Raspberries where they grow in Russia. Common raspberry. Black raspberry varieties

Common raspberries are one of the people's favorite berries. It can also be found in forest clearings, where it forms dense raspberry thickets, and, of course, in dachas and garden plots.

Description of the plant

Common raspberry (Latin name Rubus idaeus) is a thorny, branched subshrub plant belonging to the Rosaceae family (Latin name Rosaceae).

This plant has a perennial rhizome and numerous erect shoots 1.5-2 meters high. In the first year of life, raspberries produce green shoots, fluffy on top, and covered with thin spines closer to the bottom. Brown.

By the second year, these shoots become woody, the thorns on them are less frequent, flowers and then fruits form on them, after which they die, and the rhizome again throws out young shoots. Thus, raspberries have a two-year life cycle.

Raspberry leaves are alternate, compound, odd-pinnate, with 3-7 leaflets on long petioles, of which the upper ones are trifoliate, with stipules adherent to the petiole. Common raspberries bloom with small, discreet white or whitish-pink flowers with five petals and a gray-green pubescent calyx.

The flowers are collected in small corymbose-paniculate inflorescences, which grow from the axils of the leaves. The fruits are red or red-raspberry in color and are a complex berry consisting of many smaller drupes.

In wild raspberries, the fruits easily break down into small drupes, and in cultivated varieties they grow together, forming a dense, juicy berry up to 2.5-4 centimeters long, similar to a cap and easily separated from the conical receptacle.

Raspberry seeds are white-yellow, small, oval-round and hard. The flowering period for raspberries begins at the end of June, and by August the fruits and berries ripen.

Raspberry flowers are pollinated by insects, so the weather greatly affects the amount of harvest. Raspberries propagate by seeds, rhizomes, and cuttings.

IN natural conditions raspberries are more often found on mountain slopes, along river banks, along ravines, in wet forests in clearings, clearings and clearings, where it sometimes forms almost impenetrable raspberry thickets.

Common raspberry is a plant widespread not only in our country, but also almost everywhere. to the globe. On household plots and summer cottages cultivated in all regions, right up to Sakhalin and Kamchatka.

Medicinal properties of common raspberry

Common raspberry has long been famous among the people, and is recognized by traditional official medicine as an excellent medicinal plant. With your truly wonderful medicinal properties, raspberries owe their chemical and biological composition.

Fresh raspberries are rich in substances such as glucose, dextrose, levulose, fructose, and sucrose. Contains various organic acids, such as citric, malic, tartaric, formic, salicylic, caproic, ascorbic and folic acids, as well as carotene, tannins, vitamin C, B vitamins, PP, coumarins, anthocyanins, pectin substances.

Common raspberry seeds contain fatty oils, phytosterol and sitosterol, and fatty acids.

Raspberry leaves contain a lot of ascorbic acid, as well as tannins, phytoncides, ash, macroelements such as potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, and trace elements - magnesium, copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, aluminum, selenium, nickel , strontium, lead and boron.

Common raspberries have a pronounced diaphoretic property, which is due to the presence of weak organic acids that promote a shift in pH towards an alkaline environment and the removal of uric acid salts from the body. Organic acids also promote urination and improve the entire digestive system.

The presence of salicylic acid in common raspberries causes antipyretic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and diaphoretic properties. In addition, raspberry leaves and flowers have excellent antitoxic and hemostatic properties. Leaves and branches collected from a young plant and, of course, raspberries are mainly used as medicinal raw materials.

Only well-ripened berries are collected and used both fresh, dried and frozen. The berries retain their properties in the form of jam, marmalade or confiture. Young raspberry leaves are also used as a tea substitute.

Fruits and berries, young stems (shoots of the first year) and leaves are used in the form of infusions for ARVI, influenza, malaria, scurvy, rheumatism, various colds, to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, for stomach pain, to improve appetite and for loss of strength. Fresh berries simply need to be eaten all season for eczema.

Raspberry leaves, prepared as an infusion, serve as a good medicine for gargling for sore throats; this infusion is also drunk for gastritis, diarrhea, enteritis, fever, cough, heavy menstruation and skin diseases. Raspberry flowers in the form of decoctions are an indispensable remedy for eye inflammation, skin rashes, erysipelas, acne (used as lotions). And when taken orally, this decoction alleviates the condition of patients with malaria and hemorrhoids.

Infusions and decoctions prepared from raspberry leaves are used separately and in the form herbal infusions, as medicines for various neuroses, for neurasthenia, as a good antipyretic.

Raspberry fruits contain a large amount of purine, so for patients with gout and kidney disease, it is better to limit their intake or not take medications with raspberry fruits at all.

Preparation of medicinal raw materials

Raspberry fruits, leaves, shoots of the first year of life and rhizomes are used as medicinal raw materials.

Raspberry fruits are harvested in dry weather, after the dew has dried, carefully separating the berries from the cone-shaped receptacle.

Before processing for medicinal raw materials, the berries must be sorted, removing spoiled berries and debris. Then the raspberry fruits are poured in a thin layer onto a litter or fine mesh and dried. You can also dry the berries in a dryer at a temperature of 55-60 degrees. Properly dried fruits do not leave colored spots when kneading them in your hands. After drying, it is necessary to remove the blackened berries.
Wild raspberries retain their shape better and are more fragrant. The smell of the finished raw material is specific, but pleasant; the dry berries taste sourish-sweet. Store finished raw materials in a dry place in boxes. The shelf life of dry berries is no more than two years.

Leaves, flowers and stems are harvested during the raspberry flowering period. Dry in the shade under a canopy, spreading a thin layer on a clean bedding or fine mesh. Finished raw materials are stored in a dry place for no more than a year. Harvesting of roots and rhizomes is carried out during the same period. The roots are thoroughly washed, cut into small pieces and dried in the same way as other raw materials. Store for no more than two years.

The use of common raspberry in folk medicine

IN folk medicine Common raspberries have been used since time immemorial.

Herbal healers used various parts of this plant, preparing decoctions and infusions from them, using them as a component of herbal preparations.

Raspberry stems - used in the form of a decoction of the tops of stems with flowers and unripe fruits for influenza and ARVI.

Raspberry leaves in the form of an infusion are used for heavy discharge during menstruation, as a means of relieving postpartum pain, and also as a means of preventing miscarriage.

Also, infusions from the leaves are drunk for erysipelas, coughs, colitis or skin rashes. In the form of decoctions - for colds, coughs and sore throats (both drink and gargle), for feverish conditions, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, and stomach bleeding.

Externally, decoctions help with conjunctivitis (rinse the eyes), acne, stomatitis and other diseases of the oral cavity (rinse). Juice from fresh raspberry leaves is a good antibacterial and wound healing agent.

Raspberry color in the form of decoctions and infusions is used to treat ARVI, respiratory diseases, and as an antidote to snake and scorpion bites.

