Games to develop memory for children 4-5 years old
Game "Camera".
Target: develop associative thinking, voluntary attention, memory, speech.
: lotto cards or any other pictures.
Description: Show the child the card for 5 seconds. Then remove it and ask them to remember what was depicted on it. If the child finds it difficult to answer, ask him a leading question: how much, what color, etc.
Game "Find the differences".
Target: develop the ability to compare memorized objects, find similarities and differences in them.
story cards.
Description: Show the child the card for 2-3 minutes. Then offer him a second card, on which some objects or actions are missing or replaced with others. The child must determine what has changed.
Game "Magpie-white-sided".
Target: develop concentration and memory.
Game material and visual aids: 5-6 small items (toys).
Description: arrange objects (toys) on the table. Invite the child to look carefully at the table, remember what objects are on it, and then ask the child to turn away. Remove or replace one or more items. The child must determine what the magpie stole and what it replaced.
Game "Sleuths".
Target: develop associative thinking, memory.
Description: it is necessary to choose one child who will play the role of a “robber”, the rest - “detectives”. Tell some story with the children, from which it follows that the “robber” must now hide from the “detectives” and for this he needs to disguise himself. During the story, the “detectives” carefully examine the “robber,” who then goes off to disguise himself, and upon returning to the room they must find changes in his appearance.
Game "Describe the object."
Target: teach to remember the signs and properties of an object.
Game material and visual aids: objects familiar to the child (person, car, food, etc.).
Description: Children, under the guidance of a teacher, choose a familiar object. The teacher suggests remembering as many distinctive features and properties of this object as possible and naming one feature at a time. The loser is the one who cannot remember anything about the item when it is his turn.
Game “Repeat the ornament”.
Target: promote the development of concentration and memory.
Game material and visual aids: beads, buttons, counting sticks (12 pieces each).
Description: The teacher gives the child half of the playing material, takes the remaining half for himself, lays out an arbitrary composition of beads, then shows it to the child for 1-2 seconds. He must arrange exactly the same composition from his beads from memory. Then you can switch roles. To create the following compositions, you can add counting sticks and buttons to the beads.
Game “Remember - Draw.”
Goals: teach conscious perception; develop concentration of attention on a memorized object.
Game material and visual aids: a piece of paper, pencils, cardboard with images of objects.
Description: stick six pictures on cardboard in two rows: three on top, three on bottom. The pictures should show the simplest objects: an apple, a scarf, a flag, a button, a needle, a Christmas tree, a birch leaf. Show your child the top row for one minute. The child must sketch what he saw and remembered. Then show the same bottom row of pictures and again ask the child to sketch everything that he remembers. Open all the pictures at the same time and compare how well the child’s drawings match the image.
Game “What is she like?”
Target: promote the development of visual and auditory memory.
Description: name an object and invite the child to imagine what this object looks like, what shape, color it is, what sounds it can make, etc. Then ask him to describe everything that he imagined. For example: an egg is oval, white or brown, with spots, raw or boiled, white and yellow inside. Then you can not only talk about the characteristics of the object, but also sketch it.
Game "Illogical Associations".
Target: develop associative thinking.
Game material and visual aids: cards with a picture of an object.
Description: It is necessary to tell the child several words related to each other. For example: plate, soap, flower, street. It is better if the child has cards with images of these objects in front of him. Try with your child to find associations that would connect these words. Find a suitable picture for each association. Give space to the child’s imagination, do not limit them to logical associations. The result should be a short story.
Games for developing attention in middle preschool children
Game "Who Lives Where".
Target: develop visual attention and memory.
Game material and visual aids: drawings with images of families of different animals and their houses, with drawn lines connecting the animals with their houses, which are given in a chaotic order.
Description: you need to determine where whose house is without drawing a pencil along the lines.
Game "Clap Your Hands".
Goals: develop stability and switching of attention, cognitive activity of the child; expand your horizons.
Description: The teacher calls the child different words; if he hears a word that means, for example, an animal, he must clap his hands. Another time, suggest that the child stand up every time he hears a word for a plant. Then combine the first and second task, that is, the child claps his hands when he hears words denoting animals, and stands up when pronouncing words denoting plants. It's good to play these games with several children.
Game "Cross out all the letters K."
Target: develop stability, distribution and switching of attention.
Game material and visual aids: small text (from a newspaper or magazine), pen.
Description: Invite the child to carefully look at the letters in the text and cross out all the letters “k”. Record the time and number of errors. The task can be made more difficult by asking the child to cross out all the letters “w” and underline all the letters “u”.
Game "Change appearance".
Target: develop observation skills.
Description: several people play, everyone stands in one line, the leader names one child and asks him to remember appearance each participant in the game. This will take 1-2 minutes. Then the child turns away, the remaining participants in the game make minor changes to their costumes or hairstyles. Turning to the players, the driver must name the changes that he was able to notice.
Game "True or False".
Target: develop attention and memory.
Description: the teacher pronounces different phrases - true and false. If the phrase is correct, the children clap, if not, then they stomp. For example:
In winter, daisies always bloom. (Children stomp.)
Ice is frozen water. (Children clap.)
Hares have red fur. (Children stomp.)
There is no need to wash your hands before eating. (Children stomp.)
It always snows in winter. (Children clap and stomp.)
Game "Little Beetle".
Target: develop attention and spatial thinking.
Game material and visual aids: playing field, lined with 16 cells; buttons.
Description: the teacher invites the child to help the “beetle” (button) get to the other end of the field, while warning that the “beetle” crawls only in zigzags. The teacher marks a short segment of the “bug’s” path: “One cell forward, two to the right, one to the left.” The child must listen carefully, remember and follow this path with a “bug” across the playing field. When the child learns to remember all the moves of the beetle, you can move on to a more complex task by asking the child to make the moves mentally and place the beetle on the desired square.
Game “Follow the pattern”.
Target: develop concentration.
Game material and visual aids: checkered sheet with a pattern of squares, circles, triangles.
Description: The child continues the sample pattern (circle, square, triangle, dot, etc.) on the sheet.
Games for the development of thinking in preschool children 4-5 years old
Game "Yes-no-ka".
Goals: learn to ask questions, find criteria for classifying objects in the surrounding world; develop listening skills and being attentive.
Description: the teacher thinks of a word or tells a story, and the children must guess the word or explain the situation by asking the same questions, to which one of the answers can be given: “yes” or “no.”
Game "Visual yes-no-ki".
Goals: teach to analyze; develop thinking.
Game material and visual aids: cards with images of objects (animals) or small toys.
Description: lay out toys or pictures (no more than 10) on the table, give the child a little time to look at them. Then ask: “What object did I wish for?” The child uses leading questions (Is he lying on the right half of the table? Below? Is he yellow color? Is it heavy? Is it round?) identifies the hidden object (picture). To begin with, it is better for the teacher to act as the questioner. This way the child will understand the game script faster.
Game "Treasure Chest".
