog can still cope with these loads, only on the periphery of its range it is found sporadically, it is rare and is included in the Red Books of nine regions of Russia.
INTERESTING FACTS
For a long time all representatives of the genus of brown frogs living in Siberia and on Far East, zoologists attributed it to a widespread species - the grass frog (Rana temporaria). And only in 1886, the famous European herpetologist G. A. Boulanger described a new independent species from the Amur River valley - the Siberian frog. The Siberian frog differs from the sharp-faced and Far Eastern frogs, also belonging to the genus Rana, by bright red spots on the belly and the absence of resonators in males, and from the lake and black-spotted frogs by also dark temporal spots.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF
Class: amphibians.
Order: tailless amphibians.
Family: true frogs.
Genus: brown frogs.
Species: Siberian, or Amur, frog.
Latin name: Rana amurensis.
Size: body length - up to 8.5 centimeters.
Color: olive-gray or brown above with dark spots and red specks, a narrow light stripe in the middle of the back, belly white or grayish with bright red merging spots.
Life expectancy of the Siberian frog: up to 11 years.
CLASS AMPHIBIANS (AMPHIBIAS) - AMPHIBIA ORDER TAILLESS - ANURA
Frog Family - Ranidae
SIBERIAN FROG - Rana amurensis
Distribution and abundance. The Siberian frog is distributed from the eastern slopes of the Ural ridge and further to the east, occupying a vast territory throughout Western and Eastern Siberia, Transbaikalia, the Ussuri region and most of Yakutia. It inhabits Sakhalin Island and the Southern Kuril Islands. It is a common species in most of these areas. Its numbers especially increase where the sharp-faced frog is absent. There, in the southern regions, up to 500 individuals per hectare can be found. In the Tomsk region, frogs were found only in the floodplain of the Ob and its large tributaries - Chulym, Keti, Parabeli, etc.. In the middle taiga (Narym) the maximum number was noted - 422 individuals / ha on floodplain islands with an abundance of reservoirs. To the south, in the Kolpashevo floodplain, the number is 13 times lower.
Biotopes. It lives most often in damp meadows, is found in hummocky tundra swamps, and in clearings among swampy taiga. Preferred habitats, like those of the sharp-faced fish, are forest edges, bush thickets and lake basins. In Transbaikalia it is common in steppe habitats, but lives there near water bodies. In the Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions it is found together with the sharp-faced frog; it can be especially often found in the north of these regions.
Activity. There was no special study of daily activity in this species, but it was noted that frogs are active in the morning and evening twilight. Hunting frogs were also seen during the day, so their activity can be described as polyphasic, around the clock. Individual areas are small, like those of the sharp-faced frog.
Nutrition. They feed on terrestrial insects, most often beetles. However, fillies, ants, and caterpillars are also found in the food. Amphibians that live near bodies of water eat water beetles and mollusks. The food of the Siberian frog in the Tomsk region is invertebrate animals of the herbaceous layer, but there are also moisture-loving forms - dragonflies, earthworms, shellfish.
Wintering. They go to winter in September – early October. In the south of the region - at the end of October. For this purpose he looks for cracks in the ground and piles of stones. It often overwinters in rodent burrows and mole holes. It can also overwinter in thickets of swampy water bodies and in wells. Appears after wintering at the end of March - beginning of April with the melting of snow. In the Tomsk region, the duration of the active period is 150-160 days; they remain active until mid-late September. They winter in stagnant floodplain reservoirs.
Reproduction. 8 – 10 days after waking up from hibernation, reproduction begins. Males are silent, making only quiet sounds. Mating takes place underwater. Females spawn in reservoirs from two weeks to a month. Eggs dark brown color. The reservoirs chosen are small, well-heated and usually slowly flowing. The female lays eggs in the form of two lumps, with a total of 1000 to 1600 eggs. The beginning of spawning in the Tomsk region is the second ten days of May. For mating and laying eggs, frogs use small lakes with an area of 100 to 250 m2 and temporary reservoirs of floodplain depressions with a depth of 0.3-1.2 m. They are open, well lit, overgrown with grass and hummocks. The fertility of frogs varies from 260 to 1390 eggs per clutch.