Raspberry flowers and foliage are used as an infusion for douching, lotions (tampons) for gynecological diseases and hemorrhoids. An infusion of raspberry flowers in olive oil (you can use good sunflower oil) is used for insect bites and for the treatment of dermatitis.

Raspberry leaves, flowers and berries are an excellent anti-inflammatory, anti-sclerotic, antipyretic and vitamin remedy that effectively helps with hypertension, atherosclerosis, influenza and ARVI.

Raspberries (fruits) are one of the best remedies for colds.

Raspberry roots and rhizomes are used as a decoction for ascites and as a diaphoretic.

Common raspberries are known in every home. Raspberry jam is eaten and drunk with hot tea for any colds, but here's how to use the rest of this wonderful useful plant Not everyone knows.

Dosage forms

For sore throat, flu, colds drink a glass of infusion at night. The infusion is prepared as follows: take 100-120 grams of dry raspberries (preferably wild raspberries) and pour 3 glasses of boiling water, leave for 30-45 minutes, filter and drink as a diaphoretic.
For burns, wounds, acne and skin rashes An ointment made from fresh juice, squeezed from raspberry leaves and mixed with Vaseline or fresh, helps a lot. butter in the proportion of 1 part juice: 4 parts oil. Apply to affected areas of skin several times a day.
For the treatment of colitis an infusion is used, which is prepared as follows: take 15-20 grams of dry leaves and pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 30-40 minutes. Drink 3 tablespoons 3-4 times a day before meals.
To cleanse blood vessels make an infusion of 1.5-2 tbsp. spoons of dried raspberries, poured with two glasses of boiling water. Wrap the container with the infusion well and let it stand for 8-9 hours. You should drink this infusion half a glass 4-5 times a day.
Herbal mixture for colds: Mix 1 table. A spoonful of dry raspberries and 1 table. l. linden flowers and pour boiling water (3 cups) all over it, put it on the fire and simmer over low heat for 5-7 minutes. Drink this decoction only warm, half a glass 4-5 times a day.
Collection for colds– (all components in dry form) raspberry leaf 50g, strawberry leaf – 40g, cinquefoil 20g, linden blossom 40g, coltsfoot 10g, birch leaf 10g, meadowsweet 10g. Mix all ingredients well (you can chop them), then take 2-3 tbsp. l. this collection, pour into a thermos and pour half a liter of boiling water. Let it brew for 2 hours, and then you can drink half a glass throughout the day (add more honey if you have it).
Collection for gastritis, enteritis, diarrhea- (all components in dry form) raspberry stems and leaves 50g., galangal root 20g., red root 10g., toadflax 20g., meadow china 20g., bergenia root 10g., burdock root 10g., blueberry 20g., bird cherry berries 10g., heather 10g. Mix everything, then 2 tbsp. l. Pour this mixture into a thermos and pour half a liter of boiling water. Leave for 5-6 hours and drink this volume during the day, half a glass per dose.

Contraindications

Individual intolerance to medicinal raw materials raspberries.

Undoubtedly, one of the most favorite berries in Russia is raspberries. Raspberries are quite winter-hardy and unpretentious, and quickly begin to bear fruit. Raspberry bushes, depending on the variety, can be low - about 1.5 m, medium - no more than 2 m and vigorous - more than 2 m, as well as upright, medium and slightly spreading. Bushes also differ in the direction of growth, the number and thickness of shoots, with or without thorns. Berries from 2 to 12 g of excellent taste and aroma also have valuable medicinal and dietary properties, rich in biologically active substances and vitamins. The berries are used fresh, dried, frozen, and prepared into preserves, juices, jams, compotes, liqueurs, liqueurs, and marmalade.

Raspberry (lat. Rubus)- a shrub from the Rosaceae family.

Grows in clearings, forests, bushes, and river banks. Often grown in gardens.

Raspberry is a deciduous shrub with a perennial rhizome, from which biennial aboveground stems develop, usually up to one and a half meters high.

The rhizome is sinuous, woody, with multiple adventitious roots, forming a powerful branched system.

Stems are erect. The shoots of the first year are herbaceous, green with a bluish bloom, juicy, covered with thin, usually frequent miniature thorns.

The leaves are oval, alternate, petiolate, compound, with 3-7 ovate leaflets, dark green above, whitish below, pubescent with small hairs.

The flowers are white, about 1 cm in diameter, collected in small racemes, located on the tops of the stems or in the axils of the leaves. The petals are shorter than the calyx lobes.

The fruits are small, hairy drupes fused on a receptacle to form a complex fruit. Fruits appear not only on the shoots of the second year. In the southern regions, fruits also appear on the shoots of the first year in mid-autumn. These shoots become woody and turn brown, and fruiting branches with flower buds grow from the axils of the leaves. Immediately after fruiting, the side branches dry out, but new stems grow from the same root the next year.

In central Russia, raspberries bloom from June to July, sometimes until August.

Sort of about 250 (according to other sources up to 600) species, distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. About 30 species and several hybrids grow in Russia, which have different names:

Rubus idaeus – common raspberry, forest
Rubus fructicosus - gray blackberry (ozhina, ezhina)
Rubus chamaemorus – cloudberry
Rubus caesius - gray blackberry
Rubus saxatilis - stony stoneweed
Rubus arcticus - arctic princess (raspberry), glade, mamura
Rubus armeniacus - Armenian or Himalayan blackberry
Rubus sachalinensis – Sakhalin raspberry
Rubus nessensis – bramble
Rubus candicans
Rubus odoratus – fragrant raspberry
Rubus humulifolius
Rubus matsumuranus
Rubus nemorosa
Rubus glaucus - mora
Rubus neveus – Mysore raspberry

1. Fragrant raspberry - Rubus odoratus.

Grows wild on rocky forest slopes in eastern North America.

Deciduous shrub up to 3 m tall (in cultural conditions no higher than 1.5), with shiny brown shoots and peeling bark. Young shoots are hairy and glandular, shiny brown, without thorns. The leaves are simple, large, up to 20 cm, 3-5-lobed, with sharp, ovate-triangular lobes, similar to maple (for this similarity, some authors classify this species as a separate genus and call it “raspberry maple”). The leaf blade is light green, pubescent on both sides, glandular, on a long petiole. Large, up to 5 cm in diameter, pink-purple flowers (a white variety is also known) with a pleasant aroma, solitary or collected in short paniculate inflorescences, densely planted with long, glandular hairs; bloom in the first half of June, decorating the plant throughout the summer. Fruits up to 1 cm, hemispherical, flattened, light red, sour, edible, but there are very few of them. The leaves turn yellow at the end of September.

Winter-hardy, although the ends of the shoots often freeze slightly at the latitude of Moscow. It is recommended for quick gardening, as undergrowth in forest parks, for decorating inconveniences. In culture since 1770. It can occasionally be found in the landscaping of Arkhangelsk, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and other cities.

