Ancient Rus' is a historical period covering the period of time from the 9th to the 13th centuries. This period is called Kievan Rus because the main city at that time was Kyiv. Ancient Rus' occupied the territory of modern Ukraine, part Krasnodar region, part of the Volga region and part of the lands in the north between the Baltic Sea and two lakes - Ladoga and Onega. Physical card Ancient Rus'...
The whole world of ancient Russian life is revealed in epics. Their main character is a hero, a defender of the people. The heroes had enormous physical strength. So it was said about the beloved Russian hero Ilya Muromets: “Wherever he turns, there are streets, wherever he turns with alleys.” At the same time, he was a very peace-loving hero who took up arms only when absolutely necessary. As a rule, the bearer of such irrepressible power is a native of the people, a peasant son. The people's heroes also possessed enormous magical power, wisdom, and cunning. People's memory has preserved the image of heroes who came not only from the peasant environment, the boyar's son Dobrynya Nikitich, the cunning and resourceful representative of the clergy Alyosha Popovich. Each of them had its own character, its own characteristics, but they were all exponents of people's aspirations, thoughts, and hopes. And the main one was the defense of Rus' from fierce enemies.
In the epic images of enemies one can also discern the real foreign policy opponents of Rus', the fight against which has deeply entered the consciousness of the people. Under the name of Tugarin one can see a generalized image of the Polovtsians with their khan Tugorkan, the struggle with whom took an entire period in the history of Rus' in the last quarter of the 11th century. Under the name “Zhidovina” is Khazaria, whose state religion was Judaism. Russian epic heroes faithfully served the epic prince Vladimir. They fulfilled his requests for the defense of the Fatherland; he turned to them at crucial times. The relationship between the heroes and the prince was difficult. There were grievances and misunderstandings here. But all of them, the prince and the heroes, in the end decided on one common cause - the cause of the people. Scientists have proven that the name of Prince Vladimir does not necessarily mean Vladimir I. This image combines the generalized image of Vladimir Svyatoslavich, a warrior against the Pechenegs, and Vladimir Monomakh, the defender of Rus' from the Polovtsians, and the appearance of other brave, wise, and cunning princes. And the more ancient epics reflected the legendary times of the struggle of the Eastern Slavs with the Cimmerians, Sarmatians, Scythians, with all those whom the steppe so generously sent to conquer the East Slavic lands. These were old heroes of very ancient times, and the epics telling about them are akin to the epic of Homer, the ancient epic of other European and Indo-European peoples.
The origin of epics Epics got their name from the words “byl”, “it was”. In them, unknown ancient authors talked about events that really happened: about battles with enemies, about the victories of Russian soldiers. The epics did not develop by themselves, without authors. They were composed by talented people, but not recorded. Epics arose during the times Kievan Rus. At that time, nomads often attacked Kievan Rus. Among the defenders there were those who stood out for their courage and daring. These are heroes. They loved their native land, stood guard over its borders, at any moment of danger they came to the aid of their people, saving them from humiliation and ruin.
Cycles of epics All epics are divided into two cycles: Kyiv and Novgorod. In Kyiv, the actions take place in Kyiv or near it, Prince Vladimir stands in the center, heroes defend the Russian land from nomads, the main characters are Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich. In Novgorod epics, the main character is the Novgorod hero Sadko, he is engaged in trade, making Rus' rich.
The difference between epic heroes and fairy tale heroes Heroes of fairy tales differ from epic heroes. Fairy tale heroes always use magic. They perform all their actions for the sake of themselves or their family, and the heroes initially have enormous power and are the defenders of the entire Russian people.
The meaning and origin of the word “hero” This word has several meanings: This word has several meanings: Hero of Russian epics and fairy tales. Defender of the homeland, a warrior distinguished by extraordinary strength, courage, and daring. Hero of Russian epics and fairy tales. Defender of the homeland, a warrior distinguished by extraordinary strength, courage, and daring. Tall, well built, strong man. Tall, well built, strong man. extraordinary, outstanding man(figurative) An extraordinary, outstanding person (figurative) According to linguists, the word “hero” is derived from the word “rich man” - a rich person.
