Ecology
The brain is amazing and, perhaps, the most mysterious body, a small biological computerThe center, through which living beings receive teams to action.
The brain in animals is very different depending on the type and can be a small cluster of nerve cells or complex and striking neurons system.
We suggest you find out the most interesting facts about the brain of animals and manwho can surprise you a lot.
Brain Peukov
Brain spiders Sometimes so great that opsing the rest of the authoritieswhich in some cases can move to lower limbs. Smithsonian tropical research institute Made this discovery, studying the nervous system of the smallest spider in the world. His brain occupies 80 percent cavity of his body.
Scientists found out that the fewer animals the more their brain in proportions to the rest of the body. For example, a human brain is 2-3 percent from total mass Body. E some small ants the brain takes 15 percent, and in tiny spiders - even more.
Brain leech
Leeches can seem to you low-rotor and even disgusting alive creatures that are able to be sick to the skin of man or animals and suck their blood. This property of leeches is often used in alternative medicine, for example, it helps to purify infected wounds.
It is impossible to deny that leeches - amazing creatures, because they possess 5 pairs of eyes, 300-teeth and..32 brains! However, it is technically one brain that consists of 32 nerve nodes, which is actually separate brains.
Little brain giant squid
Giant squid During nutrition, the relatively small pieces of food are biteled, since when swallowing food should go through them donkey-shaped brain, but only then get into the esophagus. Such a giant creature has the biggest eyes Among all the creatures of the planet, however his brain is amazingly small.
Male giant squid uses his 15 gram To coordinate its 150 kilogram body. The length of this giant reaches 10 meters, and its sexual body in length reaches 1.5 meters.
Cordyceps. It feeds on some not vital antibodies, omitting the brain of poor insects with its threads, Forcing the ants climb on the top of the plants. After some time, the fungus kills the ant and germinates in the form of a mushroom from his head. Typical horror movie plot.
The smallest nervous insect system
Tiny wasp View Megaphragma Mymaripenne. size less single-cell amebedespite the fact that it has such parts of the body as eyes, brain, wings, genitals and digestive system.
Researchers discovered that she has most tiny nervous system Of all famous insects. In the head at the UK, it contains relatively not a large number of neurons when it is a larvae, but later, when the OSA becomes adult, the number of neurons more reducedSince they lack a place in her little head. However, it doesn't need a lot of brains: adults live no more than 5 days.
Brain worm
Tiny brain chervey View C. Elegans Nematode. consists of everything out 302 neurons, However, despite this fact, it has the same functions as the nervous system of other more complex organisms.
Scientists study the amazing features of the brain of round worms to understand the main mechanisms more complex behavior of animals. Perhaps it will help to reveal some secrets of the human brain.
Shells eat their own brain
Shells - similar to the bags creatures-hermaphroditeswho cling to corals and filter their food in the marine fashion. They produce offspring, similar to the headastrics, which is scattered in the water in search of new housing.
In the larval stage, shells have the same anatomical characteristics as fish, birds, reptiles and even mammals, but as they grow up lose the brains And they become in the literal sense of the word "brainless".
They digest your own nervous nodeswho are responsible for the movement that they do not need more, since the remaining life of the shells lead a fixed lifestyle.
Brain Fish
The statement that women are more stupid men, has long been recognized as false, but one species has marine inhabitants This thought it has a real base. Brain Fish Family spicylake Mangu In Iceland, has significant differences in size depending on the floor.
The scientist believes that such inequality may be due to the fact that the males need to use more Brain ResourcesSince they compete with each other, build nests, care for females in the marriage and even care about Icre. The females are only matered and mocked caviar.
Bird's brain
Many have long been interested in the question like dyatlam succeed do not damage the brain during the extraction of foodBut neither such force is hit by the beak on the solid surfaces of the trees.