Development. The larvae hatch in 6-10 days. At first they hang, clinging to the leaves of underwater plants, then, having been used to the end nutrients eggs begin to feed on their own. They eat phyto- and zooplankton, and also eat silt. The tadpoles are dark gray on top with small spots and specks, the bottom is solid gray, and their body is very transparent. The development of the tadpole lasts 30-40 days, and it reaches 4-6 cm in length. A short metamorphosis follows, and the tadpole turns into a frog. The baby frog, which usually comes ashore at the end of May, has a body length of less than 2 cm. It leaves the reservoir to return to the water for reproduction only after 3-4 years. In the Tomsk region, the duration of egg development is 14-20 days, larval development is 30-45 days, and metamorphosis is extended until the beginning of August. The length of underyearlings during the period of mass emergence on land is 19.5 mm.
Description and taxonomy. Body length 38-84 mm. The muzzle is moderately pointed. The resonators of males are reduced. The tibia is 1.75-2.4 times shorter than the body. If the lower legs are positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body, the ankle joints touch or slightly overlap. If the hind leg is extended along the body, the ankle joint usually does not reach the level of the eye. The inner calcaneal tubercle is small, 2.3-5.6 times shorter than the 1st toe of the hind leg. Grayish or gray-brown above with dark spots. The temporal spot is large. From the level of the eyes to the cloaca there is a light dorsomedial stripe with clear edges. The skin of the sides and thighs is granular; the grains are often red. The belly is white or yellowish-white with large, partially merging blood-red spots of irregular shape. The latter may alternate with dark spots. The belly becomes lighter during the mating season. Unlike the female, the male has nuptial calluses on the first toe of his front feet.
Rana amurensis belongs to the group of brown frogs. Until recently, its taxonomic position was unclear, as can be seen from the list of synonyms. Now the validity of the species is beyond doubt. Rana amurensis is morphologically and karyologically most similar to R. asiatica, from which it is isolated geographically. 2 subspecies are recognized. One of them lives in Russia - Rana amurensis amurensis Boulenger, 1886.
Spreading. It lives in Western and Eastern Siberia, the Russian Far East, Korea, northern and central Mongolia and northeastern China. In Russia, the northern border of the range runs to the northeast from the Sverdlovsk region. (the westernmost points of finds are the outskirts of the city of Turinsk: 58o02" N, 63o41" E and the village of Lenino, Tavdinsky district) to the Tyumen region. (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, lower reaches of the Irtysh river: approx. 60°N, 68°E - north along the Irtysh and Ob rivers to the village of Batovo and the village of Pasnokort, Oktyabrsky district: approx. 61°N. sh., 67o E - Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nadymsky district, Nadymsky reserve: approx. 65o33" N, 72o29" E). Further, the border turns southeast to the southern part Krasnoyarsk Territory(Boguchansky district, environs of Chunoyar settlement: approx. 58o N, 96o E) and Irkutsk region. (Ust-Ilim area: 58o00" N, 102o36" E). Then the border runs northeast to Yakutia approximately along the line: the upper reaches of the river. Vilyui - upper reaches of the river. Markha (approx. 66o N, 114o E) - Zhigansk city on the river. Lena (approx. 67o N, 124o E) - upstream of the river. Lena to the villages of Siktyakh and Buuru (approx. 70o30"N, 125oE) - Lake Khayyr in the area of the lower reaches of the Omoloi River (approx. 71oN, 133oE). Further, the border runs southeast approximately along the line: Verkhoyansk district, Tylgys village (30 km north of the Arctic Circle) - Verkhnekolyma district, Usun-Kyuel village (approx. 67o40" N, 155o E .) - Magadan region. (Srednekansky district, villages of Balygychan and Seymchan, approx. 63o N, 152o E). The border then goes south towards the coast Sea of Okhotsk. some data on R. amurensis in northern Yakutia between 70 and 72°N. need checking.
