Message to the value of the Russian language in the modern world. The role and functions of the Russian language in the modern world. The position of the Russian language in the modern world

A huge role in modern society is played by Russian, because it is an international language (one of the six official and UN working languages).

Much attention is paid to the Russian language in society. The concern of society about the language is expressed in its codification, i.e. in streamlining language phenomena into a single set of rules.

Being one of the 3,000 applicable languages, it enters the group of the most common languages \u200b\u200bin the world and has an audience of over 100 million people. Interest in the state of the Russian language, its functioning on post-Soviet space due to the fact that Russian is, firstly, the most important factor in ensuring government interests and state security; secondly, it is a language of vital activity of almost thirty million Russian compatriots of neighboring countries; Thirdly, Russian is the strongest integrating factor in the post-Soviet space.

The problem of the functioning of the Russian language is inextricably linked with the support of Russian culture and education in Russian. In fact, language culture-formation is a triune organism. Health or Disease of any Hipostasis is inevitably affected by others.

Historical memory embodied in the Word is the language of any people. Millennaya spiritual culture, the life of the Russian people peculiar and uniquely affected in Russian, in his oral and written forms, in monuments of various genres - from the old Russian chronicles and epic to the works of modern fiction. And, it means, culture languages \u200b\u200bThe culture of the word appears as an inseparable connection of many and many generations.

Native language - the soul of the nation, the most important sign. In language and through the language are detected the most important features Both features like national psychology, the nature of the people, the warehouse of his thinking, the original uniqueness of artistic creativity, moral condition and spirituality.

N. M. Karamzin said: "Let the honor and glory of our language, which in the native wealth, almost without any alien impurity, flows as proud, the majestic river - noise, rattles - and suddenly, is it necessary, softens , murmurs with a gentle stream and sweetly poured into the soul, forming all measures that are only in the fall and elevation of the human voice! "

Russian language is almost the most difficult for study. How to translate foreign language phrase "yes no" or "exactly, probably"? And about slangiism is generally better thanch. We can, as your heart break off the sentences, rearranged the words by changing them with places, replacing other or complementing synonymous. We also have a movable stress. Compare: City - town - suburb. None of the languages \u200b\u200bhave such freedom. Rearrange the places to be both failed in german languageAnd get instead of a narrative question offer. The richness of the language is traced at all levels: in phonetics, grammar and vocabulary. The latter is more visual. In our dictionary reserve there are words describing feelings, shades of feelings and emotions that cannot be translated into another language without loss of meaning. And rows of homonym, synonyms, paronyms and antonyms! To know the expressive means of the language, be able to use it with stylistic and semantic wealth in all their structural diversity - every native speaker should strive for this.

The language is the door of the people, it is in it that the famous Russian spirit is concluded, our soul is with you. Not so long ago, linguists collided with a problem large number Borrowing from of English language And wondered: Is the language with their help or at crees? In the reasonable limits of borrowing - a normal phenomenon, it is at the expense of it growing a vocabulary. But with the "convergence" we forget our native speech and communicate with the help of "High", "Okay" and other words, although we have our own "hello", "Hello", "good evening".

It is the people who are keeper of the language, so each of us has one task - to save and multiply existing wealth.

One of the main works of Academician V. V. Vinogradova "Russian Language", the largest philologist of our time, became the necessary book not one generation of russists, linguists, philologists. The 1947 edition is now the bibliographic rarity, the second edition - 1972 - did not fully satisfy the need for it, and since then the new generation of its readers has been told.

Russian, besides the fact that he unites us all, he also connects us with all those who are not indifferent to Russian culture. Russia with all its power of the cultural power - as the Eurasian country - unites the many nations, peoples based on the basis of the Russian language, on which the greatest works of world literature are written. It is clear that our compatriots living beyond the boundaries Russian Federationare also combined great, powerful, powerful and singers in Russian.

Language formation is a long but interesting process. The combination of sets of words and wordforms, grammar designs, borrowing and pronunciation features includes the speech of our people. What value is Russian in modern world.