Like many species of birds, dyatlas have complex turtles consisting of tiny and very lungs by weight bones. The weight of the middle bird skull is no more than 1 percent From the total weight of her body. Dyatlov has a built-in protective mechanism - Air bag that softens the blows and protects the brain.
Big brain dogs
Dog breed King Charles Spaniel Have a friendly character and cute appearance, for which we got widespread. However, in the process of removing this breed, it turned out that dogs have one serious problem: many representatives began to manifest the disease at which the animal brain was too large to fit in their small heads..
According to one veterinarian, this is the same thing that they try to get a few more sizes to the foot in the boot for several sizes. The disease carries life about one third of the dogs of this breedMoreover, poor animals suffer greatly from headaches.
Amazing brain raven
Vrany - Family of birds that includes raven, Graco, Talk, Sokes and Forty. These birds are known, quite intelligent, and the level of their intelligence sometimes you can compare with primates intelligence.
Their extraordinary memory, the ability to logically argue and the ability to use the tools of labor was many surprised scientists. These birds are able to use tools, for example, sticks to get to delicious larvae. Such abilities among animals have chimpanzees.
Birds also know how to hide food from strange eyes, but sometimes there can be false caches: they pretend that something is hiding, to confuse Vorishekwho want to enjoy other people's reserves.
Brain Dolphin.
Do you know that the brain Dolphin is actually more brain man? Dolphin-AFALINAFor example, it can recognize, memorize and solve the tasks, which makes it the closest in terms of intelligence to a person being on our planet.
New brain bark Dolphin is more complicated than a person, it gives dolphins by self-awareness, that is, they create really think, not just act, relying on instincts.
Brain man
A person belong to the kingdom animals, however, as you know, we are too different from other representatives of the animal world, in particular we have a unique brain.
It is known for certain that human brain is more developedthan the brain of his closest relatives-primates. But we ourselves can not fully understand its complexity and versatility. The brain uses near 20 per cent The total amount of oxygen in our organism, it can process information very quickly, and each part it has separate functions.
Squid - a creature at first glance is simple and even primitive. All his body consists of an oblong abloseable bag with internal organs and a large head from which the tentacles grow with suction cups. Nevertheless, this inhabitant of sea waters is not so simple, as it seems, and about his life can be told a lot of interesting things. Amazing facts about squid is a topic that costs.
Squids live in the saline waters of almost the entire world's ocean - and in hot tropics, and in the Ice Arctic. Some live near the surface, others - at depths to 2 km, where the eternal pitch darkness reigns. The deeper the habitat, the larger their size. However, gigantic instances managed to see and even catch and close from the surface of the water.
The mollusk color can be different and depends on the habitat. Than colder waterTheover she is pale, but there are pink, and bright blue varieties. Most species are able to change color when exposed to their body of electrical discharge, danger or other external factors. Some of the deep-sea varieties can phosphoresize in the dark with blue or purple light. Residents nordic seas Practically colorless, and at great depths were completely transparent, "glass" instances. They remain only inside and eyes. If, at the danger, such a squid does not have time to unite, it freezes and gains a huge portion of water, blowing as a ball.
In the surface layers of the warm seas there is a special kind of tiny dimensions and going into large flocks. They absolutely do not know how to move independently and freely drift with the course of tides and sings. Inside, they have a cavity filled with ammonium chloride (ammonia). It is lighter than water, which keeps them always on the surface. The same mechanism of "steaming in water" (neutral buoyancy) have some deep-water giant squid. And some small species have a negative buoyancy, so they are forced to constantly produce jet jets, which makes their existence very energy-intensive.
Instead of hemoglobin in the blood of these clams, there is a hemocyanin with copper, which is why it has an aristocratic blue color. At the same time, they have three hearts that have a direct connection with three tentacles.
