What if there is no time, everything exists in the present moment, and this is the fundamental principle of the Universe that our scientists are still trying to understand? Time does not exist, and quantum theory only confirms this? Some things are closer to you in time, some are further away, just like in space. But the idea that time flows around us can be as absurd as the fluidity of space.
The problem of time appeared a hundred years ago, when Einstein's special and general theories of relativity destroyed the idea of time as a universal constant. One of the consequences was that the past, present and future are not absolute. Einstein's theories also created a schism in physics because the rules of general relativity (which describe gravity and the large-scale structure of the cosmos) seem incompatible with the rules of quantum physics (which operate on the smallest scales).
According to Einstein's theory of special relativity, there is no way to define events so that they can be designated as occurring simultaneously. Two events that happen “now” for you will happen at different times for everyone moving at a different speed. Other people will see different “nows,” which may or may not contain elements of your “now.”
The result is a picture of the so-called block universe: the universe appears as a static, unchanging "block" as opposed to the traditional worldview. You can mark in all possible ways what you consider “now,” but this place will be no different from any other place, except that you are nearby. The past and the future are no more physically different than left and right.
The equations of physics don't tell us what events are happening right now - it's like a map without the "you are here" symbol. The moment of the present simply does not exist in them, as well as the passage of time. Moreover, Einstein's theories of relativity suggest that not only is there no common present, but all moments are equally real.
Nearly forty years ago, renowned physicist John Wheeler of Princeton and Bryce de Witt of the University of North Carolina developed an extraordinary equation that provided a possible framework for unifying relativity and quantum mechanics. But the Wheeler-DeWitt equation has always been controversial, in part because it adds another puzzling twist to our understanding of time.
“You could say that time has simply disappeared from the Wheeler-DeWitt equation,” says Carlo Rovelli, a physicist at the University of the Mediterranean in Marseille, France. - This is a question that puzzles many theorists. Maybe, The best way thinking about quantum reality is to abandon the concept of time so that the fundamental description of the universe is timeless."
One could say that the better we understand consciousness, the better we understand time. Consciousness is a formless invisible field of energy of endless dimensions and possibilities, the substrate of all things, independent of time, space, place. It embraces the entire existence without the limitations of time and dimension, registering all events, no matter how small, right down to the instantaneous thought. The relationship between time and consciousness is limited by a person's point of view, although in fact it is limitless.
No time
The solution to the problem of time in physics and cosmology according to Julian Barbour is simple: there is no such thing as time.
“If you try to take control of time, it always slips through your fingers,” Barbour says. - People are sure that they have time, but they cannot access it. I think they can’t access it because it doesn’t exist at all.”
Barbour's radicalism stems from years of searching for answers to questions in classical and quantum physics. Isaac Newton thought that time is like a river, flowing at the same speed everywhere. Einstein changed this picture by unifying space and time into a single four-dimensional space-time. But even Einstein could not define time as a measure of change. According to Barbour, the issue needs to be turned on its head. Evoking the ghost of Parmenides, Barbour sees each individual moment as whole, complete, and existing in itself. He calls these moments “nows.”
“As we live our lives, we move through a series of nows,” says Barbour. “The question is, what are they?” For Barbour, each "now" is the location of everything in the universe. “I have a strong feeling that things have certain positions in relation to each other. I'm trying to abstract away from everything we can't see (directly or indirectly) and just keep this idea of many things coexisting at the same time. These are just “nows”, nothing more or less.”
Nowadays, Barbour can be imagined as the pages of a novel, torn from the spine and scattered randomly on the floor. Each page is a separate unit, existing outside of time and without time. Arranging pages in a specific order and moving them step by step creates a story. But regardless of the order, each page will be complete and independent. As Barbour says, "a jumping cat is not the same as a falling cat." Barbour is trying to return the concept of time to Platonic ideas, when time will be unshakable, integral and absolute.
Our illusion of the past arises because each "now" contains objects that act as "records" in Barbour's language. “The only proof of the past week is your memories. But memories come from a stable structure of neurons in your actual brain. The only evidence we have of Earth's past is rocks and fossils. But these are stable structures arranged in the form of minerals that we are currently studying. The point is that we only have these records and they all exist “now”.
Time, from this point of view, does not exist separately from the universe. There are no clocks ticking outside of space. Many of us perceive time like Newton: “Absolute, true and mathematical time, by its very essence, flows uniformly, regardless of anything external.” But Einstein proved that time is part of the fabric of the universe. Contrary to what Newton thought, our ordinary clocks do not measure something independent of the universe.
The word "mechanics" in the term "quantum mechanics" means a machine, a predictable, workable, knowable thing. The Quantum Universe in which we live, whether we like it or not, on the surface appears mechanical and linear, but it is not. It is better described as an infinite number of possible linear actions. This science could be called "quantum ecology" instead of "quantum mechanics" because it is created from within. Everything that emerges from invisibility does so like a living organism.
In quantum mechanics, all particles of matter and energy can be described as waves. Waves have an unusual property: an infinite number of them can exist in one place. If one day it is proven that time and space consist of quanta, these quanta will exist all together in one dimensionless point.
The current prevailing paradigm in the world is that if a thing cannot be explained, detailed, analyzed and documented by linear scientific thought processes, then it is nonsense. If you have a spiritual explanation for human existence, then you are crazy from a scientific point of view, living in your own little world. Scientific thinking tells us that everything in the universe can be explained either now or in the future using analytical scientific methods. Science says: in the absence of scientific proof, the subject is not worth discussing. If it can’t be put in a box with a tag, forget about it.” Obviously, many see limitations in human development in this approach. But this issue is too controversial.
The behavior of a quantum particle cannot be explained by science alone, nor can it be explained in terminology that our minds can understand, because our minds, by their natural functions, believe that reality consists of things, things can be broken down into small components and explained in a linear mechanical style. To understand how wrong this view is, it is enough to remember that we live in a relative world and interact with other conscious beings and the universe in a linear manner. This is the nature of the mind. You need to go beyond it to find answers.
According to physicists, life is described by a series of slices: here you are a child, now you had breakfast today, here you are reading this article, and each slice exists motionlessly in its own time. We generate a flow of time because we believe that the same self who had breakfast this morning is reading the actual article.
So why do we need time? Einstein, for example, presented the timeless universe he helped create with this obituary, like a consolation for the untimely death of a friend: “Now he [the friend] left this strange world a little before me. This means nothing. People like us who believe in physics know that the difference between past, present and future is just a persistent illusion.”
Scientists at the Bistra Research Center in Ptu, Slovenia, have theorized that Newton's idea of time as an absolute measure that moves on its own, and that time is the fourth existing dimension, are incorrect. They proposed replacing these concepts of time with a new view that relates better to the physical world: time is just a numerological order of physical changes.
This view does not mean that time does not exist, but rather that time is more related to space than to the idea of absolute time. In other words, if the concept of four-dimensional space-time assumes the existence of three spatial dimensions and one time, then the new paradigm says that it is more correct to represent space-time as four dimensions of real space. Which means the universe is inherently “timeless.”
In two recent publications in Physics Essays, Amrit Sorli, David Fiscaletti, and Duzan Clinard explain that we are accustomed to thinking of time as an absolute quantity that acts as an independent variable (time t is often plotted on the X-axis of graphs depicting the evolution of a physical system ). But as they point out, we never actually measure t. What we measure is the frequency and rate of change of an object. But t itself is just a mathematical quantity and has no physical existence.
“Minkowski space is not three-dimensional + time, it is four-dimensional,” the scientists write in their article. “The view that time is a physical entity in which material changes occur has here been replaced by the more convenient view that time is merely the numerological order of material changes. This view is more consistent with the physical world and better explains instantaneous physical phenomena: gravity, electrostatic interaction, and many others."
“The idea that time is the fourth dimension of space has not brought much progress to physics and, strictly speaking, is in conflict with the formalism of special relativity,” they say. “We are now developing a paradigm of three-dimensional quantum space based on the work of Max Planck. Apparently, the universe is three-dimensional from the macro level to the micro level in the Planck volume, which is three-dimensional. In this three-dimensional space there is no “length contraction”, there is no “time dilation”. What really exists is the rate of material change in the relativistic Einsteinian sense.”
Researchers offer this example of this concept of time: imagine a photon that moves between two points in space. The distance between these two points consists of Planck distances, each of which represents the smallest distance a photon can travel (the fundamental unit of this movement is Planck time). When a photon travels the Planck distance, it moves exclusively in space, but not in absolute time, scientists explain. The photon can be thought of as moving from point 1 to point 2, and its position at point 1 "precedes" its position at point 2 in the sense that number 1 comes before number 2 in numerological order. And numerological order is not equivalent to time order. In other words, number 1 does not exist before number 2 in time, but only in numerological order.
By eliminating the use of time as the fourth dimension of spacetime, the physical world can be described more accurately. As physicist Enrico Prati noted in his recent paper, Hamiltonian dynamics (the equations in classical mechanics) is generally perfectly described without the concept of absolute time.
Other scientists point out that the mathematical model of space-time does not correspond to physical reality, and suggest that “timeless” space will allow for a more accurate model. In addition, scientists are studying the issue of falsifiability of these two definitions of time.
The concept of time as the fourth dimension of space - that is, the fundamental physical entity in which the experiment takes place - can be falsified by an experiment in which time does not exist, scientists say.
An example of an experiment in which time is not presented as a fundamental entity is the Columbus experiment; mathematically, this experiment occurs only in space. On the other hand, in the concept of time as a numerological order of change, space is the fundamental physical entity in which the experiment takes place. In turn, this concept can be falsified by an experiment in which time (measured by a clock) is not the numerological order of material changes, and such an experiment is not yet known.
“Newton's theory of absolute time is unfalsifiable; you can neither prove it nor disprove it—you have to believe it,” says Sorley. “The theory of time as the fourth dimension of space is falsifiable, and in our last paper we showed that there is good reason to believe that it is wrong. Based on experimental data, we can say that time is what we measure with the help of a clock: and with the help of a clock we measure precisely the numerological order of material changes, that is, movement in space.”
In addition to a more accurate description of the nature of physical reality, the new concept of time also allows us to resolve Zeno's paradox of Achilles and the tortoise. In this paradox, fleet-footed Achilles gives the tortoise a head start in the race. But although Achilles runs ten times faster than the tortoise, he will never be able to catch up with it, since for every unit of distance that Achilles runs, the tortoise also covers 1/10 of that distance. Thus, every time Achilles reaches the point where the tortoise was, it is always ahead of him. And since the conclusion that Achilles will never catch up with the tortoise is obviously false, there are many different explanations for why the argument from this paradox is flawed.
The paradox can be resolved by redefining speed so that the speed of each of the runners comes from the numerological order of their movement, rather than their movement and direction in time. From this point of view, Achilles and the tortoise are moving only through space, and Achilles can outrun the tortoise in space, but not in absolute time.