In contact with

Features of the lexic composition

As the national wealth of the people and the form of our culture, the language has extensive terminology, brightness and clarity of grammar. According to the Russian Constitution, our "adverb" in June 2005 became official and documented.

This will help provide citizens rights to use it in the territory of the Russian Federation, and will also be a way to preserve and develop language culture.

The most important criterion is considered to be the purity of the word: to preserve lingvo-stylistic wealth, the use of spacious, as well as graft words should be avoided.

There are also not recommended words with a tint of explicit neglect and propaganda of the dominance of borrowed wordforms. This is a trouble modern society it becomes global: Anglicizms and Americanism constantly displacing the original vocabulary.

Important! The basis of our lexicon should be the Russian speech field to preserve and multiply the diversity of the surrounding world, using the Russian "talk".

In the list of adventure world, our native "talk" entered only the 20th century, his status was enshrined In the United Nations. The carriers are only Russia's residents with a number of about 150 million people. In 2005, the number of those who knew how to speak in domestic adverbs increases sharply up to 278 million. According to expert estimates, approximately 140 of them are among Russia, about 26 refers to the CIS countries and the Baltic Republic, almost 7.5 million countries and the United States are taken.

Martov analysis of the linguistic situation in 2013 showed that our "" becomes the most popular on the Internet and is inferior in the number of requests only English, that is, it takes honorary second place.

Important! In which countries is Russian state language. Along with Russia, residents of Belarus, South Ossetia and the Moldavian Republic speak. The right to be the official language of documents and government agencies our "dialect" deserved in Kazakhstan, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Abkhazia and Ukraine.

Russian language in the modern world can be heard in countries such as Tajikistan. Representatives of this state use it as an official The Constitution, and even in the state of New York, documents relating to elections are printed using Russian linguistic designs.

Updating speech system

The development of the Russian language occurs intensively. According to the literary monuments that reached us, you can see how difficult was the path of this lingue to its today's external and internal filling.

Our people received a new language system that is completely reflects Russian heritage and thinking.

For example, before in grammatical, there were three numbers: the only, multiple and dual one. There were also 9 and three simple time forms.

Changing together with the epoch, our simplified its laws and came to a more understandable, modern binary oppression: the numbers became seven and the amount of birth decreased by two. All this became the result of a general time-learning practice, during which the language layer was not stored, but was constantly updated.

Main functions

The local "speech" has always been a multifunctional system, as it is associated with different areas of human activity: the creation, storage and transmission of the necessary information between carriers.

Main functions Russian language are:

The first and most important thing is to be a means of communication, it is also a communicative. To live in one space, it means to communicate, use various sides of the information, using different grammatical forms and structures to be able to properly express their idea. Task - convey to the interlocutor of knowledge and skills.
The cognitive function, which is aimed at the knowledge of culture, the personality of speaking, as well as on the development of figurative thinking and comprehending the Azov of Self-Operation. This feature implies reflection over own speech activities.
The cumulative, revealing "adverb", as a means of accumulating and storing important information. Russian, as it were, "accumulates" in itself the experience of communicating the entire team. This function, along with the lexical component, reflects fragments of the history, life and cultural experience of the entire people.

Separately, it is worth mentioning about speech competence: the ability to understand and accept not its programs speech behavior. Everyone must occur according to the goals of communication, the sphere, as well as the situation of speech practice. The main moment Here will be the choice of the correct language form, which will suit a specific case.

For example, request and order. Both speech situations will have a whole set of differences:

scene. It is better to ask for a private atmosphere, with an eye on the eye, and you can order in the presence of many people, which will give the authority to the boss even more;
personality speaking. We usually ask us for loved ones, friends, relatives, and order our subordinates;
the purpose of speaking: in the first case, we want to get something with the help of soft intonation, emotions of gratitude or resentment for something. And the second case, naturally, will be different both in the intonation plan, and in the meaning. By ordering, we put forward strict requirements.

Is Russian a tool of international communication. Until 1991, our "adverb" was international, because the then the USSR state introduced it in the countries that were part of the Soviet Republic.

