On the eve of the holiday of Victory Day on May 9, everyone has in lips. But rarely, who recalls the contribution of adolescents to the Great Victory. Meanwhile, the guys who did not cause suspicion of the Nazis, actively helped Soviet partisans and saboteles. The children of the Great Patriotic War occupy an honorable place among the Heroes of Frontovikov.
Children of the World - Children of War
Schoolchildren, just yesterday surrendered exams, signed up in the partisans or went to the front, attributing two years in personal documents. Seeing the horrors of war and the example of senior comrades, another young guys also wanted to serve their homeland. Only in Belarusian forests fought about 75 thousand children of the world, who are overnight became children of war.
Do not consider how many "sons of the regiment", because the commanders hidden in their ranks of children. They were in every way as a symbol of the future, but often the children on a par with adults participated in military operations. We learn how the children-heroes of the Second World War are a common victory.
Marat Kazei
Full scout of the headquarters of the partisan brigade No. 200 named after Rokossovsky was born in 1929 in Belarus. In the 1930s, the Bolsheviks arrested his father on charges of "Trotskyism". In 1941, Marat's mother was shown by the Germans for the help of partisans. An angry boy ran into the forest.
During the war years, he walked down by desperate intelligence. Marat actively participated in the raids, undermined the enemy technique, echelons. In 1943 he was awarded the medal " For courage"For a breakthrough of the enemy rings. A year later, during the intelligence, he together with the commander was in the ambush. While the cartridges remained, the 14-year-old parenchy shot. When the store was empty, he undermined himself and surrounding his German grenade. In 1965, Marat Kazay received the title of Hero of the USSR.
Vladimir Tarnovsky
The 15-year-old Hero of the Great Patriotic War fell into the Red Army in 1943. During the war years, he lost his mother, stepfather and younger brother. He wanted to take revenge, and his post was clearly not attracted him. Soon he entrusted a place in recryphoto. Medal " For courage"He received for the seizure of the" Language ".
Earlier, Vladimir brought lost in the rear "Studebeckers" directly to the foregoing than the respect of the senior comrades won. Together with them, the native of Slavyansk reached Berlin, where Melkom left a memorable inscription on Reichstag. He lived a long life and died in 2013.
Leonid Golikov
Children Heroes WWI often showed a seamless, a living mind and resourcefulness, helping the eldest brothers, but to catch an enemy general with important documents - this was not. At least, while in Moscow did not know about Løn Golikov.
During the war, the 16-year-old partisan intelligence officer arranged sabotage on the railway, Rushel bridges, set up enemy techniques and warehouses. But there was an amazing event in the biography of the hero when a German general ran from him with a portfolio in his hands.
It was on a country road. Lenya was sitting in ambush, waiting for the enemy. The general "Mercedes" appeared here. The hero's child undermined the car with a grenade. An officer jumped out of it, rushing towards the forest with a briefcase in his hands. Lenya behind him. Having overtook the general, he killed him and took the documents. Package Specrais sent to the General Staff to Moscow. The Hero of the Soviet Union of Lenya Golikov died in the winter of 1943, participating in the onset of the Red Army.
Arkady Kamanan.
Among the "Sons of the Regiment", as a rule, there were children who had lost her beds and parents. But the biography of Arkady Kamanina is a mansion. The son of the wagon pilot-hero of the USSR Nikolai Kamanin went to the front after the Father. In 1943, the 14-year-old Kamanin Jr. became the mechanic of one of the aircraft carriages of the Kalinin front. Soon he was entrusted to fly at the Letunka along with adults.
The youngest pilot of the Great Patriotic War in one of the combat departures noticed a knockdown of IL-2 on a neutral strip. Arkady evacuated the pilot with the package of documents, for which he received the Order of the Red Star. In 1945, he had flown over the front line, laying routes. In his asset medals for taking Vienna, Budapest, Germany. He died a hero of the Girls a year later from meningitis.
Zina Portnova
Member of the Legendary Cell " Young avengers"Zina Portnova fought with the enemy in Belarusian forests, arriving before war to visit the grandmother. Zina itself was from Leningrad. At the age of 16, she entered into " Young Avengers", Conducting bold sabotage and agitation among the population.
In 1943, she received a task to find out the reasons for the failure avengers"And to communicate with the underground in the rear of the enemy. But the Germans arrested Zin. At the interrogation, she was silent, and when the strength was not left at all, the explosion snatched a gun from the German officer and shot it, as well as two guards. But she failed to escape.
Tortured her especially sophisticated, trying to find out the names of the undergrounders. Once she even rushed under the wheels of the truck to die faster. But the executioners grabbed it and began to torture even tougher. The girl was shot in 1944 in the village of Hot Vitebsk Region Belarus. The star of the Hero of the USSR Zina Portnova received in 1958.
Children of the War of 1941-1945 did not take their arms in their hands and threw their studies. They forced war, hunger, devastation. Let's not forget their huge contribution to the victory over the Nazis. This is a common victory. She was joined by everything - from the children and workers of the rear to the soldiers of the advance.
Class hour on the topic "Children - Heroes of the Great Patriotic War"
Purpose: - Education in students feelings of deep patriotism, faith in people, willingness to stand up on the protection of the world, defend their homeland.