2. Beautiful raspberry - Rubus deliciosus

An elegant, widely spreading deciduous shrub up to 3 m tall, common in the western regions of North America. The bark on the shoots is dark gray, flaking longitudinally. Young shoots are softly pubescent. The leaves are simple, kidney-shaped or ovate, up to 7 cm long, 3-5-lobed, unequally toothed, somewhat reminiscent of grape leaves, but smaller and more delicate, dark green, shiny. The flowers are pure white, large, up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary, with a pleasant delicate aroma. Flowering is very abundant, colorful, lasting up to 20 days. The fruits are hemispherical, up to 1.5 cm, dark purple, dryish, tasteless.

Good in any garden, park, square, especially in parterre plantings in the foreground. In culture since 1870.

3. Hawthorn-leaved raspberry - Rubus crataegifolius.

This original Far Eastern subshrub differs significantly from the well-known fruit shrub M. vulgare, and is grown primarily as an ornamental plant, although the fruits are quite juicy, but sour and contain many hard seeds. In cultivation in Russia they are planted only in botanical gardens.

In nature, the bush reaches a height of 1-2 m; specimens grown in Moscow have the same dimensions.
Blooms from mid-June to August. The shoots are dark purple or brownish-red, furrowed, thick, branching at the top, covered with thorns and pubescent. The bush looks decorative due to the fact that the shoots bend in an arch, especially in the upper part. The leaves, unlike most types of raspberries, are simple, three- or five-lobed, dark green, pubescent on both sides, large-serrate along the edge, up to 12 cm long. Their autumn color is very beautiful, turning yellow, orange, dark red. Flowers are up to 2 cm in diameter, white, collected in apical drooping inflorescences.

The fruits are dark red, shiny, sweet and sour, juicy complex drupes, fused at the bases, ripening in early August. It blooms and bears fruit from the age of 5.

It grows well on fairly moist, slightly podzolic soils, tolerates shade, but blooms and bears fruit better in bright places. Planted in April and October. Since the plant develops as a subshrub, all old faded shoots are pruned in the fall to the two or three lower buds, this stimulates the formation of new shoots in the spring. It is quite winter-hardy in the middle zone, although the shoots, like those of a subshrub, die off in winter, but quickly grow back in spring.

Propagation by stratified seeds and cuttings (cuttings give a high percentage of rooting when treated with IBA 0.01%), root suckers, formed in large numbers, by dividing bushes.
They are planted as single bushes, in groups, or used to create trimmed and untrimmed hedges and borders. The berries are used for food by the local population within the natural range.

4. Common raspberry - Rubus idaeus.

Common raspberry is a branched perennial subshrub with an erect stem, up to 180 cm high.. The shoots of the first year are green, sterile, covered with thorns, while the shoots of the second year are fruit-bearing and slightly woody. The leaves are alternate, imparipinnate, with 3-5, sometimes 7 leaflets, glabrous above, white-tomentose below. The flowers are inconspicuous, greenish-white, five-petaled, collected in axillary racemes. The fruit is a crimson-red complex drupe, easily separated from the conical receptacle. Blooms in June-July. The fruits ripen in July-August.

Common raspberry is widely cultivated in the central and northern regions, the Urals and Siberia. In the wild, raspberries are distributed in forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part of the CIS, in Western Siberia, in the Caucasus, Crimea and some areas of Central Asia.

Fruits are used as medicinal raw materials. They are harvested at full maturity without a cone-shaped receptacle. Harvesting is carried out only in dry weather after the dew has dried; the berries are placed in small and shallow baskets. The collected raw materials are cleaned of leaves, branches, spoiled fruits that accidentally got into it and dried in air. The collected raspberries should be dried in the sun or in cooled ovens at a temperature of 50-60°, spread out in a thin layer and carefully turning over. The dried fruits are a complex drupe of round or cone-shaped form with individual (30-60) grayish-crimson drupes fused together. The smell is specific, pleasant, the taste is sour-sweet. Raw materials are stored in a dry place in solid containers.

Beneficial features

Raspberries contain malic, citric, caproic, formic and salicylic acids, vitamins C and B, carotene, sucrose, glucose, fructose, tannins, cyanidin chloride. The seeds contain up to 15% fatty oil.

Wild berries are considered more valuable- its fruits are smaller and more sour than those of the garden variety, but they are more fragrant, less watery and are better preserved when dried.

The diaphoretic and antipyretic effect of raspberries, associated with the presence of salicylic acid in it, has been known since time immemorial. Tea made from dried fruits is an excellent remedy for colds. In folk medicine, raspberries are also used to improve digestion, for scurvy, anemia, stomach pain, and fever. Infusions and decoctions of raspberry leaves are taken orally as an astringent for diarrhea, gastric and uterine bleeding, inflammatory bowel diseases, and as a gargle for sore throats and catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract. A decoction of flowers is used to wash the face for erysipelas, acne and to wash the eyes for conjunctivitis. Infusions of leaves and flowers are used for hemorrhoids and gynecological diseases, and a decoction of leaves with potash is used as a home remedy for dyeing hair black.

In scientific medicine, dried raspberry fruits are used as a diaphoretic for various colds.

To prepare the infusion, brew 2 tablespoons of dried raspberries with a glass of boiling water, leave in a closed vessel for several hours, then filter. Take it hot. Raspberry fruits are included in sweatshop collections No. 1 and No. 2.

The industry produces syrup from raspberry fruits, which is used in pharmacies to improve the taste of medicines.