The southern border of the range runs approximately along the line: Sverdlovsk region. (Turinsk) - northeast of the Kurgan region. (Makushinsky district, environs of the village of Stepnoe: approx. 55°N, 67°E) - south of the Tyumen region. (Armizonsky district: approx. 56oN, 67o40"E) - Omsk region (Sargatsky district, left bank of the Irtysh river: approx. 55o40"N, 73o20"E . - Nizhneomsky district, Om river: approx. 55o28" N, 75 ov.) - Novosibirsk region. (Krasnozersky district, Bespyatoye village: approx. 53o30" N, 79o E) - Altai Mountains (right bank of the Katun River in its lower reaches, foothills of the Altai Mountains: approx. 52o N. , 86o E) - Kemerovo region - Khakassia (Krasnaya station in the upper reaches of the Chulym river: approx. 55o N, 90o E) - south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - southwest of the Irkutsk region - Buryatia ( Tunka village, Irkut river valley: approx. 51o30"N, 102o. longitude - Dzhida river valley - Kyakhta city on the Selenga river near the border with Mongolia), then beyond the border of the USSR. Thus, the distribution of the species is limited to the southwest of the Altai-Sayan mountain system. The Siberian frog penetrates its northern foothills only in some places along the river valleys. Both the northern and southern boundaries of the range require further study. The rarity and sporadic distribution of the species here poses difficulties for the researcher.
Lifestyle. The Siberian frog lives in coniferous (spruce, fir, larch, etc.), mixed and deciduous forests, with which it penetrates into the tundra and forest-steppe zones. Often found in open, damp places: wet meadows, swamps, overgrown lake shores, river banks and clearings in forests with abundant vegetation and tree litter. The connection with reservoirs (overgrown river valleys with floodplain ponds and lakes) is especially characteristic in the southernmost and northernmost regions. In the south of Primorsky Krai, the Siberian frog avoids dense forests and is found mainly in wet meadows with secondary small-leaved forests or in bushes along river valleys. IN Western Siberia The Siberian frog is found from the middle taiga to the southern forest-steppe (possibly to the steppe). In the subzones of the middle and southern taiga, it prefers floodplain swamps, and to a lesser extent, meadows; gravitates toward floodplains (Ravkin et al., 1995). In subtaiga forests it lives in lowland swamps and meadows, in riverine spruce-birch waterlogged forests. In the forest-steppe zone it lives mainly on rafts of large lakes, less often in other biotopes. The abundance of the species is maximum in the southern taiga subzone and probably decreases to the east of Western Siberia. Reproduction occurs in small lakes, ponds, large puddles and swamps with standing water. In most of its range, the Siberian frog is a common or numerous species.
Wintering from early September - early November (usually October) until March - early June (usually until April - May), depending on latitude, in holes at the bottom of lakes and rivers, in wells, in groups. There are observations of mass migration to such reservoirs.
Reproduction in the southern part of the range occurs in March - April (in other parts usually in May), while in the cold northern regions the breeding season can extend until the first half of July. There are no marriage choirs. Amplexus axillary. Metamorphosis in June - August. The Siberian frog feeds mainly on terrestrial invertebrates; the diet varies according to biotopes. Aquatic organisms are sometimes consumed, especially common in the northern parts of the frog's range.