In addition, some recent research has cast doubt on the theory that the brain represents time using an “internal” clock that emits neurological tics. Instead, the theory suggests that the brain represents time in a spatially distributed manner, detecting the activation of different groups of neurons. And although we perceive events as occurring in the past, present or future, these concepts may simply be a psychological frame in which we simply experience material changes in space.
Time doesn't exist...
Excerpt from the book of Russian scientist Nikolai Levashov " Heterogeneous Universe"
Chapter 2.1. Statement of a question
Before starting to create any theory of the universe, it is necessary to define the concepts that create the foundation of this theory. Without a clear definition of the initial and boundary conditions, a full-fledged theory cannot be created.
Let's first define what time is. For a long time, time was recognized as absolute, and only in the twentieth century, when creating his theory, Einstein proposed the idea of the relative nature of time and introduced time as the fourth dimension.
But before determining the absolute or relative nature of time, it is necessary to determine what time is?! For some reason, everyone has forgotten that time is a conventional value introduced by man himself and does not exist in nature.
There are periodic processes in nature that people use as a standard for coordinating their actions with others. In nature, there are processes of transition of matter from one state or form to another. These processes proceed faster or slower, and they are real and material.
In the Universe, processes of matter transition from one state to another, from one quality to another, are continuously occurring, and they can be reversible and irreversible. Reversible processes do not affect the qualitative state of matter. If a qualitative change in matter occurs, irreversible processes are observed. In such processes, the evolution of matter goes in one direction - from one quality to another, and therefore it is possible to quantitatively evaluate these phenomena.
Thus, processes of change in matter occurring in one direction are observed in nature. A kind of “river” of matter arises, having its own sources and mouth. Matter taken from this “river” has a past, present and future.
The past is the qualitative state of matter that it had before, the present is the qualitative state in this moment, and the future is the qualitative state that this matter will take after the destruction of the existing qualitative state.
The irreversible process of qualitative transformation of matter from one state to another occurs with at a certain speed. At different points in space, the same processes can occur at different speeds, and, in some cases, it varies over a fairly wide range.
To measure this speed, man came up with a conventional unit called the second. Seconds merged into minutes, minutes into hours, hours into days, etc. The unit of measurement was periodic processes of nature, such as the daily rotation of the planet around its axis and the period of revolution of the planet around the Sun. The reason for this choice is simple: ease of use in everyday life. This unit of measurement was called the unit of time and began to be used everywhere.
An interesting fact is that many peoples, initially isolated from each other, created very close calendars, which could differ in the number of days in the week, the beginning of the new year, but the length of the year was very close to each other. It was the introduction of a conventional unit of time that allowed humanity to organize its activities and simplify interaction between people.
A unit of time is one of greatest inventions human, but you must always remember the initial fact: it is an artificially created quantity that describes the speed of the qualitative transition of matter from one state to another.
There are periodic processes in nature that served as the basis for the creation of this conventional unit. These periodic processes are objective and real, but the units of time created by man are conditional and unreal.
Therefore, any use of time as a real dimension of space has no basis. The fourth dimension - the dimension of time - simply does not exist in nature. It is the everydayness and ubiquity of the use of time units that accompany a person from the first moment of his life to the last that very often create the illusion of the reality of time.
What is real is not time, but the processes occurring in matter, the unit of measurement of which is the unit of time. There is a subconscious substitution of one for the other and, as an inevitable result of such a substitution of a real process with a unit of its measurement - the merging in the human consciousness of one with the other - played with Homo Sapiens a cruel joke.
Theories of the universe began to be created, in which time was accepted as an objective reality. Objective reality is the processes occurring in matter, and not a conventional unit for measuring the speed of these processes.
In other words, in the initial and border conditions creation of theories of the universe, a subjective value was mistakenly introduced. And this subjective value, with the development of these theories of the universe, became one of the “pitfalls” against which these theories of the universe “broke.”
admin. For a more complete understanding, we recommend that you read the books of the Russian scientist Nikolai Levashov:
Hypotheses
SPACE AND TIME: CONCEPTS GENERATED BY SPECIAL FILTERS OF THINKING
Among the most important philosophical concepts on which the foundations of our worldview rest, the concepts of “space” and “time” are in a special position. Many great thinkers have tried to penetrate into the essence of these concepts. And, although even a child intuitively understands what space and time are, the attempts of thinkers to express this clarity in words do not provide satisfactory formulations - something important certainly slips away, and even several volumes of commentaries do not help to grasp this escaped something.
The situation is also complicated by the fact that space and time are not directly accessible to us through experience. No one has ever measured space - but they measured lengths, areas, volumes; similarly, no one has ever measured time - only durations have been measured. This was done like this: they found out how many times a standard meter would fit along the fence, or how many times a standard clock would tick from bell to bell. We received relationships between lengths and between durations - and nothing more than that, no touches on space and time! Reasoning impartially, we must conclude: not a single experiment confirms that space and time are an objective reality. A seditious thought immediately comes to mind: aren’t space and time a subjective reality, i.e. the product of the thinking subject itself? Moreover, the thinker is not free!
Indeed, the intuitive clarity, but the impossibility of formulating, the comparison of these symptoms leads to the suspicion that in the question of the essence of space and time we are dealing with the work of some special limiter of our thinking. It is known that both perception and the subject’s worldview have their limitations - for example, perception filters, as well as prejudices about “what can be and what cannot be.” Therefore, it is not surprising that the subject’s thinking also has limitations, which we will call thinking filters. The origin of thinking filters is very simple: all our thinking is organized algorithmically, and each algorithm by which we think is itself a thinking filter - because when it works, the subject thinks exactly as this algorithm prescribes, and not otherwise. Note that the subject is free to reconfigure his system of thinking filters within wide limits - as well as sets of perception filters and presets in his worldview. However, with regard to the filters of thinking associated with the essence of space and time, it seems that the subject has no control over these filters.
If this is indeed the case, then this means that space-time filters are deeply embedded in our thinking: in fact, they are involved in the formation of all our thoughts. In other words: we cannot think around these filters. And this state of affairs is not without meaning!
Indeed, this meaning becomes clearer if we assume that space-time filters were deliberately installed in the mental processors of people - in order to maximally adapt their thinking to the realities of the physical world in which they live and act. physical bodies. Already babies, learning to navigate the environment, begin to distinguish what is “here” and what is “there”, and not just “there”, but “close” or “far”, and also what is “now” and “not now,” and not just “not now,” but “before” or “after,” and if “after,” then “soon” or “not soon.” To put it in the jargon of programmers, space-time filters in the subject’s thinking create the most user-friendly environment within which the user, i.e. the subject formulates his judgments - since this environment most adequately corresponds to the laws of existence at the physical level of reality.
The fact that all this seems to be true is evidenced by the following fact: all those who, in altered states of consciousness, have experienced the experience of being on other levels of reality, unanimously affirm that at those levels our usual ideas about space and time are completely unsuitable. As an additional illustration of this fact, we can give the following very rough analogy, involving a personal computer, in which the physical level of reality corresponds to the picture on the monitor, and the software level of reality corresponds to the contents of the hard disk. The inhabitant of the world of virtual reality, drawn on the monitor screen, knows well what is “close” and what is “far”: to get from one place on the monitor to another, you need to drag along the pixels, and the greater the number of them, the more therefore, further. But, although everything that happens on the monitor is encrypted on the hard drive, the monitor approach no longer works there. The hard drive is divided into sectors - small areas into which file fragments are written. One file can be recorded on several sectors located in various parts of the hard disk. Files that form widely spaced objects on the monitor may be adjacent to some of their fragments on a hard disk, but not to others. That is, the concepts of “further” and “closer” for a hard disk - and, accordingly, for the software level of reality - do not make sense. So it turns out that thinking, well adapted to the realities of the physical level, cannot adequately judge the realities of the program level.
In addition, the space-time filters of thinking that ensure this good fitness play the following joke on us. As noted above, not a single judgment of ours bypasses these filters, and moreover: our ideas about space and time are, in fact, these same filters. Thus, trying to penetrate into the essence of space and time, we are trying to force our thinking instrument to examine itself - we are trying to make sure that the cognizing subject himself acts as the cognizable object. But such a task is impossible if the research tool is an algorithm or program. A research program fundamentally cannot examine itself; it can only examine something external to it, otherwise it will fail in unpredictable ways. That is why, in order to correctly combine the cognizable object with the cognizing subject, i.e. To explore yourself, you need to go beyond programs, and, therefore, beyond thinking - you need to experience a spiritual takeoff. Those who succeeded experienced enlightenment. It is not without reason that among the many methods aimed at achieving enlightenment, there are the following: the student is given the task of hearing (or seeing) himself. “Know yourself!” - this is the universal motto of all who thirst for spiritual growth.
There is no doubt that among those who pondered the essence of space and time, someone managed to rise above their thinking and experience enlightenment. But they did not write books: what was revealed to them were “words unspeakable.” Books about the essence of space and time were written by and for those who make judgments prescribed by the space-time filters of thinking. And, of course, writers and readers are not to blame for the fact that these filters, if directed to filter themselves, can only produce some kind of “wisdom of this world.”
It is interesting to follow the main milestones in the history of the deepening of this “wisdom”. Noticing that all our thinking occurs within the framework of ideas about space and time, many philosophers have drawn the conclusion that space and time are universal forms of existence of all things. Physicists highly appreciated this gift. Before Einstein, they only had ideas about space and time, but no theories of space and time, since they all still understood that space and time are not a physical reality. But serious problems were discovered in the physical picture of the world, and to make ends meet, Einstein said: “Yes, we do not understand what space-time is, but let’s assume that it can be curved.” This, to put it mildly, did not add to the understanding, but it was striking in its courage. After all, taking into account what we tried to present here, the following was actually stated: “We are not satisfied with our space-time filters of thinking” - which, as we remember, most adequately correspond to the realities of the physical world. Consequently, the assumption of the curvature of space-time to resolve certain theoretical problems is just an assumption of the corresponding curvature of thinking. And if the extreme degree of curvature of space-time lies, as theorists say, in the formation of a “black hole,” then one should clearly understand where this “black hole” is formed - after all, there are no curvatures at the physical level of reality. Physicists might argue that the curvature of space-time is observed experimentally. This is not true: in experience, as we have already said, physical facts are observed, for example, a change in the rate of ticking of a particular clock; and the curvature of space-time is just one of the possible interpretations of these facts, and the interpretation is not the best, because it is absurd. Unfortunately, those physicists who honestly admitted that they did not understand what curvature of space-time is were in the minority. But fans of speculation howled with delight. After all, if space-time is capable of curvature, then why not endow it with some other interesting properties? For example, like those that space actually has more than three dimensions, and time has more than one – it’s just that for us these redundant dimensions are supposedly “collapsed”. Similar, as well as other, wildest fantasies of topological geometers were discussed in all seriousness. Finally, the question was raised: if physicists discuss theories of space-time for a long time and persistently, then what can these theories describe if not physical reality? And the status of physical reality of space-time was awarded - with all the ensuing consequences, the main one of which is the presence of energy in space-time. The requirements for theories of space-time have increased: now it is not enough to allow curvature, now it is also necessary to clarify issues with energy - where it comes from, what it is, and whether it can be used for practical needs... And so, the flow of these explanations does not dry up and this day. Some theorists take the energy of space-time out of thin air, others suck it out of thin air, others offer some alternative sources... Anyone can try to contribute here.