Target: develop imagination, analysis skills.
Game material and visual aids: box (bag); any edible (inedible) thing that fits in a box (bag).
Description: Invite your child to guess what's inside using ten questions.
Game "Who was who?"
Target: develop attention and imagination.
Description: the child must name the state that preceded what the teacher calls him.
For example:
Who was the old man? (As a boy.)
What was the tree? (Rostkom.)
What was Pinocchio? (With logs.)
Game "Outside - Inside".
Target: learn to correlate the concepts of “big” - “small”, “inside” - “outside”.
Description: name a couple of objects to the child and ask him to say what can be inside and what can be outside. For example: house - pillow, cutlet - pan, heart - cat, fish - river, sugar - tea, etc. Then change roles - let the child name a couple of words.
Game "I - you".
Target: develop logical thinking, speed of reaction.
Description: the child must quickly understand what the opponent is talking about and answer him in the same way. For example, the teacher says: “I am a rainbow!” The child must answer: “I am the sun!” The teacher continues: “I am the sky.” The child answers: “I am an airplane.” Etc. (The game is suitable for individual lessons with a child and for playing in a small children's group.)
Game "Third Man".
Target: learn to classify objects according to the criteria specified in the conditions.
Description: the teacher names three words, for example: “dog”, “cat”, “fish”. The child must determine: all three words refer to the designations of wildlife, but “dog” and “cat” designate animals, but “fish” does not. This means that the word fish is “superfluous”. Examples of words: birch, pine, rose; soap, shampoo, toothbrush; milk, kefir, tea.
Game "Guess by description."
Goals: develop speech (ability to coordinate adjectives and nouns); consolidate knowledge about concepts that unite certain objects or creatures.
Description: Prepare riddle sentences in advance that children must answer.
For example:
A beautiful insect with colorful wings, loves to fly, feeds on nectar. (Butterfly.)
The transport is long, consists of several parts, and runs on iron rails. (Train.)
Wild animal, lives in the forest, howls at the moon. (Wolf.)
A wild animal with red fur always deceives in fairy tales. (Fox.)
Fruit with yellow skin. (Lemon.)
The game “What comes first, what comes next.”
Target: learn to arrange pictures in order of plot development.
Game material and visual aids: sets of pictures (for example, from N. Radlov’s book “Stories in Pictures”).
Description: the teacher takes out the pictures and shows them to the children, then says that if you put them in order, you will get interesting story, and in order to put it correctly, you need to guess what happened first, what happened next and how it all ended. After laying out the pictures, the teacher asks the children to peel back the cards glued to them on top. If the pictures are positioned correctly, then on top of the cards you can see a correctly diverging arrow. If the arrow turns out to be incorrect, it means that the pictures are located incorrectly, you need to correct the work. After completing the task, you can invite the children to retell the story they received.
Games for speech development in preschool children 4-5 years old
Game "What is he like?"
Target: learn to actively describe the characteristics of objects.
Description: invite the child to bring everything square that he finds in the room. For example: a book, a box, a cube, etc. Ask him to describe all objects that are united by one characteristic - square. Let your child find and explain the similarities and differences of objects, as well as their purpose.
Game "What do you hear?"
Target: develop hearing, the ability to recognize speech and non-speech sounds.
Game material and visual aids: musical instruments (pipes, drum, rattles, tambourine), foil, paper, book.
Description: the teacher sits the child on a chair with his back to himself: he should not see, only hear, and then determine what was played or what was used to produce the sound. It is advisable to start with something simple - with musical instruments, and then move on to something else: paper, foil, turning pages in a book. You can make the task more difficult by moving around the room and making a sound to the right or left of the child. Then switch roles. When answering, you can deliberately make a mistake and see if the child corrects the mistake. Ask him to repeat the sound.
The game "Who speaks how."
Target: train phonetic memory (perceive, pronounce, distinguish sounds).
Description: invite the child to show how a cow talks, how her baby talks, how their voices differ. The child not only learns to distinguish voices based on several characteristics, but also tries to analyze the difference between sounds.
Game "Pictures-riddles".
Target: learn to distinguish between the main and the secondary; strengthen the skills of describing objects.
Game material and visual aids: cards with images of various objects.
Description: The driver is selected. He takes one of the cards out of the bag and begins to describe what is depicted on it. Players offer their answers. The next driver is the one who answered correctly first.
Game "Steps".
Target: contribute to the expansion of vocabulary and speech development.
Description: two teams line up opposite each other. A separate strip should be drawn between them.
The theme of the game is set. You can use the themes given in the previous game, and also name words, syllables, a specific letter or sound. The step can be taken by calling the right word. The team that reaches the dividing line first wins.
Game "Prepositions".
Target: strengthen preposition skills.
Game material and visual aids: disposable cardboard plate, cube.
Description: draw the plate into sectors. In each sector, write the prepositions “on”, “in”, “under”, “above”, “with”, “for”, “in front”, “to”, etc. The child throws the cube onto the plate. The sector in which the cube lands becomes playable. With the pretext of the gaming sector, the child must come up with a sentence. Keep it simple at first.
Game "Similar words".
Goals: help to study synonyms, different meanings of the same word; learn to choose the most accurate words to describe a certain subject, avoid repetition.
Description: Explain to the child that one and the same thing can be said in different words:
Our kitten is cheerful. (Funny, funny, amusing, comical.)
The weather outside today is sad. (Sad, joyless.)
The hare is cowardly, what else can you call it? (Tearful, timid, fearful.)
The hare runs away from the fox. How else can you say it? (He runs away, rushes, flees, flies at full speed, takes off his feet.)
Word game.
Target: Expand words knowledge.
Description: invite the child to name as many words as possible for toys, vegetables, trees, flowers, wild pets, birds, tools, furniture, professions.
Game "The meaning of the word."
Target: learn to clearly express a thought, indicating the main type of use of an object, describing its characteristics.
Description: invite the child to explain how he understands the meaning of the words “bicycle”, “knife”, “hat”, “ball”, “letter”, “umbrella”, “pillow”, “nail”, “donkey”, “fur”, “diamond”, “connect”, “shovel”, “sword”, “trouble”, “brave”, “hero”, “poem”, etc.
Literacy games for children 4-5 years old
Playing with pictures in a book or magazine.
Goals: consolidate knowledge of the alphabet; teach word formation; develop attention and concentration.
Game material and visual aids: picture book ( children's magazine), pencil.
Description: Together with the child, choose any letter, say it several times, remember what words he knows for this letter. Then invite the child to find and circle this letter across the entire book page. After this, together with the child, count the number of letters found.
Game "Who Lives Here?"
Goals: teach children to form words from the given letters; develop reading skill.
Description: Together with your child, draw a house or a train with trailers, a rocket or a ship, an airplane on thick cardboard. Insert cards with letters into the window. The child must guess what words live in this house. Example:
A, L, I, S, E, O - fox, forest, donkey.
