The main unit of mass measurement is gram and its derivatives - milligrams and micrograms.
Generally accepted cuts:
- gram - r;
- milligram - mg;
- micrograms - μg.
In 1 g - 1 000 mg or 1,000,000 μg.
In 1 mg - 1 000 μg.
- 1.0 is a gram;
- 0.001 is a milligram;
- 0.000001 is a microgram.
The main unit of volume measurement is milliliter . The familiar liter as a dose is rarely applied, but still sometimes applied. For example, "the volume of fluid necessary to carry out the cleansing enema is 1 liter" or "the daily volume of infusion therapy is 1.5 liters."
Generally accepted cuts:
- liter - l;
- milliliter - ml.
In 1 l - 1 000 ml.
The unit of volume is mandatory indicated!
Unless otherwise indicated, i.e., it is simply written 15.0 - it means that it is not a volume, but a mass - 15 grams. If we are talking about milliliters, then next to the number 15 should be written - ml: 15.0 ml.
Please pay attention: the most frequent parent mistake is when confusedMg. andMl.
We pay attention again, since this particular point is extremely relevant!
Do not confuse the units of mass and units of volume - it is very, very important!
Always when a kind of drug is prescribed parenteral In a certain amount of ml, we are talking about the fact that this volume will be measured by a syringe for the injecting of the proper size or the vial of an infusion solution will be used, having the corresponding volumetric labels.
Packages of modern dosage by milliliters of drugs for reception inside Mandatory contain special measuring devices: caps, pipettes, syringes, cups, measuring spoons.
If there is nothing like that, and the medicine is still scheduled inside and in ml, it means that for measuring the required volume, the syringes should be used for injection or special graduated measuring cups sold in pharmacies.
Non-standard and inaccurate unit of volume measurement is a drop
. The volume of the drop is largely determined by the physical properties of the dosage fluid.
So, for example, the volume of one drop alcohol The solution is an average of 0.02 ml, and the volume of one drop water The solution can vary from 0.03 to 0.05 ml.
Pharmacists and doctors have long ago agreed that standard pharmaceutical, medical measure of a drop is 0.05 ml.
Thus, 1 ml \u003d 20 drops.
When a solution of a particular drug is assigned to your child in the drops, it is about a modern drug, the packaging usually contains a special pipette or a bottle cover is a special dropper.
If there is no pipette or lids of the dropper, then you can use a standard medical pipette for sale in any pharmacy. If a lot of droplets are assigned, it is quite possible to use a disposable syringe to measure the required volume of fluid.
Appointed 10 drops - it means it is 0.5 ml; 40 drops - respectively, 2 ml.
You can even use the formula:
number ml \u003d number of drops divided by 20.
The main thing is to remember that always when a kind of drug is appointed in drops, and you cannot figure out than these drops to extract-measure, so here, in such situations it is clearly intended that the volume of one drop is 0.05 ml. And this means that, having a medical syringe in the house with a volume of 1 ml, you can easily and absolutely definitely determine the required amount of medication: 2 drops - 0.1 ml, 3 drops - 0.15 ml, 5 drops - 0.25 ml etc.
Even more non-standard (compared with drops) units of volume measurement are varied household spoonswhich sometimes (but more and less often) are used to dosing a low-esteem and relatively safe drugs.
Standard volume of spoons in ml:
- tea. spoon - 5 ml;
- dessert Spoon - approximately 10 ml (there is no single standard);
- dining room A spoon - in the CIS countries - 18 ml, in the USA, Canada - 15 ml, in Australia - 20 ml;
In some countries, such a concept is used as a children's spoon.
- children's Spoon - 10 ml.
To completely close the topic of kitchen accessories for measuring volume, remember stacan
. Dosing with glasses is more accepted in cooking, but sometimes used in medicine to measure the volume of infusions, decoctions, rinsing, etc.
- one glass - 200 ml.