After all, while we are thinking, the space-time filters of thinking are working, and this means that time flows and space extends.
August-November 2002. http://andmbe.euro.ru/spa-time.htm
Space and time
According to modern concepts, the Universe we now observe arose 13.7 ± 0.13 billion years ago from some initial “singular” state and has been continuously expanding and cooling since then. St. Augustine argued that time is a property of the universe that appeared along with itself. Because, clearly scientific explanation such a paradox does not exist, George Gamow proposed to call the Augustinian era the state of the Universe “before” and “at the moment” of the Big Bang. This state is often called the zero point or cosmological singularity. And again we are faced with mathematization, which involuntarily divides the entire Universe into “living” and “non-living”, into matter and consciousness. It would be ridiculous to call a pregnant woman an “object with a singularity point,” separating her mind and body, and considering the fetus separately as a kind of “zero point.” We became proud of the achievements of our science, placed ourselves above Nature, shamelessly calling ourselves its crown. And this is not surprising, because... and we and our “civilization” are constantly degrading, turning all living things into mechanisms that are easier for us to study and understand. Our distant ancestors were much wiser and smarter than us, considering the entire Cosmos, the entire Universe as a constantly changing and continuously emerging Life. Therefore, initially our Universe was born, like all living things, in the womb, in the Cosmic Egg. It’s difficult for us to understand this image, so it’s easier and more common to call everything the “Big Bang.” Using Lorentz transformations, the principle of diversity of his model of space-time, foldability under certain conditions, A. Einstein developed the concept of SRT (special theory of relativity) and GTR (general theory of relativity). It postulates that gravitational effects are caused not by the force interaction of bodies and fields located in space-time, but by the deformation of itself; space-time, which is associated, in particular, with the presence of mass-energy. This is precisely the most important thing in his theory. All observed physical effects are a consequence of space-time deformation. And now let us return again to the Cosmic Egg, described in ancient cosmogonies. Any theoretical physicist knows that a law describing a particular state of matter must be short, concise and understandable. Multi-story mathematical models are difficult to understand, and are only the fruit of the creativity of scientists who, like composers, see and listen to the music of their speculative concepts. There is hardly a mathematician in our world who can create a mathematical model of the origin and development of life in chicken egg or at least the process of cell mitosis. But why do they have the courage to make models of the birth of the Universe? The modern concept of space-time is just a mathematical abstract thing. Take, for example, amitosis (direct cell division). After all, if the mother cell is considered as a space in which time flows, then during replication two identical DNA molecules are formed, attached to cell membrane, which grows between these molecules and two daughter cells are obtained, endowed with their own space and time. It turns out that time is one of the characteristics of space, and not vice versa. It is impossible to come up with a simple physical formula, equation, or create a full-scale mathematical model to describe this process, because it is written in the DNA program, which is information center ensuring all life processes of the cell itself. Much attention is paid to gravitational processes in the Universe, active search The emergence of gravity carriers (gravitons) in high-energy physics is a consequence of the fallacy of the model of the origin of the world that is now dominant - the Big Bang theory. Within the framework of this theory, the explosion of protomatter led to the formation of helium and hydrogen atoms. The subsequent expansion of the Universe created the conditions for the emergence of centers of gravity, which played a “creative”, guiding role in the formation of stars and planets. Thus, gravity, willingly or unwillingly, began to perform the function of “cosmic intelligence” or what DNA is in a cell. But gravity in the Big Universe is only a consequence of the manifestation of more mighty force- programs for the birth and development of the Universe. We know nothing about Space, about Space, about the laws of the Universe, so we are marking time, paying excessive attention to the study of subatomic particles, synthesis processes, where energy is converted into matter, naively believing that it is there that the “secrets of the world” are hidden. The problem of the formation, development and functionality of Space is much more important than the research of the microcosm, where we observe the effects predetermined by this Space. Based on the fractal model of the structure of the Universe, we will explore the mechanisms of the emergence of its spatial structures. Back in school, we got used to the statement that a cell is the simplest biological object. But in fact it's very complex design. One of the most important elements of its structure is the nucleus, which is a repository of genetic information. The nucleus (lat. nucleus) is one of the structural components of a eukaryotic cell, containing genetic information (DNA molecules), performing the main functions: storage, transmission and implementation of hereditary information, ensuring protein synthesis. The nucleus consists of chromatin, core, karyoplasm (or nucleoplasm) and nuclear membrane. In the cell nucleus, replication (or reduplication) occurs - doubling of DNA molecules, as well as transcription - the synthesis of RNA molecules on a DNA molecule. RNA molecules synthesized in the nucleus are modified and then released into the cytoplasm. The formation of both ribosomal subunits occurs in special education cell nucleus - nucleoli. Thus, the cell nucleus is not only the repository of genetic information, but also the place where this material functions and reproduces. In quantum mechanics, during the study of structural units atomic nuclei chemical elements, in particular protons, came to the conclusion that they consist of charges (quarks), which are divided according to certain characteristics - “color”, “aroma” and “oddities”, “charms”, “charm”. This direction is called quantum chromodynamics or QCD (gauge theory of quantum fields). Of course, quarks do not exhibit any aroma, color, odor or other fancy “taste and color” characteristics, but these charges are very specific, which is why such a sophisticated classification of them was invented. All these phenomena are considered based on the theory of probabilistic development of the Universe, i.e. a certain self-organization of the structure from the multiple ratio of the numbers of probabilistic cases leading to the organization of the structure of the Universe, but not from the fact that everything develops according to a certain program. The development of genetics completely refutes these postulates of physics and opens the way to comprehensive studies of the nature of the Universe, including the information (intelligent) component. Therefore, the cosmogonic models of the structure of the Universe of our distant ancestors, reflected in traditions, legends and legends, describe the process of the birth of our world as accurately as possible. The Universe develops from the Cosmic Womb, the Cosmic Egg and is like a Lotus flower or the Tree of Knowledge. So what is this Cosmic Womb in terms of modern science? This is a "black hole". And the point of singularity is the “bud of a lotus flower” or the future building material of the Universe, with its roots entering the mother’s “black hole”. This means that our world receives energy for birth and development from another space, the maternal Universe, “pregnant” with our world. This will seem incomprehensible, anti-scientific and incredible, but our world is not born from “nothing”, and the space that gives birth to it already has a certain experience and knowledge that is transferred to the new world. THE BIRTH OF THE UNIVERSE The semantic meaning of the definition “Universe” in this article should be understood as a “daughter” Universe or Megauniverse, i.e. a new formation, which includes many other formations, born during the development process through the transformation of the Primary or Zero Space, the entirety of which represents a Single Living Cosmic Organism. Modern astrophysics operates with the concept of the multiverse, which was first voiced by W. James in 1895. This is a hypothetical set of all really existing parallel universes. This article is not about the formation of many other worlds, but about the Space of the Universe (megaverse), integral part which is the space of our universe as a Unified Life System. The birth of a new Universe occurs in two ways. The reason for the first option is the pulsation of the “mother body” of the Universe. In fact, pulsation is nothing more than the normal growth of the body. After reaching a certain “age,” the Universe stops expanding and begins to contract. The amount of internal energy increases sharply, and in order to save one’s “organism” from inevitable death, excess energy is released into the “external environment.” The external environment is the space of “pure vacuum” and at the same time another dimension in relation to the space and dimension of the “mother” Universe. At the same time, a center of gravitational compression (singularity point) appears in external space, which leads to the curvature of the space of pure vacuum (it can be called zero space). The resulting domain is filled with a flow of electromagnetic energy, which, due to the rotation of the mother universe around its gravitational center, spreads in a loop in the resulting space, gradually turning into a spiral and forming at the boundaries of its distribution an electromagnetic foam several hundred billion light years in size, which forms the outer boundary of the new space. Simultaneously with this process, an “information hologram” of the structure of the mother universe (phantom) unfolds in the formed curved space. Then, as in an ordinary organism, the development of the core (singularity point) occurs according to the program embedded in the information field (hologram or phantom), i.e. filling space with energy transformed into matter. The excess energy of the mother Universe is injected through the center of gravity (singularity point). The energy at the compression point (singularity point) is transformed into a flow of elementary particles, some of which form helium and hydrogen molecules, and the rest, represented mainly by photons and neutrinos, is scattered in a new space. During the expansion process, light (massless) particles are forced out to the periphery, and then beyond the boundary of the formed space of the Universe of the first level and fill the Zero Space. Thus, it turns out that the Primordial (null space) is mainly filled with photons and neutrinos. Photons are clamped on one side by a highly “compacted” electromagnetic foam, which does not allow them to go beyond the boundary of Zero Space, on the other hand, they are constantly densified by the expanding space of the first-order universe and form a luminous boundary or halo. If an observer saw this picture from the side of the Space of Pure Vacuum, then at first he would be blinded by an extremely bright flash of light, and then he would see that at the site of the flash a huge black hole had formed, outlined by a light, matte outline of the remnant of matter drawn in by it, which had managed to scatter during the expansion stage. An observer, continuing to record events over hundreds of billions of years, could see that after a certain period of time the black hole is outlined by a halo of light, and behaves like a pulsar. The process of releasing excess energy through the singularity point leads to a cooling of the space of the mother Universe and a sudden increase in the temperature of the space of the daughter Universe. After several such “injections,” the umbilical cord connecting the mother and daughter universes is destroyed, which leads to the expansion of new space. Atoms and molecules of matter formed during high-temperature synthesis accumulate in the force gravitational nodes of the resulting space into huge molecular clouds and the first stars appear in their place. The initial (zero) Space, which arose at the beginning of the birth of the Universe, begins to expand, squeezing photons and neutrinos, which leads to an increase in the strength of the electromagnetic field at the boundaries of its domain. Having reached the “critical limit” of expansion, Null Space begins to compress the space domain of the first-order universe, while the former singularity point, which is the common geometric center, turns into a giant black hole and becomes the common gravitational center for Null Space and the space of the first-order universe. The excess mass and energy of the matter of the first-order universe goes into it, taking with it the “duplicate of the hologram of the mother universe,” throwing it all into a “new” space, which is the subspace of the first-level Universe. In this subspace, according to the laid down program, many singularity points are formed, which are the embryos of second generation stars. If we consider this process in a single space, it turns out that the gravitational center (large black hole) of the Universe of the first level breaks up into many black holes of various sizes, manifested in subspace as hidden gravitational centers. It is necessary to clarify that in the case of the formation of a subspace of the Universe of the first level, a sharp boundary between two spaces, which is observed when a daughter Universe arises