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Jargon is used in our colloquial speech quite often, but we must realize that jargon does not show our education. The same expressions as: “liter-ra”, “mat-ka”, “fiz-ra” - all this is also a kind of “school” jargon. Jargon does not expands our vocabulary, does not provoke perception full description an object, an action, and all it does is shorten it or hide the full meaning behind a short expression that we still perceive.
Very often, in modern society, jargon is used in household appliances: “telly”, “computer”, “video”, etc.
Jargon should be used in moderation, and if possible not used at all, as this turns our society towards ignorance.
Nowadays, people do not think about the words with which they can hurt another person, distorting the name of his school subject, which he has been teaching for half his life...
We can no longer live without jargon, since it has become the routine of our days.
(1) I have a good attitude towards slang and all kinds of jargon. (2) They contain active word creation, which a literary language cannot always afford. (3) Essentially, they are testing grounds for possible language experiments. (4) The use of slang in in ordinary conversation it creates a special effect and makes speech quite expressive. (5) And I even envy all these “sausage is not childish”, “stopudovo” and “atomically” (I don’t use them very much myself), because whatever you say speaking Russian means not only “speaking correctly,” as the Culture channel demands from time to time, but also with pleasure, and therefore emotionally and creatively. (6) After all, slang usually sounds more emotional literary language. (7) Sometimes slang words fill some gap in the literary language, that is, they express an important idea for which there was no separate word. (8) Such words became, for example, “get” and “hitting.” (9) They are very popular and are often found in oral communication, if only because you can’t say it more precisely in one word. (10) Not only in colloquial speech, but also in written texts, a lot of slang words are now generally used. (11) But still, I was surprised to read the phrase “an act of terrorist lawlessness” in the Foreign Ministry statement. (12) I was struck by how easily the dull word “lawlessness”, until recently “criminal jargon”, which primarily describes the situation in the camp, overcame borders zones and became part of the official language. (13) Perhaps these examples are enough. (14) It seems that almost everyone who pays attention to native language, there will be complaints about its current state - similar or, perhaps, some other (after all, we all have different tastes, including linguistic ones).
I'm interested in one question.
Now the author begins to speak positively about slang and jargon, but what exactly is the complaint?
Is it that jargon and slang are beginning to be used more and more and are beginning to be used everywhere (including in official languages)? Or something different?
Preview:
Kirov regional state educational autonomous institution of secondary vocational education
"Vyatka Electrical Mechanical Engineering College"
Essay
on the topic “Why do people use jargon in their speech?”
The work was completed by a 1st year student
Fedorov D.A.
Kirov 2010
Introduction_______________________________________________2
From the history of jargons______________________________4
Types of social dialects:______________________
- Thieves' jargon_________________________________5
- Fenya_______________________________________________6
- Argo ________________________________________________7
- Slang_______________________________________________8
- Professional jargon___________________9
- Checkmate_______________________________________________10
- Youth slang__________________________11
- Schoolchildren's jargon______________________________13
- Computer slang___________________________15
10. Panovsky (Albanian) language_______________16
Is jargon “useful” or “harmful”?___________________17
Conclusion_______________________________________________19
References______________________________20
INTRODUCTION
The last decade of the past century was marked by dramatic changes in our linguistic life. And one of them is freer use of words. This freedom is found not only in the speeches of rally speakers and political figures, not only under the pen of a journalist, but also in the everyday speech practice of ordinary speakers of the Russian language.
The literary norm has become more tolerant of colloquial usage, slang words, and new foreign borrowings.
We often hear the words “argot”, “jargon”, “slang”. And we often use jargon in our speech, which, in the opinion of some, clogs it, and in the opinion of others, we transform the literary Russian language.
But what is jargon, where did it come from and is it necessary? I will try to answer these questions.
First, I would like to note that the word jargon means:
- Jargon is an obsolete name for the Yiddish language;
- Jargon - gemstone, yellow zircon with diamond shine;
- Jargon is a social dialect.
Let's focus on the latter. Each scientist dealing with this issue defines this concept in his own way. I will give the opinions of philologists on this matter.
Jargon (French jargon, presumably from Gallo-Roman gargone - chatter)- social dialect; differs from the general spoken language in specific vocabulary and phraseology, expressiveness of turns and special use of word-formation means, but does not have its own phonetic and grammatical system (Big Encyclopedic Dictionary / Chief editor V. N. Yartsev. - 2nd ed. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia", 1998. - 685 pp.: ill.).
“Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” edited by S.G. Barkhudarova interprets this term “as conventional language any small social group that differs from the national language in vocabulary, but does not have its own phonetic and grammatical system, which does not allow jargon to become an independent language. Jargon is neither accepted nor normative. A D.E. Rosenthal holds much the same opinion, but believes that jargon is argot with a hint of derogation.
Jargon vocabulary is being builton the basis of the literary language through rethinking, metaphorization, redesign, sound truncation, etc., as well as the active assimilation of foreign words and morphemes.
The main function of jargonconsists in expressing belonging to a relatively autonomous social group through the use of specific words, forms and phrases.
FROM THE HISTORY OF JARGON
A variety of jargons have the same origin story. From explanatory dictionary Vladimir Dahl knows that the jargon arose from the language of peddlers:
Ofenya (afenya) is a merchant of small items traveling through the villages with haberdashery and manufactured goods, books, popular prints, mainly from the peasants of the Vladimir province, etc.(there is also an assumption that they arose from an almost extinct nation - the Athenians).And since they always had different goods and money, they were often attacked by robbers. Ofeni came up with a unique language that only they themselves could understand - Ofensky This encrypted language was passed on to children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. And ordinary people liked it so much that it gradually began to be used by beggars, prostitutes, horse thieves and simply highway robbers, against whom the language was originally conceived. This language was no longer only used to communicate, but also to encrypt oral and written information, not wanting to divulge secrets. The jargon penetrated the gangs of thieves and was in shackles in Kalyma. This is how the Thieves' Jargon appeared. Hence another name for the slang - fenya (talk about a hairdryer).
- Thieves' jargon- a social dialect that developed among declassed elements of society, as a rule, criminals. It is a system of terms and expressions designed to initially identify participants in a criminal community as a separate part of society, opposing itself to a law-abiding society. The use of terms and expressions also aims to make it difficult for the uninitiated to understand the meaning of a conversation or communication between declassed elements. Thieves' jargon, as a rule, reflects the internal hierarchy of the criminal world, assigning the most offensive and offensive words, nicknames, etc. to those who are at the lowest level of the hierarchy, and the most respectful words and expressions to those who have the greatest power and influence.