Tasks:
enrich students' knowledge about the heroic past of their people, the country;
cause interest in the past and true of his native land;
show how children contributed to victory over the enemy, mass heroism of the people;
call at schoolchildren a sense of pride in their people;
bring up a sense of responsibility for everything that happens in the world;
develop the skills and skills and skills of working with exploratory material.
Equipment:multimedia, computer, screen, poster.
Class hour.
Organizing time
Hello guys!
Turn around and say hello to our guests who came to see how you will work today.
Actualization of students' knowledge.
Tell me, what did the speaker of Levitan announced? (children's responses)
Sacred war sounds
- What do you think will be dedicated to today's hour?
And why do we dedicate this cool hour for the war? Does this or not?
Think that you can learn today?
Why should you know this? Why do you need it?
Are these knowledge important?
And why it is important not to forget those who won in this great war?
Mikhail Lomonosov: "The people who do not know their past has no future"
How do you understand these words?
On early morning on June 22, 1941, the fascist hordes violated the boundaries of our homeland treacherously. So the Great Patriotic War began, which lasted 4 years. (A teacher hangs on the board card with date on June 22, 1941)
1 student:
June clone in the evening sunset
And the white night was waving the sea,
And he was heard a ringing laughter guys
Do not know who do not know grief.
2 student:
June ... then we still did not know
From school evenings stepping,
That tomorrow will be the first day of war,
And it will end only in the 45th, in May.
3 student:
It seemed to be cold in colors,
And from the dew, they are slightly blocked,
I dare that went through herbs and bushes,
They were shaking German binoculars.
4 student:
So all breathe silence
That the whole earth still suited seemed
Who knew that between the world and the war
A total of 5 minutes remained.
How many years have passed since the Great Victory?
Right. And today, at the class hour we will talk about the Great Patriotic War, about her heroes.
"In our hearts will live forever
Heroes of the last war.
We are the memory of them the road is infinitely,
And we are strong with you! "
Heroes of the last war, who do you think heroes?
What do you think, and children could be heroes?
To become the heroes that they had to do?
Look at the photo on the board. What do you think who is it?
Now we will talk about this today, about the heroes that were still children, as you are. The theme of our classroom "Children - Heroes".
(Lesson appears on the board)
The student tells the poem:
They are small eyewitnesses
The last of the Mogic
They still have alarm dream
And until now, the post is not given.
From warm full dream beds,
From the rooms where the flowers bloomed,
In bomb shelter I.
They walked at night with grandmothers.
They tears then did not lily
They knew the taste of wormwood - herbs
And with adults all the trouble divided,
As you shared bread with them.
Acquaintance with new material.
War, you can tell about many things: about different battles, about the blockade Leningrad, about the partisan movement, about concentration camps, how in the rear there was a victory. Children early became adults, they replaced adults at the factories in the fields. Fought in the existing army and in partisan detachments.
"Yesterday we wrote dictations,
Drew circles on boards,
And in the morning already intentes,
We were given boots ... "
The children fought, committed feats, and were awarded orders and medals, awarded the titles of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Many of them are awarded posthumously.
Today we learn about the fate of ordinary boys and girls who ran, jumped, studied, played, broke the noses and knees, their names knew only close relatives and friends. But an hour came, and they showed how much a small children's heart could be, when the sacred love of his homeland and hatred in Her enemies flared up in him. Their fragile shoulders lay the severity of adversity, disasters and grief of military years. And they did not bend under this weight, but became stronger in spirit, courageous, rustier. Little heroes of a big war fought close to adults: fathers and brothers, fought everywhere: at sea, like Boris Kuleshin, in the sky, like Arkady Kamanin, in the partisan detachment, like Lyoun Golikov, in the Brest Fortress, like Valya Zenkin, in Kerchensky Catacombs, Like Volodya Dubinin. Their mature childhood was filled with tests that invent them, even the most talented writer, it would be difficult to believe. But it was in our country's history, it was the fate of small citizens. Therefore, people call them heroes.
There were a lot of children-heroes, we will not be able to tell you about everyone. I would like to introduce you to the convales of some.
Prepared disciples read reports.
Leon Golikov.
He was, like you, a schoolboy. He lived in the village, in the Novgorod region. In 1941 he became a guerrilla, walked into intelligence, together with his comrades he exploded enemy warehouses, bridges. Lena collected information about the number and armament of enemies. Using his data, the partisans were liberated over thousands of prisoners of war, several fascist garrisons defeated many Soviet people from the hijacking to Germany. Lena himself destroyed 78 fascist soldiers and officers, participated in the undermining of 27 railway and 12 highway bridges, 8 cars with ammunition. Lénya brought down a grenade passenger car in which a fascist general was driving. The general rushed to escape, but Lenya laid the invader laid the tag, took a portfolio with valuable documents and delivered to the partisan camp. On April 2, 1944, he died. Lena was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Reader.
Fearful name - Reward Hero
He was your peer
We will pay on how the favorite of the detachment
Fearlessly in intelligence went.
Wellness about how the echelons flew from the way,
Which he undermined.
With all my heart in the victory, the coming believed,
In battle, he was desperate.