from the mother Universe, does not occur. She for a long time as if “blurred”. Therefore, there is a free transfer of matter from one space to another. The first-level matter of the Universe is hydrogen and helium, formed during thermonuclear fusion in first-order stars. During the natural death of stars, in addition to helium, heavier elements are formed, which are represented in the first groups and rows of the periodic system of D.I. Mendeleev (carbon, oxygen, silicon). In a first-order universe, stars at the end of their lives collapse to form a local black hole, which transfers matter (part of the helium, carbon, oxygen and silicon) to the second-order universe. The boundary of the event horizon between the Universe of the first level and the Universe of the second level is finally formed only after the second Universe reaches a certain mass and size. Such transitions with the formation of subspace occur several times, depending on the information-holographic phantom of the mother Universe. Each individual star, in turn, distorts the original space of the second level Universe, which leads to the prerequisites for the formation of another “subspace” in which third generation stars and planetary systems can arise in accordance with the information hologram of the “mother universe”. The resulting two- and three-level universe is similar in structure to the mother one, but small changes or deviations from the program occur already during the second generation of stars and during the subsequent formation of planetary systems. The reason for the second option is the degeneration or natural death of the mother Universe, when, during the next cycle of expansion, several gravitational centers are formed in it, which leads to a “rupture of the general space” and local gravitational collapse in these centers. The matter and energy of these formations flows through the resulting black hole into a new space in which the same processes described above occur. TOPOLOGY OF SPACE Speaking about the phantom of the “mother universe”, it is necessary to consider the question of what this hologram is. To fully understand, we need to clarify how we perceive the world around us. Let's say we look at a flowerbed and see a wide variety of colors and shades, various shapes plants. The light reflected from this object is perceived by our eye and turns into weak electrical signals that activate certain areas of the brain in which the visualization process occurs. Thus, it turns out that we see the image of this flowerbed within ourselves, i.e. the world transmitted from outside to inside us. The hologram of the “mother universe” looks similar. It can be perceived in two ways - by an “outside observer” and by an “internal observer.” The “outside observer” sees a picture of a spindle or spiral wound around a central rod. In turn, the turns of this spiral are entwined with a double thread, with numerous balls of various sizes and colors. Above the rod, in the upper part, there is a large ball, shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow; in the lower part of the central rod there is an equally large black ball, sparkling with a matte black iridescence. Isn't this image similar to the structure of DNA? But still he is different from her. If we look from the inside, we will see many different worlds, stars and planets, creatures of the most diverse forms, including people. Inside this formation, the observer can move with the power of thought from one planet to another, can get to another galaxy or star system in a matter of seconds. This is a purely virtual world, built on the principle computer game. You control your character as you wish, you can take the form of any creature of this world, including the planet and the sun, you can build the most fantastic instruments and devices. In this world, you have all the knowledge on the structure, functioning, work in general and individual components of the organism of the Universe. You know who you are and where you came from, you know the whole history of not only the Universe where you live, but also the entire Universe. But at this moment you can sit at your computer monitor, walk the dog or just sleep. In fact, in your consciousness, inside you, the Information Field of the Universe is displayed. But, despite the fact that this virtual world is nothing more than a prototype or phantom of the mother Universe, it is the “visual body” of the Unified Control System of all universes, of any level, that arose during the implementation of the development program of the daughter Universe (for us the Megaverse) . This world can be called the world of combinatorics of various development options, because After the formation of the Universe of the first level, the general program is modified due to the huge amount of information received from its objects and the conditions of their formation. Therefore, when the Universe of the second level is formed, a slightly adjusted or modified development program is already in effect. The information field of the daughter Universe is a common communication channel for all universes of different levels (spaces and subspaces) included in it, despite the fact that they are separated by domain walls and have their own time reference. This field is called the Global Information Field of the Universe. The image of a phantom is a prototype of the general power frame of the future universe (megaverse), therefore the topology of all formed spaces and subspaces is of a spindle-shaped or spiral type. This means that all centers of gravity that exist in a non-manifested form as black holes, but in a manifested form as planets, stars, solar systems, star clusters, galaxies, galaxy clusters, are located in the space of the manifested universe of one level or another in a spiral (spindle-shaped) manner. Therefore, the continuous expansion of our universe observed by astrophysicists is just an illusion caused by the fact that, being on any part of the spiral, the observer will see how galaxies scatter from the conventional center of the Universe, although they simply move in a spiral. It should be noted that the size of the first level Universe is several orders of magnitude larger than the size of the second level Universe, the size of which is tens of orders of magnitude bigger than the universe third level. Therefore, figuratively, the entire organism of the Megaverse can be represented in the form of concentric circles or “matryoshka dolls”. The entire diversity of universes is “packed” in the Primary (zero) Space, which arose before the emergence of the Universe of the first level (daughter universe) and then differentiated into subspaces, which are the space in which universes of different orders were deployed. In our space, all universes of a different order are perceived as “black matter” and “black energy”. The image of an information hologram gives a clear idea of both the distribution of space in the Megaverse and the space-time continuum. Schematically, it looks like concentric circles with a central point (top view), an inverted triangle with its vertex down (side view), and in the three-dimensional version it is a concentric funnel-type spiral. For all universes of any rank that are part of the Megaverse, there is a single gravitational center into which the former singularity point or, in the language of mythology, turned into, the seed from which the trunk of the world tree was formed. This Cosmic Axis of the Universe is a dual structure. On the one hand, this is a giant black hole that was formed during the rupture of the umbilical cord connecting the mother and daughter universes, and into which part of the matter and energy of the first-order Universe was drawn. On the other hand, these are singularity points of the universe of the second and third order, which, after the formation of their domains, were transformed into central black holes. This common gravitational center is not observable and is located beyond the event horizon for all universes. In the outer space of our universe, we observe only local black and white holes that arise during the death of stars and their birth. The Cosmic Axis, if you look beyond the event horizon, is a transport channel of energy, the “spinal column” or “spine” of the Universe, balancing the energy of the entire Organism of the Megaverse. Accordingly, all management functions and the Global Information Field are concentrated in it. If we, hypothetically, sat in spaceship and flew to the center of our universe, then after some time, we would see a huge glowing light channel and would fall into the zero time countdown. SPACE-TIME STRUCTURE For an observer located in our space, the Universe of the first, second and third order are the distant past. But this is just an illusion of time reference, because... they exist in real time of the Zero (primary) space of the Universe. The whole paradox of our observations is that they are all tied to the speed of propagation of electromagnetic interactions (the speed of light). In a vacuum, the speed of light is 299,792,458 m/s or 1,079,252,848.8 km/h. Therefore, the further the object is from the observer, the more significant the gap in their internal time or the time of the reference system. It turns out that we observe distant space objects as a past picture of the Universe, although they exist at a given moment in time. But, nevertheless, in STR it is postulated that the speed of movement of light waves does not depend either on the movement of the source of the waves or on the observer’s frame of reference, space and time are one structure, known as space-time, and physical laws satisfy the laws of special symmetry, which is called Lorentz invariance. But is this really so? After all, we see that each structural unit of the Space of the Megaverse is separated from this space by a domain and has its own internal reference in general and each of its elements in particular (for example, stars or planets). Despite the fact that the speed of light (c) is a fundamental physical constant and is included in all equations of quantum mechanics and Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism, we will try to prove that all these laws are not general, but particular. Epigraph in V.V. Nalimov, given in the title of this article was not chosen by chance, because. it allows you to take a sober look at all these postulates, expressed in the language of mathematical formulas and relationships. For example, we again turn to a living biological object. Any multicellular organism consists of billions of cells, each of which forms its own space in which its time passes. Cells are born and die, but, nevertheless, they are functionally connected with the entire organism as a whole, synchronized with the single time and space of this organism. If we hypothetically go inside a multicellular body, it will be dark there. As we delve deeper into the cellular, molecular and atomic level, we see an inner light that is no different from the light we see in the outer world. If we observe the entire organism from the cellular level, we will encounter the problem of the relativity of reference systems, with the same speed of light propagation in a vacuum, because from within our body, it also exists as the space of the intercellular and interatomic environment. Everything again comes down to the universal theory of the ether. Ether (luminiferous ether, from ancient Greek, the upper layer of air; lat. aether) is a hypothetical all-penetrating medium, the vibrations of which manifest themselves as electromagnetic waves (including visible light). The concept of a luminiferous ether was put forward in the 17th century by Rene Descartes and received detailed justification in the 19th century within the framework of wave optics and Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory. IN late XIX century, insurmountable difficulties arose in the theory of the ether, forcing physicists to abandon the concept of ether and recognize the electromagnetic field as a self-sufficient physical object that does not need an additional carrier. Absolute space (null space in our case) was abolished by the special theory of relativity. Oddly enough, physicists abandoned what could have served in the future to substantiate the unified field theory. It is reliably known that the zero element in the periodic system is D.I. Mendeleev had ether, which after his death was removed from it because it did not fit into the existing scientific paradigm. The difficulties of physicists are understandable, because It is impossible to connect electromagnetism with the etheric field, just as it is impossible to come up with an equation and a mathematical model for the origin and development of a living cell; it is impossible to mathematically describe an organism based on one of its cells without deciphering the DNA program laid down before its birth. It is necessary to consider the organism as a whole, and not its individual parts. Using a bolt and a nut, we cannot reconstruct the mechanism to which they belonged. And modern physicists are just trying to do this. Time, gravitational and electromagnetic interactions are just partial manifestations of Space, in this case Zero Space, which wise scientists called the ether. The Ether is a Zero Space filled with photons (gauge bosons) and neutrinos (leptons). The unique ability of neutrinos to penetrate into the cores of planets and their presence in the cores of stars makes this particle a universal carrier of both energy and information. It is known that every second across an area on Earth of 1 cm; About 6 1010 neutrinos emitted by the Sun pass through. However, they do not have any effect, for example, on the human body. At the same time, high-energy neutrinos are successfully detected by their interaction with targets. The photon is the most widespread particle in the Universe, massless, without electric charge. There are at least 20 billion photons per nucleon. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the Zero Space is filled with precisely these particles.