Items of clothing and military weapon ancient Russian warriors Helmet - a metal headdress that protects the head. Chain mail is a protective shirt made of steel rings. -Shield is a rounded metal board that protects from arrows in battle. The sword is an ancient stabbing and chopping weapon in the form of a double-edged straight blade with a hilt. A spear is a piercing or piercing-cutting bladed weapon (a long wooden stick with a metal tip). A mace is a wooden or metal club with protrusions. A saber is a weapon that looks like a curved strip of steel, with a hilt and a sheath. -Bow weapon throwing type, designed for shooting arrows. -Arrows are a bow projectile consisting of a thin wooden shaft and a metal or bone tip. Quiver-case for arrows. The club is an ancient weapon, a heavy club with a thickened end.
Chainmail Chainmail Chainmail was made from metal rings that were riveted or welded together. In the 10th-11th centuries it took the form of a long-skirted shirt with short sleeves. Since the 12th century, the appearance of chain mail has changed, it has long sleeves, and to protect the neck and shoulders - a chainmail mesh aventail. The chain mail weighed 6-12 kilograms. It is curious that when modern craftsmen began to make chain mail, it turned out that they were made quite quickly.
When going into battle, ancient Russian warriors carried banners and standards with them; they protected their faces with a special metal mask; from the end of the 12th century, helmets with masks appeared that completely covered the warrior’s face. They were called faces because they usually had the shape of the face of a person or a mythical creature.
From the history of the creation of the painting Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov () is a Russian artist. He came from a family where several generations were priests. He studied at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. In his work he relied on the traditions of ancient Russian art. He created genre and lyrical paintings. He was the author of epic works on topics of Russian history, Russian epics and fairy tales. He also worked in the field of architecture. Among best works artist - “Bogatyrs”, “After the Massacre”, “Alyonushka”, “Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible”, paintings of the Vladimir Cathedral in Kyiv, the church in Abramtsevo. Before starting to create the famous painting “Bogatyrs,” he carefully studied epics and spent a long time collecting material that would allow him to truthfully portray the heroes. Looking at the picture, we see the living history of Rus'. Vasnetsov worked for about 20 years to create the canvas.
Bogatyrs in the painting by V. Vasnetsov The middle hero is Ilya Muromets. He is the eldest of the heroes. Ilya intensely peers into the distance: will the enemy appear somewhere? A forty-pound club hangs on his hand. In his other hand he has a shield and a spear. He is no longer young, but still very strong. His horse is heroic, black in color. The horse stands calmly and waits for an order. On the right hand of Ilya Muromets is Dobrynya Nikitich. He is from a richer family, and his shield is richer, and his chain mail is more expensive, and his gaze is intent and decisive. Under him White horse, his nostrils flare, apparently he senses the enemy and is ready to carry his rider. Alyosha Popovich is the youngest hero. He looks slyly and slyly. In his left hand he has a bow, and on his right hand there are vernal (sonorous) goslings. He is a warrior and a guslar. Cunning, brave, courageous. He knows how to sing songs and knows how to fight.
Kiev cycle of epics about Ilya Muromets Main character these epics are the peasant Ilya from Murom. Hence his nickname - Muromsky. Having acquired miraculous power from the wandering magi, he goes to serve Prince Vladimir in Kyiv, performing amazing feats for the glory of Rus'. In these epics you can see pictures of the life of Ancient Rus' (Kievan Rus), it was very difficult and full of dangers. The main feature of the epic heroes of this period is love for native land. They are distinguished not only by their incredible strength, nobility, and courage, but also by their desire to observe all established customs.
Painting by V. Vasnetsov “The fight of Dobrynya Nikitich with the seven-headed Serpent Gorynych” The battle of the hero with the Serpent is depicted briefly: Dobrynya hit the Serpent, knocked off all his “trunks” and made him promise not to fly to Rus' anymore. Returning to Kyiv, Dobrynya learned that the Serpent had again flown through Kyiv and carried away the niece of Prince Vladimir. The battle of the hero with the Snake is depicted briefly: Dobrynya hit the Snake, knocked off all his “trunks” and made him promise not to fly to Rus' anymore. Returning to Kyiv, Dobrynya learned that the Serpent had again flown through Kyiv and carried away the niece of Prince Vladimir. Dobrynya sets off on a long journey to the Serpent Caves. But, unlike the fairy-tale hero, who fights the monster for the sake of his personal interests (the liberation of the bride), he defends public interests in the struggle for the integrity of Rus' and its borders. In the epic, Dobrynya is presented as the liberator of the Russian land. The epic sings the glory of the hero, who freed not only Vladimir’s niece, but also many other prisoners languishing in the Snake’s dungeon. Dobrynya sets off on a long journey to the Serpent Caves. But, unlike the fairy-tale hero, who fights the monster for the sake of his personal interests (the liberation of the bride), he defends public interests in the struggle for the integrity of Rus' and its borders. In the epic, Dobrynya is presented as the liberator of the Russian land. The epic sings the glory of the hero, who freed not only Vladimir’s niece, but also many other prisoners languishing in the Snake’s dungeon.