The active ingredient is in a liquid drug at a certain concentration. The digital value of this concentration is reflected in such, it would seem obvious, but not always understandable, as percentage of solution
.
The expression "5% solution of ascorbic acid" does not look complicated and mysterious. But still, some explanations should be given in order to finally place the point above I.
So, the concentration in pharmacology is customary to display as number of mass units per unit volume. Thus, the expression "1% solution" means that in 100 ml of liquid there is 1 g of a valid substance.
In the overwhelming majority of cases, the volume of liquid assigned to the child is measured by milliliters. Therefore, we recalculate:
100 ml - 1 g;
10 ml - 0.1 g;
1 ml - 0.01
0.01 g is 10 mg. Quite logical conclusion: in 1
mL 1% solution contains 10 mg of active substance
.
We train:
- in 1 ml of a 5% solution of ascorbic acid - 50 mg of ascorbins;
- in 1 ml of 50% of the analgin solution - 500 mg of analgin;
- in 1 ml of 0.1% of the Loratadine solution - 1 mg of Loratadine;
- in 1 ml of 66.7% of the lactulose solution - 667 mg of lactulose;
- in 1 ml of 0.05% chlorhexidine solution - 0.5 mg chlorhexidine ...
Manufacturers of children's dosage forms are very skeptical about parent mathematical abilities. The instructions may well be written "Loratina solution 0.1%", but on the package will be indicated by large letters: "Loratadine 1 mg / 1 ml" or "Loratadine 5 mg / 5 ml".
A huge amount of liquid drugs are produced at different concentrations. In 1 ml of paracetamol suspension, it can be 20, and may also be 50 mg: a "120 mg / 5 ml" or "250 mg / 5 ml" will be written on a box with a suspension. A pharmacy worker will not be able to release correctly, and the mother will not be able to properly give a paracetamol, appointed in a dose of "5 ml of suspension" - you need to know what concentration of suspension is in question. In this way, always when your child is assigned to anything liquid, it is important to make sure that you know not only the name of the solution, but also its concentration!
The situation when the doctor prescribes a solution, syrup, suspension, etc., but does not indicate the concentration, however, it is possible.
For example, lactulose syrups with almost all manufacturers are produced in the form of 66.7% of the solution. And when the doctor wrote: " Lactulose syrup 5 ml in the morning to breakfast"There is no error in this.
Another option: We are talking about the drug appointed under a specific trading name.
An example of this purpose: " nooofen for children, suspension, at temperatures above 39 ° C 10 ml inside" Suspension called Nurofen for Children is available only in one concentration - 100 mg / 5 ml. Therefore, everything is written correctly, it is impossible to be mistaken.
Another question is that in the pharmacy you can say approximately the following: "We don't have nourofen for children in suspension. We have a different medicine, but in the composition of ibuprofen, as in Nurofen, and this is different - only in 0.4 tablets. Everything else is in the regional center, the bus tomorrow morning ... "
And then you will calculate:
10 ml with a concentration of 100 mg / 5 ml means, we were prescribed 200 mg.
And in 0.4 tablets - it is 400 mg.
So, we will persuade Masha to swallow the flight ...
Another fundamentally important point. Knowledge of the concentration is necessary not only when the medications are accepted inside and dose in ml. For topical use and dosing drops - this is no less important.
And if appointed " xylometazoline software 2. Drops in every nostril 3 times a day", Before dripping, should be clarified to clarify, about which xylometazoline is 0.1% or 0.05%?
The concentration of the active substance in dermatological means is also indicated by interest, but there is no specificity here. Therefore, if it is written " hydrocortisian ointment 1% "This means that in 1 ml of this ointment contains 10 mg of hydrocortisone. But in the same way as with a suspension of paracetamol, it is impossible to write simply "hydrocortisual ointment", since this ointment is 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% ...
Now about dispensing using special units
. Always when it comes to some kind of dosage units, the number of these units is linked either with a unit of volume, or with a specific packaging or dosage form. And this relationship must be clarified!