Common raspberry varieties

Early ripening

Scarlet sail. The bush is powerful, the shoots are weakly thorny in the lower part, erect, with drooping tops, prone to branching, tall (up to 2.2 m), bright red in autumn, shoot formation is good (9 - 11 pieces per bush). Winter-hardy, in severe winters when the main bud freezes, it forms a harvest due to axillary buds. Productivity up to 1.7 kg of berries per bush. Berry weighing 2.5 - 2.7 g, round-conical, ruby color, universal use. Tolerant to major fungal diseases. Damaged by raspberry and spider mites, sensitive to mycoplasma overgrowth.
Runaway. It is very popular among amateur gardeners. The bush is medium-sized (1.7 - 2.0 m), slightly spreading, shoots are erect, almost thornless, light brown by autumn, shoot productivity is good (7 - 9 pieces per bush). They are distinguished by high winter hardiness. The yield is good - up to 2 kg of berries per bush. The berries are medium-sized (2.5 - 3 g), golden-apricot in color, excellent taste with a delicate aroma, not transportable.
Meteor. The bush is powerful, of medium height (1.8 - 2 m), upright, slightly spreading, with good shoot-forming ability, weakly remontant. Winter-hardy, high-yielding - up to 2 kg per bush. The variety is distinguished by very early (at the end of June) and relatively friendly harvest ripening. It opens the season for raspberry consumption. The berries are medium-sized (2.7 - 3 g), ruby in color, round-conical, good taste, aromatic. Resistant to major diseases.
Early sweet. The bush is tall (2 - 2.5 m), semi-spreading. The shoots are erect at the base, curved at the top, spiny, with a waxy coating, with a reddish tan in the fall, shoot formation is average. Winter hardiness is high, average yield (1.2 - 1.5 kg per bush). The berries are small - up to 2 g, round-conical, red, excellent taste, with a strong aroma best forms forest raspberries, non-transportable. Tolerant to major fungal diseases.
Sun. The bush is medium-sized, the shoots are tall (1.8 - 2 m), low-thorned, powerful, with a sloping upper part, shoot formation is average. Winter hardiness is moderate, yield up to 1.5 kg of berries per bush. The berries are large (3.5 - 4 g), round-conical, raspberry, with delicate aromatic pulp, sweet and sour, great taste. Moderately resistant to major fungal diseases.
Early surprise. The bush is medium-sized, semi-spreading, the shoots are straight-growing, strongly spiny, with a slight waxy coating, shoot formation is average. Winter-hardy, relatively drought-resistant, yield up to 1.5 kg of berries per bush. The berries are medium-sized (2.5 - 3 g), blunt-conical, red, of good taste. Tolerant to major fungal diseases.
Abundant— large and very large bright red berries (4–10 or more grams), dense, transportable, ripen on a powerful two-meter bush.
Cumberland- a variety of black raspberries. It is winter-hardy (withstands frosts up to 30 ° C) and is very decorative. On bushes 1.5–2 meters high, dotted with numerous thorns, sweet, round, black and purple shiny berries ripen. And that's not all the advantages. ‘Cumberland’ is resistant to disease, the berries ripen smoothly and do not wrinkle during transportation.

Medium ripening varieties

Arabesque— the compact bush of this raspberry grows up to 1.5–2 m. The burgundy-red shiny berries weigh 4–8 g. The variety is very unpretentious, adapts well even to unfavorable conditions
Arbat- medium-sized, powerful, spreading bushes hung with large, dark red berries. The usual weight of each is 4–12 g, but there are a lot of giant berries - up to 18 g. The disadvantages of the variety include moderate winter hardiness - in cold winters the shoots need to be bent and covered with snow.
Balm. The bush is medium-sized, the height of the shoots is 1.7 - 1.8 m, they are upright, medium-thorny, and the shoot productivity is average. It is distinguished by its high winter hardiness and yield (up to 2.2 kg of berries per bush). The berries are medium-sized (2.5 - 3 g), ruby in color, truncated-conical, good sweet and sour taste. The variety is resistant to major fungal diseases, is slightly damaged by spider mites, and is resistant to damping off of the bark and winter drying of the stems.
Yellow giant- remontant variety of large-fruited raspberries. The one and a half meter bush produces large and medium light yellow berries (4–8 g).
Crane. Bush of medium power, compact. The shoots are medium-sized (1.7 - 2 m), thick, straight, slightly spiny, shoot formation is average, remontant. Winter-hardy, productive (up to 2 kg per bush). The berries are medium-sized (2.7 - 3.5 g), blunt-conical, ruby, dense, of good taste. Relatively hardy to fungal diseases, resistant to raspberry mite.
Kirzhach. The bush is powerful, slightly spreading, with a high shoot-forming ability, the shoots are erect, slightly spiny. Winter-hardy, high-yielding (up to 2 kg per bush), medium-sized berries (2.8 - 3 g), blunt-conical, universal purpose. Relatively resistant to fungal diseases and raspberry mite.
Cumberland. The only variety of black raspberry released in Russia. A bush of medium height (1.5 - 2 m), with arched shoots covered with numerous sharp thorns and a thick waxy coating. Does not form root suckers. Propagated by rooting the tips of shoots. Winter hardiness is average, it is advisable to cover the shoots with snow. Productivity can reach 1.7 - 2 kg of berries per bush. The berries are small - up to 2 g, round, black-violet, shiny, with a whitish coating between the drupes, sweet, with a blackberry flavor, transportable. Tolerant to major raspberry diseases and pests.
Lazarevskaya. The bush is low (1.5 - 1.8 m), straight-growing, slightly spreading. The shoots are thin, erect, prone to branching, slightly spiny, light brown, shoot formation is very high (up to 15 - 20 pieces per bush). Winter-hardy, high yield - up to 2.2 kg of berries per bush. The berries are medium-sized (2.6 - 3.5 g), elongated-conical, dull red, good taste, with a weak aroma. Moderately resistant to fungal diseases. Highly sensitive to raspberry mite.
Reward. The bush is medium-sized (1.7 - 2 m), spreading, with moderate shoot formation. The shoots are erect, medium thick, spiny, and burgundy in autumn. Winter-hardy, yield up to 2 kg of berries per bush. The berries are medium-sized (2.5 - 3 g), elongated-conical, red, good taste, with a typical raspberry aroma. Moderately resistant to fungal diseases. Highly sensitive to raspberry mite, shoot gall midge, mycoplasma wilt.
Purple Haze- a one and a half meter compact bush strewn with bright red, shiny, large berries (4–10 g). The peculiarity of the variety is resistance to viruses.
Shy. The bush is medium-vigorous, compressed, with moderate shoot-forming ability. The shoots are almost thornless, tall (1.8 - 2.2 m), erect, prone to branching. Winter-hardy, the yield is stable and high - up to 2.2 kg of berries per bush. The berries are medium-sized (3 - 3.5 g), round-conical, universally used. Tolerant to major fungal diseases and raspberry mite. Sensitive to spider mites.
Companion. The bush is medium-sized, with moderate shoot-forming ability, shoots 1.8 - 2 m high, powerful, straight-growing, medium-thorny. Winter-hardy and productive - up to 2 kg of berries per bush. I years are medium-large (2.7 - 3.5 g), dense, hemispherical, dark crimson, universal use. Tolerant to fungal diseases, relatively resistant to spider mites, sensitive to shoot callitsa and raspberry mites.
Tarusa - a one and a half meter bush with standard type shoots is a raspberry tree that does not require supports. The first domestic variety of this kind. Large (4–12 g) bright red berries, dense, transportable.