No wonder once the fascist beast
In the ranks of the general side
He returned to the squad he with an invaluable package.
Fell asleep by the fire on earth
Did not dream of him that about the feat
In the morning they will find out in the Kremlin.
What will be the hero of the star Golden -
Reward for military work.
What people, about the feat of a nice dreaming,
On Löna, the equice will take.
Marat Kazei.
Belarusian pioneer Marat Kazai began his combat path from the first days of war. He recognized the fascist paratroopers, disguised into the form of the Red Army, and reported border guards about them. The enemy landing was completely destroyed. Marat was a scout from partisans. There was no case that he did not fulfill the task. Marat was awarded medals "for military merit" for courage.
Marat died in battle. Fucked until the last cartridge, and when he had only one pomegranate, let the enemies closer and blew them away ... and himself. For the courage and courage, Pioneer Marat Kazay was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to the young hero is set in Minsk.
Meets them in their immortal
He took a few steps ...
And the explosion crashed, and Terrible
Boldly embittered enemies.
Zina Portnova.
War Zina found in the village where she came to vacation. She participated in bold operations against the enemy, distributed leaflets.
Zina Portnova went to intelligence, participated in diversions, destroyed not one tens of fascists. She was given a traitor. Once, when a guerrilla, having completed another task, returned to the squad, she got into the hands of the Nazis. At the interrogation, grabbing a gun lying on the table, she shot two fascists, but she failed to escape. She was interrogated by the fascist officer who was fucked by the crosses, her hands behind his back twisted the soldiers, her whip whipped her, pushed in the pit. The brave young patriot was brutally tortured, but until the last minute remained rack. Zinaida porter was awarded the high title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Valya cat.
He was born in the village of Khmelevka Schepetovsky district of the Khmelnitsky region. When fascists broke into Shepetovka, Valya Kotik, together with friends, decided to fight the enemy. The guys were collected on the site of the battleship weapons, which later the partisans on Vuzu with the Sen were crossed into a detachment. Looking at the boy, the Communists entrusted the shaft to be connected and intelligence in his underground organization. He learned the location of the enemy posts, the order of shifting Karaul. Valya, together with Mom and Brother, Victor left to the partisans. Pioneer, who just turned fourteen years, fought his shoulder to the shoulder with adults, freeing his native land. At his account - six enemy echelons blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kitty was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree, the medal "Partizana of the Patriotic War" 2 degrees.
Valya cat died as a hero, and the birthplace posthumously honored him with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In front of the school in which this brave pioneer studied, a monument was put on him.
Reader.
We remember the fights of recent,
They were performed in them not one.
Entered the seven of the heroes of our glorious
Brave boy - cat Valentine.
You heard some of the many stories about the guys who fought for their homeland. They died until May 9, 1945. They did not see the Parade of Victory on Red Square in Moscow, did not divide the total national happiness. But with her feat, small heroes brought the victory. How many of these heroes were, no one knows exactly.
How many brave hearts of young
Unless served people
Pioneers and thousands of them
Who killed for the country and freedom.
Their graves you will find everywhere
On the roads of the past fuzzy.
If you, young friend, somewhere nearby pass
That will take off your hat, comrade!
We must remember their names and faces, and therefore today we will create a collage from the photos of the children-heroes. Let's remember what collage is, we have already met with this concept. Let's place the photos of the heroes about which we learned now.
IV. Fastening.
Work in pairs.
- Our collage, turned out to be filled not to the end. Therefore, in order for our collage to fill in completely, now you will get acquainted with the heroes yourself.
You will work in pairs, each couple receives its task, with a story about one hero. Then, share with all the information received. Tell us about whom you read, what feat did this hero and post a photo of the hero on our collage
(Each couple receives the text about the hero. The guys must read him about themselves. Then to call the hero, and say what kind of feat, he made and post a photo on a poster)
Would you be able to become the same heroes as these guys?
What should be to become a hero?
For what actions and feats of a person can be called a hero in our time?
In every city in each village, monuments and obeliski soldiers who defended their homeland against the fascists were supplied. Among them and many monuments to children heroes.
And what is the name of the monument located in the passage?
In 1967, the Monument to the Soviet soldier-liberator was opened in our village in our village, the monument was put in honor of the dead soldiers during the Great Patriotic War.
And in Bulgaria in the city of Plovdiv on the "Hill of the Liberators" there is one of the most famous monuments to the Russian soldier-liberator and is called a monument to Alyosh. Many poems are devoted to this monument. Let's listen to the song about him.
Song "Alyosha" (executables children)
V. Results of the class hour.
1. - At the very beginning of our event, we set goals in front of ourselves guys, did we achieve them?
Did you find out for yourself new?
What exactly did you remember?
What feelings did you have during the classroom? (children's responses).
Practical work.
They did not give for nothing for nothing, but in order for us to live under a peaceful sky, breathe with clean air, went on free land. In memory of those who dismantled the peaceful sky for us, the eternal flame burns.
Let us "light up" your eternal flame in memory of the heroes of the Great Patriotic Wars. (Each student sticks the flame tongues to the poster)
On this we are completing a cool hour. Guys are not all heroes that you heard. There are a lot of them. But I hope that these names will stay for a long time in your hearts. They will become a real example of courage and courage.