40 Epics of the Novgorod cycle The life and way of life of ancient Novgorod was reflected in the cycle of Novgorod epics dedicated to Sadko and Vasily Buslaevich. The epic “Sadko” - “this,” according to the famous Russian revolutionary critic of the 19th century V. G. Belinsky, “is one of the pearls (pearls) of Russian folk poetry... It is the poetic apotheosis (glorification) of Novgorod as a trading community.” Novgorod was a rich merchant city; Novgorod residents themselves elected their rulers, unlike other cities in which the head of the city was appointed by the chief prince.
Memory of Ilya Muromets One of the highest waterfalls in Russia is named after Ilya Muromets. In the Kyiv area on the Dnieper there is Muromets Island - a landscape park and a favorite vacation spot for citizens. In 1913, the name of the hero was given to a bomber aircraft created by aircraft designer Igor Sikorsky. Armored car Ilya Muromets. "Ilya Muromets" Russian and Soviet icebreaking steamship built in 1915. In 1958, the cruise ship "Ilya Muromets" was put into operation. “Ilya Muromets” is a Soviet port icebreaker built in 1965. Two operas and a symphony have been written. A feature film and two cartoons were shot. There is a computer game. Control questions 1. Why was ancient Rus' called Kievan Rus? 2. Why did epics arise? 3. What two cycles are epics divided into? 4. Who was called the hero? 5. What are the most important heroes you know? 6. Why was Ilya called Muromets? 7. What important traits does Ilya Muromets have? 8. What weapons did the heroes use? 9. What enemies did the heroes fight with? 10. What differences exist between epics and fairy-tale characters? 11. What did Sadko do? 12. Why did people preserve the memory of the heroes of antiquity?
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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The epics have preserved for us sketches and narratives about the lives of seemingly fantastic people, but behind these slightly exaggerated characters there are sometimes real people, who once lived in ancient Rus' and won such honor that people began to compose legends about them. At the center of ancient Russian legends are, of course, heroes - heroes. The word bogatyr itself is interpreted as a demigod or endowed with the power of a god.
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Bogatyrs played a big role in the life of the people - they carried a psychological subtext about the invincibility of Rus', that there are people among us who will always protect their people from the Pechenegs and from the robber nightingale, and from any misfortune that befalls the Slavs. The first person everyone remembers when the word “hero” is mentioned is, of course, Ilya Muromets. This hero has absorbed traits often attributed to mythological heroes - this is a miraculous acquisition of strength.
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The most important epic in Ilya’s life is the battle with the robber nightingale. Disputes about who the nightingale was continue to this day: some say that he is a fictional hero, some that he is one of the warriors of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, others that he is a robber who lived in Murom itself and ruined the merchants who navigated their way through the dense Murom forests. From some time on, Ilya begins to serve in Kyiv, repeatedly saving him from the horde and other misfortunes, performing feats of incredible courage.
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Dobrynya Nikitich was a hero who lived at the same time as Ilya Muromets. Dobrynya himself came from Ryazan, but, like the previous hero, he served the then capital - Kyiv. The fate of this Russian hero begins with the victory over the Serpent Gorynych. On the instructions of the prince, he goes to a fierce battle with the snake, along the way he is overcome by small snakes, but Dobrynya carries out Vladimir’s order and rescues the imprisoned princes and maidens from the dragon caves. In ancient Rus', near Kyiv, he carries out many assignments and appears before us as a brave, wise warrior, moreover, he is the right hand of Ilya Muromets.
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Alyosha Popovich, judging by the epics, was from the glorious city of Rostov. Alyosha finds a stone in an open field on which three roads are indicated: to Murom, to Chernigov and to Kyiv, Alyosha Popovich appears in princely Kyiv, under Prince Vladimir. The most famous and, probably, central point of his biography is the fight with Tugarin. Tugarin, following from the legends, is a fictional character, so he is sometimes given the nickname Zmeevich and presented as a monster. Tugarin is a foreign invader, carried by servants on a golden board, who swallows the white swan whole. Alyosha Popovich always seems to be a young, brave and reckless warrior.