Late ripening varieties

Brigantine. The bush is compact, of medium height (1.8 - 2 m) with a moderate number of powerful, erect, weakly spiny shoots, and average shoot-forming ability. Winter hardiness is average, yield is high (up to 2.2 kg of berries per bush). The berries are large (3.2 - 3.8 g), dark crimson, dense, round-conical, good taste. It is damaged to a moderate degree by fungal diseases. Sensitive to raspberry mite. Relatively resistant to spider mites, anthracnose and drought.
Latham. Launched in the USA. The bush is medium tall (1.6 - 1.8 m), compact, shoot formation is high. The shoots are medium thin, straight, spiny, with a thick waxy coating, and bright red in autumn. Winter-hardy, yield 1.7 - 2 kg of berries per bush. Berries weighing up to 2.5 - 2.8 g, round, red, mediocre taste with a weak aroma. Resistant to mycoplasma growth and winter drying. Moderately resistant to fungal and viral diseases.

Remontant varieties

Indian summer. The bush is medium-sized, spreading, the shoot-forming ability is average, the shoots are erect, strongly branched, the fruiting zone exceeds half of their length. The autumn harvest is up to 1 kg per bush, and in more southern regions - 1.5 - 2 kg. The berries are medium-sized (3 - 3.5 g), round-conical, good taste, universal purpose. The first berries ripen before frost. In the central part of Russia, the potential yield is realized by 50 - 70%.

Growing

Raspberry is a shrub consisting of a perennial root system and an aerial part in the form of annual and biennial shoots. The raspberry root system is represented by a rhizome - an underground stem, from which lateral roots extend 1.5 - 2 m and are located in the surface 10 - 50 cm layer of soil. The roots can penetrate up to two meters or more in depth.

Planting raspberries better in autumn or in the spring. When planting in autumn, the bushes are hilled up for the winter and unearthed in the spring.. For planting, high-quality seedlings with a dense fibrous root system and mature aerial parts are selected. The seedling is dipped in mash, placed in a hole and watered abundantly.

There are two common methods of growing raspberries - preserving the individuality of the bush and tape. When forming a bush on each seat by the end of the second year, 8 - 10 powerful shoots are left, the remaining weak growths are periodically removed. Ribbon placement of raspberries consists of creating a strip of plants. To do this, all shoots outside the strip are regularly removed, and excess weak shoots in the strip are removed. The tape method of growing plants allows you to obtain higher yields, and the tape itself can serve as a hedge. In summer cottages, it is advisable to grow raspberries on supports. This makes it easier to care for and harvest. Tethered shoots are better illuminated, develop a greater number of inflorescences, and as a result produce a larger, high-quality harvest. On annual shoots in the year of their growth, flower buds are laid in the axils of the leaves, most often two together: one main, larger one, the second smaller.

Raspberries in one place can grow up to 15 - 20 years, but the most productive period lasts no more than 10 - 12 years. By this time, the rhizome is aging, the shoots become smaller, the yield decreases, and the bushes must be uprooted.

The durability and productivity of raspberries are determined by the biological characteristics of the variety, winter hardiness and the level of agricultural technology used.

Raspberries are a weakly resistant crop; shoots and buds at the ends of the shoots suffer from frost. Temperatures of -30°C have a detrimental effect on plantings, especially if the plants have not finished growing in the fall in a timely manner.

Raspberries do not tolerate drought or overly moist soils.. It grows well and bears fruit in loose, nutritious and moderately moist soils.

Raspberries are a fast-growing crop; they begin to bear fruit already in the second year after planting. Fruits well and every year.

Raspberry is a good honey plant; bees visit its flowers even in rainy weather.

The life of fresh raspberries is disappointingly short: a day, maybe two. If the raspberries do not spoil even on the fourth day, then hats are taken off to this variety.

Carrying berries anywhere is a pain: they can’t stand the bumps on the road. And therefore, as soon as they are collected, they try to immediately cook, dry, freeze everything that is not immediately eaten - in a word, bring it into some stable state in order to preserve the amazing raspberry aroma for as long as possible.

Raspberries are used to make jam, marmalade, caramel filling, syrups, liqueurs, and they are also dried.

In the first year, the shoot grows in length and thickness and does not form branches.

In the second year, the shoot does not grow, but the buds on it begin to grow and form fruit branches of varying lengths.

Very few fruit branches are formed from the buds of the lower part of the shoot, and the buds at the end of the shoot very often freeze or the berries formed from them are very small and there are few of them.

Biennial shoots that bear fruit dry out and die, and new shoots grow next to the rhizome located in the soil.

The underground part of raspberries is perennial. It consists of a rhizome, from which, as already noted, lateral roots extend in all directions. Raspberry roots are located in the soil at a depth of 10 to 50 cm, depending on the thickness of the soil layer. To the sides of the bush, the roots spread within a radius of 1.5 - 2.0 m.

New annual shoots grow from adventitious buds located on rhizomes and roots during the growing season.

The shoots that appear early in the spring grow well, reaching a normal height by autumn - they are left to replace the shoots that bear fruit.

The shoots that appear in the second half of summer grow slowly, they are of no value, and it is recommended to destroy them.

Raspberry diseases and pests

Anthracnose. It affects young shoots, leaves, their petioles and berries. The disease on the shoots manifests itself in the form of round (oval) depressed spots (ulcers), first purple, then gray, bordered by a red-violet border. Dotted spots form on the leaf blades, and sores appear on the berries, which then dry out, causing the death of leaves and petioles. The brushes and berries also dry out. With severe damage, the shoots become bent, stop growing and even die (including two-year-old shoots).

White spotting. The causative agent of the disease overwinters on plant debris. Affects leaves and stems. Round whitish spots with a thin brownish border appear on the leaves; the tissue in the center of these spots crumbles. The stems become covered with vague whitish spots, the bark on them cracks and peels off. If the infection is severe, the stems may die.

Purple spotting. The causative agent of the disease overwinters on plant debris. It affects stems, buds, leaf petioles, and less often leaves. Light purple spots form on annual shoots, which gradually become reddish-brown. The spots, growing, merge and can cover up to 1/3 of the shoot in length and “ring” it. As a result, the shoots become fragile, easily break and die.

Gray rot. Affects berries and shoots. Infection occurs during flowering. Affected berries rot and are unsuitable for use. On young shoots, elongated spots appear in the internodes, looking like watermarks in autumn and winter. In winter, the bark on the affected areas cracks, and black fruiting bodies of the fungus are visible in the cracks. Such shoots die during wintering. Cold and wet weather favors the development of the disease.

Powdery mildew. It affects berries and growing points of young shoots, as well as young leaves. The disease develops especially strongly in wet and warm weather. Spots appear on the affected parts, covered with a light gray cobwebby coating (as if sprinkled with flour). The berries are unattractive, their quality decreases sharply and they are unsuitable for consumption.

What varieties do you grow? We are waiting for your stories!

In the article we discuss common raspberries, talk about the beneficial properties and uses of the fruits and leaves of the plant. You will learn how to use raspberries to treat coughs and colds, lower blood pressure, stabilize the condition of diabetes mellitus and for women's health.

Common raspberry is a fruit subshrub, a species of the Rubus genus of the Rosaceae family. Lat. name - Rubus idaeus.

