The longest mountain range in the world is Andiy Cordillera or just Andes. From the language of Inca, this short word is translated as copper mountains. For the length of Andes are not comparable to any other mountains on the planet. They stretched to record 9,000 kilometers. In addition to incredible scales, Andes are famous as the birthplace of plants, radically changing the lives of people on the planet. After all, the Andes are the birthplace of Coca, a fan tree, tobacco, tomatoes and potatoes.
Andes begin near Caribbean And reach the fiery land. The highest peak of the mountain range - Akonkagua Mount (6962 meters). In Andiy Cordillera, there are places where mountain ridges stretches for 500 kilometers in width, and the maximum width of the mountain system is 750 kilometers. The longest mountains in the world fulfill the role of the largest interconnection watershed.
Andes are extremely diverse and picturesque. And in each country that the mining system crosses, there is its own highlight. For example, in Andes, Venezuelas grow deciduous forests and shrubs on red soils. The lower parts of the slopes from the central to the northwestern Andes cover wet tropical and equatorial forests. Here are ficuses, bananas, palm trees, cocoa tree, bamboo, liana. However, there are numerous moss swamps, and lifeless stony spaces. Well, all that above 4500 meters - already eternal ice and snow.
Top Andes - Mount Akonkagua (6962 meters)
No less interesting and animal world Andes. Here are exotic alpacas, lamas, clothless monkeys, as well as deer Pudi, relicy glasses bears, vicuins, sloths, blue foxes, chinchillas and hummingbirds.
In fact, we will discuss at all about one grief, but about the whole mining system called Andes (Andiy Cordillera). The length of this system is as much as 9000 km, the width is 750 km, and the height in the highest point is 6962 m. It is located in South America, penetrating almost all the mainland from the north to west through seven states.
According to data that were received by scientists, the beginning of the formation of the Andes belongs to the Jurassic period, which began approximately 200 million years ago. Moreover, we are talking exclusively about the beginning of the formation, as many defamations, arrays, etc. were formed significantly later. Moreover, the process of trade of Andes is still going on.
The mountain system is rich in such non-ferrous metals, like lead, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, etc. In the field of Chile there are large deposits of copper, near Argentina and Venezuela in the deflection of gas and oil are hidden, and Bolivia is rich in iron.
Since the Andes are stretched almost to all the mainland, both soil and vegetation covers are extremely diverse. So, here you can meet such plants like palm trees, ficuses, bananas, evergreen shrubs, cacti, lichens, etc. In a word, we are talking almost about any plants that are only growing in South America.
As for the animal world, the mammals in the mountain system are about 600 species, just over 1500 species of birds, 400 fish and almost a thousand species of amphibians, which is an incredible big figure (in our country, for example, amphibians there are only 28 species). Some of the birds and animals are on the verge of extinction, including because of poaching, some have already been extinct. However, there is another problem - the contamination of the atmosphere. But about it - just below.
Of course, the mountain system has a range of environmental problems. So, since agriculture next to the passing Andes is well developed, then various chemicals are constantly falling into the soil, and somewhere there is desertification due to reissue of livestock. Fortunately, such situations occur infrequently. Environment Also contaminated due to various plants in close proximity to Andam. Another important problem is that the cutting down of wet rainforests for landing on the liberated areas of rubber glasses and coffee trees, which support the economies of states.
By the way, about agriculture. Most here is the cultivation of coffee, barley, bananas and potatoes. On the large altitudes They grow corn, wheat and movies (one-year grain culture, which is eating the local Indian community), cocoa, sugar cane, tropical fruits grow well on moisture slopes. Plants imported from european countries, including some citrus, olives and grapes.
Livestock is well developed, but its main direction is sheep. Indians breed Lam. Fisheries developed weakly.
Copper Mountains - this is exactly the Incas called these the longest mountains in the world. We are talking About Andiy Cordillera, known to us as Andes. This mining chain is not comparable to any of the existing on our planet. The length of the Andes is about 9 thousand km. They originate from the Caribbean and reach the fiery land.
Width and Height of Andes
AKONKAGUA (in the photo below) is the highest peak of Andiy Kordiller. The height of the Andes at this point is 6962 meters. Akonkagua is in Argentina. What are the prevailing a number of large peaks. Among them, Mount Ritakawa (5493 meters), El Liebertador (6720 meters), Wascaran (6768 meters), Mernedario (6770 m), etc. There are such sections on which the mountains in the width reach 500 km. As for the maximum width, it is about 750 km. The main part of them occupies a Pune plate, having a very high snow line, which reaches 6500 m. The average altitude of the Andes is approximately 4000 m.
And their education
According to experts, these mountains are quite young. Several million years ago, the process of the property was completed here. In the Precambrian period began the birth of fossils. Sushi plots then began to occur at the site of the bustling ocean. The locality where modern Andiy Cordillera is located, for a long time, then the sea, then land, and the height of the Andes changed significantly. The mining chain completed its formation after raising rocks. Huge folds consisting of stone, as a result of this process, advanced to an impressive height. By the way, this process is not over. It continues in our time. In Andes, there are sometimes eruptions of volcanoes and earthquakes.