More details: http://earth-chronicles.ru/news/2013-11-11-54287
Quantum world of N. A. Kozyrev
Astronomer and astrophysicist N. Kozyrev - an unrecognized genius Russian science . He conducted many paradoxical and interesting experiments. The main goal of his work is to understand the properties of time. Being in Stalin's camps, he came to the conclusion that stars burn out fuel very quickly over hundreds of millions of years, and it takes the same amount of time for them to cool down. If this is so, then where does the star get its energy? In his opinion, all bodies intercept the heat of time, but the effect is noticeable on large masses (volumes). In his opinion, even such small and cooled planets as the Moon receive this energy. If so, then there should be a manifestation of volcanism on the Moon, proving that the interior of this planet is hot. The official point of view is that the Moon has completely cooled down. Using the spectral lines of matter ejected from the crater, he showed that there is volcanism on the Moon. From mathematical formulas it emerged that time is the source of this thermal energy. Indeed, in the cause-and-effect relationship between energy and time, the relationship is symmetrical. Energy is expressed through time, but time can be expressed through energy. One of his experiments is still haunting the Academy of Sciences. It consists of the following. Previously, there were telescopes that were manually adjusted to an object. It was possible to point it at a star (position 0), which is visible through the lens. But, light from a star moves to the recorder for some time, for example, light from the sun reaches the surface of the Earth in 8 minutes, i.e. is delayed, this means that the star is not in the place where it can be seen, but it is shifted by the distance that will travel during the time the light flies from the star to the Earth. Old telescopes allowed you to manually adjust the telescope to the place where the star should be. The telescope mirror was covered with velvet material so that the light of other stars would not interfere with the experiment - already a paradox, since it is proposed to look through the telescope into velvet material. The test object was placed at the focus of the eyepiece. The simplest is dissolving sugar in a glass of water, microorganisms, or Kozyrev’s torsion balance. The torsion scales were a yoke with unequal arms, which were balanced by weights. If you open a jar of ether, the arms of the scales will turn towards the jar with the long side. The opposite reaction is observed to the flowers in charge. The telescope could be adjusted so that it rotates along with the rotation of the earth, i.e. constantly monitored one position in the firmament. The test objects were placed at the focus of the influence. It turned out that the test objects reacted to the position of the telescope with a burst of activity: plants grew faster, microorganisms multiplied, and the torsion scales turned. All this was different from the control objects, which were not in the telescope lens. In addition, it was found that if the telescope is directed to the place where the star will be after its movement, then increased activity is observed at this point. The greatest response was given by test objects to the true position of the star. This experiment was repeated hundreds of times with different stars, including the Sun, with biologists involved in the research. It was accompanied by a consistently positive result. A commission from the USSR Academy of Sciences, organized by N. Kozyrev himself, did not recognize the obvious positive results experiment. The fact is that Kozyrev explained this by the difference in the flow of time, which occurs instantly for everyone at the same time, and delivers the impact energy from the star to the test objects. Official science did not accept such an explanation, and this explanation is sedition for space-time! True, they themselves did not offer anything worthwhile. I was prompted to explain the phenomenon by thinking about the asymmetry of the phenological arrival of spring and autumn relative to the dates of the equinox, the maximum and minimum length of the day. External influence causes an increase in the length of the day and the height of the solstice above the horizon. The sun is already warming quite intensely, but nature’s capacity is filled with cold, and despite the fact that the length of the day and the altitude of the solstice are like in August, there is still snow in Siberia. In autumn, the shift occurs with the opposite effect. This is explained by the fact that the impact and effect occur at different hierarchical levels of organization of the area: local molecular, local facial, landscape, regional landscape. Spring has long arrived thanks to insolation, and the effects are noticeable at the local molecular level - crusts have appeared in places, the snow has turned black, however, winter frosts are still present. The impact of solar radiation at the molecular level gradually reaches the landscape level. The landscape is the past, the terrain is the present, and the minerals that make up the terrain are the future. It’s easy to dig a “wormhole” into the future of spring, because it consists of the thermal diffusivity of the territory. A river has a travel time from source to mouth. If we count from the main river (0-order), then the mouth to the first branch is 1 order, to the second branch is 2 order, plus more branches and the last n-order. After precipitation, the n-order is first activated, and gradually reaches the mouth big river. We must understand that the river has inertia, like a natural phenomenon: The rains have passed, but there is no water at the mouth. The travel time depends on the properties of the soil in the area and the slope of the surface. The time of the precipitation quantum is measured in hours, the time of the n-order river wave is also measured in hours. The time of the quantum when the 0-order flows into the river can stretch into several days and even weeks, which actually determines the duration of the flood. In fact, N.A. With his experiment, Kozyrev described the quantum of the gravitational influence of a star (this is not for RAS workers), which moves in four-dimensional space + time. The influence is not exerted by gravity, but by the quantum transition. You may ask - what does the gravitational field have to do with it if the conductor of the effect was a telescope designed for light electromagnetic observations? I can only say one thing: the problem is not in the telescope, but in the very fact of registration. I think you can just take a pipe and point it at a star, and the effect will be similar to a telescope. The telescope served as a collemator. At the quantum molecular level, a similar observation was made many years ago. The source of electrons is a beta emitter (something like a kinescope), two slits are installed in the flow path through which they fly. Stripes appear on the screen, as during interference, however, if you install a counter (observer) of electrons flying through the slit, then there will be only two stripes on the screen. The electrons “know” about the spinner. It is possible that the stars “know” this too. Thus, the explanations lie in the assumption of the presence of 5 dimensions and the quantization of nature: 4 spatial dimensions (three-dimensional space (3) + scale (1)) + time = 3+1+1 = 5. I’ll tell you a secret from the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (request On this line, the staff of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences should turn away) we all live in a quantum world, only quanta can be very large. Consequently, we encounter Kant effects in everyday life all the time. The amazing thing is that this magic seems obvious to us.
More details: http://earth-chronicles.ru/news/2013-12-27-56886
August 13th, 2014
Physicists have made a shocking statement - time does not exist. For humans, time definitely exists: we wake up in the morning, move forward in time during the day and at some point go to bed, and in our sleep we also continue to move forward in time. The old adage “time is running out” seems quite true, doesn’t it?
The problems started when general theory Einstein's relativity, which describes the laws of physics on a large scale, collided with quantum physics, the field that tries to describe the smallest particles in the universe, and the theory of wave-particle duality, which states that light is both waves and particles, was tested for the first time.
For years, physicists have tried to unite the two disparate fields by composing the Great Unifying Equation, believing that, despite scale, everything in the Universe must be connected, from particles to galaxies. Bryce-De Witt
A little over 40 years ago, two brilliant physicists John Wheeler and Bryce-De Witt developed such an equation. However, their discovery immediately seemed controversial because if the equation is correct, then there is no such thing as time at all at the most fundamental level of matter.
Although the concept is confusing, it seems that it may be true, and what we subjectively perceive as “time” is actually a measurable effect of global changes in the world around us. And the more we delve into the world of atoms, protons and photons, the less relevant the concept of time becomes.
This opinion is confirmed National Institute standards and technologies. NIST is the custodian of the world's most accurate atomic clock, against which all other clocks around the world are checked. Scientists from NIST claim that their ultra-precise clocks do not measure time at all: time is determined by the marks on the clock. In fact, time allows us to create order in life: if we had not come up with such a concept as “time,” there would be complete chaos around us.
Physics seems to agree with this.
Scientists at the Bistra Research Center in Ptu, Slovenia, have theorized that Newton's idea of time as an absolute measure that moves on its own, and that time is the fourth existing dimension, are incorrect. They proposed replacing these concepts of time with a new view that relates better to the physical world: time is just a numerological order of physical changes.
But let's dig even deeper in this direction...
Modern philosophical science defines space and time as universal forms of existence and coordination of objects. Space has three dimensions: length, width and height, and time has only one - the direction from the past through the present to the future. Space and time exist objectively, outside and independent of consciousness.
By this definition, time is another form of existence of objects. Second form.
But can there be a second form of existence? Can a piece of wood exist both in the shape of a chair and at the same time in the shape of a table?
The formulation does not clarify the issue: time has only one dimension - this is the direction from the past through the present to the future.
What is the future? The future is unreal, it does not exist in reality, it is an image.
The present is also conditional, and can be located somewhere at the junction between the future and the past, with zero coordinates.
The past is something that no longer exists; it is rather a symbol, the same image. All these concepts have no idea physical meaning, which casts doubt on the very concept of time as a form of existence of matter.
In science, the main argument is experience. Who and when carried out experiments proving the existence of time in nature?
It seems that no one did this, for fear of being in the role of a person looking for a black cat in a dark room where it might not be there. We will try to clarify this problem with some examples.
Movement of the Earth in time
In nature, everything moves and constantly changes. Planet Earth, having passed a segment of the path along its orbit, not only changes its coordinates in space, but also changes itself. She becomes different.
Having mentally fixed the Earth at any point, we will not get it the same at any other point. Therefore, is it possible to say that the Earth has passed such and such a distance in such and such a time when “that” Earth no longer exists?
We cannot return to the “yesterday” Earth, not because time has one direction, but because the “yesterday” Earth no longer exists. She, like everything in nature, is constantly changing.
Day and night. Seasons.
An observer located in mid-latitudes on Earth sees day and knows that a few hours ago it was night. From his experience, he draws the logical conclusion that after a few hours, night will fall again.
From this he concludes that events occur periodically and that they exist in time. Also for him, summer and spring, winter and autumn periodically exist in time.
But if this observer is placed in a spacecraft flying in orbit around the Sun, then he will not observe the change of day and night. He will always have day on the side of the ship facing the Sun, and night on the opposite side. In this case, the frequency disappears.
Being at the Earth's equator, an observer will not be able to determine the changing seasons. There are none at the equator.
It follows that the frequency of day and night, as well as the seasons, cannot serve as confirmation of objectively existing time.
Sound
A very convincing confirmation of the existence of absolute time is sound. It exists for a long time, from its origin to its extinction. From which it is concluded that sound exists in time.
Sound appears when a substance vibrates (strings, etc.) and spreads in wave vibrations of the air.
Sound exists in a gaseous environment, water and solids in the form of weak mechanical disturbances. Subjectively assessing the duration of the sounding process, we identify it with time.
There is no air on the Earth's closest neighbor, the Moon, and there is no sound there. There is no sound anywhere in the Universe. Therefore, having heard a sound in the air while on Earth, it is logical, but subjective, to conclude that sound exists in time.
Live nature
It is well known that all life on Earth lives and develops in time. Everything has its beginning and end. A grain planted in the ground sprouts and develops. How long did it take for the sprout to reach maturity?
Nature does not pose the question this way. All living things grow and develop in accordance with the laws of living nature. You cannot separate the period from the moment the grain is planted to its ripening from the general process of life and believe that this period is time.
This period is part of the general process of the development of the Earth, the ripening of the soil, the planting of grain, its ripening. The grain will then fall into the ground and give new life, and so on endlessly.
And here the concept of time looks subjective. The misconception is that the development process is isolated and identified with time.
Watch
Richard Feynman (1918-1988), an American theoretical physicist, one of the founders of quantum electrodynamics, adhered to the definition: time is just a clock.
“Moscow time is 12 o’clock,” we hear on the radio, “in Novosibirsk it is 16 o’clock, in Vladivostok it is 19.” The Japanese in Tokyo have a difference of only five hours from Moscow. It's more convenient for them.
What is this absolute concept of Time, which can be handled so freely? Let's look for the answer to this question. To do this, let's do an experiment. Mentally.
Let's imagine that we are at the stadium and see how an athlete runs a hundred meters in 11 seconds. In the second race he improved his result to 10.5 seconds. What happened?