K, I, N, O, T, S, L - cat, whale, elephant, movie.
Game "Slogomyach".
Target: develop the skill of dividing words into syllables, quick thinking.
Game material and visual aids: ball.
Description: one player names a syllable, and the other must add an ending to this syllable so that it becomes a word. For example, you can add “rowa” to the syllable “ko” - you get “cow”; you can add “sa” to “li” - you get “fox”. It is important that children follow the rule: divide words into syllables correctly and pronounce them as they are written: “ko-ro-va”, but not “ka-ro-va”.
Game "Book Detective".
Goals: learn to correlate letters with specific pictures; develop quick thinking.
Game material and visual aids: books with illustrations.
Description: think of a letter and give the child a task - find a picture in the book for this letter. If several children are playing, introduce an element of competition: the one who finds the larger number the necessary pictures. You can complicate the game by wishing for some object depicted in the book and warning the child that the intended word, for example, contains two letters “o”. (Cow.)
Game "Sleuths".
Goals: consolidate knowledge of the alphabet; develop the ability to correlate abstract letters with the letters that make up a word.
Game material and visual aids: cards with letters.
Description: Place cards with letters on different objects. The child must find all the cards and check whether they are laid out correctly, that is, whether the letter on the card corresponds to the letter with which the name of this item begins. For example, a card with the letter “k” lies on the sofa - this is wrong, it should hang, for example, on a picture. You can complicate the game by replacing cards with letters with cards with syllables.
Game "Following".
Target: develop reading skills (introduce the arrangement of words in the text, teach reading with intonation).
Description: The teacher and the child, sitting at the table, read a book. The teacher reads, and the child lags behind a little, repeating everything that the teacher reads. The child not only hears the text, but also sees it. It doesn’t matter that he doesn’t really read, he sees what words and sentences are made of, what punctuation marks accompany the text. He remembers the spelling of words, can recognize the simplest ones, and learns to respond to punctuation marks. The child ceases to be afraid of long words and sentences and tries to pronounce them correctly.
Game "Illustrator".
Goals: learn how to handle a book; instill a love for books; develop narrative speech, imagination, logic.
Description: read a poem to your child or short story. Then offer to complete the task - match the pictures to the read text from other books. After this, ask him to retell the plot (short plot) of the work, based on the drawings he has selected.
Games for the mathematical development of middle preschool children
Game "Correct Score".
Goals: help in mastering the order of numbers in the natural series; strengthen forward and backward counting skills.
Game material and visual aids: ball.
Description: children stand in a circle. Before starting, they agree in what order (direct or reverse) they will count. Then they throw the ball and call the number. The one who caught the ball continues the count by throwing the ball to the next player.
Game "Who's Where".
Target: learn to distinguish the position of objects in space (in front, behind, between, in the middle, on the right, on the left, below, above).
Game material and visual aids: toys.
Description: arrange the toys in different places rooms. Ask the child which toy is in front, behind, next to, far, etc. Ask what is on top, what is below, on the right, on the left, etc.
Game "A lot and a little."
Target: help to understand the concepts of “many”, “few”, “one”, “several”, “more”, “less”, “equally”.
Description: ask the child to name single objects or objects that are many (few). For example: there are many chairs, one table, many books, few animals. Place cards of different colors in front of the child. Let there be 9 green cards and 5 red cards. Ask which cards are more and which are fewer. Add 4 more red cards. What can we say now?
Game "Guess the number."
Goals: help prepare children for basic mathematical operations of addition and subtraction; help consolidate the skills of determining the previous and subsequent numbers within the first ten.
Description: ask, for example, which number is greater than three but less than five; what number is less than three but greater than one, etc. Think of, for example, a number within ten and ask the child to guess it. The child names different numbers, and the teacher says whether the number named is greater or less than the intended one. Then you can switch roles with your child.
Game "Counting Mosaic".
Goals: introduce numbers; learn to match quantities with numbers.
Game material and visual aids: counting sticks.
Description: Together with your child, make up numbers or letters using counting sticks. Invite the child to place the corresponding number of counting sticks next to the given number.
Game "Dot Traveler".
Goals: introduce the basics of writing numbers; develop fine motor skills.
Game material and visual aids: checkered notebook, pen.
Description: The teacher sits down at the table, puts the notebook down correctly, and shows the child how to hold a pen correctly. Offers to play dot-traveler. To do this, you need to invite the child to put a dot on the right top corner cells, then in the fourth cell of the left corner at the bottom of the notebook, etc.
Game "Reading and counting".
Goals: help to understand the concepts of “many”, “little”, “one”, several”, “more”, “less”, “equally”, “as much”, “as much”; develop the ability to compare objects by size.
Game material and visual aids: counting sticks.
Description: When reading a book to a child, ask him to put aside as many counting sticks as, for example, there were animals in the fairy tale. After counting how many animals there are in the fairy tale, ask who there were more, who were fewer, and who were the same. Compare toys by size: who is bigger - a bunny or a bear? Who is smaller? Who is the same height?
Games to study the plant world for children 4-5 years old
Game "How do trees live?"
Goals: develop speech; help in studying flora.
Game material and visual aids: cards with images of trees in different seasons (summer - a green tree, autumn - a tree with yellow leaves, winter - a tree without leaves, spring - a tree with swollen buds).
Description: find out what time of year it is now. What the trees look like, what kind of leaves they have. Ask your child if he knows what happens to trees in autumn, spring, winter? Look at the pictures. Tell the child that the change of seasons affects the state of plants (in winter all plants fall asleep, in spring they awaken, in autumn they prepare for sleep, etc.).
Game “Where is whose leaf?”
Goals: develop the ability to classify objects by characteristics, memory, attention; help in studying the plant world.
Game material and visual aids: cards with images of trees (oak, maple), leaves of these trees, cut out of paper or real.
Description: Mix the leaves. Tell your child a fairy tale about how an evil wind tore all the leaves from the trees and mixed them up. They feel cold lying on the ground and want to go back to their trees. We need to help the leaves find their mother (father) - the tree. Invite your child to put the leaves near the corresponding tree. In the first lessons, choose leaves of a memorable shape (maple, oak, rowan). As you study trees, increase the number of varieties of leaves and trees. Select leaves of different trees that are similar in shape, carefully examine them, finding differences.
Game "Orchard".
Goals: develop speech, classification skills; introduce you to the plant world.
Game material and visual aids: dummies of fruits and vegetables; cards with images of fruit trees.
Description: Place fruits and vegetables in front of the child. Explain that the doll wanted to make compote, but the fruits were mixed with vegetables, and she couldn’t choose them because she didn’t know how they differed from each other. After the weight differences are identified, invite the child to separate fruits from vegetables. Ask if the child knows where fruits grow. Look at the fruit trees shown in the pictures. Cut an apple or orange and show your child the seeds hidden in them. To summarize: Fruits grow on trees. Trees are called fruit trees. Specially planted, such trees form an orchard. You can talk about what is prepared from fruits and what dishes they are added to.