That is, you must certainly know that in 1 ml of solution insulin There are 40 units or 100 units of the drug.
It must be known that it is in this tablet with pancreatine There is a dose equal to 10,000 units of lipase. It is 10 thousand, and not 40 or 25.
It is necessary to know that it is in this sterile bottle that is 500,000 sodium salt units. bezylpenicillin.
Once again, I would like to emphasize that always when something is appointed in units, it is mandatory to clarify, in which volume, in which bottle, in which capsule contains exactly this number of units.
With huge difficulties and many errors, use as a unit of dispensing name of a particular dosage form is associated.
In one tablet of the same pharmaceutical agent, there can be a different amount of active substance. So, for example, in one tablet paracetamola. Maybe 80, 120, 125, 200, 285, 325, 500 or 564 mg. Obviously, no one can sell properly in a pharmacy or give a child a paracetamol appointed in the dose of 1 tablet.
Therefore, next to the title of the drug and the selected dosage form, the amount of active substance must be designated in this given to a specific patient of the drug.
Examples:
- calcium gluconat., Tablets at 0.5;
- cephalexin, Capsules of 0.25.
An indication of a certain tablet or capsule, in the absence of information about the content of the active substance, may in some cases be justified by the fact that there is no choice of tablets of this particular medication tool.
This is possible if:
- the drug is produced in this dosage form only with a strictly defined amount of active substance. For example, ornidazole. Produced in tablets of 0.5. There are no other tablets. Do not make mistakes;
- the drug is appointed under the trade name, and a particular manufacturer produces it only in such a medicine form - there is no choice. For example, one tablet supratin Always contains 0.025 chloropiramine. Therefore, if Suprastin is appointed one tablet twice a day, - do not make mistakes;
- the drug is a strictly defined, protected by the trade name combination of some ingredients. For example, december, lozenges. There is no other decatilene. Do not make mistakes.
We already know that the optimal method of dosing of medicines to children is based on the relationship between the dose with the weight of the child.
Consider the subtleties of such dosing on the example of the most popular children's antipyretic agent - paracetamola..
From paragraph 2.1. We know that motherwise dose Paracetamol is 10-15 mg / kg.
We have a child with a body weight of 15 kg. Thus, a single dose of the drug is from 150 (10 x 15) to 225 (15 x 15) mg.
We bought a suspension of 120 mg / 5 ml. This means in one ml - 24 mg. And we need from 150 to 225. So, our one-time dose is approximately equal to 6.2-9.3 ml.
We bought a suspension of 250 mg / 5 ml. This means in one ml - 50 mg. And we need from 150 to 225. So our one-time dose is 3-4.5 ml.
We bought 200 mg tablets. And we need from 150 to 225. So our one-time dose is 1 tablet.
We bought 325 mg tablets. And we need from 150 to 225. It means that our one-time dose is half the chalk.
Now let's figure it out with daily dose of the same paracetamol. In the presence of testimony, this medicine can be given during the day re-, but not more than 4-5 times, and it is very important that the interval between the techniques was at least 4 hours.
The same child is a body weight of 15 kg. The maximum daily dose of medication in no case should exceed 60 mg / kg. This means that our baby can be per day no more than 15 x 60 - 900 mg.
We bought a suspension of 120 mg / 5 ml. This means in one ml - 24 mg. And we need no more than 900. So our maximum daily dose is 37.5 ml (900/24).
We bought a suspension of 250 mg / 5 ml. This means in one ml - 50 mg. And we need the maximum of 900 per day. It means that our daily dose should not exceed 18 ml (900/50).
We bought 200 mg tablets. So, per day can not be more than four tablets.
We bought 325 mg tablets. So, our maximum daily dose of 2 tablets and three more quarters of a pill.
Already, this is our listing shows that, knowing the weight and necessary one-time / daily dose, quite easily implement the rational choice of dosage form. Obviously, to give a child 3 ml of suspension in most cases much easier than 10 ml or half a tablet. Therefore, for a child with a mass of 15 kg, the optimal dosage form of paracetamol will, perhaps, suspension 250/5 ml.