What happened was that the second time the athlete ran faster, his race time was reduced. Time is a secondary value; time depends on how fast the athlete ran and the distance.
Let us leave the concept of absolute time alone for now, and return to everyday time that is convenient for understanding. Its appearance in the human consciousness goes back centuries, it is convenient with it, and humanity has always tried to keep it under control.
They invented and built all kinds of devices: solar, water and hourglass, pendulum clock with weight. They invented spring clocks, chronometers, stopwatches and, finally, electronic and atomic clocks. And they all replace us with something that does not exist in nature.
In Rus' there was no concept of time. They said this: we’ll meet two feet apart. This is when your shadow will be equal to the length of your two bast shoes. Moreover, people of different heights have different bast shoes, but they are proportional to their height. It turned out quite accurately, but only in sunny weather.
From past to future
Speaking about time, it’s good to remember the words from the song: “...There is only a moment, between the past and the future...” - a moment is nothing. Strictly speaking, the present does not exist, it does not exist. The future constantly flows into the past. In the present, in this moment, in this nothingness, is time, or rather the illusion of the existence of time.
If we define time as a concept that covers the past and the future, then it consists of a past that no longer exists and a future that does not yet exist. In this case, time consists of two quantities that do not exist. Therefore, there is no whole.
Is time near?
Time exists always and everywhere. Time created by the human mind surrounds us from all sides: in everyday life, in science, art, philosophy.
In a philosophical understanding of the existence of matter, we agree that one of the smallest particles of matter - an atom - moves slowly in space and that movement and space, speed and distance determine time.
But then a counterargument arises from the subconscious: everything exists in time! Time always exists! And unconsciously, time becomes some kind of superspatial formation, time becomes some kind of all-consuming monster, and only because the subconscious is overflowing with time.
It is also impossible to assume that time exists in parallel with space because space is infinite. Nothing, including time, can exist “next to” space.
Airplane
An airplane flew overhead with a roar. An observer on the ground believes that while the plane was flying from one point in the sky to another, time passed. This is the normal everyday assessment of the event.
The root cause of this event was the Mind, which created the aircraft, airfields and ground services. The plane was created for transportation. While he is standing on the ground, there is no time for him.
When the plane picks up speed and takes off, the so-called flight time will depend on the speed and distance traveled by the plane. Time is a derivative quantity. First there was speed, speed.
Big Bang
If we consider the hypothesis of the Big Bang, as a result of which the Universe appeared, the question arises: when did time appear? Before the explosion, at the moment of the explosion, or when homo sapiens appeared, a thinking person? The creators of the hypothesis do not give an answer.
A thinking person asks the question: if Time once appeared, then in the form of what? And with what properties?
We may be told that Time is the interval between two events. But this gap appears only as a result of a person’s comprehension of it. If we do not fix them in our consciousness, then objectively the events are separated in space with the irreversible movement of matter.
Time appears in our consciousness. And our consciousness replaces the irreversibility of the movement of matter with the flow of time, believing that this is the property of Time.
No less interesting is the theory of an anisotropic Universe, according to which matter contracts and expands in different parts Universe.
Confirmation of shrinking matter can be found in black holes, in which space and time are compressed. As a consequence, a thesis appears about a change in the direction of time: in a black hole it becomes reversed.
In time with a changed direction, the subsequent event must occur before the previous one. Figuratively speaking, under the influence of time in a black hole, you can see how a dead person comes to life, how he becomes younger and returns to where he was born.
Thus, one can cast doubt on the entire harmonious theory of the anisotropic Universe, if one does not take into account the illusory nature of the existence of time.
At the household level
The man sat down on the sofa, watched TV and got up from the sofa. Time passed between “sat down” and “got up,” the person believes. He went outside and crossed to the other side. While he was crossing the street, time passed, the man reasons.
A person unconsciously splits the continuous process of life into separate events and perceives the interval between them as time.
All processes, from the smallest ones occurring in human life to global ones, such as solar flares, exist regardless of time. Having detected two flares on the Sun, we perceive the interval between them as time.
Unconsciously highlighting the interval between flares from the entire process of the existence of the Sun, we fall into the illusion of the existence of time.
From part to whole
Our thought processes involuntarily set milestones and landmarks. A person cannot comprehend everything at once. We see a large building, and our gaze begins to glide over its details. By these details we judge the building as a whole. And here lies the possibility of error.
Upon closer inspection, the building may turn out to be a prop made at a film factory. You can't live in this layout. Generalizing from details can lead to erroneous conclusions about the whole.
Contracting and diverging Galaxies have been discovered in outer space. After compression, an explosion probably occurs and a new star appears, and the process of expansion occurs. Another one appears elsewhere, and we conclude that one star appeared earlier and the other later in time.
In fact, the processes of compression and expansion occur constantly. They are numerous and do not coincide in amplitude. Otherwise the Universe would be homogeneous.
Having set milestones at the moments of discovery of new stars, we succumb to the illusion of time in which their appearance is spaced and, generalizing, we say that the stars and Galaxies themselves exist in time.
Pipe
An oil pipeline several hundred kilometers long was built in Siberia. Oil began to be pumped into it. There will be oil at the other end of the pipeline for a long time. We say that it will take time before oil becomes available to consumers. Here is an argument in favor of the existence of time. But let's not rush.
Time in our case is characterized by the delay between the moment the pump is turned on and the appearance of oil at the other end of the pipe. What caused this delay?
First, let's answer the question of what caused the oil pumping. The root cause was Intelligence, which created the transfer pump, pipes and related equipment. When the pump started working, oil, due to its viscosity, could not immediately appear at the other end of the pipe.
If gas were pumped into the same pipe, it would travel the same distance faster. In a fiberglass cable, light would travel this distance almost instantly. Oil retention is caused by viscosity, friction in the pipe, turbulence and similar objective reasons.
All other things being equal, the travel time for different substances through our pipe is different, but we add that the time is measured, not absolute.
The process of pumping oil exists objectively, but if you mentally remove the pipe from this process, the motivation to wait will disappear, and with it time.
Newton on time
Isaac Newton, in his 1687 Principia Mathematical, distinguishes:
1. Absolute, true, mathematical time, otherwise called duration.
2. Relative, apparent or ordinary time is a measure of duration used in everyday life: hour, day, month, year.
Let us emphasize: absolute mathematical time does not exist in nature. Mathematics created by the human mind is only a reflection of nature in scalar, numerical quantities. When comprehending Newton's first definition, one must avoid falling into a logical trap: time is absolute and...Newton's second definition of time eludes attention. In fact, the second definition absorbs the first.
In theoretical developments, we always fall into the “Newtonian trap” and talk about time as something that really exists.
The movement of matter is characterized by speed. If it is necessary to compare the speed of movement of two bodies, it is necessary to determine the same sections of the path for them and introduce some common conventional value comparable to rhythmic natural processes.
Usually the daily rotation of the Earth is used. One 1440th part is a minute. This is the conventional quantity (time) with which we can compare the speed of movement of our bodies under study.
For convenience, we divide the path by time and get the speed. But dividing the journey by time is as absurd from a mathematical point of view as dividing okroshka not into portions, but into bicycles.
The philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued that time as such does not exist at all, that it represents only one of the forms of human perception of the world around us, the so-called relation.
Bees in the Universe
Einstein's theory of relativity reveals the fact that the simultaneity of events is not absolute, but relative. A given moment cannot encompass the entire Universe. There cannot be one and the same moment for the whole world. There is no single “now” in the world that separates all past events and future events. Each system has its own “now”, its own past and future.
There should be an infinite number of such systems in the world. But it is enough to take two systems to understand that between them there must be a boundary between the existence of time. The entire world space in this case will resemble a honeycomb, each with its own time and space. The illusion of the existence of time leads us to this conclusion.
Einstein's general theory of relativity states that space and time are curved as a result of gravity. It is difficult to challenge the great maestro, but we are obliged to point out the inaccuracy.
Space is by definition infinite, and infinity, which has no boundaries, cannot be curved. The structure of space can, under the influence of gravity, become denser in some parts and, as a result, be discharged in neighboring areas. The trajectories of moving bodies can be bent, but not space itself.
Time cannot be bent because it simply does not exist in nature.
Who discovered time in nature and where did they register their discovery? What properties does time have? Defining time as duration, the duration of a process requires a tool to measure it.
If we begin to measure the time between any phases of the state of matter using a rhythmically operating mechanism, say, a clock, then the time will always differ with different measurements.
Because the next measurement will occur at a “different” time. The experiment will have its own time, we ourselves will also be in our own time, and those who do not participate in the experiment will also live in their own time.
We can only hope for some kind of Universal Time, which, based on the special theory of relativity, cannot exist. There cannot be a single “now” due to the fact that no information can be transmitted at a speed greater than the speed of light. Each reference system will have its own time (conditional), Einstein said.
What does the textbook teach
In any school physics textbook we find a diagram of a moving body. In the diagram within the framework of Euclidean geometry, due to the impossibility of depicting three-dimensional space on a plane, the applicate is discarded, and the time coordinate is depicted in its place.
Typical space-time diagram
If Time exists in nature, then the coordinate of time cannot be depicted this way, because on the diagram time at the zero coordinate point falls inside matter, or vice versa - matter is inside time.
But if we understand that Time is a conditional concept, then the conditional time coordinate has the right to exist!
In this example, we are once again convinced of how great the illusion of the existence of Time is.
Let's summarize the preliminary results
At the everyday level, the existence of time is obvious and beyond doubt. Based on the evidence, a logical conclusion is drawn, which takes root in the mass consciousness: Time was, is and will be.
This conclusion, in which the psychological factor dominates, is not based on objective data or experiment, which is why it gives a distorted picture of understanding the essence of time, which looks reliable. Here lies the illusion of the existence of time.
In this regard, one cannot help but recall our compatriot, Russian philosopher Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov (1853-1900).
He defined time as the basic condition of all finite existence and said that time does not allow for either an empirical (experience-based) explanation of origin or a rational (rational) definition of its essence.
And when they say that time is the order of phenomena in their sequence (read - in time), then the definition turns out to be an obvious tautology: time is determined by time.
All philosophical explanations of time that do not represent an empty identity are of a metaphysical nature and will be considered under the names of philosophers.
Phase Theory, or how to prove the absence of a non-existent?
In the movement of matter, our mind usually identifies its individual states, and a person perceives the gap between them as time. Successive states of matter in human consciousness merge into a single “river of time.”
An analogue of this movement can be film, which captures individual moments of body movement. At a projection speed of 25 frames per second (more correctly, one 86,400th part of the Earth’s revolution around its axis), in our brain the movement of the body becomes continuous, constant.
In individual frames we see an image of a no longer existing past in its phases. It is impossible to fix the future, since it does not exist in nature.
Any movement can be considered as consisting of separate phases. Therefore, we can say that matter is in constant phase motion.