Squids have excellent vision, and their eyes are considered the largest on the planet. Among the copies caught by a person, a gigantic mollusk with eyes of 40 cm in diameter turned out to be the most impressive in diameter. One crystal of such an eye was the size of an orange, thanks to which he had the ability to skip a large amount of light and see at great depth. In this case, the structure and functioning of the eye apparatus has a lot of similarity with human, and in some indicators and much superior to it. Eyes they can have a different size, and are configured to various light intensity, which is why they are perfectly seen at a depth and even where the light beam almost does not penetrate.
There is no bone in the body of the squid. Extracted on land, they turn into a formless flesh. The solid in the body is only a chitinular beak and celluloid-shaped head cartilage. Mollusk has a brain and has a living intelligence, knows how to take lightning and well-balanced solutions. Their nerve fibers, which, as you know, determine the speed of the nervous system, are considered one of the thickness and exceed human 100 times!
A special tube in the body plays the role of a siphon, capable of pushing them a powerful water jet, which provides a high speed of movement. The siphon is moving, and can turn into any side and even back, so that the mollusk easily changes the direction of movement. The body is pulled into a thin torpedo, the tentacles are connected and put forward, and the "wings" turns tightly around the body. The resistance of water is minimal, and the marine animal can develop a colossal speed, using its body virtuoso.
There is a kind of squid, which, escape by flight from enemies, can jump out of the water and fly out several tens of meters. At the same time, they often get out of the fire in the floor, "becoming prey of prey birds.
The species of Octopoteuthis Deletron, dwelling at a depth of 800m, is noteworthy by a very short term of the sense of the male. Not bored with searches, the representative of the species hangs its capsules with spermatozoa to the first part that fell, despite the sexuality.
Squid has no territory "fixed" behind them. Leading extremely mobile life, they can migrate to huge distances. Out of spawning, the direction of their movement does not have a system, it seems that they are floating where the eyes look. When the time of spawning comes, speed reaches 70km / hour, and they float in short term For thousands of kilometers.
Squids are omnivorous, with the more their size, the more diverse the menu. Small plankton, other mollusks, all kinds of fish, they are not bent and also like that. Adult mollusks are pleased to eat the smallest generation of their own species. Gigantic individuals choose their extraction bigger, and there are quite a few cases when they attacked a person.
There are still no reliable information about whether there are mysterious krakens (the grand sizes of squid or, for other things, octopuses) or this mythical creaturesNever existing on the planet. They are filmed about the movie and written fantastic plots, but the question remains open. If you argue theoretically, the major squid can harm a small ship. But the picture in which he pierces the tentacle the body of the ship is completely deprived of the likelihood. Without a skeleton, these creatures can only squeeze, stretch and break the victim, but do not pierce it through. As for the fight against the caught giant on the deck, then outside the water they are completely helpless.
Nevertheless, they are completely capable of pulling a huge tent of a person from a boat in the sea. Thus, researchers have already accumulated a lot of certificates of mysterious Kalmar Humboldt, inhabitants in the Atlantic. The marine animal has huge sizes and can quickly change its color, opening and closing special piles with pigment (chromatophores) located in the thicker of the skin. If all chromatophores are closed, they become white, sometimes it can be dark green, in the anger, or during the danger of coloring them becomes bright red.
Historical fact. In 2011, Giant Humbold made an attack on a fishing boat near the resort Loreto, which there were a lot of witnesses, as the ship went onto the coast course in front of the rest. Suddenly seemed from the water thick tentacles began to grab fishermen and drag them into the water. Somewhat subsequently thrown on the coast of bodies were completely covered with dark blue bruises, remaining from powerful suckers, and one of them was literally bubbered and a little like a person's body.
Many enemies and the squid themselves, the main of which are Cachelot, except for a person who chose them as a gastronomic delicacy. If a major squid (architectice) meets with coushlot, a terrible battle is played between them. In 99% of cases, the victory wins Cachelot as a stronger animal. Therefore, the cullen mollusk is trying to avoid this battle, releasing, like octopuses, ink stain or fleeing.
