Date of publication or update 14.11.2017
In the Petrine "Journal" for 1703 it was written: "... on the 16th day of May ... the fortress was founded and named St. Petersburg."
On the verge of the 18th century. In Russia, an all-Russian market already existed, craft enterprises, state and merchant manufactories arose, an active stratum of merchants and industrialists appeared.
Representatives of the emerging bourgeoisie and, of course, Peter I himself believed that the young power needed a port city, which would serve as an outlet to Europe for marketing its products. Petersburg became such a city. The new capital of the Russian state, which grew up on the swampy shores of the Neva, which even a pump of km 65-50-125 that was operating around the clock could not drain, became, moreover, a symbol of the abrupt Peter's reforms that turned Russia on the path of progressive development.
This marvelous, cold city, unprecedented in boyar Russia, became the embodiment of an eventful era in the history of our country, an expression of its statehood and spiritual culture.
Later here, in the center of reactionary Russian absolutism, many generations of revolutionaries fought for the freedom of the people; here Russian science and great Russian literature were born.
There is no person in the world who would not associate with the name of Leningrad the idea of the city that initiated the revolutionary transformation of the world. Here, under the leadership of V.I.Lenin, in the fire of three Russian revolutions, the cadres of the Bolsheviks were forged socialist revolution, which created the first state of workers and peasants in history.
After October in civil war In times of economic devastation, in the difficult years of restoration and reconstruction of the national economy, the workers of Leningrad showed an example of a courageous struggle for Soviet power. They went ahead in mastering the production of new industrial products, helped the Party in the socialist restructuring of agriculture, and laid the foundation for socialist competition for the early fulfillment of the five-year plans. It is known how highly VI Lenin praised the workers in St. Petersburg: “St. Petersburg is not Russia. St. Petersburg workers are a small part of the workers of Russia. But they are one of the best, advanced, most conscious, most revolutionary, most firm ... detachments of the working class and all the working people of Russia "(V. I. Lenin. Poln. Sobr. Soch., Vol. 36, p. 361) ...
During the Great Patriotic War Leningraders showed an example of the greatest staunchness and courage. In the conditions of a 900-day blockade, incredible hardships and dangers, they prepared weapons and ammunition, fought on the front lines near the walls of their native city, protected its historical monuments from bombs and fires.
Modern Leningrad is the second largest city in the USSR in terms of population (as of January 15, 1970 - 3950 thousand people). Such figures testify to his outstanding role in the country. Here, more than 5% of all specialists working in the Soviet Union with higher education, over 8% of engineers, about 8% of scientists.
Leningrad is a center of highly qualified industry and a major transport hub that combines all types of modern transport (rail, sea, river, road, air and pipeline).
After the war, significant changes took place in the economic and geographical position of Leningrad.
Until 1940, the city of Lenin was the only Soviet port on the Baltic. After the Baltic Soviet republics, the Karelian Isthmus, and in 1945 the Kaliningrad region became part of the USSR, a kind of "division of labor" was established between the Leningrad and new Soviet ports on the Baltic Sea. In addition, extensive economic ties arose between Leningrad and the Lithuanian SSR, the Latvian SSR, and especially the Estonian SSR. On the other hand, after the war, trade relations of the Leningrad port with foreign countries and mainly with the fraternal socialist countries increased sharply.
The economic and geographical position of Leningrad also changed in relation to the regions of the European North of the country. So, throughout the Soviet period, the giant city switched to using domestic raw materials and fuel, based mainly on the resources of the European North. The power supply of the city of Lenin underwent a radical reconstruction in connection with the construction of hydroelectric power stations on the Svir, Volkhov and Vuoksa, thermal power plants on peat, the creation of gas pipelines, etc.
The development of the resources of the European North required the development and improvement of transport (completion and reconstruction of the Murmansk railroad, construction of the Pechora highway, reconstruction of the Volgo-Balt, etc.).
Together with the strengthening of Leningrad's ties within the European North, the city's contacts with other regions of the USSR grew and became more complicated. According to data for 1959, Leningrad imported up to 70% of raw materials from other regions and exported 2/3 of its industrial products.