Rivers originate in Andes
The longest mountains on our planet at the same time are considered the largest interconnection watershed. The famous Amazon takes its beginning in Andy Cordillera, as well as her tributaries. It should also be noted that both Paraguay states, Orinoco and Paranians begin in the Andes. For the mainland, the mountains are a climatic barrier, that is, they protect the land from the west of the impact of the Atlantic Ocean, and from the east - from the influence of the Pacific Ocean.
Relief
Andes have a greater length, so it is not surprising that they are in six climatic belts. Unlike southern, in the Western slopes, the amount of precipitation is great. It reaches 10 thousand mm per year. Therefore, not only the height of the Andes varies significantly, but also their landscape.
Andiy Cordillera on the relief is divided into 3 regions: Central, Northern and South Andes. The main cordillers are separated by the depressions of rivers such as Magdalena and Kauca. There are many volcanoes. One of them, Wylas, reaches 5750 m. Other, Ruis, rises at 5400 m. The Cumbal, which is currently active, reaches a height of 4890 m. Ecuadorian Andes related to the Northern include a volcanic chain marked by the highest volcanoes. ONLY CHIMBACIA ONLY WORDS - It is towering at 6267 m. The height of the Kotopakh is not much less - 5896 m. The highest point of Ecuadorian Andaran is Uasharan - 6769 m is the absolute height of the mountain. Andes South are divided into Chilean-Argentinean and Patagonian. The highest points in this part is Tupungato (about 6800 m) and medical satellite (6770 m). Six thousand meters reaches the snow line here.
Volcano Lulylyalyako.
This is a very interesting acting volcano located on the border of Argentina and Chile. He belongs to the Peruvian Andam (Ridge Western Cordillera). This volcano is located in the Atakama desert, which is one of the most dry places on our planet. The absolute height of the Andes at the point is 6739 m. It is the highest of all valid. In the area of \u200b\u200bthis volcano, Mount Andes are very peculiar. The relative height of it reaches 2.5 km. On the western slope of the volcano, the snow line exceeds 6.5 thousand meters, which is the highest position on the planet.
Desert Atakama
This unusual place has sections in which there has never been rain. Atakam desert - the most arid place on Earth. The fact is that the rains cannot overcome therefore falling on the other side of the mountains. Sands in this desert stretch to the most trains thousands of kilometers. Cold fog rising by the sea is the only source of moisture for local plants.
Glacier San Rafael.
Another interesting place that I would like to tell, is the Glacier of San Rafael. It should be noted that in the south of Alpine Cordiller, where it is located, very cold. At one time, it was very surprised by the pioneers, since the South of France and Venice lie on the same latitude in the northern hemisphere, and here they discovered the Glacier of San Rafael. He moves, shining the slopes of the mountains whose peaks are becoming increasingly sharper and cooler over time. Only in 1962 his source was found. The ice shield of giant size cools the whole region.
Vegetation
Andes are unique place On our planet, and not only with impressive values \u200b\u200bthat have the width and height of the mountains. Andes are extremely picturesque. IN different places They have their own highlight. In the Andes of Venezuela, for example, shrubs and deciduous forests grow on red soils. Equatorial and wet rainforests covers the lower parts of the slopes from the North-Western Andes to the central. There are bananas, ficuses, cocoa woods, palm trees, lianas and bamboo. However, there are also stony lifeless spaces, and many in places where the average altitude of the Andes exceeds 4500 m, there is a region of eternal ice and snow. Andiy Cordillera is known as Koki, tomatoes, tobacco and potatoes.
Animal world
The animal world of these mountains is no less interesting. Lama, alpacas, deer put, vicuni, glasses, blue foxes, sloths, hummingbirds, chinchillas are inhabited. All these animals inhabitants of our country can only find in zoos.
One of the features of the Andes is a wide variety of amphibious species (about 900). About 600 species of mammals live in the mountains, as well as about two thousand species of birds. A variety of freshwater fish is also great. In local rivers there are about 400 species.
Tourism and locals
Andiy Cordillera, except for remote and difficult areas, are not an untouched corner of nature. Local residents handle almost every piece of land here. However, the road to Andes for most tourists means "care" from our time. For centuries, in these places, a constant lifestyle remains, which allows tourists to feel themselves in the past.
Travelers can go through the ancient Indian trails, where, however, sometimes you need to stop to skip the flock of Guanaco, sheep or goats. No matter how many times you have already visited these local places always fascinates. Meetings with locals also turn out to be unforgettable. Their lifestyle is far from usual to us. The huts in these places are built of untreated bricks. Locals are often unreliable without electricity. In order to get water, they go to the nearest stream.
Hiking in the mountains is not mountaineering in the familiar sense of the word. Rather, these are walking along the steep paths. However, they need to be performed only absolutely healthy and well-trained people with special equipment.
Copper mountains. So in the language of Inca, the name of the longest mountains in the world sounds. These are Andy Cordillera or just Andes.