There is such a tradition - to honor the memory of the heroes of a minute of silence.
(Minute silence)
The poem "I never saw the war ..."
1 headroom.
I have never seen war
And I can't imagine horror
But the fact that our world wants silence,
Today I understand very clearly.
Thank you, that we did not happen
Present and learn such flour.
On your share all this
Anxiety, hunger, cold and separation.
2 student.
There is a worse than the Word than the war,
Which takes all the holy.
When sinister gives silence,
When he did not return from each other ...
3 student.
Thank you for the sun bright light,
for the joy of life in every mige of our
For TRELLY Solovya, and for dawn,
And for the fields blooming daisies.
4 student.
Yes! There was a terrible hour behind.
We learned about war only from books.
Thank you. We love you very much
Bow you from girls and boys!
Good day, my dear readers! On the day of the Great Victory, I suggest you to talk on the topic "Children of the Heroes of War". Thousands of ordinary girls and boys diligently studied, carefree was having fun and could not even assume that in an instant their happy childhood would interrupt difficult and cruel years from 1941 to 1945.
In a terrible hour, they took on their fragile shoulders of troubles and bitterness, difficulties and even death, in order to at least help in the fight against the enemy, showing how fearless hearts can be and how hot is the love of their native country and their people.
For the heroic exploits, the little "sons and daughters of the regiments", as they were often called, were awarded orders and medals. Five pioneers of wartime were awarded the highest title of the heroes of the Soviet Union, unfortunately, everything is posthumously. Their names became famous far beyond the little homeland of everyone, so I want to talk about these young heroes and talk about the children of war.
Lesson plan:
Boy from legend
So the glory young scout of the Leningrad partisan brigade of Leon Golikov is inflated. A slender 14-year-old rustic boy from Lukino Novgorod region with a rifle mined on the battlefield went to the partisans and wandered under the guise of a poor in the settlements occupied by the Germans, collecting valuable secret information about the number of military equipment and the arrangement of enemy troops.
On his account 27 combat trips and 78 killed German soldiers. Lenya Golikov stopped the enemy, destroying 2 railway and 12 car bridges, thereby not by giving the Germans. He destroyed 2 enemy food warehouses, leaving the enemy without food, and 9 cars, having deprived the Germans of ammunition. Brave Rustic Parensky alone stopped the car with a German general, mined valuable information for Soviet intelligence.
His first medal "For the courage", Lеня Golikov received back in July 1942. They died with the headquarters of their partisan brigade in 1943 in unequal battle. Mothers brought a premium sheet about the assignment of his son for his heroic feat of the highest title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Girl with pigtails
This is the name of the work of A. Solodov about the young underground worker, who, too, was awarded the highest title for the feats in the Great Patriotic Winner, Zinaide. A student of the 7th grade of the Leningrad School in its 15th arrived in 1941 for the summer to the Vitebsk region and became a member of the underground youth organization "Young Avengers".
Participants in the youth movement undermined the power plants, set fire to plants on which Soviet people were forced to work on fascist Germany, burned cars with flares, which were planned to be dispatched for invaders. Total "Young Avengers" made more than 20 sabotage operations.
The girl began to participate in siversities, led intelligence work, distributed leaflets against the enemy. Having settled in the dining room for the German officers, she managed to poison more than 100 soldiers. Since 1943, she has become a reconnaissance guerrilla.
After the defeat of the youth movement on the task, the partisans Zina Portnova had to establish new connections with those who managed to survive, but her traitor was caught after another operation. The Germans interrogated the young intelligence, promising to save life for the names of partisans and underground workers. But even the most sophisticated fascist torture was not broken by her character. In 1944, a crippled, but not amenable to Zinaida, Portnov shot.
He was only 14
Belorus Marat Kazai fell into the partisan detachment at the age of 13, in 1942, after his mother was hanged by the Germans in Minsk. Full of hatred for the fascists, he made his way into German garrisons, mining the intended for the Soviet army.
Together with the elders, Marat participated in sabotage events at facilities, especially important for Germans: undermined enemy echelons, mined the railway. In 1943, being wounded, raised the soldiers in the attack, which helped them to get out of the enemy rings. For his feat, the young pioneer then received a reward for courage.
In 1944, at the time of returning from intelligence, Marat, together with the commander, came across the enemy, who took them to the ring. When all the cartridges are over, and only a grenade remained, Marat pissed the closer of the fascists and blew them together with him. Awarded Hero of the Soviet Union was only 14.
Do not regret yourself
Another young hero, who wanted to undermine himself at the grenade with the Germans, is a schoolboy from the Tula region Sasha Chekalin. Since 1941, he became a volunteer of the partisan detachment "advanced", which acted in the occupied territory of his native village. He had time to live there a little more than a month, but a heroic contribution to the fight against the fascists was made.
The young patriot collected information about locations and the number of German military units and their armament, traveled movement routes. The partisan detachment, where Alexander consisted, came to the warehouse premises, undermined the Hitler's road transport on Mines, sent by the German cars, destroyed enemy patrols and guard.