The most obvious example is the phases of the Moon, which appears before us every night in its new phase. The process of plant growth consists of seed germination, stem growth, appearance of leaves, and so on. It clearly illustrates the phase development of biological objects. In the animal world we also observe the phase development of an individual.
Moon phases
The phases of the Moon most clearly illustrate the phase development of biological objects (illustration from sanford.com).
The concept of “phase” is so natural that it is not customary to talk about it. But in this case, it focuses on the fact that any movement that seems continuous actually consists of separate segments called phases.
Now it becomes clear that the interval between the phases of the state of objects should be considered as the distance between them, and not as time.
Matter is constantly moving at a certain speed, and speed is the distance over an artificially created rhythmic period.
Of particular importance is the concept of phase existence (motion) of matter in quantum theory.
Introducing the concept of “phase” into the definition of the properties of matter removes the constantly emerging illusion of the existence of time. It becomes clear that time is not a natural phenomenon, but a phenomenon of the human mind.
The phenomenon of time spontaneously arises in a person’s mind whenever he comprehends the duration of any phenomenon or event.
Matter exists in three-dimensional infinite space in constant relative phase motion.
And finally
A person comes into the world, into a society with established traditions and postulates. From childhood, a person absorbs the concepts that exist in society. It is psychologically difficult for him to question seemingly obvious truths. But between the “apparent” and the truth there is a huge distance.
The great illusion of time lies in the everyday consciousness and extends to the greatest minds of science.
Sayings about time:
Alberti L:
Three things belong to man: soul, body and time (... e se pure alcuna si pateva chiamare nostra queste erana le sole tre -... anima, corpo e tempo).
Antiphon:
Time is a thought or measure, not an essence.
Aristotle:
Among the unknowns in the nature around us, the most unknown is time, because no one knows what time is and how to control it.
Zeno of Citium:
Time is the distance of movement.
Tsiolkovsky K.:
Time may exist, but we don't know where to look for it.
Cicero:
And it is not even possible in my thoughts that there was ever a time when there was no time.
Shakespeare W.:
Time is ticking for different persons various.
V. Istarkhov:
In fact, no time, as a really existing entity in itself not connected with anything external, exists. What exists? And it is precisely this external thing that exists—real processes exist. And time is just a means of measuring them. Time is a “centimeter” and nothing more. Without this externality, time not only does not exist, it loses all meaning.
Just as length does not exist as a primary entity. Length is a means of measuring something external, something that actually exists. Just as weight does not exist as a primary entity. Weight is a means of measuring something external,
actually existing.
If this really exists, there will be no need for the concepts of “weight”, “length”, “area”, “volume”, “time”. All these dimensional categories do not exist in themselves; they are secondary and tied to something external. Weight of what? Volume of what? Area of what? What time?
No time by itself flows anywhere, neither absolutely, like Newton, nor relatively, like Einstein. Real processes of the manifested world flow (move). There will be no processes, there will be no need for the concept of “time”.
By this definition, time is another form of existence of objects. Second form.
But can there be a second form of existence? Can a piece of wood exist both in the shape of a chair and at the same time in the shape of a table?
The formulation does not clarify the issue: time has only one dimension - this is the direction from the past through the present to the future.
What is the future? The future is unreal, it does not exist in reality, it is an image.
The present is also conditional, and can be located somewhere at the junction between the future and the past, with zero coordinates.
The past is something that no longer exists; it is rather a symbol, the same image. All these concepts have no physical meaning, which casts doubt on the very concept of time as a form of existence of matter.
It seems that no one did this, for fear of being in the role of a person looking for a black cat in a dark room where it might not be there. We will try to clarify this problem with some examples.
Movement of the Earth in time
In nature, everything moves and constantly changes. Planet Earth, having passed a segment of the path along its orbit, not only changes its coordinates in space, but also changes itself. She becomes different.
Having mentally fixed the Earth at any point, we will not get it the same at any other point. Therefore, is it possible to say that the Earth has passed such and such a distance in such and such a time when “that” Earth no longer exists?
We cannot return to the “yesterday” Earth, not because time has one direction, but because the “yesterday” Earth no longer exists. She, like everything in nature, is constantly changing.
Day and night. Seasons.
An observer located in mid-latitudes on Earth sees day and knows that a few hours ago it was night. From his experience, he draws the logical conclusion that after a few hours, night will fall again.
From this he concludes that events occur periodically and that they exist in time. Also for him, summer and spring, winter and autumn periodically exist in time.
But if this observer is placed in a spacecraft flying in orbit around the Sun, then he will not observe the change of day and night. He will always have day on the side of the ship facing the Sun, and night on the opposite side. In this case, the frequency disappears.
Being at the Earth's equator, an observer will not be able to determine the changing seasons. There are none at the equator.
It follows that the frequency of day and night, as well as the seasons, cannot serve as confirmation of objectively existing time.
Sound
A very convincing confirmation of the existence of absolute time is sound. It exists for a long time, from its origin to its extinction. From which it is concluded that sound exists in time.
Sound appears when a substance vibrates (strings, etc.) and spreads in wave vibrations of the air.
Sound exists in a gaseous environment, water and solids in the form of weak mechanical disturbances. Subjectively assessing the duration of the sounding process, we identify it with time.
There is no air on the Earth's closest neighbor, the Moon, and there is no sound there. There is no sound anywhere in the Universe. Therefore, having heard a sound in the air while on Earth, it is logical, but subjective, to conclude that sound exists in time.
Live nature
It is well known that all life on Earth lives and develops in time. Everything has its beginning and end. A grain planted in the ground sprouts and develops. How long did it take for the sprout to reach maturity?
Nature does not pose the question this way. All living things grow and develop in accordance with the laws of living nature. You cannot separate the period from the moment the grain is planted to its ripening from the general process of life and believe that this period is time.
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This period is part of the general process of the development of the Earth, the ripening of the soil, the planting of grain, its ripening. The grain will then fall into the ground and give new life, and so on without end.
And here the concept of time looks subjective. The misconception is that the development process is isolated and identified with time.
Watch
Richard Feynman (1918-1988), an American theoretical physicist, one of the founders of quantum electrodynamics, adhered to the definition: time is just a clock.
“Moscow time is 12 o’clock,” we hear on the radio, “in Novosibirsk it is 16 o’clock, in Vladivostok it is 19.” The Japanese in Tokyo have a difference of only five hours from Moscow. It's more convenient for them.
What is this absolute concept of Time, which can be handled so freely? Let's look for the answer to this question. To do this, let's do an experiment. Mentally.
Let's imagine that we are at the stadium and see how an athlete runs a hundred meters in 11 seconds. In the second race he improved his result to 10.5 seconds. What happened?
What happened was that the second time the athlete ran faster, his race time was reduced. Time is a secondary value; time depends on how fast the athlete ran and the distance.
Let us leave the concept of absolute time alone for now, and return to everyday time that is convenient for understanding. Its appearance in the human consciousness goes back centuries, it is convenient with it, and humanity has always tried to keep it under control.
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In Rus' there was no concept of time. They said this: we’ll meet two feet apart. This is when your shadow will be equal to the length of your two bast shoes. Moreover, people of different heights have different bast shoes, but they are proportional to their height. It turned out quite accurately, but only in sunny weather.
From past to future
Speaking about time, it’s good to remember the words from the song: “...There is only a moment, between the past and the future...” - a moment is nothing. Strictly speaking, the present does not exist, it does not exist. The future constantly flows into the past. In the present, in this moment, in this nothingness, is time, or rather the illusion of the existence of time.
If we define time as a concept that covers the past and the future, then it consists of a past that no longer exists and a future that does not yet exist. In this case, time consists of two quantities that do not exist. Therefore, there is no whole.
Is time near?
Time exists always and everywhere. Time created by the human mind surrounds us from all sides: in everyday life, in science, art, philosophy.
In a philosophical understanding of the existence of matter, we agree that one of the smallest particles of matter - an atom - moves slowly in space and that movement and space, speed and distance determine time.
But then a counterargument arises from the subconscious: everything exists in time! Time always exists! And unconsciously, time becomes some kind of superspatial formation, time becomes some kind of all-consuming monster, and only because the subconscious is overflowing with time.
It is also impossible to assume that time exists in parallel with space because space is infinite. Nothing, including time, can exist “next to” space.
Airplane
An airplane flew overhead with a roar. An observer on the ground believes that while the plane was flying from one point in the sky to another, time passed. This is the normal everyday assessment of the event.
The root cause of this event was the Mind, which created the aircraft, airfields and ground services. The plane was created for transportation. While he is standing on the ground, there is no time for him.
When the plane picks up speed and takes off, the so-called flight time will depend on the speed and distance traveled by the plane. Time is a derivative quantity. First there was speed, speed.
Big Bang
If we consider the hypothesis of the Big Bang, as a result of which the Universe appeared, the question arises: when did time appear? Before the explosion, at the moment of the explosion, or when homo sapiens appeared, a thinking person? The creators of the hypothesis do not give an answer.
A thinking person asks the question: if Time once appeared, then in the form of what? And with what properties?
We may be told that Time is the interval between two events. But this gap appears only as a result of a person’s comprehension of it. If we do not fix them in our consciousness, then objectively the events are separated in space with the irreversible movement of matter.
Time appears in our consciousness. And our consciousness replaces the irreversibility of the movement of matter with the passage of time, believing that this is the property of Time.
No less interesting is the theory of an anisotropic Universe, according to which matter contracts and expands in different parts of the Universe.
Confirmation of shrinking matter can be found in black holes, in which space and time are compressed. As a consequence, a thesis appears about a change in the direction of time: in a black hole it becomes reversed.
In time with a changed direction, the subsequent event must occur before the previous one. Figuratively speaking, under the influence of time in a black hole, you can see how a dead person comes to life, how he becomes younger and returns to where he was born.
Thus, one can cast doubt on the entire harmonious theory of the anisotropic Universe, if one does not take into account the illusory nature of the existence of time.
Pendulum making oscillatory movements, very clearly illustrates the presence of objectively existing time. Being at the extreme point, it seems to freeze, and then moves to its other extreme point.
He moves in space and time. It takes time for a pendulum to travel from one extreme point to the other.
Moreover, if we look at the Foucault pendulum, we will see a graphic representation of time in the form of stripes left on the sand by a metal rod mounted on the pendulum ball.
Each subsequent stripe is slightly rotated in relation to the previous stripe. The ends of these strips are located at some distance from each other. This is clearly visible to any observer.
If a pendulum is placed on any cosmic body, the effect will be the same: the pendulum will stop, and not only because there is air resistance on Earth, but also because there is friction, gravity and a perpetual motion machine cannot exist.
At the household level
The man sat down on the sofa, watched TV and got up from the sofa. Time passed between “sat down” and “got up,” the person believes. He went outside and crossed to the other side. While he was crossing the street, time passed, the man reasons.
A person unconsciously splits the continuous process of life into separate events and perceives the interval between them as time.