During the USSR, many writers and poets (for example, Alexander Solzhenitsyn) were repressed and ended up in prison. They described prison life, and many words of thieves' jargon became literary.
Examples:
Ara is a person of Armenian nationality.
A troublemaker is an instigator of quarrels.
Cormorant - 1) an inexperienced thief; 2) hooligan; 3) small speculator;4) a man lured into a brothel for the purpose of stealing money or valuables from him.
The Jew is a smart convict.
Forge - mark cards.
Lying down is the location of the criminal.
Malyutka is a minor thief, a student of an experienced criminal.
Teddy bear is a small safe.
To congratulate is to deliver an unexpected blow.
A hard worker is an honest working person.
- Fenya - a language that was formed in Rus' during the Middle Ages and was originally used by itinerant Ofen traders. Ofeni created new language, inventing new roots and abandoning traditional Russian morphology and using the language to communicate “not for the ears of others.” Subsequently, the language was adopted by the criminal environment, and currently Fenya is called thieves' jargon.
Babai is an old man; moneylender; Asian.
Wolf is a law enforcement officer.
Nits - 1) nonentity; 2) a prisoner who does not know how to stand up for himself.
Give it to your teeth so that smoke comes out - let it light.
Zhigan is a repeat offender; desperate thief
Stuff clothes - sell stolen goods.
Kaperka is a gathering of thieves.
Lemoning means not returning what you have lost.
Malinka –1) sleeping pills; 2) a mixture of various drugs.
A mark is an invisible mark on a card, detectable only by touch.
Solyony is Armenian.
To scare away a sparrow is to break the lock.
Solid – experienced, reliable.
He went to the left and was shot.
Violets are money.
Fryer - 1) an inexperienced criminal; 2) money person; 3) a well-dressed person.
Seagull - white cap.
Devil from troubled waters – 1) suspicious; 2) an experienced security officer.
P.S. Now Fenya is perceived as thieves' jargon.
- Argo (from the French argot) - the language of a socially closed group of people, characterized by the specificity of the vocabulary used, the originality of its use, but not having its own phonetic and grammatical system.
Jargon and argot should not be confused. Jargon usually has a professional attachment, but argot can be used regardless of profession. For example, in modern French many slang words are used by both inner-city youth and college-educated managers.
Often “argot” refers to the language of declassed groups of society, the language of thieves, vagabonds and beggars. In fact, Argo has become synonymous with the word “fenya”. Argo does not constitute an independent system and is reduced to specific word usage within common language. Argo interacts with jargon and vernacular, forming a special lexical layer - slang. Argo is often identified with the concept of a secret language.
Common words from narcotic slang:
Astral - a strange and unusual state of intoxication. Most often applied to the intoxication of LSD or hallucinogenic mushrooms. Used in combinations: go to the astral plane, get stuck in the astral plane.
Weight - wax paper with 1 gram of heroin.
Messenger - petty drug dealer.
Withered, withered - characteristics of an epileptic seizure, loss of consciousness or death associated with taking the drug (“... Kolya caught up and withered”).
Yogi - LSD addict, techno-disco visitor.
Music, music - in prison slang it meant strong tea, chifir. Today, after drugs have become the “property” of nightclubs, this word can mean any psychoactive substance.
- Slang (from the English slang) - a terminological field, a set of special words or new meanings of already existing words, used in various human associations (professional, social, age groups).
Examples:
Pilot (tight release)- Demonstration material presenting a new project. As a rule, it has a finished look and format similar to a new project.
Luber - a representative of a bodybuilding-aggressive punk from the city of Lyubertsy.
Carlson - Fan-cooler for 486-586 processor.
Otkhodnyak - a state of drug hangover.
Synopsis - Summary script. Presentation of the main story, plot.
Exclusive – 1) For the agency – exclusive rights to represent the interests of the actor; 2) For the relationship between the advertising customer and the actor - a temporary restriction for the actor in the right to film advertising on a particular topic. To be paid separately. The amount of payment for an exclusive usually exceeds the fees for shooting days.
- Professional jargon
It is a set of simplified (shortened or figurative) words to denote concepts often used by people in a certain circle of occupations (commonly accepted terms, as a rule, are long and inconvenient for conversation, or do not exist at all). Exists in almost all professional groups. In terms of word formation methods, it is similar to “ordinary” jargon, but serves not so much to express membership in a group, but rather for ease of communication.
The reasons for the creation of conditionally professional languages are as follows:
- People want to communicate with each other in the presence of strangers, while remaining misunderstood;
- The desire to hide the secrets of one’s craft and trade;
- The need for isolation from hostile forces;
- Striving for verbal expressiveness.
Examples:
Dural is the abbreviated name for the aluminum alloy “Duralumin”.
Chief accountant - chief accountant.
Subwoofer – separate speaker system for reproducing the lowest frequencies.
Portfolio – a set of demonstration materials.
Sketch (English sketch, literally - sketch, draft, sketch), in the 19th - early 20th centuries. a short play with two, rarely three characters. The sketch became most widespread on the stage. On Russian television (“Our Russia”, “Six Frames”, “Give Youth!”, “Dear Program”, “Gentleman Show”, “Distant Relatives”, “Town”... The famous creator of sketches was A.P. Chekhov.
- Mat (foul language, obscene language) - a type of profanity in Russian and others Slavic languages. According to the Code of Administrative Offenses Russian Federation, public use of swear words can be regarded as petty hooliganism (Article 20.1), punishable by a fine or administrative arrest. However, nowadays the use of swear words is not uncommon in all strata and age and gender groups of society. IN modern literature it is also widespread. There are also known earlier cases of the use (in the form of “puzzles” with dots) of swearing in literature, in particular, in the works of classical authors: Pushkin, Mayakovsky, etc. Intricate and profane swearing is called a three-story swearing, or, for example, a particular variety: big and a small boat bend.
Examples:
A.S. Pushkin “The Cart of Life”:
In the morning we get into the cart;
We're happy to break our heads
And, despising laziness and bliss,
We shout: let's go! fuck your mother.
ON THE. Nekrasov “Contemporaries”:
I was afraid of Dernitsyn's project;
Sings about public benefit
And in my soul - the ideals of Plotitsyn!
Don't gape - he'll screw you up.
V.V. Mayakovsky “To you”:
Is it for you, who love women and dishes,
Give life for pleasure?
I'd rather be in the whore's bar
serve pineapple water.