Cooking, Sasha is slying, according to the traitor, the information of the fascists found him in the house where he was hidden. Partisan tried to blow himself with the Germans, but the pomegranate did not work. After long torture and interrogations, Sasha Chekalin hung on the central square in the eyes of the coinned fellow villagers. In 1942, a young hero for his feats was awarded a higher rank.
The most young of all the heroes of the USSR
After graduating from the 5th grades of the Ukrainian school, Valya Catik became a guerrilla reconnaissance, collecting weapons and ammunition, drawing and smoldering caricatures on the fascists. In 1942, he received the first task, undermining the German gendarme. He participated in 6 subversive operations, as a result of which railway trains and warehouses with ammunition were destroyed.
He worked as a coherent underground, learned about the location of German posts and the time of changing the enemy guard. In 1943, he found the location of the opponent's telephone cable, which was supported with Hitler in Warsaw.
During participation in two battles, he was injured, but Valya received a fatal injury in 1944 during the fighting for the city of Izyaslav. He became the youngest one of those who were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
In my message, we only told about five children-heroes of the Great Patriotic. In fact, their selfless and bold, it was much more. They fought at the sea and in heaven, in the detachments of partisans and undergrounds, catacombs and fortresses.
Monuments are installed in their native cities of war, their names are named streets. Literary works are written about their exploits, poems are folded and moving films. All this in order for us to never forget that I had to experience the Soviet people in the name of our world with you. The official list of all the heroes pioneers was compiled in 1954.
And finish the project I propose a passage from the work of Sergey Mikhalkov:
Will not forget those heroes,
What lie in the ground is raw
Life giving on the battlefield
For the people - for us with you.
Do you know that the heroes have become not only people, but also whole cities? Read about it. And the test on the topic of war is located.
On this I say goodbye to you. Do not forget May 9 to give a tribute to the memory of the victim during the war and lay flowers to the monument in your city. About the exploits of Soviet people need to remember!
Leisure for children 5-9 years: "Little heroes are a big war."
Butler Tatyana NikolaevnaGBOU SOSH №1499 SP №2 Pre-school department
Educator
Description: Leisure will introduce children of senior pre-school and younger school age with the fate and exploits of children whose childhood fell on the war years.
Appointment of work: Leisure is intended for children of senior pre-school and younger school age, educators of preschool institutions and parents.
Purpose: Formation of preschool children feeling of patriotism and active civil position.
Tasks:
1. To instill with children love for your homeland, to your Fatherland
2. To acquaint children with the exploits of young defenders
3. To bring up a sense of pride for the heroic history of our country
4. Expand the presentation of children about the Great Patriotic War, about the courage and courage of young heroes.
Preliminary work Read fiction:
- Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko - Brave Children
-Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko - Lenochka
- Yuri Mikhailovich Kolkov - Lenya Golikov
- Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Morozov - Marat Kaza
- Gregory Osipovich Nabatov - Zina Portnova
- Gregory Osipovich Nabatov - Young Avengers
Talk of the conversation
Opening part in verse
Tragedy of people.War - tragedy of people.
And mourning million families.
And pain loss, and wild fear.
And blood and tears on their hands.
Soldier's feat is a deadly fight.
When stamped, blood river.
But from the last forces,
The soldiers defended the rear.
On the front was hard
They endured the enemy called.
And winter cold, and summer heat -
Combined trouble.
And the enemy is cruel, like a beast
Betted the account of meaningless losses.
But the heroism of the country is great
Such a big and long-fashioned.
Did not know the borders, did not know the barriers
Stood to the last Russian soldier!
So we won the enemy
And this feat of this century!
Leading: On May 9, our country will celebrate Victory Day. This year marks 70 years since the end of the Great Patriotic War. The history of our country remembers, and honors the feat of the defenders of the Fatherland. 74 years ago, the enemy attacked our country was evil and cruel. He decided to capture our lands and kill all the inhabitants, the fascists did not spare old people not children. After the attack on our homeland of German soldiers, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, all citizens of our country from little to great, stood on her defense.
Folk proverb says:
Bravery - victory sister.
The feat makes one who goes forward.
At least an increase is small, and the courage is rich.
War imposed his imprint on the history of the whole country. Having learned that the war began, many children pioneers boys and girls, despite their young age, went to the front, in partisan detachments. Those who remained, led actively in the rear. The machines were mastered at the factories, technique in the fields, duty on the roofs during the bombing, gathered things into the army for Russian soldiers. There was a necessary charge on their shoulders - to master adults to ensure the army of food and the necessary equipment.
All people who defended the honor of our country can rightly be called heroes. But among young pioneers, we especially allocate the names of those who posthumously awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
Today I want to tell you about the fate and exploits of these young heroes.
Lenya Golikov. (1926 - 1943)
Lenya was born in the village of Lukino Novgorod region in the family of the worker.
He graduated from 7 classes. When the war began, the boy was 15 years old. Lenya went to the partisan detachment operating in the territory of the Novgorod and Pskov regions. He participated in 27 combat operations. In total, they were destroyed: 78 Germans, 2 railway and 12 highway bridges, 2 warehouses and 10 cars with ammunition. Lenya was accompanied by food conversion in Blocked Leningrad.