Common names: forest raspberry, cat berry.

What does it look like

In this section we have given a description of raspberries. Common raspberry is a deciduous shrub. Its rhizome is perennial, with biennial aboveground stems. Raspberries reach a height of 1.5−2.5 m.

Raspberry photo: Appearance raspberry The sinuous and woody rhizome has many adventitious roots that form a powerful branched system.

Stems are erect. The shoots of the first year are herbaceous, green with a bluish bloom, juicy, covered with thin small thorns. Two-year-old shoots are woody, brown in color, and dry out immediately after fruiting. The next year, new stems grow in their place from the same root.

Leaves are oval, alternate, petiolate, compound. The upper side of the leaves is dark green, the lower side is whitish, with small hairs.

The flowers are white, collected in small racemes. Located at the tops of stems or in the axils of leaves. The petals are shorter than the calyx lobes. Raspberries bloom from June to July; in good weather, flowering continues until August.

The fruits are small hairy drupes, fused on the receptacle into a complex fruit, pink, red or burgundy in color (there are raspberry varieties with yellow and black fruits). Raspberries begin to bear fruit from the second year. Fruits in August.

Where does it grow

Raspberries grow in clearings, in forests, along river banks. It is also a popular garden plant.

Russia is the leader in raspberry cultivation on the world market. The berry is also grown on an industrial scale in Ukraine, Serbia, Poland, Hungary, Germany, France, Great Britain, Canada and the USA.

Raspberry fruits and leaves

Raspberry fruits are most often used for medicinal purposes. Medicinal properties Raspberry leaves also have this property. The branches and roots of the plant are used less often.

Chemical composition

Chemical composition of raspberry fruits:

Sahara;
essential oil;
pectin substances;
protein substances;
slime;
organic acids;
vitamins A, group B, C;
wine spirit;
isoamyl alcohol;
ketones;
anthocyanin cyanin;
catechins;
tannins.

Medicinal properties

Medicinal properties of raspberries:

antipyretic;
diaphoretic;
expectorant;
anti-inflammatory;
pain reliever;
hypotensive;
astringent;
hemostatic;
diuretic;
restorative.

Raspberries are most often used for colds.. Jam or infusion lowers body temperature, relieves inflammation, eliminates cough and other symptoms of ARVI and flu. raspberry eliminates headache, improves well-being. Can be used as a prophylactic.

Raspberries exhibit properties in relation to the cardiovascular and nervous systems. It improves heart function and... Calms nervous system, has an analgesic effect, improves sleep.

Raspberries have a diuretic effect, removing excess fluid from the body. Positively affect kidney function.

Raspberries are good for women's health. It has rejuvenating properties, normalizes hormonal levels, relieves PMS pain, and improves well-being during menopause. Eating raspberries during lactation helps increase the quantity and improve the quality of breast milk.

The most important properties of raspberry leaves are hemostatic and astringent. Tea, decoctions and infusions from the leaves of the plant are used to stop external and internal bleeding, including during heavy menstruation. Medicines based on raspberry leaves are used to treat diarrhea.

How to collect

Use raspberry fruits and leaves for medicinal purposes. Raspberry berries are collected during the fruiting period. Fruits must be collected in dry weather. Each berry is picked separately. Do not pick spoiled or overripe berries - if they let out the juice, they can spoil the rest of the fruits in the basket.

Before harvesting, sort the raspberries, remove crushed berries and debris, rinse under cold running water and dry on a towel. For long-term storage, freeze raspberries by distributing the harvest into plastic containers.

Raspberry leaves are harvested during the flowering period - in June - July. The collection of raw materials is carried out in dry sunny weather. Only clean, dry and healthy leaves are harvested - best of all, young ones, at the tops of the plant.

Do not pick all the leaves from one bush, this will deplete the plant.

In a dark, dry and well-ventilated area. You can prepare raw materials in electric dryers at temperatures up to 40 degrees. Store dried raspberry leaves in bags made of natural fabrics, wooden boxes or glass jars in a dark and dry place.

How to use

Tea is brewed from raspberry leaves and fruits, decoctions, infusions, etc. are prepared. Below we have provided the recipes. medicines for the treatment of cough, lowering temperature, lowering blood pressure, normalizing diabetes, for women's health.

Cough tea

The easiest way to take raspberries for coughs is in the form of jam. You can also sprinkle the berries with sugar and add this mixture to boiling water, black or green tea.

Ingredients:

Raspberries - 1 part.
Sugar - 2 parts.

How to cook: Cover the berries with sugar and store in the refrigerator.

How to use: Add 1-2 teaspoons of raspberries to a glass of tea. It is better to drink raspberry tea before bed. Do not forget that after eating raspberries you should not go outside.

Result: Raspberry when coughing makes it more productive, improves well-being, and improves immunity.

Jam at temperature

Raspberries at fever should be taken in small quantities before bed. Drink raspberry tea when you have a cold, eating 1-2 tablespoons of jam. Wrap yourself in a warm blanket and put on socks.

Raspberries can be taken for colds if the body temperature is below 39 degrees. If you have a very high temperature, call a doctor and take the medications prescribed by a specialist.

Infusion for sore throat

For sore throat, you can take an infusion of raspberry leaves. This remedy is also suitable for the treatment of other diseases in which the nasopharyngeal mucosa becomes inflamed.

Ingredients:

Boiling water - 1.5 cups.

How to cook: Pour boiling water over dry raspberry leaves and leave the medicine for 2-3 hours. Strain the drink before drinking.

How to use: Drink half a glass 3 times a day.

Result: Relieves inflammation, relieves pain.

Decoction for pressure

They brew tea with raspberries, make decoctions and infusions. To lower blood pressure, use a decoction of raspberries and linden flowers.

Ingredients:

Raspberries - 1 teaspoon.
Linden flowers - 1 teaspoon.
Water - 300 ml.

How to cook: Pour water over raspberries and linden, bring to a boil and boil for 3-5 minutes. Cool and strain before using.

How to use: Drink the decoction throughout the day.

Result: Raspberry decoction for blood pressure not only lowers blood pressure, but also strengthens the heart and blood vessels, eliminates shortness of breath, and removes excess fluid from the body.

Tea for diabetes

Raspberries for diabetes can be eaten fresh or frozen, in the form of puree, or drink freshly squeezed raspberry juice. To lower blood sugar levels, you can brew raspberry leaves and drink them like regular tea.

Ingredients:

Raspberry leaves - 1 tbsp.
Boiling water - 1 glass.

How to cook: Pour boiling water over the raspberry leaves and leave for 20-30 minutes.

How to use: Drink as regular tea throughout the day.

Result: Raspberries for diabetes lower blood sugar levels, improve well-being, and improve immunity.