- Youth slang- a social dialect of people aged 13 - 23 years old, which arose from opposition not so much to the older generation as to the official system. It occurs among urban students and certain closed groups.
Peculiarities
Youth slang, like any other, is only a lexicon on the phonetic and grammatical basis of the national language, and is distinguished by a colloquial and sometimes rudely familiar coloring. The most developed semantic fields are “Person”, “Appearance”, “Clothing”, “Home”, “Leisure”. Most of the elements are various abbreviations and derivatives from them, as well as English borrowings or phonetic associations. Characteristic feature What distinguishes youth slang from other types is its rapid variability, explained by the change of generations.
Story
Three stormy waves are noted in the development of youth slang in Russia.
- 20s. The first wave is associated with the appearance of a huge number of street children in connection with the revolution and civil war. The speech of teenagers and young people was colored by a lot of “thieves” words gleaned from them.
- 50s. The second wave is associated with the appearance of “hipsters”.
- 70-80s. The third wave is associated with a period of stagnation, which gave rise to various informal youth movements and “hippie” young people created their own “systemic” slang as a linguistic gesture of opposition to the official ideology.
Currently, the development of youth slang is greatly influenced by computerization (transferring meaning, ideas, and images with the advent of the computer received additional opportunities compared to writing and printing).
I decided to ask the students of our technical school what words from youth slang they use in their speech. Here's what happened:
To drink is to get drunk.
Google – search the Internet using the Google search engine.
To hang out - to be (rest) somewhere.
To stir up - to organize.
Klakha is the class teacher.
To mess up - to mess up.
Nepret - bad luck.
Lower - humiliate.
Fuck off - leave me alone.
Rodaki are parents.
Cigars - cigarettes.
Studen – student ID.
The brake is stupid; slow.
Stick around – stay.
Uchaga is a primary vocational educational institution.
To eat - to eat.
Clearly - praise.
- Schoolchildren's slang
The vocabulary of schoolchildren's jargon includes words thematically related to the following four areas: school area; leisure sector; sphere of life; scope of assessment.
1. Schoolchildren’s jargon and the school sphere.
Words of the first sphere can be divided into the following groups:
Teachers' names: algebroid, physicist, hysterical, chemical.
Names of academic subjects: physical education, literature, pinglish (English), geos (geometry), etc.
Names of other realities of the educational process: spur (cheat sheet), cram, shamovochnaya (dining room), Kamchatka, Chukotka (back desks).
2. Schoolchildren’s jargon and the sphere of leisure.
In the jargon of schoolchildren, the sphere of leisure includes such words as: vidak, mafon, clipping, disc, discach, pop, rock, pop music, gop-company, vodyara, sidekick, party, nix, dunk, wave, etc. The words of this group are characterized by the predominance of words borrowed from other jargons, in particular the jargon of musicians (to a lesser extent) and informal groups(to a greater extent, since the lexemes of this group are most susceptible to the influence of fashion and are a variable component of schoolchildren’s jargon).
3. Schoolchildren’s jargon and everyday life.
Words related to the sphere of everyday life can be divided into several groups:
Lexemes naming parts of the body: visa, melon, card - face; pakshi, stumps, rakes, claws, wings - hands; pot, head of cabbage, cabin, kettle - head; skis, chassis, sandals, brakes - legs; These words are characterized by the greatest traditionalism.
Lexemes that name clothes, shoes and accessories: jops, gins - jeans; skin, leather jacket, bomber jacket; sweatshirts - socks. These lexemes were widespread in the slang of young people belonging to informal groups.
Lexemes naming various household appliances: kompik - computer; keyboard - keyboard; throw off, transfer - copy to a floppy disk; mouse, myshara - mouse. These lexemes are innovations in the jargon of schoolchildren. The words: vidak, mafon, player are much more common.
4. The scope of assessment in schoolchildren's jargon.
Words in the sphere of evaluation can be divided into two groups: vocatives and evaluative vocabulary proper. Vocatives are included in the sphere of evaluation because slang addresses are always expressive and express an attitude towards the one being named.
Quite belongs to the group of vocatives a large number of words Here you can trace the interaction of student youth with all social strata and all age categories: from small (trifle, puppies) to large (father, dad, dad). Curious appeal as Lohidze is the face of Caucasian nationality, it is also black, black -haired. IN youth environment popular name - Nike, after the name of the company that produces sportswear with stripes of this word on English language: nike. Addresses such as: kents, peppers, dude, stick, brother, brother are used by schoolchildren when communicating with each other and therefore are used most often. As for the evaluative vocabulary itself, it is characterized by the presence of lexemes with a pronounced positive or negative evaluation.
Expressive vocabulary is represented in schoolchildren's jargon mainly by adverbs, words of the state category and, to a lesser extent, by adjectives. For example: chic, shine, awesome, cool, super, crowning, brutal, cool, monstrous, amazing, nice - positive assessment; primato, shit, shameful, left, dregs, mura - negative assessment.
- Computer slang- a type of slang used both by a professional group of IT specialists and by other computer users.
The entry of slang into the language
As in the professional language of computer scientists, there are many English borrowings in the jargon. These are often borrowed from English computer jargon. An example is the word “gamer” - from the English jargon gamer, where a gamer is a player in computer games or “doomer” - from doomer - is a fan of the game Doom.
Examples:
Unlim - unlimited tariff (for Internet access).
Asya is an ICQ program (used for online communication).
Bot is short for “Robot”.
Vidyukha is a video card.
Toad – Java (programming language).
Ignore is a state assigned to an unwanted interlocutor (in online communication programs, forums, chat rooms).
Lamer is a bad player, a “teapot”.
Lag is a delay in the passage of information between the user’s computer and the server (often in online computer games).
Stump is a computer with an Intel Pentium processor.
Shooter is a genre of computer game.
- "Padonkovsky", or "Albanian" language- spread on the RuNet in beginning of XXI century, the style of using the Russian language with phonetically almost correct, but deliberately incorrect spelling of words (the so-called errative), frequent use of obscenities and certain cliches characteristic of slangs. Most often used when writing comments on texts in blogs, chats and web forums. Slang has given rise to many stereotypical expressions and Internet memes, in particular, the “preved” meme is associated with it.
Examples:
Bayan - a “bearded” joke, a stale joke or message (derived from the old joke “they buried their mother-in-law - they tore two button accordions”).
To Babruisk, animal! - get away, creature!
Kreo - creativity, creativity.
Lulz - funny, funny.