The specialization of the Leningrad industry is wide and diverse, and it is characterized by high quality of manufactured products, increased reliability, and technical perfection of products. Such giants of mechanical engineering as the Kirovsky plant and the Izhora plant (in Kolpino near Leningrad), the Nevsky machine-building plant named after V.I. Lenin, the Electrosila plants named after the XXII Congress of the CPSU are world famous.
Post-war Leningrad is one of the most important centers of technical progress in the country. Here are concentrated not only the largest industrial enterprises, but also numerous higher educational establishments, research and design institutes.
The main industrial products of Leningrad are mechanical engineering products (power engineering, electrical engineering, radio engineering, shipbuilding, instrument making).
Power engineering is one of the main industries in Leningrad. The city's enterprises produce powerful steam, hydraulic and gas turbines, turbine current generators, current generators, icebreakers, refrigerators, oil tankers, fishing and timber vessels, equipment for television, radio broadcasting, communications and cinema, means of complex automation and mechanization of production, equipment for knitwear, footwear and other industries.
An important feature of the Leningrad engineering industry is the prevalence of complex skilled industries and its relatively low metal consumption.
The chemical industry of Leningrad is represented by the production of rubber products, tires, plastics, artificial and synthetic fibers, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals. Most of light industry the entire European North is concentrated in Leningrad. Like other large industrial centers, Leningrad is distinguished by a high proportion of people working in industry and construction (about 55% of those employed in social production).
The cultural functions of Leningrad are also complex and varied. The city of Lenin is still one of the main spiritual centers of our country. Here, in the field of education, art and science, more than 15% of the amateur population of the city is employed.
Although Leningrad, unlike Moscow and the centers of the Union republics, does not play the role of a capital city, its influence on the whole country is so great that it can be compared to cities of the capital type.
Leningrad is the largest city in the North and, by all accounts, one of the most beautiful cities in the world. His beauty is solemn, strict and at the same time lyrical. If the severity and solemnity of Leningrad can be explained by the "regular" layout of its wide and straight streets and avenues, the grandeur and harmony of architectural ensembles, the mighty and smooth view of the city of the Neva, then the note of lyricism to its landscapes is conveyed by ancient gardens, parks and squares with statues and pavilions , nestled in greenery, small rivers and canals, streaking the city in all directions.
Immediately after the declaration of martial law in Leningrad, blackout and round-the-clock watch on buildings are introduced, air barriers are created from balloons. In the first week of the war, the construction of the Leningrad metro and hydroelectric power plants was curtailed. As the unforeseen rapid approach of enemy troops to Moscow, in Leningrad (in which, as elsewhere, at first the sentiments prevailed that the war would be fought on the side of the enemy), architectural and construction work began to be carried out forcibly, which was carried out in 3 directions:
At first, all kinds of light shelters and capital shelters are designed and built in case of air raids and shelling. For this, along with construction specialists, the entire civilian population is involved, including pensioners and teenagers - people are digging trenches and cracks-shelters in yards and squares, helping to equip bomb shelters in the basements of residential buildings and public buildings. Secondly, full-scale measurements of buildings-monuments of architecture and architecture are carried out.
For this purpose, special measurement teams were formed, in which it was impossible to involve everyone in a row, since it was often required not only to accurately measure facades and interiors, but also to draw and sometimes sketch some of their elements (for example, cornices). Measurements were carried out in case of a hypothetical hit of a shell or fragments in any structure of the great architects, which would be difficult and sometimes impossible to restore without measurements made in advance. (No one could have imagined then that such masterpieces of architectural art as the Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Admiralty, St. Isaac's Cathedral, the Russian Museum (Mikhailovsky Palace), as well as other suburban palaces and parks are objects of no military significance, fascist aviation will bomb deliberately and methodically).
Thirdly, the city's vital objects and cultural values are sheltered. (Activities in this direction will be carried out until the complete lifting of the blockade).
In the course of measuring work, it turned out that some architectural masterpieces did not have measurements at all (Pavlovsky Palace, buildings framing the unique Rossi Street, etc.), for others measurements were carried out improperly, others began to measure almost before the war itself, and did not have time to finish. 
Shelter works for monuments and masterpiece buildings, which are managed by the Architectural and Planning Department (AAP), are being carried out in close cooperation with the local Department of Culture. By their joint decision, sculptures-monuments (The Bronze Horseman, etc.) were fenced in wooden cases and covered with sand.