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Svyatogor is one of the most mysterious characters in the Russian epic. This is a giant with enormous strength, such that even great heroes do not dare to fight him. Svyatogor does not participate in any battles, and no feats have been recorded for him. It serves to amaze with its colossal strength and wisdom. In Svyatogor lies the deep philosophical meaning of the ancient Slavs, the veneration of the holy hero who simply exists
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Mikula Selyanovich did not stand next to Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitich in the same ranks of Kyiv heroes, but he was still one of them. Mikula Selyanovich is the pride of the Russian people. The bogatyr-plowman embodies the Russian spirit and suggests that an ordinary Russian farmer will give odds to any of the Kyiv bogatyrs.
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Volkh Vseslavyevich entered the Russian epic as a fantastic character. Initially, Volkh was born from a fantastic serpent; he grew unusually quickly and within an hour and a half after birth, damask armor was put on him. Volkh Vseslaevich quickly mastered various sciences and magic. Volkh was considered a sorcerer, he was a pagan priest and, of course, a warrior. He is the hero of the famous “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” He goes to war in India and wins victory with the help of his witchcraft abilities; he turns into a wolf or an ermine. Despite his fame, Volkh Vseslavyevich is not a historical character.
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But, unlike Volkh, researchers believe that the Danube Ivanovich is historically real. The story of Danube begins with the duel that he has with Dobrynya Nikitich. Ilya Muromets separates them and, following the epics, all three fraternize. The Danube is part of the Kyiv heroism. Then he looks for a bride for Prince Vladimir and, as a result of a battle with the Prince of Lithuania, kidnaps his daughter Apraxia, whom he takes as a bride to the prince. An interesting story is the Danube and the hero Nastasya, who adhered to the principles: whoever defeats her will become her betrothed. Of course, Danube defeats Nastasya. Then, at his own wedding, as a result of a crazy argument, Danube shoots with a bow at the ring that is on his wife’s head, misses and kills his betrothed, unable to bear the grief, Danube Ivanovich kills himself.
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Vasily Buslaev is a hero from Novgorod. He is a rebel, a drunkard. He inherited his heroic strength from his father, but he does not use it like glorious warriors who directed their strength towards a just cause. Vaska leads a wild life, recruiting a squad of those who could drink a bucket and a half of wine or withstand a blow to the head with a club. Vasily Buslaev's squad does not fight invaders and monsters; his friends drink, fight in taverns and fight on the Volkhov Bridge. Where Vaska is there is always fun and tragedy. He dies on the way back after a pilgrimage to Jerusalem due to his reckless nature: he killed himself on a stone, which inscription warned that one should not jump over it.
Tatiana Zorina
Presentation “Bogatyrs of the Russian Land”
At the morning circle before the holiday on February 23, the boys had a dispute about which of them looked more like a hero and who is a hero in general?. She invited the children to get acquainted with the painting by Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov « Bogatyrs» ;
I found it on the Internet and read passages about epic stories to the children. heroes: "Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber", "Dobrynya Nikitich and Zmey Gorynych", "Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmey". Looked cartoons: "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven heroes» , "The Tale of Tsar Saltan and his glorious son Tsar Guidon". Prepared presentation.
I hope our experience will be useful to someone.
« Bogatyrs of the Russian Land»
Tasks:
Foster patriotism and pride in one’s homeland
To form children's ideas about the heroic past Russian people of Ancient Rus', great Russian heroes - defenders of the Russian land;
Fix the names of the costume elements Russian hero(chainmail, helmet, boots, aventail, names of weapons Russian warrior;
Cultivate interest in Russian history; develop a sense of pride in Russia's heroic strength, respect for Russian soldiers, the desire to imitate them;
Learn to answer questions coherently and consistently, describe appearance heroes, use synonyms in speech;
To introduce children to verbal art through the development of artistic perception and aesthetic taste.
Continue to form children’s initial ideas about healthy way life;
Vocabulary work: Rus', Russians, Slavs, heroes, epics; armor - clothing heroes(chainmail, shield, helmet, aventail); weapon heroes(spear, sword, bow and arrow, mace); outpost.