Game "Indoor Flowers".
Goals: develop the skill of independence; introduce you to the plant world.
Description: if there houseplants, invite the child to look after them. Give him a watering can, teach him how to loosen the soil, and wipe the leaves of plants with a damp sponge. Tell us that the plants have come a long way before reaching the windowsill. After all, many of them came to us from distant countries - India, Mexico, Africa, etc. If the child expresses a desire, find these countries on the world map. Continuing the story, explain that the weather conditions of those countries are different from ours, therefore each flower requires special care: sun or shade, a lot or little water, heat or coolness. When offering to water this or that plant, note: “To water this flower, you need to put very little water in the watering can, but this one likes to drink a lot, so please try to get a lot of water.” Explain to the child why the holes are made in the pots, why the soil needs to be loosened, why the dust should be wiped off the leaves, etc.
Salybaeva Angela Ramazanovna,
teacher,
MBDOU TsRR d/s "Tanyusha"
Surgut district, Fedorovsky village
Leading children's activities preschool age is a play activity. A didactic game is a verbose, complex, pedagogical phenomenon: it is both a gaming method of teaching preschool children, and a form of teaching children, and With independent play activity, and a means of comprehensive education of the child.
Didactic games promote:
- development of cognitive and mental abilities: obtaining new knowledge, generalizing and consolidating it, expanding their existing ideas about objects and natural phenomena, plants, animals; development of memory, attention, observation; developing the ability to express one’s judgments and draw conclusions.
- development of children's speech: replenishment and activation of vocabulary.
- social and moral development of a preschool child: in such a game there is a cognition of the relationships between children, adults, living and inanimate nature, in it the child shows a sensitive attitude towards peers, learns to be fair, to give in if necessary, learns to sympathize, etc.
The structure of the didactic game form basic and additional components. TO main components include: didactic task, game actions, game rules, result and didactic material. TO additional components
: plot and role.
Conducting didactic games includes: 1. Familiarize children with the content of the game, use didactic material in it (showing objects, pictures, a short conversation, during which the children’s knowledge and ideas are clarified). 2.Explanation of the course and rules of the game, while strictly following these rules. 3. Showing game actions. 4. Defining the role of an adult in the game, his participation as a player, fan or referee (the teacher directs the actions of the players with advice, questions, reminders). 5. Summing up the game is a crucial moment in its management. Based on the results of the game, one can judge its effectiveness and whether it will be used by children in independent play activities. Analysis of the game allows us to identify individual abilities in the behavior and character of children. This means organizing it correctly individual work with them.
Education in the form of a didactic game is based on the child’s desire to enter an imaginary situation and act according to its laws, that is, it corresponds to the age characteristics of a preschooler.
Types of didactic games:
1. Games with objects (toys).
2. Printed board games.
3.Word games.
Didactic games – differ in educational content, cognitive activity children, game actions and rules, organization and relationships of children, the role of the teacher.
Games with objects
- are based on the direct perception of children, correspond to the child’s desire to act with objects and thus get acquainted with them.
IN
In games with objects, children learn to compare, establish similarities and differences between objects. The value of these games is that with their help children become familiar with the properties of objects, size, and color. When introducing children to nature in such games, I use natural material(plant seeds, leaves, pebbles, various flowers, pine cones, twigs, vegetables, fruits, etc. - which arouses keen interest in children and an active desire to play. Examples of such games: “Don’t be mistaken”, “Describe this object”, “What is this?”, “What first, what then”, etc.
Board - printed games
-This An interesting activity for children to get acquainted with the surrounding world, the world of animals and plants, phenomena of living and inanimate nature. They are varied in type: “lotto”, “dominoes”, paired pictures.” With the help of board and printed games, you can successfully develop speech skills, mathematical abilities, logic, attention, learn to model life patterns and make decisions, and develop self-control skills.
Word games - This effective method nurturing independent thinking and speech development in children. They built on the words and actions of the players, children independently solve various mental problems: they describe objects, highlighting their characteristic features, guess them from the description, find similarities and differences between these objects and natural phenomena.
IN In the process of games, children clarify, consolidate, and expand their ideas about natural objects and its seasonal changes.
Didactic games - travel - are one of the effective ways to enhance the cognitive activity of children.
Didactic game in experimental activities - contributes to the formation of children's cognitive interest in the environment, develops basic mental processes, observation, and thinking.
The joint activities of parents and teachers - individual counseling of parents, information stands, moving folders, thematic exhibitions with the proposed material - gives a more effective result in working with children.
To develop children's knowledge about the world around them, systematize them, and cultivate a humane attitude towards nature, I use the following didactic games:
Material used:
Games with objects
"What it is?"
Goal: to clarify children’s ideas about inanimate objects.
Material: natural - sand, stones, earth, water, snow.
Progress of the game. Children are offered pictures and, depending on what is drawn on it, they need to arrange the natural material accordingly and answer what is it? And what is it? (Big, heavy, light, small, dry, wet, loose). What can you do with it?
“Who eats what?”
Target. Strengthen children's ideas about animal food.
Progress of the game. Children take out from the bag: carrots, cabbage, raspberries, cones, grain, oats, etc. They name it and remember what animal eats this food.
"Children on a Branch"
Target .
To consolidate children's knowledge about the leaves and fruits of trees and shrubs, to teach them to select them according to their belonging to the same plant.
Progress of the game. Children look at the leaves of trees and shrubs and name them. At the teacher’s suggestion: “Children, find your branches” - the children select the corresponding fruit for each leaf. This game can be played with dried leaves and fruits throughout the year. The children themselves can prepare the material for the game.
“Find what I’ll show you”
Didactic task. Find an item by similarity.
Equipment. Place identical sets of vegetables and fruits on two trays. Cover one (for the teacher) with a napkin.
Progress of the game. The teacher briefly shows one of the objects hidden under the napkin and removes it again, then asks the children: “Find the same one on another tray and remember what it’s called.” Children take turns completing the task until all the fruits and vegetables hidden under the napkin are named.
“What first - what then?”
Target. To consolidate children's knowledge about the development and growth of animals.
Progress of the game. Children are presented with objects: an egg, a chicken, a model of a chicken; kitten, cat; puppy, dog. Children need to place these items in the correct order.
Printed board games
"It is when?"
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena in nature.
Progress of the game. Each of the children has object pictures depicting snowfall, rain, a sunny day, cloudy weather, hail is falling, the wind is blowing, icicles are hanging, etc. and story pictures with images of different seasons. Children need to correctly arrange the pictures they have.
"Magic Train"
Target. To consolidate and systematize children’s ideas about trees and shrubs.
Material. Two trains cut out of cardboard (each train has 4 cars with 5 windows); two sets of cards with pictures of plants.