NZChT - you're welcome.
Ftopku - away, down (low assessment of something/someone).
Horror - horror, nightmare (an expression of horror, often a parody of horror).
This one is five! - expression of admiration (for example, the author’s creativity).
I have not touched on many types of jargons, less well-known but no less interesting popular ones and those that have just appeared. For example, cell phone subscriber jargon, army jargon,marine slang, slang of drug addicts, soldier slang, student slang, gaming slang, network slang, slang of participants in intellectual games, slang of football hooligans, slang of divers,slang of businessmen, drug addicts, fans of Japanese art - anime, slang of beggars, even representatives of non-traditional sexual orientation.I told you only about a small number of social dialects, this is a drop in the ocean. In fact, there are as many dialects as there are groups.
Is jargon “helpful” or “harmful”?
Social dialects develop among more or less closed groups: schoolchildren, students, military personnel, and various professional groups. These jargons should not be confused with professional languages, which are characterized by a highly developed and fairly accurate terminology of a particular craft, branch of technology, as well as “thieves’ jargons,” the language of declassed, criminal elements of society. Jargons are lexically and stylistically heterogeneous, characterized by instability and rapid change of the most popular vocabulary.
Over time (especially in the 20th century), the pace of life has accelerated. Accordingly, the vocabulary grows, because each new concept must correspond to at least one word. The slang dictionary is expanding accordingly. Slang, faster than other linguistic layers, reflects the tendency for “compression” in a word.
New words also arise in order to refresh old concepts. Also, jargons penetrate into fiction to describe characters more colorfully. But at the same time, jargon merges with the literary language, mixes with it, and sometimes we cannot distinguish the “correct” word from the “pepper” one. Not just democratization, but also ‘vulgarization’ plays a significant role in the emergence of new words. public life, and the means mass media(especially television, which everyone watches) especially contribute to this. Jargon is crowding out respectable speech and thanks to popular culture leaves its mark on the language of the entire nation.
In addition to jargons that arise on the basis of the common language, there are those that appear as a result of communication between multilingual populations in border areas or in places where a multinational population gathers, for example, in seaports.
But everything in this life is needed for something. So why, for what, who and in what situations might jargon be needed?
1) When a person seeks to destroy formality for easier mutual understanding or when one wants closer communication. For example, this phrase belongs to the owner of a large company: “Why are you huddling in the corners? Shall we grab a hundred grams?”
2) When you want to demonstrate your breadth of knowledge: “As they say knowledgeable people" and etc.
H) When you want to achieve the maximum effect of what you say.
CONCLUSION
Jargons unite people of the same occupation, and in the case of youth jargon, people of the same age. Although studying at school or college is also a type of activity. But schoolchildren are growing up - and it is quite possible that in a few decades “lace” or “hawala” will become common words for the “great and mighty.” I believe that everything should be in moderation and in its place.
Here, it seemed like a decent word - “manhole”. But no, it was once just as informal and had the same meaning as the current word “brake”. Diverging slightly from the Russian language, I will say that in some languages there are also similar transformations. So, French word tete (head) comes from the Latin testa. But in Latin the head was called caput, and teata meant “hard shell.” So in modern Russian the head is called either a filly or a skull.
Social project“Jargonisms in the speech of students at our school” (as part of the regional stage of the republican competition of research projects “I am a citizen of Russia”
From work experience,
literature of higher qualification
I am a citizen of Russia. We say these words with pride. We know how much time demands from us, young citizens of Russia. Life picks up pace every year, and it’s impossible to stay away from public affairs: politics, economics, social problems and, of course, from everything that makes up the spiritual sphere of life in our society. And this is, first of all, language.
Language is the main means of communication between people. It arose in ancient times in the process of their joint labor activity. He helped people understand each other, work together, exchange knowledge and information.
Much attention is paid to the protection and development of the language in our state: in 2002, the educational campaign “Pure Word” was announced and continues to operate in our republic; 2007 in the Russian Federation was declared the year of the Russian language, May 20, 2005 State Duma The Federal Law on the State Language of the Russian Federation was adopted, in which Article 1, paragraph 5 states: “Protection and support of the Russian language as state language The Russian Federation contributes to the increase and mutual enrichment of the spiritual culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation.”
Human speech is the embodiment, the realization of language. The more different words a speaker uses, the more beautiful and richer his speech. And vice versa, if the vocabulary is poor, then the speech of such a person is clumsy, wretched, and primitive. But along with the clumsiness and primitiveness of speech, we increasingly began to encounter such phenomena in the speech of young people as illiteracy, incoherence, rudeness, foul language, jargon, with which we, unfortunately, have all become accustomed. But it has been noted that speech pollution can provoke spiritual coarsening and denial of the spiritual values of our society. This is what determines the relevance of the project “Jargonisms in the speech of students at our school,” which was carried out by members of the additional education association “Art of Words” under the guidance of students in grades 9 B and 9 C.
The goal of the project is to analyze the quality of schoolchildren’s speech from the point of view of the quantitative use of jargon in speech.
Project objectives:
· define the concept of “jargon”;
· determine the functions of jargon;
· conduct a survey to identify the frequency and reason for the use of jargon, and the attitude of schoolchildren towards them;
· stimulate the active citizenship of students in relation to language problems.
Having decided on the topic, purpose, and objectives of the project, we put forward a hypothesis: jargon is a frequently used lexical variety, the reason for its use is to attract the attention of others and poverty of speech. And also, after discussing, we determined the research methods. We needed to select and analyze literature on the problem, observe the speech of schoolchildren and adults, conduct conversations with them and conduct questionnaires among school students.
We were divided into creative groups, each of which had its own task:
- analyze the literature on the project problem; study the concept of “jargon”, its functions; think through the survey questions and conduct the survey; process the survey results; summarize research work– presentation of the project.
So, what have we learned about jargon and its functions?
Jargon is the second name for objects or phenomena that already have a generally accepted literary name, for example, “buza” instead of “mess”, “shamat” instead of “is”. Jargon is beyond the bounds of literary language, it is stylistic limited vocabulary. The function of jargon is its use in fiction for the purpose of verbal characterization of a character or creating the desired flavor . The source of jargon is professional speech (for example, pilots, sailors, doctors, prisoners, etc.). Slang words make up a negligible percentage in relation to the vocabulary of the national language. They clog the tongue.
At one of the club classes, we thought through the questions of the questionnaire. They were next.
Do you use slang words in your speech? Do you use them often? In what setting or situation do you use them?