About the smoke veil is written a lot, but researchers continue to open amazing facts. Squid is able to launch a real "scene with dressing up"! Seeing the danger, he can suddenly blame, and then release ink, becoming completely colorless, and quickly flush. They released the stain acquires his own outlines, confusing the predator, which focuses the look at the "layout". And only when touching this dark silhouette, he literally explodes with a dark cloud, leaving the enemy to wander in dotmakes. To leave instead of my own image, change the outfit and imperceptibly disappear from the stage - truly ingenious maneuver!
Coloring fluid produced in case of danger, not just "mutton water", but also has a paralyzing effect on the olfactory system of fish. Some time after its impact, predators are not able to catch the smell of the victim, even if close to it closely. Paralyzing nerve olfactory cells action lasts about an hour. But this "drug" acts on the charture themselves. If the squid in the captivity produces ink, being in a limited space, when exceeding the permissible concentration, it may fall victim to his own weapon. People who fell under the right impact of camouflage paint, talked about staining the entire underwater world into a wonderful amber color, to get rid of which managed through a short time without harm to vision.
Kalmar is not bad armed and besides the bag with ink. The tentacles are equipped with hundreds of powerful suckers, and some varieties also have sharp, curved, like cats, claws. He has no teeth, but there is a strong chitin peak, which is quite capable of breaking the shell of the crab or ridge of large fish.
To the life of squid strong influence It has a moon. They migrate, mostly at night, with the more it is clear, the more actively movement. Sometimes the lunar debate leads them to death - moving along it when entering small bays, a lot of squid can accelerate and fly ashore. However, sometimes they take the world of coastal lights for the moonwalk.
The life expectancy of individual parties is 1 year. Confirm or refute this statement is difficult due to the difficulties of observation at high depths, but for all the time there was not a single copy of the age of older than the year.
Squids fall quickly and without preludes. In fact, this is an interesting and complex process. During the short pairing, the male places sperm on the body of the female (silent tube). Large copies they can reach the meter. This tube is not simple, and with its mechanism of throwing sperm, which includes a fuse-hairs, a strong spring and even a tube with glue, which is able to glue living to living in the water (Surgeon's dream!). Sperm from a funnel at the bottom of the head comes out, and to transfer it to the female and paste where it is necessary, there is either penis, or a modified tentacle-hand with special clamps. The female may find the right place in the most different places Depending on the variety - under the beak, near the gills, on the inner surface of the mantle and even on the back of the head. However, the male is absolutely anyway, where to glue your bag to unload - at least on the back, even though on the tail. On this, his mission ends.
After leaving the body of the male, the spermatophore comes into contact with salt water, which starts the process. The outer shell explodes, the water falls inside and activates the spring, which is thrown out with the inner shell with sperm, getting exactly in the right place on the female body, where the spawning of eggs is immediately stuck and it remains to wait for their fertilization. Quickly, like a short air battle. At the same time, male worries little female female. Before spawning, several months can pass, by the time the "happy father" may not be alive for a long time. The viability of the seed material is preserved up to 3 months.
Squid's female gives offspring once in his life. After laying eggs, she dies, and her body pops up to the surface and endured ashore, where the prey of predatory coastal birds becomes.
Since a long time, among people, among people there were myths about gigantic mounds from the abyss, thirsty blood and flesh of travelers. The unknown depths of the ocean, to conquer which were not possible then, were the object and the main cause of fiction, fairy tales and terrible disadvantages relating to its mysterious inhabitants. It is worth saying that even today, no one can accurately assert that the water space of the planet, the so-called abyss, studied to the end. Ancient records tell about how monsters with huge tentacles from sea depths They attacked the ships and galleys, by carrying them on the bunch. Those who managed to stay after the attack alive, very often embellished their stories about unprecedented beings, attributing fictional monsters and distorting them appearance. Because of all the above-mentioned factors, to establish who the wanderers met exactly, it was almost impossible.