On August 13, 1942, returning from intelligence, he picked up a passenger car, in which he was a German Major General of the Engineering Troops Richard von Virts. In the headquarters of the headquarters, the Armchair of Golikov delivered a portfolio with documents. Among them were drawings and a description of new samples of German mines, inspection reports to the upstream command and other important military papers. For the valor and courage, young Lenya was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War I degree, the medal "for the courage" and the medal of the partisan of the Patriotic War II degree. It is represented by the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, but to get the reward of Lena so, and did not have time.
On January 24, 1943, Leonid Golikov was killed in an unequal battle in the village of Outrashiy Luka of the Pskov region. The title of Hero Lenya Golikov received posthumously.
Marat Kazahi (1929-1944)
Marat was born in the Belarusian village of Stankov in the peasant family. During the war, the German troops occupied the native village of the boy. Marat's mother during the war hid in her wounded partisans and treated them, for which in 1942 she was hanged by the Germans in Minsk.
The twelve-year-old Marat became an intelligence in the headquarters of the partisan brigade. In addition to exploration, he participated in raids and diversions.
Returning from the intelligence, Marat and the commander of intelligence headquarters of the Brigade Larin early in the morning came to the village, where it was necessary to meet with a coherent. Horses were tied to the barn from the peasant. It did not pass and half an hour, as the shots rang. The village surrounded the German chain. Larina was killed immediately. Marat, shooting, discarded in the hollow. He was seriously wounded. It happened on the eyes of almost the whole village. While there were cartridges, held the defense, and when the store was empty, took one of the grenades hanging on the belt and threw in enemies. The Germans almost did not shoot, they wanted to take him alive. The second grenade, when they approached very close, undermined themselves with the enemies.
For courage and courage in the battles were awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the medals "for the courage" (wounded boy, raised the partisans in the attack) and "for military merit". After the war behind the heroism in the fights with the Nazi invaders, Marat Casey was assigned the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.
Zina Portnova (1926 - 1944)
Zina was born in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) in the family of the worker. He graduated from 7 classes. At the time of summer holidays, in June 1941, he arrived at the school holidays in the village of Zuya, the Vitebsk region to Belarus to his grandmother. After the invasion of the Nazis to the territory of our Motherland, Zina Portnova was in the occupied territory.
In 1942, Zina joined the underground organization "Young Avengers".
The girl participated in the distribution of leaflets among the population and diversions against the invaders. Working in the dining courses of retraining of German officers, as directed by the underground poisoned food (more than a hundred officers died). During the proceedings, wanting to prove their innocence to the Germans, tried poisoned soup. Miraculously remained alive.
In December 1943, returning from the task to clarify the causes of the failure of the organization "Young Avengers", captured in the village of the bridge and identified by a certain Anna Katorovitsky. On one of the interrogations in the Gestapo village of Hot (in Belarus), grabbing a gun of the investigator from the table, shot it and two more Nazis, tried to flee, was captured. For more than a month, the Germans tried brutally, they wanted to betray her comrades. But giving an oath of loyalty to the Motherland, Zina kept her. On the morning of January 10, 1944, a gray and blind girl brought to the execution. Zina tailor posthumously assigned the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Valya cat (1930-1944)
Valya was born in Ukraine in the village of Khmelevka, in the family of the employee. By the beginning of the war, he only moved to the sixth grade. From the first days of the war, he began to fight German invaders. In the autumn of 1941, together with the comrades, he killed the head of the field gendarmerie near the city of Shepetovka, throwing a grenade into the car in which he drove. Since 1942, he took an active part in the partisan movement in Ukraine. At first, he was a coherent underground organization, then participated in the battles. From August 1943 - in the partisan detachment. The boy was twice wounded. In October 1943, he discovered the underground telephone cable, which was shortly undermined, and the connection of the invaders with Hitler's bid in Warsaw ceased. Valya undermined six railway echelons and a warehouse.
October 29, 1943, being in the dosor, noticed the punishers who were gathered to arrange a cloud of detachment. The boy grabbed and left under guard. Valya managed to free himself and escape, he threw a grenade from the belt convoir and threw her toward enemies. The explosion killed on the site of the officer and a soldier, and the roar of the shell warned the partisans about the danger. The boy himself was wounded. Thanks to the action of Vali, the partisans managed to fight the enemy.
In battle for the city of Izyaslav on February 16, 1944, he was mortally wounded and the next day died. He was buried in the center of the city of Shepetovka. After the war, the youngest defender of the birthplace Valentina Kotika posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sasha Chekalin (1925 - 1941)
Sasha was born in the village of Pescotte Tula region. In 1941 he graduated from grade 8. Sasha was the son of a hunter. A boy from the Small years has learned to shoot apt. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he entered a volunteer into a fighter detachment. When the territory of the Tula region was partially occupied by the German troops, became an intelligence in the partisan detachment. Sasha passed into Headquarters information about locations and the number of German parts, their armament and routes.
On an equal footing with experienced partisans, a 15-year-old boy participated in ambushes, mined the road, undermined the enemy communications and allowed the German trains to sleep.
In early November 1941, Sasha returned to his native village, but was captured by the fascists, according to the denier's den. The boy was subjected to torture, but the young hero did not give out a single name, no information. The fascists staged a demonstrative execution to get other residents of the village.