Klodt's horse groups were removed from the pedestals and buried in trenches on the territory of the former Anichkov Palace. In the trenches Summer garden hid the local marble statues, as well as the monument to Peter I in front of the Engineering Castle. But the monuments to A.V. It was decided to leave Suvorov (on the Field of Mars), Barclay de Tolly (near the Kazan Cathedral), as well as the sailors of the destroyer "Guarding" (in the park on Kirovsky Prospekt) uncovered - in order to inspire contemporaries, as evidence of the military glory of their ancestors. (Throughout the blockade, these monuments remained at their "combat posts").
Text prepared by Anna Tyrle
On the 70th anniversary of the lifting of the blockade of Leningrad, the correspondent of SPB.AIF.RU followed the route
from Vosstaniya Square to St. Isaac's Cathedral, in order to compare the modern appearance of St. Petersburg with photo chronicles of the blockade years.
The blockade of Leningrad by fascist German troops, which lasted for 872 days, changed the northern capital beyond recognition. Buildings on Nevsky Prospect were destroyed, tanks were driving around the city and anti-aircraft guns were stationed. A photo chronicle of the blockade years gives a good idea of the conditions in which a Leningrader had to live and fight, and a comparison of blockade photographs with modern ones - about how radically Leningrad-Petersburg has changed over the past 70 years.
ligovsky Avenue
The photo shows the intersection of Nevsky Prospekt with Ligovsky, which was Ligovskaya Street during the siege. The duty officer finds the victims of the first shelling of the city by fascist artillery on the street. This was in September 1941. Soon dead bodies on the streets will become commonplace for Leningraders, and special funeral brigades will be created to clean them.
Victims of shelling at the corner of Ligovsky and Nevsky Prospekt
Cinema "Khudozhestvenny"
At present, the cinema is located in the same place as during the years of the siege - at 67 Nevsky Prospect. Since the 1930s, Khudozhestvenny has become one of the most popular cinemas in Leningrad. The halls were filled even during the years of the siege. The cinema did not work until the first blockade winter, when the electricity supply was cut off. In the spring of 1942, the screening of films resumed. In late autumn 1941, a poster for the American film The Three Musketeers, directed by Alan Duane, hung on the walls of the cinema. Fruit was sold next to the cinema; now there is a clothing store on this place.
During the blockade, the movie theater was showing the film "The Three Musketeers".
Malaya Sadovaya
In the corner building at the intersection of Nevsky Prospekt and Malaya Sadovaya Street, during the years of the blockade, there was a hairdresser's, which worked throughout the blockade. The hairdressers took water for work from Fontanka and heated it on spirit lamps. The hairdressing salon worked here until 2006, then the Zenit-Arena store appeared in its place. Opposite the building is the Eliseev merchants' shop. During the years of the siege, there was a theater hall in which performances took place. Life in Leningrad went on against the background of death. While the store was preparing another performance, firefighters washed the blood of the dead from Nevsky Prospekt, and the funeral brigades loaded the dead people into the car.
Firefighters washed the blood of the murdered from the streets. 
The funeral team loads the remains of the shelling victims into a car.
Nevsky Prospect
During the blockade, Nevsky Prospekt was the "Prospect of October 25", and only on January 13, 1944 it was returned to its historical name. During the first blockade winter, people took water from the sewerage system on Nevsky. Now, instead of tanks heading for the front line, cars are driving along the Nevsky Prospect. At the place where the women were taken to bury the deceased child, there is now an underground passage. The building of the Gostiny Dvor was badly damaged by the bombing, and already in 1945, work began on its restoration.
The tank goes to the front line
People took water from the sewerage system on Nevsky Prospekt.
The blockade women are being taken to bury the deceased child.
Griboyedov Canal
The House of Books on the Griboyedov Canal continued to operate throughout the blockade. But the building next door, which now houses the Nevsky Prospekt metro station, was badly damaged. In November 1941, a bomb destroyed the central part of the building. During the siege, there were government offices, cafes, jewelry stores and the Small Philharmonic Hall. A year after the damage, the blockage in the building was covered with large plywood panels depicting the facade.