For a length, this mountain chain is not comparable to any other on the planet. Andes stretched to record 9 thousand kilometers. They begin with the Caribbean Sea and reach the fiery land.
The highest peak of Andiy Cordiller is Mount Akonkagau. It rises exactly 6962 meters. By the way, there are places where 500 kilometers have 500 kilometers wide, well, and the maximum width of the mountain system is 750 kilometers. This value is registered in Central Andes, in Andiy Highlands.
However, most of the Andiy Cordiller takes a plateau called Pune. It has a very high snow line. It reaches 6500 meters, but the average height of the mountains is about 4000 meters.
As experts say, Andes are relatively young mountains. Here the process of the population ended several million years ago. The birth of fossils began in the Precambrian and Paleozoic periods. Then the sushi sites began to appear on the site of the vast ocean. For a long time, the locality where today's Andes are, was the land, then the sea.
She graduated from the mountain range to form a raising rock, as a result of this, a huge stamps made of stone on an impressive height. By the way, this process continues and now. Sometimes an earthquake and volcanic eruptions are in the Andes.
The longest mountains in the world are both the largest interconnected watershed. In Andiy Cordillera, the famous Amazon River, as well as her tributary, takes its beginning. In addition, others begin here the largest rivers South America - Parana, Orinoco and Paraguay. Mainland mountains serve as a climatic barrier, in other words, Andes areolating land from west from any effect of the Atlantic Ocean, on the other hand, from the east, protect from the Pacific Ocean.
Not surprisingly, considering the length of the mountains that the Andes are located in six climatic belts. Subtropical moderate, equatorial, southern tropical, northern and southern subequatorial. In the Western slopes, unlike the southern, drops up to ten thousand millimeters of precipitation per year. Therefore, the landscape in different parts Differently different.
According to the relief, the longest mountains in the world are divided into three regions. This is the Southern, Northern and Central Andes. North belongs to Ecuadorian Andes, Caribbean Andes and the North-Western Andes. The main cordillers are divided by the Caucan and Magdalen rivers. And here there are many volcanoes. For example, Wylah rose to 5750 meters, Rius up to 5400 meters, and now the current Cumbal is towers at 4890 meters.
The longest in the world - Mountains of Andes (very beautiful)
In Ecuadorian Andes, a volcanic goal was hit with the highest volcanoes. What is only one chimborace with a height of 6267 meters. He breathes in his back no less giant Kotopakh - its height - 5896 meters. The chain crosses seven states of South America at once. This is Ecuador, Bolivia, Columbia, Venezuela, Chile, Peru, Argentina. And the highest point of Ecuadorian Andads is Mount Washaran 6769 meters high.
As for the southern Andes, they are divided into Patagonian and Chilean-Argentinean. In this part, the highest peaks of TUPUNGATO 6,800 meters high and a medical election height of 6770 meters. The snow line in this part reaches 6 thousand meters.
Diverse and beautiful
Andes are a unique natural place. The longest mountains on the planet are unusually picturesque. And in each country that the mining system crosses, its highlight. For example, in Andes, Venezuelas grow deciduous forests and shrubs on red soils. The lower parts of the slopes from the central to the northwestern Andes cover wet tropical and equatorial forests. There are ficuses, bananas, palm trees, cocoa tree, bamboo, lianas. However, there are numerous moss swamps, and lifeless stony spaces. Well, all that above 4500 meters - already eternal ice and snow. By the way, Andes are the birthplace of Coca, a fan tree, tobacco, tomatoes and potatoes. 
Animal world of Andes is not less interesting. Alpacas are found here, Lama, cloth monkeys, as well as deer Pudi, Gaemal, relicy glasses bears, Vicuni, sloths, blue foxes, chinchillas, hummingbirds. In a word, those who residents of Russia can meet except in zoos.
The feature of the Andes is a large species diversity of amphibians - their more than 900 species. There are about 600 mammals and almost 2 thousand species of birds in the mountains. In local rivers there are almost 400 species of freshwater fish.
Tourist delicacy
Andes, with the exception of difficult and remote areas, are not at all the untouched nature reserve. Literally every piece of land here is processed by local residents. But still, for most tourists, the road to Andes means the same as "care" from modern times. Local lifestyle, which is preserved for centuries, helps to go back to the past. 
Travelers will immediately rush to the eye patchwork blanket from crops, which cover the mountainside. And the color changes from dark green to golden. Tourists are invited to move along the ancient Indian trails, where sometimes, however, will have to stop to skip the flock of goats, sheep or Guanako. And it does not matter, once again, the Andes are visited, in the first or hundredth, nature will never leave indifferent.
Unforgettable meetings with locals. You can talk to them as in their language, as well as gestures. However, some mountain inhabitants are not very willing to dialogue. In the event that a contact inlet fell, it will not be bad to look at his lifestyle. The huts are made from untreated bricks, people, sometimes live without electricity, and water draws from a nearby stream.
Well, hiking in the mountains do not quite resemble climbing classes. This is most likely walking along the steep paths. But they must be made only well prepared and absolutely healthy people with special equipment.
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