Publications on the topic:
"Bogatyrs of the Russian Land." Musical entertainment for the middle group Bogatyrs of the Russian land. Goal: Education of moral and patriotic feelings for the Motherland, for cultural heritage ancestors Tasks: * Consolidation.
Summary of the lesson “Bogatyrs of the Russian Land” Theme “Heroes of the Russian Land” (a journey to the land of knowledge) Objectives: to form an idea of the heroic past of the Ancient Russian people.
Every year our kindergarten hosts exhibitions dedicated to Defenders of the Fatherland Day. This time I decided to approach it in an unusual way.
“Heroes of the Russian Land” (theatrical performance based on epics) Purpose: To introduce children to the Russian epic. Bringing the spirit to children.
Moral and patriotic education of children is one of the important tasks of our kindergarten. The feeling of love for the Motherland does not arise on its own.
Summary of entertainment in the senior group “Heroes of the Russian Land!” Municipal budget preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 4 “Sun” Summary of entertainment in senior group“Bogatyrs.
Open lesson in the senior group “Heroes of the Russian Land” Municipal Budgetary Preschool General Educational Institution Kindergarten No. 2 “Firefly” in the village of Bada. Open class in high school.
· To form an idea of the heroic past of the Russian people of Ancient Rus', the great Russian heroes - defenders of the Russian land.
· Arouse interest in the language of epics, tales, songs, legends about Russian heroes.
· To instill in children pride in their ancestors, to make them feel involved in the history of our great people
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Heroes of the Russian Land Performed by Tatyana Nikolaevna Tarasova, teacher of the MDOU IRMO “Markovsky kindergarten of a combined type”
Bogatyrs are heroes of Russian epics who performed feats in the name of the Motherland, people of immeasurable strength, courage, perseverance, endowed with extraordinary intelligence and ingenuity. Behind the name of each of the epic heroes there is a specific person who lived once upon a time in Rus', and who accomplished his feats only in the epics their characters are embellished by the people. A storyteller walked from village to village and spoke in a sing-song voice (like a song) about heroic heroes and their exploits. He talked about how it happened. About the deeds and victories of the heroes, about how they overcame evil enemies, defended their land, showed their bravery, courage, ingenuity, and kindness. This is how the epic was composed. Among the Russian people, epic stories about mighty heroes have been passed down from mouth to mouth for many centuries, from grandfather to grandson. The epics reflected the life of the Russian people, which was very difficult in Rus'. Almost every epic mentions Kyiv, Rus', Russian land, Motherland, Russia - what beautiful and mysterious words. Rus. A very short word. It came to us from hoary antiquity and remained with us forever.
Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich
Alyosha Popovich Alyosha Popovich is the son of the Rostov priest Leonty, the hero of epics. Alyosha did not learn to read and write, did not sit down to read books, but learned from an early age to wield a spear, shoot a bow, and tame heroic horses. Alyosha is not a great hero in strength, but he has audacity and cunning, brave prowess, resourcefulness and heroic courage, hot temper, and boastfulness. Alyosha is cheerful, mocking and sharp-tongued. He often defeats his enemies not by force, but by military cunning: he pretends to be deaf and forces the enemy to come closer, under some pretext he forces the enemy to turn around, etc.
Dobrynya Nikitich There lived a widow, Mamelfa Timofeevna, near Kiev. She had a beloved son, the hero Dobrynyushka. Throughout Kyiv, fame spread about Dobrynya: he was stately, and tall, and learned to read and write, and was brave in battle, and cheerful at the feast. He will compose a song, play the harp, and say a clever word. And Dobrynya’s disposition is calm and affectionate. He will not scold anyone, he will not offend anyone in vain. No wonder he was nicknamed “quiet Dobrynyushka”. Dobrynya Nikitich became famous for defeating the Fiery Serpent in a difficult battle, freeing many people from captivity and among them the niece of Prince Vladimir Zabava Putyatichna.
Ilya Muromets Ilya Muromets is the most popular hero of epics, a mighty hero. His homeland is the city of Murom, the village of Karacharovo. The peasant son, the sick Ilya, “sat sitting on the stove for 30 years and three years.” One day, wanderers came to the house, “walking kaliki.” They healed Ilya, giving him heroic strength. From now on, he is a hero who is destined to serve the city of Kyiv and Prince Vladimir. In the epics, Ilya Muromets stood at the head of the squad. The authors of epics emphasize in him strength, courage, reliability, justice, and peacefulness. He is a man of confident strength, experience and worldly wisdom. Memory of Ilya, people's love it still remains to this day. Monuments have been erected to him. They call him by his name military equipment and etc.