Progress of the game: On the table in front of the children there is a “train” and cards with pictures of animals. Educator. In front of you is a train and passengers. They need to be placed in the carriages (in the first - bushes, in the second - flowers, etc.) so that one passenger is visible in each window. The first one to place the animals correctly in the carriages will be the winner.
Similarly, this game can be played to consolidate ideas about various groups of plants (forests, gardens, meadows, vegetable gardens).
"Four Pictures"
Target. Strengthen children's ideas about surrounding nature, develop attention and observation.
Progress of the game. The game consists of 24 pictures depicting birds, butterflies, and animals. The presenter shuffles the cards and distributes them equally to the game participants (from 3 to 6 people). Each player must pick up 4 cards that are identical in content. The player who begins the game, having examined his cards, passes one of them to the person sitting on the left. If he needs a card, he keeps it for himself, and any unnecessary one also passes on to the neighbor on the left, etc. Having picked up the cards, each player places them face down in front of them. When all possible sets have been selected, the game ends. Participants in the game turn over the collected cards and lay them out four at a time so that everyone can see them. The one with the most correctly selected cards wins.
Word games
“When does this happen?”
Target. Clarify and deepen children's knowledge about the seasons.
Progress of the game.
The teacher reads alternately short texts in poetry or prose about the seasons, and the children guess.
“Find something to tell me about”
Didactic task. Find objects using the listed characteristics.
Equipment. Vegetables and fruits are laid out along the edge of the table so that they are clearly visible to all children features items.
Progress of the game. The teacher describes in detail one of the objects lying on the table, that is, names the shape of vegetables and fruits, their color and taste. Then the teacher asks one of the children: “Show it on the table, and then name what I told you about.” If the child has completed the task, the teacher describes another object, and another child completes the task. The game continues until all children guess the item from the description.
“Guess who it is?”
Target. Strengthen children's understanding of the characteristic features of wild and domestic animals.
Progress of the game. The teacher describes the animal (its appearance, habits, habitat...) the children must guess about whom we're talking about.
“When does this happen?”
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena.
Progress of the game. Children are offered leaves different plants with different colors, cones, a herbarium of flowering plants, etc. depending on the time of year. Children need to name the time of year when there are such leaves, branches, flowers.
Outdoor games
“What do we take in the basket?”
Goal: to consolidate in children the knowledge of what crops are harvested in the field, in the garden, in the garden, in the forest.
Learn to distinguish fruits based on where they are grown.
To form an idea of the role of people in conservation of nature.
Materials: Medallions with images of vegetables, fruits, cereals, melons, mushrooms, berries, as well as baskets.
Progress of the game. Some children have medallions depicting various gifts of nature. Others have medallions in the form of baskets.
Children - fruits, disperse around the room to cheerful music, with movements and facial expressions they depict a clumsy watermelon, tender strawberries, a mushroom hiding in the grass, etc.
Children - baskets must pick up fruits in both hands. Necessary condition: each child must bring fruits that grow in one place (vegetables from the garden, etc.). The one who fulfills this condition wins.
Tops - roots
Did. task: teach children to make a whole from parts.
Materials: two hoops, pictures of vegetables.
Game progress: option 1. Take two hoops: red, blue. Place them so that the hoops intersect. You need to put vegetables in the red hoop, the roots of which are used for food, and in the hoop of blue color– those that use tops.
The child comes to the table, chooses a vegetable, shows it to the children and puts it in the right circle, explaining why he put the vegetable there. (in the area where the hoops intersect there should be vegetables whose tops and roots are used: onions, parsley, etc.
Option 2. On the table are the tops and roots of plants - vegetables. Children are divided into two groups: tops and roots. Children of the first group take the tops, the second - the roots. At the signal, everyone runs in all directions. On the signal “One, two, three – find your pair!”, you need
Ball game "Air, earth, water"
Did. task: to consolidate children's knowledge about natural objects. Develop auditory attention, thinking, and intelligence.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: Option 1. The teacher throws the ball to the child and names an object of nature, for example, “magpie.” The child must answer “air” and throw the ball back. To the word “dolphin” the child responds “water”, to the word “wolf” - “earth”, etc.
Option2. The teacher calls the word “air”; the child who catches the ball must name the bird. For the word “earth” - an animal that lives on the earth; for the word “water” - the inhabitant of rivers, seas, lakes and oceans.
Nature and man.
Did. task: to consolidate and systematize children’s knowledge about what is created by man and what nature gives to man.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: the teacher conducts a conversation with the children, during which he clarifies their knowledge that the objects around us are either made by human hands or exist in nature, and people use them; for example, forests, coal, oil, gas exist in nature, but houses and factories are created by humans.
"What is made by man"? asks the teacher and throws the ball.
“What is created by nature”? asks the teacher and throws the ball.
Children catch the ball and answer the question. Those who cannot remember miss their turn.
Choose what you need.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about nature. Develop thinking and cognitive activity.
Materials: subject pictures.
Progress of the game: object pictures are scattered on the table. The teacher names some property or sign, and the children must choose as many objects as possible that have this property.
For example: “green” - these can be pictures of a leaf, cucumber, cabbage, grasshopper. Or: “wet” - water, dew, cloud, fog, frost, etc.
Where are the snowflakes?
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the various states of water. Develop memory and cognitive activity.
Materials: cards depicting different states of water: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
Game progress: option 1 .
Children dance in a circle around cards laid out in a circle. The cards depict different states of water: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
While moving in a circle, the following words are said:
So summer has come. The sun shone brighter.
It's getting hotter, where should we look for a snowflake?
WITH the last word everyone stops. Those in front of whom the required pictures are located must raise them and explain their choice. The movement continues with the words:
Finally, winter has come: Cold, blizzard, cold.
Go out for a walk. Where should we look for a snowflake?
The desired pictures are selected again and the choice is explained.
Option 2 .
There are 4 hoops depicting the four seasons. Children must distribute their cards to the hoops, explaining their choice. Some cards may correspond to several seasons.
The conclusion is drawn from the answers to the questions:
- At what time of year can water in nature be in a solid state? (Winter, early spring, late autumn).
The birds have arrived.
Did. task: to clarify the idea of birds.
Progress of the game: the teacher names only the birds, but if he suddenly makes a mistake, then the children must stomp or clap. For example. Birds arrived: pigeons, tits, flies and swifts.
Children stomp – What’s wrong? (flies)
- Who are these flies? (insects)
- Birds arrived: pigeons, tits, storks, crows, jackdaws, macaroni.
The children are stomping. - birds arrived: pigeons, martens...
The children are stomping. Game continues.
Birds have arrived: Tit pigeons,
Jackdaws and swifts, Lapwings, swifts,
Storks, cuckoos, even scops owls,
Swans, starlings. Well done to all of you.
Result: the teacher, together with the children, identifies migratory and wintering birds.
When does this happen?
Did. task: to teach children to distinguish the signs of the seasons. Using poetic words to show the beauty of different seasons, diversity seasonal phenomena and people's occupations.