Even more expert in the selection of the optimal dose of paracetamol for rectal administration in this aspect.
It is known that when using suppositories, a single dose of paracetamol is higher than when taking inside, and is 20-25 mg / kg. Thus, a child with a weight of 10 kg should get a candle containing from 200 to 250 mg. We go to the pharmacy, and it turns out that there are candles with paracetamol, containing the active substance in the amount of 50, 80, 100, 125, 150, 250, 300, 500, 600, and even 1,000 mg. In our situation, it is more logical to buy candles of 250 mg and apply them with minimal load for a children's psyche. But you can not know all this and mock the child, putting two candles of 100 mg in it, or mock yourself, trying to cut off half of the candle of 500 mg.
We also pay attention to the fact that attentive study of a sheet with medical appointments in many cases will allow you to save significant funds.
An example of assignments: " azithromycin suspension. 200 mg 1. once a day half an hour before meals, 3 day in a row" We go to the pharmacy, and it turns out that an antibiotic azithromycin in suspension is sold in the following packages:
- powder for the preparation of suspension 100 mg / 5 ml, vial 20 ml;
- powder for the preparation of suspension 200 mg / 5 ml, vial of 15 ml;
- powder for the preparation of suspension 200 mg / 5 ml, vial 30 ml;
- powder for the preparation of suspension 200 mg / 5 ml, vial 20 ml.
It is clear that the choice is optimal in our situation - 200 mg / 5 ml, the bottle of 15 ml is just enough for the prescribed course of treatment. Any other packaging is not economically beneficial: either you have to buy or remain.
Unfortunately, the situation is often found when the doctor simply does not have time to follow the rapidly changing assortment of pharmacies. And in this case, such appointments are quite possible: " loratadine 5 mg 1 Once a day for 2 weeks" This, of course, is wrong, but a very small parental intelligent effort allows you to solve the problem.
So, come to the pharmacy. - Loratadine needs 5 mg.
It turns out that Loratadine happens in 10 mg tablets, as well as in syrup or suspensions - 1 mg / 1ml.
5 mg is a halfway or 5 ml of syrup. We don't want to share tablets, and with swallowing the tablets from our crumbs problems, so I get liquid-tasty and give what the doctor prescribed ...
By the way, before buying, we carry out simple counts: 5 ml per day, yes for 2 weeks, it is 5 x 14 - it turns out to be treated with 70 ml. And how much is there in the bottle? We are interested in: it turns out that in one bottle of syrup or suspension of Loratadine can be 30, 50, 60, 100, 120 and 150 ml. Probably the most rational to buy a 100 ml bottle - give, please ...
And the last thing I would like to draw your attention. Always when the doctor is prescribed to divide the pills, it is either indicated by words (half, third, quarter), or fraction: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4.
And if the "calcium gluconate 0.5" is written - it is not a half-chalk (!), This is a halfgrand - 0.5 g.
0.25 - this is not a quartet fourth, it's 0.25 g.
Hereinafter, by pronouncing the expression "Basic Unit", we mean a unit, basic From the position of the dosing of medicines. That is, we know that from the point of view of the international system of units (system international, s), the main unit of mass is a kilogram (kg), and the standard unit of volume is a cubic meter (M 3).
In ordinary life, we often have to deal with weight measurement, whether it is your own weight or product being purchased. However, most often it is kilograms and grams. And in very rare cases - milligrams. Despite the seeming simplicity of the question, not every person can immediately remember how many milligrams in gram. Although very often his life depends on this question correctly.
What unit of measurement is called gram
Before recalling how many milligrams in grams are, it is worth refreshing in the memory of knowledge of gram. So, gram is a single system unit intended for mass definition. Her homeland is France, hence the melodic name Gramme. Gram as a unit of measurement was introduced into use in the last decade of the eighteenth century.