On November 6, 1941, Sasha Chekalin was hanged on the city square.
Before death, he managed to shout: "Do not take them to Moscow! Do not defeat us. "
On February 4, 1942, Alexander Chekalina was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Leading: The courage, the courage and the heroism of our people during the war years helped to expel the enemy from their native land and free the world from fascism.
Poem: Eternal Memory Children Hero War.
Butler Tatyana NikolaevnaChildhood is broken
Like a leaflet.
In a big cruel world
Child lonely.
Enemies, devastation, hunger
And explosions in silence.
All adult men
At the front - in war.
The house is destroyed
And school too
For children's shoulders
So many troubles fell.
But children are decisive
They took the case.
And courage and hatred
In the veins boiled.
They helped
Soldiers in battle.
Children - Heroes
Stood in the ranks.
The enemies did not spare.
They were tortured and beat.
But children of war
Loved his land.
Holy victory
They approached.
But the death of heroes
Boys, those fell.
And eternal memory
Children of war.
Their feat of immortal
We must remember!
Finish our meeting, allow the words of the folk proverb:
The hero dies - the memory leaves itself.
Eternal memory to the defenders of the Motherland. Announced a minute of silence.
Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. He studied, helped the elders, played, bred pigeons, sometimes even participated in the scuffles. But an hour of heavy test came and they proved that an ordinary little children's heart can be enormous when sacred love of his homeland begins in it, pain for the fate of his people and hatred for enemies. And no one expected that it was these boys and girls who are able to commit a great feat to the glory of freedom and independence of their homeland!
Children remaining in destroyed cities and villages became streetless, doomed to hungry death. It was scary and difficult to stay on the territory occupied by the enemy. Children could send to the concentration camp, to take it to work in Germany, turning into slaves, to make donors for German soldiers, etc.
Here are the names of some of them: Volodya Czazmin, Jura Zhadno, Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Lara Mikheenko, Valya Kitty, Tanya Morozova, Vitya boxes, Zina Portorova. Many of them fought that they have earned the battle orders and medals, and four: Marat Kasey, Valya Kitty, Zina Portnova, Lenya Golikov, became the heroes of the Soviet Union.
From the first days of the occupation of the boy and the girls began to act at their own risk, which was indeed fatal.
"Fedya Samodurov. Fed 14 years old, he is a pupil of a motorized rifle part, which commands Guard Captain A. Chernavin. Fedya was selected in his homeland, in the destroyed village of Voronezh region. Together with part, he participated in the battles for Ternopil, the Germans knocked from the city with a machine-gun calculation. When almost the entire calculation died, a teenager, together with the surviving fighter, took over the machine gun, long and stubbornly shooting, delayed the enemy. Fedya was awarded the medal "for the courage".
Vanya Kozlov, 13 years old, He stayed without relatives and for the second year is in the motorized rifle part. At the front, he delivers food, newspapers and letters to fighters in the most difficult conditions.
Petya tooth.No less difficult specialty chose Peter's tooth. He has long decided to become an intelligence. Parents killed him, and he knows how can you settle with the damned German. Together with experienced reconnaissance, it gets to the enemy, reports his whereabouts, and artillery for their pointer gives fire, crushing fascists. " ("Arguments and Facts", №25, 2010, p. 42).
And sixteen-year schoolgirl Olya Demes with his younger sister Lida At the station Orsha in Belarus, on the task of the commander of the partisan brigade, S. Zhulin was exploded using magnetic mines tanks with flammable. Of course, the girls attracted a much less attention to German security and policemen than teenage boys or adult men. But after all, girls fit into the dolls, and they fought with the soldiers of the Wehrmacht!
Thirteen-year-old Lida often took the basket or bag and went on railway tracks to collect coal, producing intelligence on German military echelons. If she was stopped by watch, she explained that he collects coal to pull the room in which the Germans live. Mama Oli and younger sister Lida Fascists grabbed and shot, and Olya continued to fearfully fulfill the tasks of partisans.
For the head of the young partisani Oli Demes Fascists promised a generous award - the land, a cow and 10 thousand stamps. Copies of her photography were distributed and sent to all patrol services, policemen, old builders and secret agents. Seek and deliver it alive - this was the order! But I could not catch the girl. Olga destroyed 20 German soldiers and officers, allowed 7 enemy echelons under Sunshi, conducted intelligence, participated in the "Rail War", in the destruction of German punitive divisions.
Children of the Great Patriotic War
What was with children in this terrible time? During the war?
The guys worked in the factories, factories and industries, putting on the machines instead of the brothers and fathers who went to the front. Children worked on defense enterprises: they made fuses to miners, smeared to manual grenades, smoke checkers, color signal rockets, collected gas masks. Worked in agriculture, grown vegetables for hospitals.
In school sewing workshops, pioneers sewed for the army underwear, gymnasters. Girls knitted warm things for the front: mittens, socks, scarves, sewed brushes for tobacco. The guys helped the wounded in hospitals, wrote a letter to their dictation with their own, put the concerts for the wounded performances, arranged concerts, causing a smile among the exhausted war adult men.