4. How do you feel about the use of slang words in speech by your peers?
5. Do you hear jargon in the speech of adults?
6. Why do you think you (your peers) use slang words?
Then we conducted a survey in which 150 schoolchildren from grades 6 to 11 took part, and processed the questionnaires. The results were as follows:
- They use jargon in different settings and situations:
a) in everyday life - 28%;
b) in communication with peers on the street, at school – 83%;
c) at home and at school – 5% of schoolchildren.
The following figures make you think about the attitude of children towards the use of jargon:
88% hear jargon in the speech of adults, 7% do not. These are also alarming numbers. And finally, the reasons for using jargon in speech were indicated by the following:
Desire to appear grown up – 17.3%;
Attract the attention of others – 16%;
Poverty of vocabulary – 16.6%;
3% indicated bad manners;
3% believe that it is impossible to survive without them now, life is like that;
3% for a bunch of words.
Thus, the survey results confirmed our hypothesis that jargon is common occurrence in the speech of our schoolchildren, and the supposed reasons for its use were also confirmed: the desire to seem like an adult, the desire to attract the attention of others, and the poverty of vocabulary. After all, a meager vocabulary forces a person to abuse slang words. And the desire of young people to attract the attention of others is explained by the desire of boys and girls to be more relaxed in speech, to move away from stereotypes in expressing thoughts and feelings, and to be impressed by jargon as a means of communication that is appropriate to their age and distinguishes them from adults as a social group.
Having analyzed the results of our activities during the project, we came to the following conclusions:
1) jargon clogs our speech, makes it difficult to understand between people, and is unable to express the diversity of human thoughts and feelings;
2) it is necessary to “fight” for the purity of speech, not to allow an indifferent attitude, because jargon is accompanied by a special worldview and behavior that leads to spiritual poverty. After all, as K. Paustovsky said: “We learn language and must learn it before last days our life";
3) we acquired research skills.
The final stage of our work on the project was the identification of prospects:
· hold a number of events, competitions, and essays at school dedicated to the purity of speech;
· carry out the “Clean Word” campaign on a village scale;
· implement new research project"Nicknames."
References:
Once again about the culture of speech. // A red star. – 19.., Czech for Russian language classes in high school. – M.: education, 2003 About the culture of speech. // Education of schoolchildren. – 1989. - No. 3 From swear words to corrosion of the spirit. // Republic of Tatarstan . – 2001. – 22.11. Let's talk about the purity of language. // Oil news. – 2007. - No. 12
Research work on the Russian language on the topic:
"Jargonisms in our speech."
Completed by: Sofia Egorova, 9th grade student of the Ust-Altan Secondary School
Project manager: Elena Samsonovna Malakshinova,
teacher of Russian language and literature
Subject: Russian language
The goal of the project: to analyze the speech of modern schoolchildren from the point of view of their use of commonly used and restricted vocabulary and to determine ways to replenish the vocabulary of students at my school.
Project objectives:
Determine the place of uncommon vocabulary in students’ speech.
Define the concepts of “jargon” and “slang”.
Conduct sociological research(questioning) among middle school students in order to determine: the range of the most common slang words,
reasons for schoolchildren’s use of jargon.
Systematize the material.
Hypothesis: in the speech of students, vocabulary that is limited in use predominates: slang, jargon - frequently used means in the speech of schoolchildren, their use is associated with the desire to stand out among people, to be modern; slang words form semantic groups associated with the life and activities of schoolchildren.
Methods and techniques: reading and analysis scientific literature, questionnaires, analysis of questionnaires, collection of frequently used profanity. The results of the study will be presented in the form of a report at a Russian language lesson.
Object of study: students of grades 5-9 of the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution "Ust-Altan Secondary School"
.
Content
Introduction 1. Explanatory note 1.1. Area of study, object of study. 1.2.Relevance of the topic.
1.3. Formulation of the purpose and objectives of the study. 1.4. Stages of research. Research methods.
2. Theoretical research 2.1. What is slang?
2.2. Youth slang.
2.3. Reasons for using slang.
3. Practical research 3.1. Conducting a survey of students to determine: the range of the most common slang words,
frequency of jargon use,
clarifying the attitude of schoolchildren to youth slang.
4. Conclusion
5. List of references used
6. . Applications
Introduction
From first to eleventh grade we study Russian. This is one of the most difficult school subjects. But no one doubts that it is necessary to study Russian. Who needs? For me, my friends and classmates, those who will come to school after us. To my children, grandchildren. I sincerely believe that the Russian language is “great and powerful” because it is the language of Pushkin, Gogol, Chekhov and other classics of Russian literature.
However, what do we hear today from the lips of modern youth?
“You have a cool outfit,” “We had a great time hanging out today.” What is the “greatness” and “power” of the language of modern youth and schoolchildren? Fight them or accept them? This contradiction contributed to the emergence of interest in the study of students’ vocabulary and determined the problem of my research.
1. Explanatory note
1.1. The area of research is jargon and youth slang as a layer of vocabulary closely related to the life of a modern schoolchild. The object of the study is the oral speech of students at my school. The base of the study is students in grades 5-9
MBOU "Ust-Altan Secondary School"
1.2. Relevance: - limited vocabulary is common among schoolchildren, but its origin is not sufficiently represented in school textbooks of the Russian language; - youth slang and jargon are phenomena that are present everywhere, and familiarity with them will help expand knowledge about the lexical composition of the language and deepen knowledge of the Russian language in general ; - the study of vocabulary that is limited in use allows you to connect linguistic knowledge with life, increases observation and teaches you to find interesting and unexplored things around you; - work on the topic allows you to find out the attitude of schoolchildren to youth slang, as well as identify the reasons for students using such vocabulary. 1.3. Purpose of the study: to analyze the speech of modern schoolchildren from the point of view of their use of commonly used and restricted vocabulary and to determine ways to replenish the vocabulary of students at my school.
Hypothesis:
in the speech of students, vocabulary that is limited in use predominates: slang, jargon - frequently used means in the speech of schoolchildren, their use is associated with the desire to stand out among people, to be modern; slang words form semantic groups associated with the life and activities of schoolchildren. Is it so?
Tasks:
Determine the composition of groups of commonly used vocabulary in the speech of schoolchildren.
Define "slang".
Conduct a sociological study (questionnaire) among schoolchildren in grades 5-9 in order to determine:
- a range of the most common words of youth slang and slang words;
- reasons for the use of slang and jargon by schoolchildren.