Engelhardt's house was heavily damaged by shelling.
The artist paints a destroyed building on Nevsky
Nevsky, 14
Inscriptions with the text “Citizens! During shelling, this side of the street is the most dangerous. ”With the besieged Leningrad, they were inflicted on the northern and northeastern parts of the streets, since the shelling came from the Pulkovo Heights and from the side of Strelna. The inscription on Nevsky, 14, was made by the soldiers of the Local air defense in the summer of 1943. Currently, the inscription is accompanied by a marble plaque. In total, six such inscriptions have survived in St. Petersburg.
Now the inscription on the building is accompanied by a memorial plaque.
Palace Square
During the blockade, Palace Square was called Uritsky Square. The blockade winters were very harsh. In the photo, Leningraders are removing snow and crushed ice from the square. In those years, the area was covered with asphalt, not paving stones. Under the Arch of the General Staff building there was an inscription warning of shelling as on Nevsky Prospekt. On July 8, 1945, the winners, the soldiers and officers of the Leningrad Guards Corps, solemnly marched through the arch.
Leningraders are clearing snow on the Palace Square.
Gorokhovaya street
Gorokhovaya Street was called Dzerzhinsky Street. There was a water pump on the street where residents of the besieged city went to fetch water. In the photo, workers are repairing a trolleybus overhead wire in 1943, when electricity returned to Leningrad and there were no problems with public transport.
Workers are repairing a contact wire on Gorokhovaya Street.
Saint Isaac's Cathedral
St. Isaac's Cathedral was badly damaged by shelling. Traces of the bombing are still visible on some of the columns of the cathedral. On St. Isaac's Square in front of the cathedral during the years of the siege, cabbage beds were laid out. Now this area is covered with a lawn. On the other side of the cathedral, where the Alexander Garden is now located, was a battery of anti-aircraft guns. Then this place was called the workers' garden by him. Gorky.
From the side of the Alexander Garden, an anti-aircraft battery was stationed near the cathedral.
Cabbage was grown on the square in front of St. Isaac's Cathedral
In order not to die of hunger, the Leningraders laid out beds in front of St. Isaac's Cathedral.
Bronze Horseman
During the years of the blockade, cultural monuments suffered enormous damage. This especially affected the monuments in the suburbs of Leningrad. The most valuable monuments were camouflaged, which helped save them from destruction. For example, the Bronze Horseman monument was sheathed with logs and boards, the monument was covered with sandbags and earth. They also did the same with the monument to Lenin at the Finland Station.
Monuments during the blockade were masked with boards and sandbags.
Leningrad, which lasted for 900 long days of death, hunger, cold, bombing, despair and courage of the inhabitants of the northern capital.
In 1941, Hitler launched military operations on the outskirts of Leningrad in order to completely destroy the city. On September 8, 1941, the ring closed around an important strategic and political center.
The city has 2.5 million inhabitants. Constant bombing by enemy aircraft destroyed people, houses, architectural monuments, food warehouses. During the blockade, there was no area in Leningrad that could not be reached by an enemy shell. Areas and streets were identified where the risk of falling victim to enemy artillery was greatest. There were special warning signs with such, for example, the text: “Citizens! This side of the street is the most dangerous during shelling. ” Several of them have survived in the city today in memory of the blockade.
Fierce hunger mowed thousands of people down. The card system did not save the day. The bread ration was so low that the inhabitants were dying of starvation anyway. The cold came in the early winter of 1941. But the Reich's hopes of panic and chaos among the population did not materialize. The city continued to live and work.
In order to somehow help the besieged residents, a "Road of Life" was organized through Ladoga, along which they were able to evacuate part of the population and deliver some food.
During the years of the blockade, according to various sources, from 400 thousand to 1.5 million people died. The historical buildings and monuments of Leningrad suffered enormous damage.
On January 18, 1943, the blockade was broken by the forces of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, and on January 27, 1944, the blockade of Leningrad was finally lifted. In the evening, the sky lit up with fireworks in honor of the liberation of the city on the Neva.
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To such significant date, my friends, I present to you this collection of photos.