After the union broke up, the Russian did not cease to be a means of communication between nations, and became the main for migrants from former allied states.

In countries of Eastern Europe Learn Russian in gymnasiums and universities along with French, and Spanish. In Russia, you can meet many foreigners, attending special courses.

Russian language in international communication is a common phenomenon. It is one of the six official UN working languages. However, according to the statements of the research center, our "adverb" still does not give positions: in particular, in 2006, carriers according to the last census were 152 million people, and in 2012 - already 215, which becomes a rather optimistic statement.

Study and preservation of national features

The social nature of the linguistic uzus is always in motion: it is wide and multifaceted. Therefore, he is as he created his society for thousands of years. It helps to organize labor, supports the process of education and cultural development of society, participates in the development of all regions of science and culture. In essence, all its functions are social and dependent on the participants of speech contact.

The significance of the Russian language in the modern world is great, the importance of it It is difficult to overestimate. Today you can see the tendency to form a new picture of the world.

Through the prism of our Lingva, we must meet someone else's culture. To do this, you need to adhere to special cultural competence and learn how to use correctly speech etiquette.

Both in our and in any other Lingwe, such competence helps to add to the features of the national culture of another people are also easy as their own.

Also develops the knowledge of originality and character nature of another language material. And, of course, the most important feeling is formed: we begin to realize how important our own linguistic uzus is. Understanding and taking this, people make a significant step towards their spiritual and moral development.

Attention! The view of our linguistic formation depends on society. The language is under his influence and at the same time forms public consciousness.

Coolreferat.com.

Russian language in the modern world.

The Russian language according to the total number of speakers takes place in the top ten of world languages, but accurately define this place is quite difficult.

The number of people who consider the Russian native language exceeds 200 million people, 130 million of which live in Russia. At 300-350 million, the number of people who own the Russian language in excellence and use it as the first or second language in everyday communication.

In total, more than half a billion people speak Russian in the world in the world, and according to this indicator, Russian ranks third in the world after Chinese and English.

The question is also a controversial today, the influence of the Russian language in the world falls in recent decades or not.

On the one hand, the language situation in the post-Soviet space, where, before the collapse of the USSR, the Russian language served as a generally accepted language of interethnic communication, very contradictory, and here you can identify the most different trends. On the other hand, the Russian-speaking diaspora in the far abroad over the past twenty years has grown multiple times.

Of course, another Vysotsky in the seventies wrote songs about "the distribution of ours on the planet", but in the nineties and two thousandths, this spread was much more noticeable.

But to begin consideration of the situation with the Russian language as of the end of zero anniversary, of course, from post-Soviet states.

In the post-Soviet space, in addition to Russia, there are at least three countries where the fate of the Russian language does not cause any concern. This is Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

In Belarus, the majority of the population speaks in everyday life and in general in everyday communication in Russian, and in the cities of young people and many middle-aged people in Russian speech, even the Belarusian accent characteristic of the past.

At the same time, Belarus is the only post-Soviet state, where the state status of the Russian language is confirmed on the referendum with an overwhelming majority of votes.

It is obvious that the services of translators from Russian to Belarusian will not be in demand for a long time, and perhaps never - after all, almost all the official and business correspondence in Belarus is conducted in Russian.

The language situation in Kazakhstan is more complex. In the nineties, the share of Russians in the population of Kazakhstan was significantly reduced, and the Kazakhs for the first time since the thirties of the last century were the national majority. According to the Constitution, the only state language in Kazakhstan is Kazakh. However, from the middle of the nineties there is a law that equates Russian in all official areas to the state. And in practice in most government agencies of the city and regional level, as well as in the capital government agencies, the Russian language is used more often than Kazakh.

The reason is simple and quite pragmatic. Representatives of different nationalities are working in these institutions - Kazakhs, Russians, Germans, Koreans. At the same time, absolutely all educated Kazakhs are perfectly owned by the Russian language, while representatives of other nationalities know Kazakh essentially worse.

A similar situation is observed in Kyrgyzstan, where there is also a law that gives Russian official status, and in everyday communication, Russian speech in cities can be heard more often than Kyrgyz.