Materials: for each child, pictures with landscapes of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Progress of the game: the teacher reads a poem, and the children show a picture depicting the season mentioned in the poem.
Spring. In the clearing, blades of grass appear near the path.
A stream runs from a hillock, and there is snow under the tree.
Summer. And light and wide
Our quiet river. Let's run to swim and splash with the fish...
Autumn. The grass in the meadows withers and turns yellow,
The winter crops are just turning green in the fields. A cloud covers the sky, the sun does not shine,
The wind is howling in the field, the rain is drizzling.
Winter. Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets, Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black, And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.
Did. task: to clarify children’s knowledge about the flowering time of individual plants (for example, daffodil, tulip - in spring); golden ball, asters - in autumn, etc.; teach them to classify on this basis, develop their memory and intelligence.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: children stand in a circle. The teacher or child throws the ball, naming the time of year when the plant grows: spring, summer, autumn. The child names the plant.
What is made of what?
Did. task: to teach children to identify the material from which an object is made.
Materials: wooden cube, aluminum bowl, glass jar, metal bell, key, etc.
Progress of the game: children take different objects out of the bag and name them, indicating what each object is made of.
Guess what.
Did. task: to develop children’s ability to solve riddles, to correlate a verbal image with the image in the picture; clarify children's knowledge about berries.
Materials: pictures for each child with images of berries. Book of riddles.
Progress of the game: on the table in front of each child there are pictures of the answer. The teacher makes a riddle, the children look for and pick up the answer picture.
Edible - inedible.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about edible and inedible mushrooms.
Materials: basket, subject pictures with images of edible and inedible mushrooms.
Progress of the game: on the table in front of each child there are pictures of the answer. The teacher makes a riddle about mushrooms, the children find and put down a picture of the answer. edible mushroom into baskets.
Place the planets correctly.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the main planets.
Materials: belt with sewn rays - ribbons of different lengths (9 pieces). Caps with images of planets.
It's so hot on this planet
That it’s dangerous to be there, friends.
What is our hottest planet, and where is it located? (Mercury because it is closest to the sun).
And this planet was shackled by a terrible cold,
The sun's rays did not reach her with warmth.
-What kind of planet is this? (Pluto because it is farthest from the sun and the smallest of all the planets).
A child in a Pluto cap takes hold of the longest ribbon No. 9.
And this planet is dear to us all.
The planet gave us life... (all: Earth)
-In what orbit does planet Earth rotate? Where is our planet from the sun? (On the 3rd).
A child in an “Earth” cap takes hold of ribbon No. 3.
Two planets are close to planet Earth.
My friend, name them quickly. (Venus and Mars).
Children wearing “Venus” and “Mars” hats occupy the 2nd and 4th orbits, respectively.
And this planet is proud of itself
Because it is considered the largest.
-What kind of planet is this? What orbit is it in? (Jupiter, orbit No. 5).
The child in the Jupiter cap takes place No. 5.
The planet is surrounded by rings
And this made her different from everyone else. (Saturn)
Child - Saturn occupies orbit No. 6.
What kind of green planets are they? (Uranus)
A child wearing a matching Neptune cap occupies orbit #8.
All the children took their places and began to revolve around the “Sun”.
The round dance of the planets is spinning. Each has its own size and color.
For each, the path is defined. But only on Earth is the world inhabited by life.
Useful - not useful.
Did. task: to consolidate concepts useful and harmful products.
Materials: cards with images of products.
How to play: Place what is useful on one table, and what is not useful on the other.
Healthy: rolled oats, kefir, onions, carrots, apples, cabbage, sunflower oil, pears, etc.
Unhealthy: chips, fatty meats, chocolates, cakes, Fanta, etc.
Used Books:
A.I. Sorokin “Didactic game in kindergarten».
A.K. Bondarenko "Didactic games in kindergarten."
“Certificate of publication in the media” Series A No. 0002253, barcode (receipt No.) 62502669050070 Date of dispatch December 12, 2013
We invite teachers preschool education Tyumen region, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra to publish their methodological material:
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Summary of a printed board game for children senior group"Loto Birds"
Tasks:
Strengthen the ability to recognize and name migratory and wintering birds.
Develop the ability to interact with playing partners.
Develop the ability to find constructive decisions when choosing play partners and the driver.
Cultivate friendly relationships.
Vocabulary work: wintering, migratory.
Integration of areas: speech development, cognitive development, social and communicative development, artistic and aesthetic development.
Preliminary work: acquaintance with wintering and migratory birds, reading works of fiction, guessing and composing riddles, didactic games: "What changed?", “Who is missing?”, “Which one?”.
Rules games: 6 participants. Participants are given large cards. The driver places small cards in a bag. He takes them out one by one and calls them “Who has a woodpecker?”. The player who has a woodpecker on the map must answer: "I have a woodpecker", after which the driver gives him the picture. The one wins. Who will have all the pictures of the big map covered first?
Material and equipment: 6 large cards, 36 small pictures, bag; yellow, blue, red circles.
Progress of the lesson.
Involvement in activities:1 min.
The teacher shows the children a beautiful, wonderful bag.
Guys, your parents sewed us such a wonderful bag for games« Lotto» , now we can not be afraid of losing all the small cards.
Goal setting process: 2 minutes.
Educator: I see that everyone wants to play this game. How should we act so that no one is offended?
The planning process: 6 min.
Children: they offer different options (count; let the girls play first, and then the boys; you can choose who will play first using circles)
Educator: I liked the idea with the mugs. Which clubs will play first?
Children offer their options, each color is calculated and the one with the most votes is chosen.
Educator: I suggest you take a circle. Whoever has red plays first.
The children take their places at the table.
Educator: Well, don’t be upset, we have many others board games, which you can play for now.
Action stage: 18 min.
Participants games Using a counting rhyme, a driver is selected, the driver deals out large cards and the game begins.
At the end game participants change. This way all the children have time to play the game. « Lotto birds»
After games Children, I put all the attributes back in place.
Reflection process: 2 minutes.
Educator: Do you think we managed to play together today? Why?
Yes, guys, you played well today, skillfully found a solution for the distribution of participants games, they didn’t forget how to choose a driver, and that’s why the game turned out to be friendly.
Publications on the topic:
Synopsis of the frontal speech therapy lesson “Birds of Migratory” for children of the older group with OHP Objectives: learn to form and use prefixed verbs; develop the ability to compose simple sentences, exercise the ability to compose.
Summary of a game-lesson for teaching children traffic rules “The Adventure of a Wolf on the City Streets” for children of the senior group Goal: To consolidate children's knowledge of the rules traffic and behavior on the street, in transport, knowledge of traffic lights. Specify the provision.
Summary of the quest - games for children of the senior group “Return of a forgotten book.” Program content: Goal: enroll children in the library. Objectives: Educational: - continue to develop children’s interest in art.