All processes, from the smallest ones occurring in human life to global ones, such as solar flares, exist regardless of time. Having detected two flares on the Sun, we perceive the interval between them as time.
Unconsciously highlighting the interval between flares from the entire process of the existence of the Sun, we fall into the illusion of the existence of time.
From part to whole
Our thought processes involuntarily set milestones and landmarks. A person cannot comprehend everything at once. We see a large building, and our gaze begins to glide over its details. By these details we judge the building as a whole. And here lies the possibility of error.
Upon closer inspection, the building may turn out to be a prop made at a film factory. You can't live in this layout. Generalizing from details can lead to erroneous conclusions about the whole.
Contracting and diverging Galaxies have been discovered in outer space. After compression, an explosion probably occurs and a new star appears, and the process of expansion occurs. Another one appears elsewhere, and we conclude that one star appeared earlier and the other later in time.
In fact, the processes of compression and expansion occur constantly. They are numerous and do not coincide in amplitude. Otherwise the Universe would be homogeneous.
Having set milestones at the moments of discovery of new stars, we succumb to the illusion of time in which their appearance is spaced and, generalizing, we say that the stars and Galaxies themselves exist in time.
Pipe
An oil pipeline several hundred kilometers long was built in Siberia. Oil began to be pumped into it. There will be oil at the other end of the pipeline for a long time. We say that it will take time before oil becomes available to consumers. Here is an argument in favor of the existence of time. But let's not rush.
Time in our case is characterized by the delay between the moment the pump is turned on and the appearance of oil at the other end of the pipe. What caused this delay?
First, let's answer the question of what caused the oil pumping. The root cause was Intelligence, which created the transfer pump, pipes and related equipment. When the pump started working, oil, due to its viscosity, could not immediately appear at the other end of the pipe.
If gas were pumped into the same pipe, it would travel the same distance faster. In a fiberglass cable, light would travel this distance almost instantly. Oil retention is caused by viscosity, friction in the pipe, turbulence and similar objective reasons.
All other conditions being equal, the travel time for different substances through our pipe is different, but we add that time is measured, not absolute.
The process of pumping oil exists objectively, but if you mentally remove the pipe from this process, the motivation to wait will disappear, and with it time.
Newton on time
Isaac Newton, in his 1687 Principia Mathematica, distinguishes:
1. Absolute, true, mathematical time, otherwise called duration.
2. Relative, apparent or ordinary time is a measure of duration used in everyday life: hour, day, month, year.
Let us emphasize: absolute mathematical time does not exist in nature. Mathematics created by the human mind is only a reflection of nature in scalar, numerical quantities. When comprehending Newton's first definition, one must avoid falling into a logical trap: time is absolute and...Newton's second definition of time eludes attention. In fact, the second definition absorbs the first.
In theoretical developments, we always fall into the “Newtonian trap” and talk about time as something that really exists.
The movement of matter is characterized by speed. If it is necessary to compare the speed of movement of two bodies, it is necessary to determine the same sections of the path for them and introduce some common conventional value comparable to rhythmic natural processes.
Usually the daily rotation of the Earth is used. One 1440th part is a minute. This is the conventional quantity (time) with which we can compare the speed of movement of our bodies under study.
For convenience, we divide the path by time and get the speed. But dividing the journey by time is as absurd from a mathematical point of view as dividing okroshka not into portions, but into bicycles.
The philosopher Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) argued that time as such does not exist at all, that it represents only one of the forms of human perception of the world around us, the so-called relation.
Bees in the Universe
Einstein's theory of relativity reveals the fact that the simultaneity of events is not absolute, but relative. A given moment cannot encompass the entire Universe. There cannot be one and the same moment for the whole world. There is no single “now” in the world that separates all past events and future events. Each system has its own “now”, its own past and future.
There should be an infinite number of such systems in the world. But it is enough to take two systems to understand that between them there must be a boundary between the existence of time. The entire world space in this case will resemble a honeycomb, each with its own time and space. The illusion of the existence of time leads us to this conclusion.
Einstein's general theory of relativity states that space and time are curved as a result of gravity. It is difficult to challenge the great maestro, but we are obliged to point out the inaccuracy.
Space is by definition infinite, and infinity, which has no boundaries, cannot be curved. The structure of space can, under the influence of gravity, become denser in some parts and, as a result, be discharged in neighboring areas. The trajectories of moving bodies can be bent, but not space itself.
Time cannot be bent because it simply does not exist in nature.
Who discovered time in nature and where did they register their discovery? What properties does time have? Defining time as duration, the duration of a process requires a tool to measure it.
If we begin to measure the time between any phases of the state of matter using a rhythmically operating mechanism, say, a clock, then the time will always differ with different measurements.
Because the next measurement will occur at a “different” time. The experiment will have its own time, we ourselves will also be in our own time, and those who do not participate in the experiment will also live in their own time.
We can only hope for some kind of Universal Time, which, based on the special theory of relativity, cannot exist. There cannot be a single “now” due to the fact that no information can be transmitted at a speed greater than the speed of light. Each reference system will have its own time (conditional), Einstein said.
What does the textbook teach
In any school physics textbook we find a diagram of a moving body. In the diagram within the framework of Euclidean geometry, due to the impossibility of depicting three-dimensional space on a plane, the applicate is discarded, and the time coordinate is depicted in its place.
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If Time exists in nature, then the coordinate of time cannot be depicted this way, because on the diagram time at the zero coordinate point falls inside matter, or vice versa - matter is inside time.
But if we understand that Time is a conditional concept, then the conditional time coordinate has the right to exist!
In this example, we are once again convinced of how great the illusion of the existence of Time is.
Let's summarize the preliminary results
At the everyday level, the existence of time is obvious and beyond doubt. Based on the evidence, a logical conclusion is drawn, which takes root in the mass consciousness: Time was, is and will be.
This conclusion, in which the psychological factor dominates, is not based on objective data or experiment, which is why it gives a distorted picture of understanding the essence of time, which looks reliable. Here lies the illusion of the existence of time.
In this regard, one cannot help but recall our compatriot, Russian philosopher Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov (1853-1900).
He defined time as the basic condition of all finite existence and said that time does not allow for either an empirical (experience-based) explanation of origin or a rational (rational) definition of its essence.
And when they say that time is the order of phenomena in their sequence (read - in time), then the definition turns out to be an obvious tautology: time is determined by time.
All philosophical explanations of time that do not represent an empty identity are of a metaphysical nature and will be considered under the names of philosophers.
Phase Theory, or how to prove the absence of a non-existent?
In the movement of matter, our mind usually identifies its individual states, and a person perceives the gap between them as time. Successive states of matter in human consciousness merge into a single “river of time.”
An analogue of this movement can be film, which captures individual moments of body movement. At a projection speed of 25 frames per second (more correctly, one 86,400th part of the Earth’s revolution around its axis), in our brain the movement of the body becomes continuous, constant.
In individual frames we see an image of a no longer existing past in its phases. It is impossible to fix the future, since it does not exist in nature.
Any movement can be considered as consisting of separate phases. Therefore, we can say that matter is in constant phase motion.
The most obvious example is the phases of the Moon, which appears before us every night in its new phase. The process of plant growth consists of seed germination, stem growth, appearance of leaves, and so on. It clearly illustrates the phase development of biological objects. In the animal world we also observe the phase development of an individual.
The concept of “phase” is so natural that it is not customary to talk about it. But in this case, it focuses on the fact that any movement that seems continuous actually consists of separate segments called phases.
Now it becomes clear that the interval between the phases of the state of objects should be considered as the distance between them, and not as time.
Matter is constantly moving at a certain speed, and speed is the distance over an artificially created rhythmic period.
Of particular importance is the concept of phase existence (motion) of matter in quantum theory.
Introducing the concept of “phase” into the definition of the properties of matter removes the constantly arising illusion of the existence of time. It becomes clear that time is not a natural phenomenon, but a phenomenon of the human mind.
Phenomenon of time spontaneously arises in a person’s mind whenever he comprehends the duration of any phenomenon or event.
Matter exists in three-dimensional infinite space in constant relative phase motion.
And finally
A person comes into the world, into a society with established traditions and postulates. From childhood, a person absorbs the concepts that exist in society. It is psychologically difficult for him to question seemingly obvious truths. But between the “apparent” and the truth there is a huge distance.
The great illusion of time lies in the everyday consciousness and extends to the greatest minds of science.
P.S.: I hear the reader’s voice: “Well, I read your article. But from the beginning to the end of reading time has passed! The beginning of reading and the end are not one moment. There was a gap between them for some time. The kettle has already boiled. He needed time for the water to boil."
What can you answer to this? It is very difficult for a person to detach himself from the consciousness that there is no time in nature. While you were reading the article, there was no time, it did not manifest itself in any way, but as soon as you wondered about time, it appeared in your mind.
Your mother was sleeping behind the wall, and there was no time for her. But as soon as she woke up and said, “I’ve been sleeping for so long, it’s time to get up,” the concept of time also appeared in her mind. Yours.
Objectively, you and your mother lived in accordance with nature. But as soon as you began to evaluate the events taking place, the concept of time appeared in your mind. Only for you and only in connection with events that interest you.
Well, figure out the kettle yourself or read the article from the beginning.
Literature:
A. G. Spirkin, Philosophy, 2001, pp. 253-254.
V. S. Solovyov, “Time”, Article.
I. Newton "Mathematical Principles", Teachings, 1687
A. Einstein, Theory of Relativity, 1905-1916
A. N. Vasilevsky, 1996. Theory of illusionary art, p. 211.
Sayings about time:
Alberti L:
Three things belong to man: soul, body and time (... e se pure alcuna si pateva chiamare nostra queste erana le sole tre - ... anima, corpo e tempo).
Antiphon:
Time is a thought or measure, not an essence.
Aristotle:
Among the unknowns in the nature around us, the most unknown is time, because no one knows what time is and how to control it.
Zeno of Citium:
Time is the distance of movement.
Tsiolkovsky K.:
Time may exist, but we don't know where to look for it.
Cicero:
And it is not even possible in my thoughts that there was ever a time when there was no time.
Shakespeare W.:
Time passes differently for different people.
V. Istarkhov:
In fact, no time, as a really existing entity in itself not connected with anything external, exists. What exists? And it is precisely this external thing that exists - there are real processes. And time is just a means of measuring them. Time is a “centimeter” and nothing more. Without this externality, time not only does not exist, it loses all meaning.
Just as length does not exist as a primary entity. Length is a means of measuring something external, something that actually exists. Just as weight does not exist as a primary entity. Weight is a means of measuring something external, something that actually exists.
If this really exists, there will be no need for the concepts of “weight”, “length”, “area”, “volume”, “time”. All these dimensional categories do not exist in themselves; they are secondary and tied to something external. Weight of what? Volume of what? Area of what? What time?
No time by itself flows anywhere, neither absolutely, like Newton, nor relatively, like Einstein. Real processes of the manifested world flow (move). There will be no processes, there will be no need for the concept of “time”.