1. Residents of frontline villages at the construction of defensive structures. July 1941
2. Soldiers of the Volkhov Front are building anti-tank obstacles. August 20, 1942
3. Evacuation. Leningraders boarding a steamer. 1942 g.
4. The loading of the dead and wounded onto trucks on Vosstaniya Square after another enemy shelling. 1941 g.
5. Anti-aircraft battery on the University Embankment. 1942 g.
6. Saltox's unit is leading a submachine gun th fire on the enemy. Leningrad front. 1942 g.
7. Commander of the 54th Army Major General Hero Soviet Union Fedyuninsky I.I. and Brigadier Commissioner Kholostov D.I.in the dugout, discussing the operational plan. Leningrad front. 1942 g.
8. First Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee and the City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov.
9. A unit of Sergeant Izienkov is crossing the river. Leningrad front. 1942 g.
10. Snipers Sergeant Bedash P.I. (right) and corporal Plekhov I. are advancing to a combat position. Leningrad front. 1942 g.
11. The commander of the air unit Korolev (left) congratulates Captain Savkin on the excellent performance of the combat mission. Leningrad. 1942 g.
12. On the basis of the hydro-turbine shop of the Stalin Metal Plant, according to the drawings of the Kirov Plant, the production of KV tanks was launched. 1942 g.
13. Zen artillerymen The inspectors are monitoring in one of the districts of Leningrad. 1942 g.
14. At the standpipe installed at the corner of Dzerzhinsky and Zagorodny Prospekt. 05.02.1942
15. Transportation of the gas tank at the corner of Ligovsky Prospect and Razyezzhaya Street. 1943 g.
16. Nurses for providing assistance to victims of enemy shelling. 1943 g.
17. In the spring on the "Road of Life". Ladoga lake. 1942 g.
18. The soldiers are attacking the forest occupied by the Germans. In the foreground are the wreckage of the german aircraft... Leningrad front. 1943 g.
19. The Red Banner Baltic Fleet destroyer "Stoyky" is firing at Hitler's positions. Leningrad. 1943 g.
20. The soldiers are advancing through the territory of the Shlisselburg fortress. 1943 g.
21. Stakhan controller ovka Baltic plant, Komsomol member Valya Karaseva at work. March 14, 1942
22. Stakhanov logging workers in Leningrad Anya Vinogradova and Tonya Sedakova sawing a tree. Leningrad region. March 23, 1942
23. Stakhanov's brigade Morozova loading firewood into wagons. Leningrad region. July 21, 1942
24. Soldiers of the Leningrad Komsomol fire-fighting regiment of the Vasilyevsky Island Galina Kuritsyna and Erna Kiwi at the post. 1942 g.
25. Girls - fighters of the Defense Ministry for clearing and cleaning the city. March 1943
26. Leningradki clearing tram lines on the Moscow highway. April 23, 1944
27. Hospital workers E. Skarionova and M. Bakulin picking cabbage. 1942 g.
29. Waiting for a signal. Sergeant K.P. Tyapochkin at the balloon in the park on Chernyshov Square.
30. Monument to Lenin under cover.
31. Funeral procession on Nevsky Prospect.
32. Educational training training of the fire platoon of the Local Air Defense on Nevsky Prospekt near the Kazan Cathedral.
33. Teacher E.M. Demina is teaching a lesson in the 7th grade of secondary school No. 10 of the Sverdlovsk region of Leningrad. Foreground: pupils Olya Ruran and Zoya Chubarkova.
34. Children in a bomb shelter during an enemy air raid.
35. Consultant doctor L. G. Myskova with sleeping newborn children in nursery number 248 of the Sverdlovsk region. 1942 g.
36. Nina Afanasyeva - she was born in the days of the blockade. 1942 g.
37. The worker of the bakery № 61 named after A.Ye. Badayeva Emilia Chibor puts bread in boxes to be sent to the store.
38. Meeting of the soldiers of the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts in the area of the village number 1. Leningrad region. 1943 g.
39. Soldiers unload boxes with exhibits of the State Hermitage, returned from evacuation to Sverdlovsk. 1945 g.
40. Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Ivanovich Klyukanov, commander of one of the infantry units that defended besieged Leningrad.