Azerbaijan adjoins these three countries, where the status of the Russian language is officially not regulated, but in cities most of the inhabitants of indigenous nationality speak Russian very well, and many prefer to use it in communicating. This again contributes to the multinational nature of the population of Azerbaijan. For national minorities since Soviet Union The language of interethnic communication is Russian.

The mansion in this row is Ukraine. Here the language situation is peculiar, and language policy is sometimes extremely strange forms.

The entire population of the East and the South of Ukraine speaks Russian. Moreover, attempts to violent Ukrainization in a number of regions (in Crimea, Odessa, Donbas) leads to the opposite result. Previously, the neutral attitude towards the Ukrainian language is changing negative.

As a result, even traditional mixed speech disappears in these territories - Surzhik in the East and Odessa speak Odessa and the surrounding area. The new generation teaches the language not on the example of parental speech, but on the example of the speech of Russian television speakers, and begins to speak in the right Russian literary language (with the slang peculiarities of the XXI century).

The indicative example: in the Russian speech of Ukrainian youth, the Gundy Ukrainian "soft" g (h) is replaced by "solid" ґ (g) of the Moscow-Petersburg type.

And in Western Ukraine, too, not everything is simple. After all, the population of the Carpathian and Transcarpathian Ukraine speaks on dialects, which in neighboring countries (Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia) are considered to be a separate Rusin language.

And it turns out that in the Ukrainian literary language and on the dialects close to the literary, the minority of the population speaks in the Ukrainian state. However, the Ukrainian authorities in last years They are engaged in the plantation of the Ukrainian language with completely ridiculous methods - it seems to anyone who is not necessary, but the mandatory translation of all films going in cinemas to the Ukrainian language.

However, unrivaled in the desire to ensure that services needed to translate from the Russian language translation Bureau, Baltic countries remain - especially Latvia and Estonia.

True, it should be noted that the language policy of the state and the attitude of the population is still two big differences (as still spoken in Odessa). Rumors that for communication with the local population, the Russian tourist needs translation from English, greatly exaggerated.

The requirements of the life are stronger than the efforts of the state, and in this case it is manifested as it can not be ill. Even the youth, born in Latvia and Estonia, already in the period of independence, owns the Russian language sufficiently so that one friend can be understood. And cases where Latvian or Estonian refuses to speak Russian from the principle - rare. So much that each of such cases turns out to be a rapid discussion in the press.

According to the testimony of most Russians who visited Latvia and Estonia in recent years, with the signs of language discrimination, they were not encountered. Latvians and Estonians are very hospitable, and the Russian language continues to remain in these countries with the language of interethnic communication. In Lithuania, the language policy was originally softer.

In Georgia and Armenia, the Russian language has the status of a national minority language. In Armenia, the share of Russians in the total population of the population is very insignificant, but the noticeable share of Armenians can speak Russian well. In Georgia, the situation is about the same, and the Russian language is more common in communicating in those places where the share of the foreign language population is large. However, among young people, knowledge of the Russian language in Georgia is very weak.

In Moldova, the Russian language does not have official status (with the exception of Transnistria and Gagauzia), but de facto can be used in the official sphere.

In Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the Russian language is less used, rather than in neighboring Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. In Tajikistan, the Russian language according to the Constitution is the language of interethnic communication, in Uzbekistan, it has the status of the National Minority language, the situation remains unclear in Turkmenistan.

One way or another, in all three states the Russian language owns most of the urban population. On the other hand, the indigenous people are talking to native languageAnd the Russian transfers only in a conversation with Russians or with representatives of national minorities.

Language and sociocultural situation in Uzbekistan very clearly illustrate modern Uzbek movies. It is very interesting for them to observe, in what situations the Uzbek citizens go to Russian in a conversation among themselves.

For example, in some new Uzbek films resembling Indian melodramas, heroes are transferred to Russian to express feelings or clarifying relationships that do not fit into patriarchal local customs. And the peculiar language barrier is charged. In a rather Europeanized Uzbek society, any topics can be discussed - but not all can be discussed in Uzbek. For some, Russian is best suited.