A number of objective reasons: Care of teachers in the army, the evacuation of the population from Western regions to the eastern, inclusion of students in labor in connection with the departure of the Familian feeding war, the transfer of many schools under the hospitals and others, prevented deploying in the USSR during the war of universal seven Training started in the 1930s. In the remaining educational institutions, training was conducted in two or three, and sometimes four shifts.
At the same time, children were forced to store firewood firewood. There were no textbooks, and due to the lack of paper they wrote on old newspapers between the lines. Nevertheless, new schools opened, additional classes were created. For evacuated children, boarding schools were created. For the youth, which at the beginning of the war left the school and was busy in industry or agriculture, in 1943 schools of working and rural youth were organized.
In the chronicles of the Great Patriotic War, there are still many little-known pages, such as the fate of kindergartens. "It turns out that in December 1941, children's gardens worked in a deposited Moscow in bomb shelter. When the enemy was discarded, they resumed their work faster than many universities. By the fall of 1942, 258 kindergartens opened in Moscow!
From memories of Military childhood Lydia Ivanovna Kostyleyova:
"After the death of the grandmother, I was defined for a kindergarten, an older sister at school, mom at work. I went to the kindergarten alone, on the tram, it is in part-time five years. Somehow I was seriously sick, lay at home alone with a high temperature, there was no drugs, it was killed in a rapid pig that runs under the table, but everything went.
My mother saw each other and rare weekends. Children raised the street, we were friendly and forever hungry. From early spring, they ran to Mai, the blessing of the forest and swamps nearby, collected berries, mushrooms, different early grass. Bombings gradually stopped, in our Arkhangelsk the residences of the allies were placed, it brought to life a certain flavor - we, children, sometimes slept warm clothes, some products. Basically, we ate black Shanghi, potatoes, sealing seals, fish and fish oil, on holidays - "Marmalad" from algae, tinted with a swamp. "
More than five hundred educators and nannies in the fall of 1941 digging the trenches on the approaches to the capital. Hundreds worked on logging. Educators, who were still a dance with children, fought in the Moscow militia. Under Mozhaisk heroically, the teacher of Children's Garden of the Baumansky district Natasha Yanovskaya died. Educators remaining with children did not make exploits. They just saved the kids who have fathers fought, and the mother stood at the machines.
Most kindergartens during the war were boarded, the children were there afternoon and night. And in order to feed the children at half ago, to protect them from the cold, to give them a drop of comfort, to take them with the benefit for the mind and soul - for such work there was a huge love for children, deep decency and limitless patience. " (D. Shevarov "World News", №27, 2010, p. 27).
Children have changed games, appeared "... a new game - to the hospital. The hospital was played before, but not so. Now the wounded for them are real people. But in the war playing less often, because no one wants to be a fascist. These roles are performed by trees. They shoot with snowballs. We learned how to assist the victims - fallen, bruised. "
From the letter of the boy Frontovik: "We used to play a war too, and now much less often - the war was tired, rather it would end so that we live well ..." (ibid.).
In connection with the death of parents, many street children appeared in the country. The Soviet state, despite the difficult wartime, still fulfilled its obligations to children left without parents. A network of children's receivers and orphanages was organized and opened to combat hopelessness, employment of adolescents was organized.
Many families of Soviet citizens began to take to their upbringing of orphans, where they have gained new parents. Unfortunately, not all the educators and leaders of children's institutions were characterized by honesty and decency. Here are some examples.
"In the autumn of 1942, in the Pochinkovsky district of the Gorky region, children, stealing potatoes and grain with collective farm fields, were caught in rags. It turned out that the "harvest was collected" the pupils of the district orphanage. And they did it by no means from a good life. When conducting further investigation, local policemen disclosed a criminal group, and, in fact, a gang consisted of employees of this institution.
In total, seven people were arrested in the case, including the director of the orphanage of Novoshelsev, an accountant of the bedrooms, a mostertower of Mukhin and other faces. When searching, 14 children's coats were seized, seven costumes, 30 meters of Sukna, 350 meters of manufacture and other illegally assigned property, with great difficulty allocated by the state in this severe wartime.
The consequence found that by non-idle the relying norm of bread and products, these criminals only during 1942 cleared seven tons of bread, half-tons of meat, 380 kg of sugar, 180 kg of cookies, 106 kg of fish, 121 kg of honey, etc. All these deficient products workers of the orphanage sold on the market or simply ead themselves.
Only one comrade of new settlers daily received on himself and members of his family fifteen servings of breakfasts and dinners. Due to the pupils, the rest of the service personnel was well eaten. Children were fed with "dishes" cooked from the crown and vegetables, referring to a bad supply.
For the whole of 1942, they only once issued on one candy for the 25th anniversary of the October Revolution on one candy ... And what is the most amazing, the director of the orphanage of Novoseltsy in the same 1942 received an honorary diploma for excellent educational work from the People's Commissariat. All these fascists were deservedly sentenced to long term conclusion. " (Zephyrov M.V., Decalarev D.M. "Everything for the front? How really the victory was invented, p. 388-391).
At such a time, the whole essence of man appears .. Every day, stand before the choice - how to do .. and the war showed us examples of great mercy, great heroism and great cruelty, great meanness .. We must remember this !! For the future !!
And no time can cure wounds from the war, especially children. "These years, that were once, the bitterness of childhood does not allow ..."