Status of populations The creation of hydroelectric power plants on large rivers in Siberia has had a negative impact on populations of the Siberian frog (Amphibian, 1995). For example, the species practically disappeared from some mountain ranges after the creation of the Zeya Reservoir and the flooding of frog biotopes (including breeding reservoirs) (Kolobaev, 1990). There are known cases of drainage of water bodies and mass capture of the species for educational purposes. The Siberian frog is often found in landscapes modified by humans, especially in open areas: hay meadows, vegetable gardens, pastures, overgrown quarries, etc. (e.g. Tagirova, 1984). Its populations are found even in villages and some cities (for example, in Ussuriysk). The Siberian frog is a generally common or abundant species. However, on the periphery of its range it is rare and distributed sporadically. Therefore, it is listed in the Red Books of the Middle Urals (Perm and Sverdlovsk region) and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Lives in 19 (or 24) nature reserves in Russia
http://www.sevin.ru/vertebrates/index.htmlll
Boulenger, 1886
(= Rana cruenta - Middendorf, 1853; Rana middendorffi Steenstrup, 1869; Rana muta johanseni Kastschenko, 1902; Rana temporaria - Nikolsky, 1918 (part.); Rana asiatica - Nikolsky, 1918 (part.); Rana amurensis amurensis - Nikolsky, 1918 (part.); Rana chensinensis - Terentyev and Chernov, 1949)
Appearance. frogs small and medium sizes; maximum body length 78 mm (smaller in Primorye than in Siberia). Head relatively narrow, although its width is greater than its length; the muzzle is elongated and pointed. The dorsal-lateral folds are thin, light, and form a bend towards the eardrum. Hind limbs(shins) are not long. If they are folded perpendicular to the axis of the body, then the ankle joints touch or slightly overlap each other. If the limb is extended along the body, the ankle joint reaches the eye. Swimming membrane well developed. Interior calcaneal tubercle small; its length ranges from 1/5 to 1/3, on average 1/4, of the length of the finger.
2 - articular tubercles, 3 - external calcaneal tubercle, 4 - internal calcaneal tubercle
Resonators are absent in males. Marriage callus semi-dismembered on the first finger.
Leather on the back and especially the sides it is covered with numerous small tubercles-grains. Brown on top colors different shades from light to dark, often carmine. Dark spots can merge in the form of strands. A characteristic light stripe runs along the middle of the back, often flanked by tubercles. Dark temporal spot available. Bottom painted in characteristic blood red color on a white or gray background, in the form of small or large spots, and sometimes covering almost the entire surface. In the south of Sakhalin, some individuals are greenish or grayish-yellow below. Red tones may also be visible on the sides, less often on the back. Very often the small grains are also colored red. There is no yellow-green spot where the sides and hips meet.
Spreading. Siberian-Far Eastern species. Its huge range covers almost all of Siberia and the Russian Far East, including Sakhalin, as well as northern Mongolia, northeastern China and Korea. In Siberia, to the west the border of the range reaches the Sverdlovsk region (about 64° E), to the north in Yakutia to 71° N. w.
Taxonomy of the species. Formally, the species consists of 2 subspecies. In the southwest of Korea there is a smaller Korean frog, Rana amurensis coreana Okada, 1927, which may be a separate species. The rest of the range is occupied by the nominate subspecies, Rana amurensis amurensis Boulenger, 1886. For a long time, the taxonomy of the species (especially nomenclatural issues) was confused, and the Siberian frog was combined into one species with the Far Eastern and Central Asian frogs.
Belongs to group brown frogs(group Rana temporaria).
Habitat. Inhabits forest and forest-steppe areas, being clearly a lowland species. Not known above 500 m above sea level (1200 m in Mongolia). Prefers open, moist habitats and gravitates towards bodies of water. It is found in floodplains and valleys of rivers and lakes, on alas in Yakutia, in wetlands (mari, hummocks), wet reed-sedge and other meadows, among bushes, including on the sea coast. In damp places, frogs penetrate into forests, preferring sparse larch, alder-birch, and occasionally appearing in forests of other types. In the south of Sakhalin, they live in mixed-grass glades of broad-leaved forests, among low-growing bamboo thickets. Frogs can be found on the outskirts of towns and cities, in parks, agricultural lands (in hay meadows, vegetable gardens, field edges, etc.). Animals clearly avoid living on the slopes of hills, deep in forests. Occasionally, frogs are found along the banks of slightly brackish water bodies.