Anyway, the Russian language remains the language of interethnic communication in the entire post-Soviet space. Moreover, the main role here is not the position of the state, but the attitude of the population.

But in the far abroad, the situation with the Russian language is the opposite. Russian, alas, refers to languages \u200b\u200bthat are lost in two generations.

Russian first generation emigrants prefer to speak Russian, and many of them assimilate the language of the new country do not fully and speak with a strong accent. But their children are already talking in a local language with almost no accent (a girl who familiar to the author from her birth and who left her mother in Sweden at the age of 11, the Swedes took sixteen for the local, speaking in the village diabete) and prefer a local language in communication.

In Russian, they speak only with their parents, and recently also on the Internet. And, by the way, the Internet plays an extremely important role to preserve the Russian language in the diaspora.

But on the other hand, in the third-fourth generation, interest in the roots of the descendants of immigrants is being revived, and they begin to specifically teach the language of the ancestors. Including Russian.

In the seventies-eighties, with almost complete breaks with the USSR, the Russian language inferior to English or Hebrew much faster than now, when any emigrant can support lick with family friends and familiar on the Internet.

In the seventies and eighties in Israel, immigrants from Russia learned Hebrew accelerated pace. And in the nineties of Israeli officials have become an accelerated pace to learn Russian, in order not to load excess work agency Translations.

Today, the last year belonging to the "zero", Russian language not only remains the main language of interethnic communication in the entire post-Soviet space. It speaks well since the generation is well and is well explained by the younger in many countries of the former Socialist camp.

For example, in the former GDR schoolchildren taught Russian, to be honest, much better than Soviet schoolchildren - German.

And it is hardly possible to say that the role of the Russian language in the world has fallen over the past twenty years.

The fact that the role of national languages \u200b\u200bover the years in the post-Soviet space has increased, you can only rejoice. But the Russian language continues to remain the language of interethnic communication and one of the world languages, which is not entirely in vain is one of the official languages \u200b\u200bof the UN.

Skills; PI title of connected speech students.

During the classes

I.. Checking homework

1 . To give connected story About the occurrence of language.

2. Students read miniatures and analyze.

3. Vocabulary dictation. Spelling consoles.

Shift, health, stitch, fit, enter, psht-walk, soulless, sprawling, artistic, faithful, TGREP, woven, fasten, adorable, open, multiply, privileged, attractive, privilege, explain, settle, postpone, background, super interesting, Supernatural, bend, stick, we needed, first, thirdly, in a new way (performed), in autumn (light), on the spring (forest). (One of the students reads, the rest check.)

Tell us about spelling consoles on s -and from-; Pre-using.

Work bytopic lesson

1. Drawing up the abstracts based on teacher's lectures.

The word of the teacher.

Each language is a whole world. The language is not only an object for study, and the living soul of the people, his joy, pain, memory, treasure. He has to cause hot love from each of us, appreciation, alert attitude. "

The language relates to the public phenomena that act throughout the existence of human society.

The main purpose of the language is a means of communication of people. It is inextricably linked with thinking, human consciousness, serves as a means of forming and expressing thoughts.

Language in its development has passed a long way. The development of the language allowed people to fix their diverse experience, transmit it from generation to generation, which contributed to the increase in the material standard of living, the progress of science, technology, culture.

Keyword in combination "Modern Russian language" word Russian. This is the language created by the people in which he builds his culture; For a Russian man, he is native. Russian language and native. These are very close words.

Among more than two and a half thousand languages \u200b\u200bknown on globeThe Russian language is one of the common and satisfy the language needs of not only Russians, but also people of other nationalities, both living in Russia and abroad.

Russia is a multinational state. Performing the role of the mediator between all the languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of Russia, the Russian language helps to solve the tasks of the political, economic and cultural development of our multinational country.

At the end of the 20th century in the world, in one way or another, they speak Russian over 250 million people. The majority of speaking in Russian lives in Russia (143.7 million according to the All-Union Census Census in 1989) and in other states (88.8 million), which included in the USSR.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993), the Russian language is the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory. At the same time, the Russian language is a state or official language of a number of republics included in the Russian Federation, along with the language of the indigenous population of these republics.