Decoction for atherosclerosis

Raspberries not only lower blood pressure, but also help break down atherosclerotic plaques and reduce the level of bad cholesterol in the blood. To treat atherosclerosis, take a decoction of raspberry leaves.

Ingredients:

Dry raspberry leaves - 10 g.
Boiling water - 1 glass.

How to cook: Pour water over the leaves and boil for 15 minutes. Bring the volume to the original volume with water.

How to use: Take half a glass 3 times a day.

Result: Purifies the blood and lowers cholesterol levels.

Infusion for gastritis

For chronic gastritis and gastritis with high acidity gastric juice You can take an infusion of raspberry leaves.

Ingredients:

Dry crushed raspberry leaves - 2 tbsp.
Water - 1 glass.

How to cook: Pour boiling water over the raspberry leaves, leave for 30 minutes. Strain before use.

How to use: Drink ⅓ glass of infusion 3 times a day half an hour before meals.

Result: Eliminates pain, reduces secretion of hydrochloric acid, helps normalize digestion.

Decoction for women

Ingredients:

Dry raspberry leaves - 2 tbsp.
Water - 500 ml.

How to cook: Fill the raw material with water. Place over medium heat and bring to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for 5 minutes. Cool and strain before use.

How to use: Drink the decoction throughout the day, dividing it into 3 doses.

Result: Raspberry for women helps in the treatment of inflammatory diseases genitourinary system, stimulates the production of hormones, normalizes the menstrual cycle, improves well-being.

Raspberries for children

You can give raspberries to children no earlier than 1 year. Next, berries should be consumed in moderation.

Give your baby 1 raspberry; if an allergic reaction does not occur, you can give a handful of fruits a day.

Raspberry jam can be given in small quantities for coughs and colds. Tea made from the leaves of the plant will help with diarrhea. Before using raspberries for medicinal purposes, consult your pediatrician.

Raspberries during pregnancy

It is not only possible to eat, but also necessary. Raspberries contain vitamins and other beneficial substances necessary to maintain the health of a woman and the development of the fetus.

In the first and second trimester, only the fruits of the plant can be consumed. Fresh berries and jam from them will help cope with colds, improve mood and increase the immunity of a pregnant woman. But tea and decoctions from the leaves should not be consumed - they increase the tone of the uterus and can cause miscarriage or premature birth.

Can be used no earlier than 3 months after birth. Be careful, eating berries can cause allergies in your child. Eat no more than 50 g of raspberries per day. Start with 1 berry and watch the reaction of your body and your baby’s body.

For more information about raspberries, watch the video:

Contraindications

You already know the beneficial properties of raspberries, contraindications for use:

allergy;
kidney, bladder, or gallstones;
gout.

Raspberries should be used with caution when gastrointestinal diseases in acute form.

Classification

Taxonomic position:

department: Flowers;
class: Dicotyledons;
order: Rosaceae;
family: Pink;
genus: Rubus;
species: Common raspberry.

Varieties

The genus Rubus, to which the common raspberry belongs, includes 1494 species. The most famous are: blackberry, cloudberry, princeberry, stone fruit, raspberry.

Raspberry common infographic

Photo of common raspberry, its beneficial properties and uses
Infographics on common raspberries

What to remember

The benefits and harms of raspberries depend on chemical composition. Useful properties possess the fruits and leaves of the plant, sometimes its branches and roots are used.
Raspberries are used to treat coughs, lower temperatures, lower blood sugar levels, normalize blood pressure, and for women's health.
Raspberries can be taken during pregnancy after consulting your doctor.

Please support the project - tell us about us

In contact with

Classmates

For centuries, raspberries have been rightfully considered one of the most popular and beloved berries. After all, it is a storehouse of vitamins and minerals for humans (about how to make delicious preparations from raspberries, see). In addition, the culture is easy to care for and easily reproduces in open ground. This article will tell you how to plant correctly and provide optimal conditions for seedlings.

Breeders have developed raspberry varieties with berries of different colors: black, red and yellow. There are varieties with no thorns on the stems. It is also divided into types: ordinary, large-fruited and standard. According to the timing of ripening, it is divided into early, medium and late ripening, as well as remontant.

When choosing a variety for planting a raspberry tree, take into account all these factors, but it is better to rely on varieties that have shown good results in your climatic region, as well as on your own taste preferences. We list the best varieties:

Cumberland - has black berries. It does not produce root shoots and can even be planted for decorative purposes in a flower garden;

Cumberland variety

Hussar, Phoenix, Hercules, Maroseyka, Taganka, Kaliningradskaya, Mirage, Kalashnik - varieties with red berries;
Amber, Slastena, Golden Domes, Yellow Giant - varieties with yellow berries;

Amber variety

Among the best remontant varieties, it is worth noting Maroseyka, Slastena and Taganka;
of the old varieties the most a win-win option is Kaliningradskaya, for some reason it is least affected by the stem gall midge.

Garden blackberry

Garden blackberries are also raspberries, only with five-meter branches and greater love for the sun. It reproduces well by the ends of shoots placed in the ground. It forms and requires the same care as raspberries. There is only one problem with her: where to put the long lashes. Only a trellis and a little trick will help here: young shoots “dangle” in one direction, and fruit shoots in the other.

Choosing a place for a raspberry garden

The location for the future raspberry garden must be chosen in advance. Raspberries are a very light-loving crop, so they are best suited to southern areas protected from strong winds. Lowland areas where moisture stagnates, as well as elevated slopes where the plant does not have enough moisture, are not suitable for raspberries, because its roots are located 15-20 cm from the soil surface.

Raspberries are always planted in the open sunlight site

In partial shade, raspberries bear fruit worse, with the exception of southern regions. Raspberries prefer nutritious, light loamy soils with good moisture permeability. Raspberries are grown in one place for about 12 years, then it is necessary to change the place. This is due to the fact that during this time the soil is depleted, diseases accumulate and the plant reduces yields. The raspberry tree can be returned to the same place again in 4-6 years.

Why is it better to plant in autumn?

Raspberries can be planted at any time of the year, except winter. But autumn planting is still preferable for the plant, since at this time there is no drying summer heat, and the soil maintains stable moisture, which creates optimal conditions for the survival of the young plant. And in the spring, the rooted seedlings rapidly begin to grow.

Young shoots on a raspberry bush

When planting in spring, the survival rate of the plant will greatly depend on weather conditions. Dry and hot weather can set in any day. And even with constant abundant watering, it is difficult for seedlings to take root, since raspberry sap flow begins very early and by the time of planting the seedlings already have leaves. The roots have not yet taken root, and the leaf evaporates water, as a result the seedling draws moisture from the stems. Only pruning the seedling to those buds that have not yet begun to grow will help.

Advice. For summer planting, purchase raspberry seedlings grown in containers. Such plants take root well, because when planting root system practically no injuries.