Monument to Ilya Muromets in Murom and Vladivostok
Bomber Tu-160 "Ilya Muromets"
Svyatogor Svyatogor is a Russian hero of enormous stature and incredible strength. This is what the epics say about him. The Holy Mountains are high in Rus', their gorges are deep, their abysses are terrible. Neither birch, nor oak, nor aspen, nor green grass grow there. Even a wolf cannot run there, and an eagle cannot fly there. Only Svyatogor rides between the cliffs on a mighty horse. The hero is taller than a dark forest, props up the clouds with his head, gallops through the mountains - the mountains shake under him, runs into a river - water splashes out of the river. Mother Earth could not wear it. The horse sank knee-deep under Svyatogor. Only the mountains could hold him, and that’s where he lived. The successor, heir to his power is Ilya Muromets.
Nikita Kozhemyaka The hero Nikita Kozhemyaka lived in the city of Kyiv in Kozhevennaya Sloboda. And they called him Kozhemyakoy because he crushed and kneaded ox skins so that they could be used to make clothes, shoes, and military equipment. His strength was enormous. He will start to heat the stove, the smoke will spread under the clouds, he will go out to the Dnieper to wet the ox skins - not just one, but twelve at once. Nikita accomplished such a feat: he liberated the Russian land from the Serpent Gorynych.
Volga Svyatoslavich VOLGA SVYATOSLAVICH (Volkh Vseslavyevich) hero, character in Russian epics. Volga's main distinguishing features are cunning, the ability to shapeshift, and the ability to understand the language of birds and animals. Prince Volga is of extraordinary origin. He is the son of the princess and Zmey Gorynych. He inherited magical abilities from his father, “he wanted a lot of wisdom.” Volga uses these opportunities for good deeds.
Mikula Selyaninovich Mikula Selyaninovich is a favorite folk hero, a plowman-hero. No one can compare with him in strength or power. Even Svyatogor, the strongest and oldest of all the heroes, could not lift the bag with earthly traction (force), which Mikula Selyaninovich carelessly dropped. “Fighting is easier than plowing, and a plowman is stronger than a warrior,” the epic teaches about Volga and Mikula. It elevates agricultural labor over any labor, even military labor: “Rus' feeds itself on the village people.”
And strong, mighty heroes in glorious Rus'! Don't allow enemies to gallop across our Earth! Do not trample their horses on the Russian Land. Do not eclipse our red sun for them! Rus' stands a century - it does not waver! And it will stand for centuries without moving! But we must not forget the legends of antiquity. Glory to Russian antiquity! Glory to the Russian side
Literary reading lesson on the topic
"Bogatyrs of the Russian Land."
Lesson objectives:
1. Educational:
Ensure understanding of the concept of “hero”
Improve expressive reading skills
Continue familiarization with the concepts of “heroic tale”, “epic”, “proverb”,
Identify the signs of an epic, a heroic tale
Continue developing the ability to find “key” words in the text
Begin to develop the ability to analyze works of artists
Check the level of mastery of the concept “hero”
2. Educators:
Establish psychological and emotional contact with children
Education of moral qualities, like partnership, mutual assistance
Cultivate interest in the history of our Motherland.
3. Educational:
Create a problematic situation in the lesson; use interdisciplinary connections (Russian language, history, music, physical education)
Organize in class independent work with text
Develop children's speech
During the classes
1. Organization of children.
(Music sounds)
– We have gathered today for a good and coherent conversation. So that we have peace and harmony. I also want to wish you to help me in the conversation, listen to me carefully, and everything you hear may be useful to you. We need to set off on a journey - a little path, but first we need to find the key word that the raven hid in this proverb.
(The proverb “Glorious for its heroes is the Russian land” is written on the board).
2. Formation of the lesson topic.
– Look at the proverb and determine who it says about?(ABOUT heroes)
– It is about the heroes that we will talk today.
How high is the height of heaven,
How deep is the depth of the ocean - the sea,
Russian rivers are swift and bright.
And strong, mighty,
Bogatyrs in glorious Rus'.