41. Women are engaged in the transportation of nadolb on the Moscow highway in besieged Leningrad. November 1941
42. Soviet soldiers walk past the roadblocks on Mezhdunarodny Prospekt in besieged Leningrad. 1942 g.
43. A Leningrad firefighter is helping his injured comrade.
44. Women cultivate land for a vegetable garden on the square in front of St. Isaac's Cathedral in Leningrad.
45. Leningraders examine an unexploded and defused German aerial bomb.
46. A woman with dystrophy lying on a bed in besieged Leningrad. 1942 g.
47. The first sled train goes to besieged Leningrad across the ice of Lake Ladoga. November 24, 1941
48. Inhabitants besieged Leningrad moving the tram car away from the facade of the house destroyed by the bombing. October 1942
49. Anti-aircraft battery at St. Isaac's Cathedral in besieged Leningrad. 1942 g.
50. Removing snow on Uritsky Square in besieged Leningrad.
51. Destruction as a result of German shelling of a temporary bridge across the Neva on the Polyana-Shlisselburg line. 1943 g.
52. The team that won the right to conduct the first train from Leningrad to " The mainland". From left to right: A.A. Petrov, P.A. Fedorov, I. D. Volkov. 1943 g.
53. A column of Red Army soldiers moves along the Zhores Embankment in Leningrad past the moored Irtysh floating base. Autumn 1941
54. Female air defense fighters are on alert on the roof of house No. 4 on Khalturin Street in Leningrad. 05/01/1942
55. Commander of the Soviet submarine Sch-323 Lieutenant-Commander t Fedor Ivanovich Ivantsov on the deck of his ship in besieged Leningrad. 1942 g.
56. The movement of vehicles along the "Road of Life" in March 1943.
57. Victims of German artillery shelling in Leningrad. 12/16/1943
58. Soviet submarine P-2 "Zvezda" in Leningrad. May 1942
59. Scout marines sailor-horde the cannon-bearer P.I. Kuzmenko. Leningrad front. November 1941
60. Children of besieged Leningrad at the beds on the Mytninskaya embankment. 1942 g.
61. Soviet submarine "Lembit" at the embankment of the Summer Garden in besieged Leningrad. 1942 g.
62. The commander of the Soviet submarine Sch-320, Captain 3rd Rank Ivan Makarovich Vishnevsky (1904-1942) on the deck of his ship. Leningrad. 11/22/1941
63. The military commissar of the Soviet submarine Sch-323, senior political instructor A.F. Kruglov talks with personnel in besieged Leningrad. April-May 1942
64. Setting a combat mission to Soviet officers next to the Baltiets armored train.
65. Soviet clerics and, awarded with medals "For the Defense of Leningrad".
66. Soviet tank T-26 from the 55th Army with a loud-speaking installation for oral agitation. Leningrad front.
67. The commander of the department of navigational electricians of the Soviet submarine M-96, petty officer of the 2nd article V.A. Kudryavtsev. Leningrad. May 1942
68. The foreman of the torpedo group of the Soviet submarine M-96, midshipman V.G. Glazunov examines the torpedo tube. Leningrad. May 1942
69. Soviet submarines M-79 and Shch-407 in besieged Leningrad. March-May 1943
70. Soviet submarine Shch-408 in besieged Leningrad.
71. Krasnoflotets V.S. Kucherov cleans the 45-mm bow gun of the Soviet submarine Sch-407. Leningrad. 04/17/1942
72. Calculation of the 45-mm bow gun of the Soviet submarine Sch-407 during training. Leningrad. 04/17/1942
73. Leningraders and Red Army men at the order to the troops of the Leningrad Front to lift the blockade of the city. January 1944
74. A resident of besieged Leningrad carries the body of the deceased on a handcart.
75. The first German prisoners of war on Tchaikovsky Street in Leningrad. September 1941
76. Leningraders look at the first German prisoners. September 1941
“Nowhere in Russia is this catastrophe seen with such merciless clarity as in Petrograd ... typewriters institutions of the new regime, which devotes all its strength to the tense struggle against hunger and interventionists. All ... the shops are closed ... The shops in Petrograd have the most miserable and neglected look. The paint has peeled off, the windows are cracked, some are completely boarded up by boards; in others, there are remnants of goods still covered in flies; some are sealed with decrees; the windows of the shop windows have faded, everything is covered with a two-year layer of dust. These are dead shops. They will never be reopened. ... All large markets in Petrograd are also closed ...