Russian language is one of the developed languages. It has a rich vocabulary and terminology in all areas of science, technology, culture, expressiveness of lexical and grammatical agents, developed system of functional styles, the ability to display all the diversity and wealth of the world.

Interest in Russian is great and abroad. It is one of the official and working languages \u200b\u200bof the UN, UNESCO and other international organizations; It is among the "world languages". By in the period preceding the collapse of the USSR, and directly Mosil him, in many foreign countries The number of people studying Russian, the former allied and sponge republics began in the former Allied and Sponewa republics, it was not always justified by the restriction of the spheres of the functioning of the Russian language, the displacement of it from the economic, educational and cultural spheres.

Recently, the growth of the authority of the Russian language is not tasted among the peoples of Russia, but also in other CIS countries and abroad. The centers of Russian culture in the countries of near and far abroad begin to revive.

Thus, the knowledge of Russian gives the opportunity to communicate every person with people of other nationalities and open the path and prospects of interethnic and intercultural cooperation.

2. After reading a lecture, 2-3 people read the abstracts, OS, listen, complement.

3. Memory students write 2-3 statements about the language, analyze their content.

A rich, sonorous, alive, characteristic of the flexibility of the strokes and is infinitely diverse in sound-powered, capable of transmitting the finest shades, the Russian language seems to be created for poetry. (P. Merim.)

(Prospere Merim noted the wealth of the internal structure of Russian language.)

The Russian language is inexhaustible rich and everything is enriched with the speed of amazing.(M. Bitter.)- Why did this conclusion made M. Gorky?

(Russian is actively replenished due to new words and values. Many words have several values, including portable. Multivality is a phenomenon common in Russian h. It is its wealth.)

The Russian language is very soft, reliably and so rich in vowels, as Italian is hardly. (I. Ryudiger.)

(Sound system of Russian speech with its diversity of sounds, intonational shades is its wealth, with skillful use allows you to achieve a strong effect.)

III. Getting ready for the USE

1. per-?

a) overgrown, deposit, legal.

b) Country, drink, roll.

c) grounded, suede, stutter.

d) paint, zone, pensive.

2. In which a number in all words a prefix is \u200b\u200bdistinguished before-?

a) catching up, subsidy, is reported.

b) a complete, fair, Doloman.

c) prehistoric, official, kind.

d) document, preschool, merkomplektomy.

3. In which a number in all words a prefix is \u200b\u200bdistinguishediS-1.

but) Crushed, frost, sparkling.

b) frightened, schos, distorter.

c) exclusivity, tempter, experience.

d) redemption, cravored, fossils.

4. In which a number in all words a prefix is \u200b\u200bdistinguished about-?

a) flaw, look around, oglobl.

b) Spar, fire-perky, puzzled.

c) deafening, table of contents, creep.

d) announce, cucumber, crush.

5. In which row are the words formed by suffix

like a way?

b) jubilee, strongman, ultrasound.

d) jubilee, strongman, immoral.

6. In which row are the words formed with the

suffix?

a) the smallest, break, school.

b) in spring, colleague, partner.

c) tip, wisen, dothemna.

d) Transcaucasian, headphone, ruin.

teach-\u003e Teacher - * ... - ^

a) teacher.

b) teacher.

c) Teaching.

d) teaching.

8. What word is missing in a word-forming chain?

par-> soar->...-> evaporation

a) steam room

b) evaporate

c) Pariable

d) a greenhouse.

Answers:

b); 2. b); 3. g); 4. B); 5. B); 6. b); 7. g); 8. b).

The results of the lesson

Name the main functions of the Russian language in the modern world.

What place does the Russian language occupy among the languages \u200b\u200bof the world? Give an example.

lOM." iniiiee. the task

Prepare a connected story on the topic of the Russian language in the modern world, "using the theses and the text of the UPR. 270.

Perform tasks 2, 3 to this exercise (p. 137).