Activity. Frogs, especially young ones, are active during the day, but more often come across twilight. On cold nights, activity shifts to daylight hours.
Reproduction. Frogs in spring appear in the second or third ten days of April in Primorye and in the south of Sakhalin, at the end of April - May in Transbaikalia, in the first ten days of May in Yakutia, when the weather is still very unstable. The air temperature at this time is 2-5°C and higher (lower at night). There may still be an ice crust and snow on the reservoirs. Characteristic breeding sites are swampy or flooded meadows, hummocks, puddles, ditches, pits, small oxbow rivers, ponds, small lakes, shallow areas of larger reservoirs. On Sakhalin, frogs also use semi-flowing water bodies and desalinated coastal lakes of the lagoon type (sometimes with brackish water) as spawning grounds. Some bodies of water have a sandy bottom or a large layer of silt, often with sparse or no vegetation. The Siberian frog often breeds in the same bodies of water as the Siberian salamander.
The first to come to water bodies are males, who hide under the shore or in thickets of grass. Females arrive after 2-5 days. The voice of males is quiet, there are no loud concerts. Pairing takes 4-6 hours and occurs on the surface of the water or underwater at the bottom of the reservoir. The female lays 270-4040 eggs at a depth of up to 30 cm (in Mongolia much deeper, at least 40 cm), usually attaching masonry to aquatic plants. After swelling, the masonry floats.
The diameter of the egg is 6-7 mm, the egg is 1.6-2.1 mm. Spawning lasts for 2-4 weeks in the Far East, and up to 2 months in Transbaikalia. Very often, caviar dies due to drying out of reservoirs. Early clutches (up to 70-80%) die from frost.
Embryonic development lasts 7-16 days, larval from a month to 84 days. In the south of Sakhalin, the entire subject-morphosis period is 73-104 days. Tadpoles after hatching they are about 4-8 mm long. Before metamorphosis, the denticles on the oral disc are located in 3 rows above and below the beak. Fingerlings appear in July - early August with a body length of 12 mm or more. The emergence of fingerlings from reservoirs takes almost a whole month.
Sexual maturity occurs at the age of three years with a body length of 41-44 mm. The sex ratio is approximately equal. Maximum life expectancy in nature for at least 9 years.
Nutrition. Frogs eat mainly terrestrial invertebrates: insects (beetles, butterfly caterpillars, orthoptera, dipterans, etc.), as well as spiders, earthworms, and occasionally aquatic mollusks. During the breeding season they hardly feed. Tadpoles can eat the corpses of their fellows.
On frogs hunt some birds. Leeches attack egg laying; tadpoles are exterminated by the larvae of dragonflies, caddisflies and swimming beetles.
Wintering. Frogs leave for the winter at the end of September - beginning of November, young ones later than adults. They migrate to wintering areas at a distance of up to 3 km. They overwinter in ponds with stagnant water, at the bottom of wells. During the killings, a large number of individuals die. In the south of Sakhalin, the wintering period is 156-186 days.
Abundance and conservation status. The Siberian frog is a numerous species that lives in many nature reserves. There is no threat to the existence of the species. The species is not included in the Red Books of the USSR and Russia.
Similar species. It differs from the Far Eastern and sharp-faced frogs, with which it coexists in the Far East or Siberia, in the graininess of the skin on the sides, the absence of resonators, color pattern, smaller internal calcaneal tubercle and other characteristics. It is isolated geographically from other brown frogs (grass frogs, snapping frogs, Asia Minor and Central Asian frogs). It differs from the black-spotted frog in body color, small calcaneal tubercle and the absence of resonators.
At the Ecosystem Ecological Center you can purchase color identification table " Amphibians and reptiles of central Russia"and a computer identification of amphibians (amphibians) of Russia, as well as other methodological materials on aquatic fauna and flora(see below).