Analyze the survey results and place conclusions in diagrams.
Draw conclusions on the research topic.
Make a computer presentation.
1.4. Research stages:
-Studying scientific literature, selection of theoretical material.
-Conducting surveys, processing results.
-Writing a project.
-Creating a computer presentation
Research methods: - method of collecting information (studying popular scientific literature, observation);
- collection of vocabulary; - questioning; - analysis, comparison; - statistical research (counting, calculations).
2. Theoretical research.
VOCABULARY
The vocabulary of the Russian language in terms of the scope of its use can be displayed in the table:
If the word in modern Russian
used freely
unlimited
not included freely
vocabulary used
used in a certain field of activity (science, office work, etc.): hyphen, rasp, overlap, scalpel, easel, used by a certain group of people to name objects that have their own names in the literary language: packaged (rich), wheelbarrow (machine) ), computer (computer)
used in a certain territory:
golitsy (mittens), beetroot (beets), gai (forest)
Common vocabulary
Professional vocabulary
Dialectal vocabulary
Slang vocabulary
Many words in the Russian language are known to all the people and are used by everyone. These words are commonly used, for example: water, earth, sky, bird; green, blue, long; walk, think, talk. But there are words in the Russian language that not everyone knows and uses in their speech. These are not common words. Non-common vocabulary includes dialectal, professional, slang words and words of youth slang.
2.1 What is slang?
There are several definitions of slang.
Slang is the speech of a group united by common interests, containing many words and expressions that differ from the common language and are not completely understandable to others.
Slang is a variant of colloquial speech that does not coincide with the norm of the literary language. What is slang for?
Slang makes speech more concise, emotionally expressive, the speaker can more fully and freely express his feelings and emotions. (Let’s compare two expressions. In bookish, literary language: “I feel a strong pleasant feeling from this song.” In slang: “I’m just in awe of this song!”) The most successful definition of slang, in my opinion, is this:
Slang - words that live in modern language full life, but considered undesirable for use in literary language.
2.2.Youth slang
Youth slang is a social dialect of people aged 13-30 years old, which arose from opposition to the older generation and the official system, and is distinguished by a colloquial and sometimes rudely familiar coloring
In my opinion, the concept of school slang is a type of speech that does not coincide with the norm of the literary language, used by a narrow circle of people united by common interests, activities, and position in society. From this definition it follows that slang refers to vocabulary of a limited scope and is used mainly in oral communication. Slang was, is and will be in school vocabulary. It can neither be prohibited nor abolished. It changes over time, some words die, others appear, just like in any other language. Of course, it’s bad if slang completely replaces a person’s normal speech. But it’s impossible to imagine a modern schoolchild without slang at all. The main advantages here are expressiveness and brevity.
It is no coincidence that slang is currently used in the press and even in literature (and not only in the detective genre) to add liveliness to speech. Even high-ranking government officials use slang expressions in their speeches. Therefore, one cannot treat slang as something that only pollutes the Russian language. This is an integral part of our speech.
2.3 Reasons for using slang.
Slang is a type of non-literary speech. Slang is most often used by teenagers and young adults.
Let's assume that slang in students' speech is a means of everyday speech. The question arises: why do schoolchildren talk this way, why has slang become firmly established in everyday life?
To answer this question, I conducted a language study: I surveyed students and conducted observations (in lessons, during breaks, and outside of school). I found out that students in grades 5-9 at my school actively use slang in their speech, which is characterized by a bright expressive and stylistic coloring, so it easily turns into everyday speech, into vernacular speech.
In the questionnaires, I asked to indicate the words that the guys use most often. Analysis of the research work and my observations made it possible to identify the following semantic groups of slang in students’ speech:
Group name Examples
1 Body parts rake (hands), pack, tower (head), blinker (eyes), mitten (mouth), locators (ears); 2 Words denoting people by profession: teacher (teacher), vodila (driver), historian (teacher) history), cop (policeman);
3 Appliances box, telly (TV), mobile, cell phone ( mobile phone), computer (computer), laptop (laptop);
4 Transport motik, motak (motorcycle), great (bicycle), wheelbarrow (car), nine, ten, ferret (car models)5 Words denoting people by kinship ancestors, relatives, (parents), papan, folder (dad), maman (mother), sister (sister), bratva (friends), bratukha, bratok (brother), man (boyfriend)6 Study homework ( homework), deuce (score “2”), nickel (score “5”), kontroshka7 Food products havka, havat, havchik, zhrachka (food), magaz, magazik (shop), canteen (dining room)
8 Money grandma, loot, bucks, thing, tweet9 Words-evaluations cool, cool, lafa, nishtyak, hurt, buzz (good, excellent), cool (interesting), cool (excellent), hundred pounds, specifically (exactly), according in kind, really (true), really (admiration), shameful, dumb, sucks (bad, ugly), lucky (lucky), garbage (very simple)
10 Verbs get off, get rid of, unhook, get off (go away, leave me alone), talk (talk), joke (joke), load (bother), break off (failure), go crazy, be stunned (surprised), stir up, prick (deceive), tear off (get it), have fun (relax), go crazy, trudge (very good), slip away, reel off (escape), stare, stare (look), smile (smile), load (bother, pester), sew, hammer (kill), disappear, fade (go away), run over (threaten);11 Words denoting people by their quality of character: rat, ram, pig, dog, elk, sucker, loshara, brake, six, woodpecker, goat, schmuck, big guy, cow, big guy
As a result of the study, it was found that students actively use slang in their speech. The use of non-literary vocabulary is most often observed when schoolchildren communicate with each other and when expressing any feeling (surprise - cool!, delight - wow!, irritation - back off, etc.) But an interesting fact is that sometimes without context , very often these words and expressions are accompanied by facial expressions and gestures. Because without them it can be difficult to understand the meaning of a statement. This is confirmed by the fact that 7th grade students were not able to find all the matches to slang words and expressions (for example, the word “go crazy” without application to some situation turned out to be difficult to explain). Depending on the situation, words can express a variety of, even opposite, emotions: disappointment, irritation, surprise, joy. For example: Well, damn it, come on! (surprise), Don't bother me, damn it (irritation), Great, damn it! (delight), etc. Students believe that the emotions and feelings that overwhelm them cannot be expressed in literary language (one of the reasons for using slang).
3. Case studies
3.1. Conducting a survey of students to determine
The question I asked the students seemed logical: “Why do you use slang?” It turned out that the most popular answers were “It’s fashionable, modern”, “It helps to assert oneself.” I realized that the guys, using slang, follow fashion, they are afraid of seeming funny, a “black sheep” if they start speaking in literary language. In addition, there is an element of self-affirmation, a kind of protest against the surrounding reality.