Proper planting of raspberries

Planting raspberries in a trench gives good results. The distance between the trenches is at least 1.8 m, and between the bushes 0.5 m. If you border a trench one meter wide with slate to a depth of 30 cm, this will allow you to add mulch and manure, and will also limit the spread of the root shoots of the plant across the site. The row spaces can be lined with lawn grass or green manure can be sown in them.

Raspberry garden arrangement

Let's get back to landing. We dig a trench to the depth of a spade bayonet and two bayonets wide. Mix the excavated soil with compost, superphosphate and potassium sulfate. We shorten the seedlings almost to the ground, leaving a few buds. The lower bud should be at ground level when planting. Next, water the plant and mulch with sawdust, peat, straw or leaves. Install reinforced concrete pillars or pipes at the ends of the trenches. Stretch a wire between them at a height of 1 m from the soil surface, the second row of wire at a height of 1.5 m. Subsequently, the raspberries are tied to the wire.

Raspberry care

Many books recommend constant weeding and loosening the soil under the bushes to control weeds, but with this method, the root system of the plant is constantly injured, which affects the yield. Therefore, it is better to mulch the soil with any organic material (8-10 cm layer). To do this, you can use humus, sawdust, foliage, and crushed bark. As they decompose, they will serve as fertilizer, cut off weeds and retain moisture in the soil. It is especially convenient to mulch bordered rows in raspberry fields.

Drip irrigation of raspberries

Raspberries are one of those plants that react sharply to a lack of moisture in the soil; the fruits become bony and tasteless, and the bush can even dry out. Watering should be done infrequently, but abundantly. Mulch the rows generously once a week. It is very important that the soil is constantly moist.

For the winter, the bushes are bent to the ground. Under a layer of snow, the buds are preserved and do not freeze out. This applies to northern regions with harsh winters.

In the spring, it is necessary to inspect the plantation and cut out all dried branches at the root. Dead crowns should be removed to a healthy bud. In the fall, cut out two-year-old shoots that bear fruit at the root.

Advice. In the first year after planting, some bushes may not take root for various reasons. In the fall, new plants should be planted in empty spaces. If the losses are minor, you don’t have to wait for autumn, but rather replant the missing bushes in the summer. This can be done with green offspring.

Raspberry formation

It is very important to regulate shoot growth. The bush can produce more than a dozen young shoots; you need to leave 5-6 - exactly as many shoots as bear fruit. They will replace those branches that will give up the harvest and dry up.

Raspberry pruning

The strongest and most powerful shoots are left, the rest must be removed. This is easy to do with a shovel or flat cutter. When the shoots have grown and begin to ripen for the winter, it is necessary to cut off the upper quarter of each shoot with pruning shears: the best harvest is formed in the middle third of the shoot.

Advice: You can do this: raspberries are planted in two rows at a distance of 90 cm. In the first year, one row of raspberries is planted, and in the second year another row is planted. Now we maintain the same age of seedlings in each row. The first row bears fruit, and the second row grows next year. The first one has yielded its harvest and is cut down to the soil level; next year it grows back, and the second one bears fruit. And we do this all the time. With this method it is quite convenient to care for raspberries and work with shoots.

Fertilizer and feeding

If the seedlings were planted in soil well fertilized with organic matter, then in the first year fertilizers and fertilizing will not be required. It is generally impossible to imagine raspberries without a layer of organic matter or manure under the bushes. Without good nutrition, raspberries become smaller and do not produce good growth.

Raspberry bushes need to be fed several times a season.

During the season, raspberries are fed three times:

At the very beginning of the growing season, the plant needs nitrogen. At the end of March, you need to add ammonia and saltpeter at 10 g per 1 sq. m. m. Or take infused mullein at the rate of 500 ml per bucket of water. This feeding is enough for a meter of planting. If after the first feeding your plantation does not look so good, then in early June, feed the bushes with an infusion of bird droppings at the rate of 1 kg per bucket of water. This amount should be enough for 6 bushes.
The second feeding is carried out at the beginning of fruiting. During this period, the plant especially needs nutrition. Take any complex fertilizer or nitroammophoska.
The third feeding is aimed at laying the future harvest and winter hardiness of the branches. In September, add potassium salt and superphosphate. Chemical fertilizers can be supplemented with wood ash by adding a glass of it per 1 square meter. m in liquid or dry form.

There is another way to apply fertilizers. For 10 liters of water take ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium salt (30:60:40). All this is applied one time or twice in spring and summer.

It is better to mulch the ground around the bushes. This will allow plants to optimally consume moisture.

By the external state, you can determine which elements are in excess or, conversely, which are insufficient.

A faded leaf blade may indicate a lack of nitrogen.
Large dark leaves and excessive shoot growth indicate an excess of nitrogen.
Thin and weak shoots mean a lack of phosphorus.
If the leaf has turned yellow and green veins are clearly visible on it, there is a lack of iron.
Brown leaves with dried edges indicate a lack of potassium

Reproduction methods

Raspberries are propagated in several ways:

Seeds. This method is rarely used, because young plants do not inherit the qualities of the mother plant. Seeds are taken only from overripe berries. Place in a bag and squeeze out the juice, then spread the remaining mass on a sheet to dry. Before planting, seeds need long-term stratification.

Raspberries bloom from late May to July, and 30-40 days after flowering the berries ripen. Raspberry leaves and flowers are collected in May-June and dried under a canopy in the open air.

In folk medicine, raspberry flowers are used internally and externally as an anti-inflammatory and antitoxic agent.

Benefit

1. Raspberry flowers have anti-inflammatory and antitoxic effects.

2. An infusion to which raspberry flowers are added is recommended for hemorrhoids.

3. For stomach disorders (heartburn, pain, feeling of heaviness after eating), raspberry leaves, flowers and branches are indispensable.

4. A decoction of raspberry flowers is used to wash sore eyes and facial skin from acne.

5. Raspberry leaves and flowers contain tannins, flavonoids, sugars, organic acids, vitamin C and various mineral salts.

6. An infusion of raspberry leaves and flowers is taken internally and externally as a blood purifier for skin diseases, vitamin deficiencies, rashes, eczema, erysipelas, measles, articular rheumatism (lotions from a decoction of raspberry leaves and flowers are applied to sore spots); at infectious diseases, with fever; and externally - for washing the eyes for conjunctivitis and blepharitis.

7. People use raspberry flowers and leaves in the form of an infusion, which they drink for colitis, and gargle with the same infusion for sore throats.

8. An infusion of raspberry flowers is used as an antidote for bites. poisonous snakes and scorpions, as well as for diseases of the female genital area.

9. You can wash your face with an infusion of dried raspberry flowers to get rid of acne and inflammation on the skin of the face.

Harm

Under no circumstances should you take a decoction of raspberry flowers together with aspirin!

Unfortunately, more detailed information not yet available.