3. Discovery of new knowledge.
– And the path of every hero begins with a stone at a crossroads (slide -2)
– How many roads do we see?(Three)
“And we will set off, you and I, along the first road to the world.” Literary reading" And our path lies through many questions that need to be answered thoughtfully and not afraid.
– The first question is that without an answer we cannot continue our path.
- Who are these heroes?(Children's answers)
Bogatyr
- a hero of Russian epics, performing feats in the name of the Motherland. (slide-3)
A) (figurative) A man of immeasurable strength, resilience, courage. Unusual man
– Select, glory, characterizing the hero on these issues.
Who?
Human
Which?
strong, etc
.
What is he doing?
protects the Motherland
complete the task:Cross out the extra word
Strongman,lazy person , warrior, protector,fool , knight
– Who knows the meaning of the word knight?
Mighty knights are heroes endowed by God with an extraordinary mind and ingenuity.
(slide-4)
B) – Remember, guys, the names of Russian heroes (children list (slide 5-7)
B) Teacher's story. (slide-8)
Yes, kids, the heroes of epics, their feats of arms remain in the memory long after reading them. Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich, Sadko, Vasily Buslaevich - these Russian heroes are sung in fairy tales and songs by artists and poets.
Epics are folk songs. They were created to be performed at holidays and feasts. They performed them special people- storytellers who chanted epics from memory and accompanied themselves on the harp.
The epics got their name from the word “byl”, that is, they sing about what actually happened. But, as in any genre of oral folk art, the epic was retold by each singer in his own way: one place was told in more detail, supplemented with new details, another was shortened.
In the North of Rus', epics were called antiquities. Bylinas, antiquities - these are words denoting what once happened in ancient times and remained in the memory of the people.
The epics arose during the times of Kievan Rus, when our land was attacked by numerous enemies: Mongol-Tatars, Polovtsians, Pechenegs.
In epics you can learn not only about the exploits and battles of Russian heroes, but also about the lives of people in those days: where they lived, how they dressed, with whom they traded, what trades they had, how they worked.
Listening to the epic now, try to imagine yourself in ancient Kyiv or Novgorod, try to imagine the life of these ancient cities, fights, feasts. Observe the language of epics: ancient words, they are called archaisms, respectful dialogues when meeting heroes, words with diminutive suffixes, stable expressions in epics.
4. Working with text. (slide 10-11)
And now we will read the epic “Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor”.
While reading, highlight words you don't understand.(reading an excerpt from an epic)
– What words were unclear while reading? (Analysis of unclear words).
- Work with text.
– How does a heroic tale differ from an epic?(The fairy tale is written in prose, and the epic is in verse. In the fairy tale there are fairy-tale signs, magical events occur. In the epics there are many archaisms, there are words with double vowels.)
5. Physical education minute. (slide 12)
– The tale is told quickly, but the deed is not done quickly. As I look at you and see that you worked well, and it didn’t hurt to rest (children perform exercises to the music)
They stood up together - one, two, three -
We are now heroes.
We'll put our palms to our eyes,
Let's spread our strong legs.
Turning to the right
Let's look around majestically.
And you need to go left too
Look from under your palms.
Leaned left, right
It turns out great!
Proverbs about courage and bravery (slide 13)
6. Work based on the painting by V. Vasnetsov “Bogatyrs”. (slide 14)
– We had a great time. It's time to go down a different path, along the road of “painting”.
- Look at this picture. Who knows what it is called, who wrote it and in the museum, what city it is located in? (Children's answer options)
– I prepared the message more accurately (Juliana)
“The heroes rode tirelessly on powerful horses, in heroic equipment, and armed, to defend the Russian land.
- And who knows what the armor and weapons of heroes are called? (Helmet, chain mail), (sword, spear, mace, bow with arrows in the quiver)
There is a good saying: “It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times.”
– So we'll see what it all looked like.
7.Work in groups.
Group 1 - draws a hero;
Group 2 - armor and weapons;
3 group - women's clothing in Rus';
Group 4 - cover to the epic"Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor."
Summary by group.
8. Lesson summary
– What do you think - “Are there heroes in our time”?
- Who are they?
- So, a hero is not necessarily a strongman. A person with great willpower is also a hero.
– Can you become heroes?
– Look at our waystone. Have all roads been traveled?(No)
– And the last road is your path and how you go through it is up to you to choose!
Let's read the testament of the heroes to us, their descendants. (slide 15)
9. Homework.