The second most popular answer: “Slang makes speech clearer to friends.” Several people responded that slang adds liveliness and humor to speech. To the question: “When you grow up, will you use slang?”, many answered no. This suggests that the use of slang by adults is unacceptable, in their opinion, and at the same time seems to confirm the thesis that slang is largely a youth phenomenon. At the same time, I found it interesting to observe the qualitative use of slang: fifth- and sixth-graders most often use words expressing emotional assessment (cool, cool, cool) and words related to school life (fizra, liter); high school students expressed the idea that when strangers(adults, teachers) try not to use slang in their speech.
From conversations with adults, I found out that before, when they were at school, slang was present. They named the following words: damn it, state assessment, bullshit, spur, but the use of these expressions was low, these words were not “thrown around” openly, it was considered shameful to utter an unliterary word out loud in front of an adult. The teachers at our school know a lot of modern slang words, some sometimes use them as a joke.
4. Conclusion.
In my work, I tried to explain the reasons for the use of slang as an element of students’ everyday speech. The kids at my school actively use non-literary vocabulary in their speech. The study of uncommon vocabulary in speech proves the presence of slang, slang words and expressions in the vocabulary of schoolchildren.
Most of all, the children of my school use slang as an expressive means in their speech, considering it fashionable. Thus, they want to create their own world, different from the world of adults. It was also found that the use of slang is a kind of protest against the “gray” reality, it is an element of self-affirmation, the desire for independence and independence. An important factor is the influence of the media on a student’s speech. In addition, it has been established that schoolchildren treat slang as a temporary phenomenon in their speech. Some students did not think at all about how they spoke.
I found out that slang has existed for a long time (since the times of our mothers and grandmothers), but the degree of use of this phenomenon in the language has increased in our time. Therefore, the hypothesis that I put forward is correct - vocabulary that is limited in use predominates in students’ speech. In the first place are slang and jargon, while dialectisms and professionalisms are very rare. This means that our task is to learn to use this vocabulary appropriately in accordance with the communication situation. Be aware of the impossibility of its use in standardized speech. To get rid of the negative influence of vocabulary that is limited in use, you need to know well the norms of the literary language - the norms of pronunciation, stress, inflection, pronunciation.
6. List of used literature
S. I. Ozhegov. – Dictionary of the Russian language. - (edited by N. Yu. Shvedova), - M.: “Russian Language”, 1989
V.V. Volina I learn the world, the Russian language. - M.: AST, 1998.
3. D. E. Rosenthal M. A. Telenkova - Dictionary of linguistic terms (electronic version).
4. L.I. Skvortsov. Jargons / Russian language: encyclopedia. - M., 1979.
5. O.L. Soboleva. School Student's Handbook. 5-11 grades. Russian language/ M.: AST. 2003.
6. V.V. Sokolova. Culture of speech and culture of communication. - M.: Education, 1995.
7. Internet materials
7. Applications
Survey questions for students:
What is youth slang?
Do you know the words of youth slang? (Not really)
Do you use these words in your speech? (often, rarely, never)
Highlight the ones you use most often.
For what purpose do you use them?
a) You think it’s fashionable and modern.
b) Needed in speech to connect words. c) They help overcome the lack of words in my speech.
d) Make speech clearer for friends.
e) Help to assert oneself.
f) Add liveliness and humor to your speech.
7. Could you do without slang words and expressions?
a) Yes.
b) No.
c) I didn’t think about it.
8. Do you try to do without them?
a) Yes.
b) No.
c) I didn’t think about it.
Answer options 5th grade 6th grade 7th grade 8th grade 9th grade
yes 5% 8% 17% 50% 45%
No 10% 25% 30% - 25%
Didn't think about it 85% 67% 53% 50% 30%
The answers show that with age, students understand that their speech is incorrect and try to correct it. At the same time, students do not think about how they speak.
9. When you grow up, will you use slang?
a) Yes
b) No
c) I didn’t think about it
A sample survey of 6th and 7th grade students revealed their attitude to the use of jargon. A total of 14 people were interviewed.
When asked why students use jargon, the data presented in the table was obtained:
6th grade 7th grade total
A Fashionable, modern 4 3 7
B Needed in speech to connect words 2 2 4
В Make speech clearer 1 1 2
D Something else 1 - 1
Having considered this issue, you can do next output: the main reason for using jargon is to organize communication among peers, and it is also a “pursuit” of fashion and modernity. The everyday speech of schoolchildren is full of jargon and it is almost impossible to eliminate them. However, it is necessary to remember that slang vocabulary is not the vocabulary of a cultured, educated person, and one must always remember in what area verbal communication it is acceptable for use.
Writers and journalists sometimes use slang and argot vocabulary as one of the means of speech characterization of the hero, to show the characteristics and morals of a particular environment. Thus, N. G. Pomyalovsky’s use of Bursat jargon, often explained in detail, in “Essays on Bursa” helped the writer convey the gloomy flavor of the Bursat situation. Game of tricks, piss on Lenten, pfimfa.
Professional jargon, along with terms and professionalisms, can participate in the reproduction of a certain professional environment, introducing the special realities of this environment and at the same time with the colloquial designations of special explanations common in it. For example, in the story “In August 1944,” the writer V. Bogomolov introduced readers to some military jargon: props (to portray something for some purpose), parsh (paratrooper agent), etc.
Professional jargon also serves the same function in the newspaper (introduced, as a rule, into the speech of the characters, in the speech of the journalist they are highlighted graphically): Then someone shouted: -Pistols did not forget? This surprised me. About what “pistols “is there a conversation going on? It turns out that this is the name of the tackle for catching gobies in the sea; I press the brake pedal and take the levers. Too sharp - machine “bites ”.
As for the use of other types of jargon, they are usually used as a means of speech characterization.
In the author's speech (except for those cases when they are necessary for a realistic display of any environment), jargon can be used as a means of ridicule, ionization, etc.: He needs the manuscript, just as an experienced autogenous apparatus needsSchiffer for opening fireproof cash registers; Unfortunately for us, there was a benefactor nearby who needed to drive the shaft according to his talents. And my friend and I fell into the category of young talents. Or in modern terms,into the vein .