Nobody else "walks" here. People hurry past; the streets have become much deserted in comparison with what has remained in my memory since 1914 ... ... We made almost all of our long trips around the city in cars provided to us by the authorities, left over from bygone times. Car driving consists of monstrous jolts and sharp turns. The surviving cars are refueled with kerosene. They emit clouds of pale blue smoke, and as they drive off, it looks like a machine gun fire has begun. Last winter everyone wooden houses have been torn apart for firewood, and only the foundations stick out in the gaping chasms between the stone buildings. People were worn out; all of them, in Moscow and in Petrograd, drag some bundles with them. When you walk down a side street at dusk and see only poorly dressed people hurrying along with some kind of baggage, it seems that the entire population is fleeing the city. " (H. Wells)
Palace of Culture. Gorky Stachek pl., 4 Stachek pl. Architects: Gegello A. I. Krichevsky D. L. Rail V. F. Gegello A. I. Krichevsky D. L. Rail V. F.
Residential workers' quarter of the Putilovsky plant - arch. Gegello A.I., Nikolsky A.S., Simonov G.A. Tractor st., 3-4 Tractor st.
Kirovsky department store Pl. Stachek, 9 Architects: Barutchev A.K., Gilter I.A., Meerzon I.A.
House of Soviets Narva District - Building of the Kirov District Council - arch. Trotsky N.A.
Palace of Culture. I. I. Gaza Ave. Stachek, 72 Architects: Gegello A.I., Krichevsky, Poltoratsky E.M. Year built:,
« Big house"(NKVD building) Liteiny pr., Architect. ON. Trotsky, A.I. Gegello, A.A. Ol
Frunzensky department store. Moskovsky pr., Years. - arch. E. I. Katonin, L. S. Katonin, E. M. Sokolov, K. L. Johansen, engineer. S. I. Katonin
Moscow District Council Arch. I. I. Fomin in collaboration with V. G. Daugul and B. M. Serebrovsky years
House of Culture of the Union of Leatherworkers named after Kapranova. Moskovsky pr. 97 Arch. Reisman,
Factory-kitchen gg. - architects E. I. Katonin, E. M. Sokolov, Moskovsky pr., 14
high school N 374 Moskovsky district, Moskovsky pr., 96.1938 - architect. SV Vasilkovsky Moskovsky prospect The building is especially interesting because it was assembled from large blocks in twenty-eight days, and after fifty-six - the school was put into operation. The building was one of the pioneers of large-block construction.
Dynamo stadium. Arch. O. L. Lyalin, J.O. Svirsky, Krestovsky Island, Dynamo Ave., 44
The first house of the Lensovet, nab. Karpovka river, 13 /, architect. E. A. Levinson, I. I. Fomin of the Leningrad City Council of the Karpovka River E. A. Levinson I. I. Fomin
Residential building - House - "Sausage" 1932 - architect. G. A. Simonov (?) The house of cheap functional housing for workers was built in 1932. It is believed. that at that time it was the longest house in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad), about 300 meters long. The house is located between Babushkina and Sedova streets, bends in an arc, therefore it received the nickname "sausage". The author of the project is not identified, but it is believed that it is arch. G. A. Simonov, who in 1928 was sent to Germany, where he studied the works of German functionalists and the famous apartment building of the architect Bruno Trout.
Housing estate of the Electrosila plant. Residential building 57 Blagodatnaya St. Architects: G. A. Simonov Blagodatnaya G. A. Simonov St.
Factory "Red banner" Factory "Red banner", Pionerskaya street, architect. E. Mendelssohn, I. A. Pretro, S. O. Ovsyannikov E. Mendelssohn A. Pretro S. O. Ovsyannikov
Distinctive features of the style: Ensemble building of streets and squares; synthesis of architecture, sculpture and painting; development of the traditions of Russian classicism; the use of architectural orders; bas-reliefs with heraldic compositions and images of workers; optimistic mood of the whole work; the use of marble, bronze, precious woods and stucco moldings in the design of public interiors.