Abstract of the educational activity for children of the senior group “Wintering birds of the Saratov region” Summary of GCD in educational field“Cognitive development” for children of the senior group on the topic: “Wintering birds of the Saratov region.”
Summary of educational activities on the formation of lexical and grammatical means of language for children of the senior speech therapy group “Wintering Birds” Topic: “Wintering birds” Type of GCD: consolidation of new material. Goal: To clarify and expand children’s understanding of wintering birds. Tasks:.
Summary of educational activities for children of the senior group in the field of “Cognition” (Formation of a holistic picture of the world) “Birds” Goal: to consolidate children's knowledge about birds. Objectives: to expand children’s understanding of birds (appearance, habitat, etc., their diversity;.
Card index of didactic games.
A didactic game is a multifaceted, complex pedagogical phenomenon: it is a gaming method of teaching preschool children, a form of education, an independent gaming activity, and a means of comprehensive education of a child’s personality.
During the game, the child develops voluntary attention and observation, consolidates knowledge about the quality of toys, the desire to play with them, awakens interest in the game process, and develops careful attitude to them, as well as an understanding that toys can be played with in different ways.
Didactic games are also useful for the mental development of a child.
With the help of games to compare objects, children quickly master the ability to find signs of differences and similarities between objects.
Word games are very interesting for children. By playing with words, children learn to communicate and master the rules of behavior. In addition, they develop intelligence, speech, and a sense of humor.
To maintain a positive emotional mood in a child, it is necessary for him to be among other children in order to have friends, good comrades; didactic games will be of great help in this.
Thoughtful content, purposeful definition of the didactic task, game rules and actions will contribute to the education of preschool children.
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P/ P | Game name | Purpose of use |
For children from 3 to 4 years old |
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Games with objects |
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Katya doll woke up | Education of mental activity; consolidation of knowledge about clothing and the sequence of the dressing process |
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Katya doll is having lunch | Consolidating knowledge about tableware; education of mental activity, caring attitude towards the doll |
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New doll | Cultivating goodwill, an attentive, caring attitude towards a new toy; development of coherent speech |
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What changed? | Activation of mental activity, voluntary attention, memorization, recollection. coherent speech |
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Wonderful pouch | Consolidating knowledge about toys; education of endurance, sensory abilities, speech |
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Find out what it is? | Education of sensory abilities; consolidation of knowledge about vegetables and fruits; activation of the dictionary |
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Fly to me! | Consolidating knowledge about plants; developing the ability to compare objects and quickly respond to a verbal signal |
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Who will collect it most quickly? | Cultivating mental activity, intelligence, and determination |
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Find an item by description | Education of voluntary attention, correct, coherent speech, intelligence |
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Choose dishes for the doll | Developing the ability to group objects; consolidation of knowledge about different types of dishes; developing a caring attitude towards the doll |
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Living domino | Education of voluntary attention; consolidation of knowledge about color; development of speed of reaction to a verbal signal, the ability to strictly follow the rules of the game |
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More less | Consolidating knowledge about the size of objects; developing the ability to compare objects; formation of concentration and purposefulness |
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Board games |
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Paired pictures | Nurturing children’s ability to compare objects, find signs of similarity, activate vocabulary and speech |
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Assemble the puzzle | Developing the ability to compare, generalize, and correctly name an object; formation of intelligence, concentration |
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Developing the ability to group objects, quick thinking, and cognitive activity; development of attention, speech, joint play activities |
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Whose children? | Consolidating knowledge about domestic animals and their cubs; developing the ability to correlate pictures by content; development of voluntary attention, speech |
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Who needs what for work? | Consolidating knowledge about tools; nurturing interest in adult work; formation of basic career guidance; speech activation |
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Consolidating knowledge about machines that help people at work; developing the ability to compare objects and find similarities |
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When does this happen? | Consolidating knowledge about the seasons, developing coherent speech, attention, endurance |
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Word games |
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Guess who called | Cultivating auditory attention and camaraderie |
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Finger games | Education of speech activity and communication |
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Horned goat | Developing the ability to act on a verbal signal, the desire to participate in joint games |
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Improving children’s ability to coordinate actions with words; education of goodwill |
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In the poultry yard | Consolidating knowledge about poultry, developing correct sound pronunciation and speech activity |
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By the bear in the forest | Developing the ability to act on a signal; developing a sense of endurance and mutual assistance; development of correct sound pronunciation |
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Education of speech and motor activity, the ability to combine words with action; improving the ability to coordinate actions |
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Education of speech activity; development of speed of reaction to a verbal signal, correct sound pronunciation |
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Corydalis | Consolidating knowledge about the habits of a brood hen; development of speech and motor activity |
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Owl, Owl - big head | Cultivating auditory attention, improving the ability to act on a signal, combine actions with words |
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Development of dialogic speech, consistency of action in joint play |
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Improving the ability to coordinate words and actions; activate children's speech |
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Sunny bunnies | Fostering physical activity and the desire to play together; developing a sense of humor |
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Sparrows and car | Development of auditory attention, speed of reaction to a signal, coordination of actions |
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Exercise children in the correct pronunciation of the sound p; learning to speak calmly. but loud |
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Exercise in dialogical speech, in correct sound pronunciation; strengthening the ability to act on a signal |
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Chicken - hazel grouse | Development of speech activity; exercise in correct pronunciation |
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I'm going, I'm going | Developing coordination of actions, speech activity, and the ability to act on a signal |
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For children from 4 before 5 years |
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Games with objects |
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What is it made of? | Developing the ability to compare and group objects; activation of the dictionary; development of attention, speech |
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Find the same one | Developing the ability to compare objects, find similarities and differences; education of savvy, coherent speech |
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Housewarming | Cultivating a friendly attitude towards new toys; consolidating children's knowledge about clothes, shoes, dishes, toys; development of coherent speech |
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Development of coherent, dialogical speech, resourcefulness; consolidation of knowledge about the rules of behavior in the store. |
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Who needs what for work? | Fostering interest in adult work; consolidation of knowledge about professions and tools |
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Broken phone | Cultivating auditory attention, intelligence, endurance; activation of the dictionary |
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What changed? | Development of voluntary attention, memorization; activation of the dictionary |
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Does the toy tell about itself? | Developing the ability to highlight the most characteristic features subject; development of coherent speech, attention, imagination |
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Who will collect it most quickly? | Developing quick response to words, discipline, and endurance; consolidation of knowledge about vegetables and fruits |
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Hot - cold | Cultivating observation and intelligence, developing coherent speech, consolidating knowledge about plants |
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Run to the tree! | Developing the ability to quickly navigate in space; consolidation of knowledge about trees |
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Board-printed games |
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Paired pictures | Paired pictures Developing observation skills, the ability to notice similarities and differences in objects; activation of vocabulary, speech |
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Who's doing what | Consolidation of knowledge about agricultural work; development of ingenuity, coherent speech, endurance |
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Make no mistake! | Consolidating knowledge about different sports; nurturing the desire to play sports, resourcefulness, and speed of reaction to a signal |
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Consolidation of knowledge about types of transport; education of attention and concentration; activation of speech, vocabulary |
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Exercise in correct use generalizing words; nurturing intelligence. reaction speed |
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Hunter and shepherd | Consolidating knowledge about wild and domestic animals; education of voluntary attention, intelligence, flexibility of thinking |
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What's extra? | Cultivating observation skills and skills show correctness of your judgment, sense of humor |
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When does this happen? | Developing the ability to recall, correlate knowledge with images in pictures; consolidation of knowledge about parts of the day |
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Where can I buy it | Consolidating knowledge about stores; fostering a desire to help parents shop |
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Word games |
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We won’t tell you where we were, but we’ll show you what we did. | Cultivating imagination, ingenuity, activating vocabulary |
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Education of speech and motor activity, speed of reaction to a signal, consistency of action |
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Sparrows and car | Exercise in correct sound pronunciation; training the speed of reaction to a signal, endurance |
The use of this part of the subject-development environment is aimed at:
- development of discipline and the ability to complete what is started;
- improving attention, thought processes, imagination and speech skills;
- recording acquired knowledge and skills;
- developing the ability to work in a team, friendliness and cooperation.