By weight, it is equal to 0.001 kilograms, (0.000001 tons, 0.00001 centners) in other words, in one kilogram of a thousand gram.
The gram is denoted by the letter "g" in Cyrillic and the letters G in Latin.
Like the rest of the SI units, grams are used to measure weight in science, technology and in the life of most countries in Europe and the world. However, in the United States and some other countries, the weight is measured in pounds (pound), it is approximately 0.45 kilograms. As in the old days, some countries have their own numerical equivalent of the pound, which is why confusion arises when translating to C. In connection with this situation, the countries using pounds gradually begin to go to kilograms.
An interesting fact, in Russia was also his pound, and it was a little harder than modern.
In the weight measurement system in pounds there is a peculiar analog of grams - ounce (OZ). It is equal to a weight of 28.4 grams.
How many milligrams in one gram
Kilograms, centners and tons are units of measure that more grams. But there are also such that less than it, the so-called "Dolly Units". These include: milligram (mg-mg), micrograms (μg-mkg), nanograms (NG-NG) and pictograms (PG-PG). In addition to a milligram, everyone else is rarely used in everyday life, as there is no particular need, and for their measurement need super-sensitive scales that are not suiced.
The answer to the question of how many in 1 grams of milligrams is the number 1000, that is, one gram consists of thousands of milligrams, or in one milligram 0.001 grams.
Why do you need to know how many milligrams in gram
Milligram is a tiny weight of the weight, which at first glance seems unsuitable for measuring with its help in everyday life. After all, the sugar or a cereal in milligrams will not measure.
However, if a person feel no matter and will need medicines, it will start to calculate the necessary dosage of the drug, it will immediately understand why it is important to know how many milligram in grams. After all, many drugs are prescribed in a patient's weight ratio. And if a sick child or teenager, then the dose of medication should be small, most often less than a gram, so you need to clearly represent the ratio of grams / milligrams, otherwise it is possible to affect irreparable harm to health.
For example, on the rest of the child bitten the bee, the branched place was swollen, it means that it is necessary to take an antihistamine drug. However, in the hiking aid kit, this medicine is only in tablets. After reading the instructions carefully, it can be understood that one tablet weighs 1 gram, but for children weighing up to 10 kilograms can be given no more than 250 milligrams of the drug. With knowledge of the milligram, it can be easily calculated to calculate the permissible dose: 1 g \u003d 1000 mg, 1000/250 \u003d 4, it turns out to be only a quarter tablet at once.
In recent years, fashionable began to prepare cosmetics for skin care with their own hands.
The manufacture of the so-called soap from scratch was particularly popular. Despite the simplicity of the process, it is important to accurately follow the dosage, otherwise it is possible to get an iron. After all, if it is incorrect to calculate the proportion of oils and caustic soda, then either the soda will not come into interaction with oils and its residue when using soap falls on the skin; Either the oils will too much and soap will be poorly cleaned.
Milligram and milliliter
Viewing the topic of milligrams, it is impossible not to be mentioned about millilitress (ml). They are very often confused. It is worth remembering that milligrams are measured by weight, and milliliters - volume. So the fluid is measured only in milliliters, and a millilitone syringe division scale, and not a milligram. 
Tablets and powders are always measured in milligrams.
These two measures are equal among themselves in some cases, in other situations you need to know the density of the measured fluid in order to accurately calculate its weight.
Almost every day, making purchases in the store, people have to translate kilograms in grams and on the contrary, so this skill is brought to automatism. In the case of grams and milligrams, this is all done according to a similar scheme. Therefore, having learned how many milligrams in grams can then be possible to carry out these calculations.
The school is over long ago and the basic knowledge has slightly shaken. Not so, of course, to completely forget the metric values, but how much in 1 grams of mg immediately and do not answer.