Today the situation has changed somewhat, and about some unusual inhabitants of the seas and oceans, humanity has become known. In the article we would like to talk about the biggest squids in the world, namely, to tell about their distinctive features, characteristic features Views and bring interesting and reliable facts about huge sea monsters.
The habitat of huge mollusks
It is known that it is known that there are giant squid on Earth, which inhabit the depths of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Also, these cephalopod mollusks can live in the seas, both in warm and cold. People have repeatedly managed to catch individuals that could be called the most large squid in the world. Sometimes it even happened that the giant was destroyed by the vessel with his attempts to attack. However, when such events took place for the first time, humanity did not have the necessary equipment in order to study the features of the caught animal. Modern technologies Allow to thoroughly explore these living beings and provide complete information about them.
Giant architectice and first mention of him
One of the largest inhabitants of ocean depths is the giant squid, or architectice, as they call him in scientific books. The individuals of this species prefer to be in moderate and subtropical latitudes of all 4 oceans. Live gigantic squids at a depth of a few kilometers and only sometimes float on the surface. The first mention of architectice is found at the end of the 19th century. During the next maritime travel of 1887, which took place near the coast of New Zealand, the sailors found a strange and frightening creature. It was not difficult to notice it, because the storm waves of a huge mollusk simply thrown into land. According to the expedition, the expedition managed to get in place, the size of an unusual find hit the imagination. The length of the monster's body reached incredible sizes - 17.5 meters, and 5 of them were only tentacles. Mantle adult individual was also not small - about 2 meters. Unfortunately, it was not possible to establish the exact weight of the sea monster at that time, but, judging by the above parameters, it was large enough.
Successful attempt to explore a huge inhabitant of depths
The next part, called one of the largest squid in the world, was found in Antarctic 120 years after the first mention of the sea monster. In 2007, fishermen caught a deep-sea inhabitant whose body reached 9 meters long. Then the find weight was easy to install, because fishing tankers currently have all the necessary equipment for weighing the catch directly on board. The giant squid surprised the crew with its dimensions, since his mass was just over 500 kilograms.
Awesome Mesonihotis
Currently, it is known that architectis is far from the only appearance of the inhabitants of the depths, frightening humanity with their dimensions. Since time immemorial on Earth, there was another representative of the giant monsters of the type of challenges of Mollusks-Mesonihotevtis. This giant squid monster is considered one of the largest today. It can be called closely relatives of architectice, only he is much majestic. Mesonihhotis is the only representative of a kind, because, unlike architectice, his weight is somewhat larger: only the mantle of adult individuals reaches a breathtaking size, the length is equal to four meters. By the way, another name of the giant is colossal.
Cachelot stomach content that opened new facts science
The first records about Mesonihhotis were made in the early 19th century. British Zoologist Robson explored the tentacles mined from the stomach of Cashlota caught on the southern Islands of Scotland, and came to the conclusion that they could belong only to the aforementioned sea giant. In the future, for many years, no information relating to the charts of squid-monsters has not been received.
Big fortune scientists
After a significant period of time after the study, the proven of the sea monster Robson, scientists discovered 4 eggs in the long-scale Atlantic, presumably left by molluscs. After examining their composition and origin, they came to the conclusion that the eggs really belong to the female squid rare View Mesonihotevtis. Scientific data appeared in 1970, that is, almost 50 years after the first Robson experiment. The characteristics and features of the preserved masonry were carefully studied by experienced specialists of the time. And 9 years after research work It was possible to catch the adult sex of Mesonihotis. The dimensions of its mantle in length were 117 cm, and it was a female of the biggest squid in the world.
Bloodthirsty and terrible Kraken: fiction or reality?
On the giant squid, whose history goes to a distant past, go legends and now. The ancient navigators told the unprecedented marine monsters who attacked the vessel, covered them with their tentacles and carried everything alive on the seabed. These mythicals at those times creatures received nicknames of Kraken. Until the end of the 16th century, they were considered fictional. However, after a time, mankind was convinced of the opposite, because Kraken's heated as shore was first found, and subsequently presented in the form of an exhibit in the Dublin Museum. By the way, Kraken - the most big squid In the world that science knows today.