The use of games allows us to identify children’s areas of interest, determining their preferences during play. A variety of material teaches preschoolers to generalize objects according to a certain characteristic, to distinguish them from each other depending on their use and purpose. Also, during the game, the child notices the relationships between objects and learns to form a whole from the resulting parts.
An important point in the game is the need to choose a partner for interaction and find your place in the group. Children are divided into pairs or triplets, while a large number of pupils in the group significantly complicates the task.
The teacher plays the role of a guide in the game; he pushes the children to take the right actions, rather than directing the process. Also, do not forget about praising and encouraging the success of preschoolers.
The card index of printed board games for children aged 5-6 years old, used in kindergarten, includes the following materials:
- domino;
- checkers;
- puzzles with different numbers of pieces;
- pictures made up of cubes, the pattern on the edges of which relates to a specific image;
- mosaics;
- didactic games in pictures.
The use of games affects visual perception, which is an important element educational process at the preschool educational institution. To include printed pedagogical material in children’s activities, it is necessary to remember that the principle of visualization implies the presence of a visual example. That is, in order to assemble the puzzle, the child will need the original whole picture as an example.
Visual perception is developed by games such as mosaics, cards with images of animals and plants, and plot pictures. For the same purpose, teaching materials are included in the work in the form of a field map with a set of chips and cubes.
Choosing a game taking into account the characteristics of the child’s age development
The choice of gaming material is determined by the age group of the children. At the age of 5-6 years, board and printed games take into account such developmental features as:
- the need to work in small groups (2-4 people). Lotto and dominoes with pictures, cubes, puzzles (for example, “Fold the pattern”) are suitable for this.
- awareness of teamwork. The games from the previous paragraph and others, for example, games with a field card, correspond to this feature. Materials are actively used to consolidate knowledge about types of transport and the use of objects;
- At this age, it is possible to show intolerance towards the help of a teacher or other adult, which requires independence in the game process. The eldest retains the role of leader. A lesson with the designation of opposing concepts, tasks for mastering professions, is suitable.
When working with children, make sure that everyone has enough props. Each child should have their own set of cards, chips or puzzle pieces. When first introduced to the material, students will need time to study what is proposed before the game begins. In the older group, children are offered different puzzle plots, since the process of combining elements itself fades into the background. If they have free time, children can exchange sets of mosaic elements.
Examples of printed board games for children aged 5-6 years
A ready-made card index of printed board games for children aged 5-6 years in kindergarten should meet the characteristics of their age and include materials on various topics. The following can be added to the game catalogue:
Game "Visiting a fairy tale"
This game is aimed at the social-emotional development of students. In the process, the preschooler learns to resolve problem situations and interact with other children through discussion and search for solutions. The set of materials includes:
- 8 or more playing fields;
- cards with a story containing a problematic situation;
- figurines of fairy-tale characters.
The game is especially effective in a small group. The playing fields and heroes are placed on the table, and each field is numbered. Number cards are placed face down on the table. When the student takes a card and calls the number, the presenter describes the essence of the problem situation that the preschooler must solve.
Example of a game situation:
- Pinocchio and Malvina played together in the sandbox. The girl couldn't make her Easter cakes and she started crying, and Pinocchio started laughing at her. What would be the best thing to do in Buratino's place?
Solution option: playing together is much more interesting; Pinocchio should have helped Malvina, and not teased her.
- A mouse, a bunny and a frog were playing in a clearing near the tower. A mosquito flew up to them, he wanted to join the game, but he was shy. How to deal with this situation?
Solution option: the mosquito should have greeted him warmly and asked if he could join the game.
Game "Choose the words"
A game that promotes the development of coherent speech in children. It also allows you to expand your vocabulary. The set includes 12 cards with pictures and 96 with words written on them. Each child should receive a picture. If there are more children, additional material should be prepared.
The presenter shows a card with words, the children read them. The card is taken by the student whose picture matches the words in meaning. The card index of printed board games for children 5-6 years old is replenished with such a game and for the purpose.
Example of word cards:
- store: money, scales, counter, seller, showcase, buyer, cash register, check;
- sea: fish, ship, jellyfish, sailor, wave, island;
- circus: clown, trainer, arena, magician, juggler;
- forest: pine cone, squirrel, path, pine, mushroom, hedgehog.
Game "Labyrinth"
Children are given sheets of paper with a labyrinth printed on it. The ends of the maze are a cat and a kitten, a hen and a chick, etc. The preschooler must draw a path from one character to another with a pencil. This strengthens logical connections and allows you to train your hand for writing.
Game "Snow Queen"
Gameplay based on the plot of a famous fairy tale. Pupils move figures around the field, finding themselves in various situations. In the process, logic, memory and visual perception develop.
Game "Zoological Lotto"
Cards with images of animals and birds are used to help learn the names of animals, develop attention and memory.
When working with game material, do not forget about the timing of the lesson, which helps to more effectively perceive information and maintain discipline during the game. The following order is recommended:
- introduction - 1-2 minutes. The teacher tells the children about the purpose of the laid out materials, reminds or explains the rules of the game;
- The actual action takes 3-8 minutes, during which the presenter guides the participants;
- summing up - 1-2 minutes. The teacher must praise each child, regardless of who completed the task better than the rest.
Depending on the chosen game, preschoolers have speech skills, cognitive processes,... In addition, the ability to follow rules and interact with the team is developed.
Printed board games for preschool educational institutions, included in the card index, are indispensable both in educational classes and during children’s independent activities. They provide an opportunity to engage students while explaining various concepts in a fun way. Preschoolers aged 5-6 years react positively to an adult’s initiative, joining in the gameplay with pleasure. The variety of classes provided allows for an individual approach to each child and the group of children as a whole.