We restore the memory
From arithmetic we know that 1 g is a multiple unit of 1 kg, that is, a thousandth per kilogram. And when you need to know how many grams in a kilogram, we are a digit, denoting kilograms, multiply by a thousand and get:
1 kg x 1000 \u003d 1000 g, or 1kg \u003d 10 3 g
So, the milligram is also a thousandth share of the magnitude, which is called gram.
And the task is to be solved, when you need to know how many milligrams in it.
We are to a digit that indicates the number of r, we attribute three zero.
1 g x 1000 \u003d 1000 mg, or 1g \u003d 10 3 mg. This is such a simple answer to the question - in 1 gram how much mg.
We use knowledge in practice
Life constantly encounters us with the situation when you have to solve such arithmetic tasks. Most often, it occurs when taking medicines.
For example, if the instructions for use say that more than 0.2 g of the drug can not be consumed per day, and the weight of 25 mg is specified on the tablets in the blister, then you need to know how much the tablets can be used.
The algorithm of solutions: 0.2 g x1000 \u003d 200 mg, 200 mg: 25 mg \u003d 8 tablets.
But the reverse translation of milligrams in grams is also often found, especially when cooking or for chemical solutions in economic
We remember that if 1 g \u003d 10 3 mg, then 1 mg \u003d 10 -3 g or 1 mg \u003d 0.001 g.
Suppose, under the condition of the recipe, we need to add 300 mg of sugar sand somewhere and 800 mg of salts, and we only measure the scales.
We translate the desired values \u200b\u200binto the desired unit of measurement.
300: 1000 \u003d 0.3 g or 300 x 0.001 \u003d 0.3 g
800: 1000 \u003d 0.8 g or 800 x 0.001 \u003d 0.8 g
Thus, relying on mnemotechnics, i.e. Taking the basis of an analogue of a kilogram and gram as a basis, you can strengthen in memory and translation of grams in milligrams.
And here is another interesting information in the table below:
In contact with
Instruction
To translate grams in milligram, multiply the number of grams per thousand. That is, use the next simple formula:
KMG \u003d kg * 1000, where
KMG - the number of milligrams,
Kg - the number of grams.
For example, the mass of one tablet of activated carbon is 0.25 grams. Consequently, its mass, expressed in milligrams, will be: 0.25 * 1000 \u003d 250 (mg).
If the number of grams is an integer, then for the translation of grams in milligrams, simply impose three zero to it.
For example, one tablet ascorbic acid with glucose weighs 1 gram. It means that its mass in milligrams will be: 1,000.
If the number of grams is expressed in the form of a decimal fraction, then transfer the decimal point to three digits to the right.
For example, glucose content in one tablet ascorbic acid with glucose is 0.887 grams. Consequently, in milligrams, the mass of glucose will be 887 mg.
If after the semicolons less than three digits, add the missing signs with zeros.
For example, the content of ascorbic acid in one tablet ascorbic acid with glucose is 0.1 grams. In milligrams it will be 100 mg (according to the rule, it turns out 0100 mg, but insignificant zeros are discarded on the left) ..
If all the initial data is given in grams, and the result must be submitted in milligrams, then all intermediate calculations spend in grams, and milligrams are translate only the result of calculations.
For example, in one tablet of Allohola contains:
Bile dry - 0.08 g,
Dried garlic - 0.04 g,
Nettle leaves - 0.005 g,
Coal activated - 0.025
To calculate: how many milligrams of active substances are contained in one tablet of allohola, fold the masses of all components, expressed in grams, and the result is transferred to milligrams:
0.08 + 0.04 + 0.005 + 0.025 \u003d 0.15 (g).
0.15 * 1000 \u003d 150 (mg).
Gram - This is a unit of measurement of the mass belonging to the system of metric measures. Gram It is one of the main units of the system of absolute SGS measures (centimeter, grams, second) - widely used before the adoption of the international measurement system (C). Denoted as g or g. It is a multiple of a mass measurement unit kilogram It is one of the basic units of C, denotes kg or kg.
The main " Medicines » 0 3 g how many will be in milligrams. How many milligrams in gram and why it is necessary to know.