Distinctive features of Kraken
From other ocean inhabitants, a giant mollusk is characterized by a head that has a cylindrical shape on which something resembling a bird beak is located. It is them that he captures and grind prey. Kraken's eyes are considered the largest compared to the organs of vision of all other animals living on the planet Earth. Their diameter is 25 cm. The color of the creature varies depending on the arrangement of the Spirit: from the dark green to the bloody-red. The largest squid in the world and his peculiarity in the form of a thickening language, which mollusk pushes prey to the stomach, instills the fear even in experienced seafarers.
Giants attack people
It is worth noting the fact that the captain of the Norwegian Fisherman Tanker Arne Grenningzager told quite a recently to society an amazing story that concerned the huge Kraken. According to him, the giants represent an incredible danger to people who devoted their life to the fishing business, or just those who like to be in the sea. The fact is that his ship "Brunswick" several times was attacked by the aforementioned monster. The captain told the tactics that the mollusk chooses to attack: he first floats to the surface of the water from the abyss, then for a short time accompanies the vessel, as if waiting for a certain point, and then lightningly snaps out of the water and throws up the ship. Only due to the fact that the Shepalz of the pinched monster could not cling to the surface of the deck and the trimming of the ship, the crew managed to escape and remain unharmed in an unequal battle.
Fixed values
If we talk about specific figures that relate to the dimensions of huge underwater inhabitants, and to answer the question about the size of the biggest squid in the world (their body length), then it is worth disappointing seekers of such information. Until the present day, science has not established any certain values. Experts only assume that the length of the body of chalnings inhabitants in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe World Ocean and preferring its bottom, can exceed 50 meters.
Interesting facts about gigantic squids
There are several exciting and real facts About the life of huge and frightening inhabitants of depths. We will list only the most interesting of them:
- Currently, a mammal is known, which can attack one of the largest squid in the world (the name of his architectice) is a coushlot. In the past, to this day, there were real contractions between opponents, in which, as a rule, won Cachelot. It is due to the content of the stomach of the mammal science, it was possible to establish the fact of the existence of a deep-water giant.
- The first photos of an adult giant squid were made in Japan. Mollusk-ogrost found on the surface of oceanic waters and pulled off ashore. Save the exclusive inhabitant of the sea fauna could not be alive. Squid died during the day after removing it from the water. Nowadays, the remains of this creature are stored in the Japanese Museum of Nature and Science.
- "Buoyancy" of the biggest squid in the world, the dimensions of which are really affected by the imagination, is carried out due to the content of aluminum chloride solvent in their body, which has a smaller density than sea \u200b\u200bwater. Because of this property that distinguishes it from other marine inhabitants having an air bubble, a deep-water giant squid is unsuitable for food for a person.
- The age of squid is determined by their beak.
- Unlike other deep-sea inhabitants, the brain and the nervous system of squid are extremely developed and still remain a mystery and subject matter for scientists and specialists in the art.
- Despite its impressive sizes, gigantic squids may remain invisible to their prey. This is evidenced by the imprints of the suckers on the bodies of whales, subject to attacks of these monsters. Scientists have proven that architectures, mesonihotes and krakens lead a passive lifestyle. However, during prey hunt, they show activity and dodging.
- In the premonition of the danger, the colossal squid produces a protective fluid, mortal and other marine creatures.
- One suction cup, which is located directly on the tentacles of the giant squid, interveges about 20 liters of water.
RESULTS
In conclusion, I would like to say that it all does not matter how the largest squid in the world looks. Stories, which seeds for gigantic krakens told, go to the distant past. Only the facts remain - irrefutable, reliable. But here is a paradox: some of them still remain a secret for zoologic scientists. Today, everyone knows that the gigantic squid is not a fiction, but a reality that is covered by Fler's mystery.