7 Computer jargon
Computer technologies, which have been rapidly developing since the second half of this century, and especially the massive invasion of our personal computer market in the mid-80s, have introduced into the language a huge number of special words and expressions, a rich branched terminology, for example: network card, microprocessor, operating system, formatting, installation, hard drive, pixels, dialog box, object (objectDelphi3.0 for example) etc. Many of these terms are Anglicisms, but there are also a considerable number of words of “domestic” origin.
Along with computer-related science and production, virtual entertainment has also entered the market: computer games. A well-made game is a complex organism that requires a certain level of professionalism from the player. Games are divided into types, given specific names, and often require a lot special terms and rules for designating various game processes (especially those with network capabilities, that is, the simultaneous participation of several people in the game): Quest, Strategy game, Flight simulator, multiplayer, deathmatch, frag etc.
As in any professional “language” among people who are in one way or another connected with computers, there are also unofficial designations for certain concepts, what can be called professional “argot” (or jargon).
Ways to form jargon:
A very common method (inherent in all jargon that stands next to certain terminology) is the transformation of a term, usually large in volume or difficult to pronounce. Here we can highlight 1) abbreviation: computer - computer, hard drive - screw, mac - mac.
2) Univerbation: motherboard - mother, strategy game - strategy, role-playing game– roller, inkjet printer – inkjet,
Zd studio max – max(the word is the name of the most popular program, not yet grammatically formed).
As in the professional language of computer scientists, there are many English borrowings in the jargon. These are often borrowed from English computer jargon:
Word Gamer- from English jargon Gamer(Professional computer game player). Smiley- a funny face, which is a sequence of punctuation marks (: - |). From eng. slang smiley.
Doumer –Doomer(fan of the game Doom).
The “fathers” of jargon can also be professional terms of English origin, which already have an equivalent in the Russian language: hard drive, hard drive, heavy drive –hard drive(hard drive), connect –to connect(join),programmer– programmer (programmer),user– user (user)to click– click (click. Although now “click” is starting to compete with “click”). The grammatical mastery of some borrowings by the Russian language is accompanied by their word-formation Russification. Zip (zip) - s ipovat, zipped, zipped, User (user) – user.
Interestingly, there is also the opposite phenomenon here. A jargon synonymous with the term appears, derived from a word that has long been entrenched in the Russian language: Vents - a contemptuous name for the operating systemWindows.
Borrowing, however, is by no means the only source of replenishment of the lexicon of a given lexical system. Some words come from the jargon of other professional groups, for example motorists: teapot (beginner user), engine (kernel, “engine”, programs. This word is also semantically equivalent to its English counterpart engine(engine)). Sometimes the computer processor is called motor, and the computer itself - by car. Word glitch And the word formation from it, widely used in youth slang, here receives the meaning of “unforeseen errors in the program or incorrect operation of the equipment.” Wed. “I have a printer
buggy,” or “Windows98 is a pretty buggy product.”
The method of metaphorization is very productive (which is widely used in all slang systems). With its help, words such as:
Crap - CD disk (already outdated).
Rat - Soviet-made mouse.
Reanimator – a specialist or a set of special programs to “bring back from a coma” a computer whose software is seriously damaged and it is not able to function normally.
Verbal metaphors are numerous: to brake– extremely slow operation of a program or computer, demolish or kill - delete information from the disk.
An interesting number of synonyms is associated with the process of disrupting the normal operation of a computer, when it does not respond to any commands other than the reset button. They say about such a computer, then it hung, hovered, stood up, fell, collapsed. Although the word freeze (a freeze occurred, in case of a freeze) Now it can already be excluded from jargon - it is officially used as a term. This is not the only example of the presence of synonyms in the jargon vocabulary; it is also worth noting: computer - wheelbarrow - device - computer - car, screw - hard drive - hard disk - hard drive.
You can also find the method of metonymy in the formation of jargon using the example of the word iron - in the meaning of “computer, components of a computer.” Buttons – meaning “keyboard”.
You can find examples of phraseological units, the motivation of the meaning in which is understandable only to the initiate: blue screen of death (error message textWindowson a blue background before hovering), a combination of three fingers or send to three fingers (Ctrl- alt- delete– emergency removal of any running program), trample loaves (work on the keyboardbutton- buttons).
A special place in computer jargon is occupied by words that do not have semantic motivation. They are in a relationship of partial homonymy with some common words (morphophonetic coincidences).
Lazar – Laser printer(Lazarus and laser)
Vaxa - operating systemVAX.
Pentyukh –Pentium.
Kwak - gameQuake
Many words in computer jargon are formed according to word-formation models adopted in the Russian language. The suffix k is a very common affix method.
Flewka
Shot ka
wanderedka
(Subsequently, these words were replaced by the terms simulator, quest, 3D action).
In the words “sidyuk” (compact disk or compact disc reader) or pisyuk - (PC) there is a suffix -yuk, characteristic of the vernacular.
The peculiar folklore of computer scientists is interesting, in which terminological vocabulary is used in a broad figurative sense. (data from 1992).
Cant’ open– refusal to fulfill any request. (Computer message that a file cannot be retrieved.)
Here is an example of an arrangement of a famous work:
How the Old Woman saw the Old Man -
I quarreled worse system massage:
“You fool, you simpleton!
I begged for OS, you fool,
I don't want to be a systems programmer
I want to do whatever my heart desires
So as not to mess with the assembler,
And write in pure Pascal
Various beautiful things...
You can often come across jokes, anecdotes, and puns specific to computer scientists: here are examples from the famous game GEG: corporationMacrohard (pomerphemic antonym of the word Microsoft), Gell Bates– (inversion of the first and last name of the head of Microprose Bill Gates), “Harry was sleeping, but he knew that at the first click of the mouse he would wake up.”
Computer jargon is an actively developing dynamic system (due to the unusually rapid progress of computer technologies). This is one of the ways of penetration of Anglicisms into the Russian language (sometimes completely unjustified). Many words from computer jargon become official terminology. Jargon exists not only in oral speech, not only in numerous electronic documents, letters and virtual conferences, they can also be found in print, they are often found in reputable computer publications: “...Monitors with a diagonal of at least 17 inches, with a “motor” "not weaker than pentium120...PC World (A. Orlov, December 1997). And you can find them in abundance in magazines dedicated to computer games, for example: “And there are monsters strafe no worse than anyone dumera.”(italics are mine. Game world navigator March 1998, article - Underlight). A significant component of the vocabulary, distinguished by a colloquial, crudely colloquial coloring, expressiveness characteristic of youth slang, indicates that among computer scientists there are a lot of young people.
