The meaning of heat
Sources of heat
Heat production and heat supply
The use of heat
New technologies of heat supply
The meaning of heat
Heat is one of the sources of life on Earth. Thanks to the fire, the origin and development of human society became possible. From ancient times to this day, heat sources serve us with faith and truth. Despite the unprecedented level of technology development, man, like many thousands of years ago, everything also needs warmth. With the increase in the population of the globe, the need for heat increases.
Heat stands in a number of the most important resources of human habitat. It is necessary for a person to maintain his own life. Heat is also required for technology, without which a modern person does not think its existence.
Sources of heat
The most ancient sources of heat is the sun. Later at the disposal of man turned out to be fire. On its basis, a person created the technology of obtaining heat from organic fuel.
Relatively recently for the production of heat began to use nuclear technology. However, the burning of organic fuel is still remaining the main way to produce heat.
Heat production and heat supply
Developing technology, a person learned to produce heat in large volumes and transmit it to quite considerable distances. Heat for large cities is produced on large thermal power plants. On the other hand, there are still many consumers, which are supplied with warm and medium boilers. In the countryside, the household is heated from home boilers and stoves.
Heat production technologies make a significant contribution to environmental pollution. Fiercing fuel, man throws a large amount of harmfulness into the ambient air.
The use of heat
In general, a person produces much more heat than using benefit for himself. Many warmth we simply dissipate in the surrounding air.
Heat is lost
due to imperfection of heat production technologies,
When transporting heat to heat pipelines,
due to imperfection of heating systems,
Due to the imperfection of housing,
due to imperfection of ventilation buildings,
when removing "excess" heat in various technological processes,
when burning production waste,
With exhaust gases of transport on internal combustion engines.
To describe the position of affairs in the production and consumption of heat, the word is well suited. An example, I would say, wasteful waste is incinerating associated gas on oil fields.
New technologies of heat supply
Human society spends a lot of strength and means to obtain heat:
extracts fuel deep under the ground;
transports fuel from deposits to enterprises and housing;
builds installations for heat;
Builds thermal networks for heat distribution.
Probably, you should think: Is everything reasonable here, is everything justified?
The so-called technical and economic advantages of modern heat supply systems are at their essence are momentary. They are associated with significant environmental pollution and not reasonable use of resources.
There is warm, which is not needed. This is heat of the sun. It must be used.
One of the end targets of heat supply technology is the production and delivery of hot water. Have you ever used the summer shower? Capacity with a crane installed in an open area under the rays of the sun. A very simple and affordable way to supply warm (even hot) water. What prevents from using it?
With the help of heat pumps, a person uses the heat of the earth. For the heat pump, it is not necessary to fuel, it does not need an extended heat treatment with its heat loss. The amount of electricity required for the heat pump is relatively small.
The advantages of the most modern and advanced technology will be reduced to no, if it is stupid to use its fruits. Why produce warmly away from consumers, transported it, then distribute on dwellings, heating the land on the road and the ambient air?
Distributed heat production should be developed as close as possible to consumption places, or even combined with them. For a long time known method of production of heat named cogeneration. Cogeneration plants produce electricity, warmth and cold. For the fruitful use of this technology, it is necessary to develop a human habitat as a unified resource system and technology.
It seems that to create new heat supply technologies should
revise existing technologies
try to get away from their shortcomings
Collect on a single basis for interaction and addition to each other,
To fully use their advantages.
This implies understanding
The invention relates to thermal power. The method of combined electricity production, heat and cold turns on the conversion of heat of combustion products into mechanical energy using a thermal engine, the transformation of mechanical energy into electric in the electric generator, the transmission of the coolant heated in the cooling circuit of the thermal engine and exhaust gases with heat exchangers, at least two Heating steps, heating, hot water supply and ventilation and receiving cold in an absorption refrigeration machine. Part of the coolant is discharged for the goals of hot water supply, heating and ventilation in front of the heat exchangers of the second and / or subsequent heating steps depending on the required temperature of the coolant in hot water systems, heating and ventilation. The remaining part of the coolant is fed after the heat exchanger of the last stage of heating into the absorption refrigeration machine. The proposed method allows you to increase the refrigeration coefficient and the production of cold Cold AHM. 2 il.
Figures for the Patent of the Russian Federation 2457352
The invention relates to thermal power and can be used in combined heat, cold and electricity production.
There is a method of working the mobile installation of the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, in which the generator converts the mechanical energy of the rotating motor shaft into electricity, exhaust gases passing through the heat exchanger, give heat to a liquid heat carrier for heat supply to the heating period or are used in the absorption refrigeration machine for cold supply in Summer period.
The shortcomings of this method of operation of the installation include the low efficiency associated with the emission of a substantial part of the unused heat energy into the atmosphere.
Also known is the method of operation of the installation in which the internal combustion engine produces useful energy transformed into electrical energy using an electrical generator, the second internal combustion engine is used to drive a refrigerating machine compressor that produces cold during a warm period of the year. Heat, recycled from the engine and exhaust shirt, is used to heat consumers in the cold period of the year.
The disadvantages of the method of operation of this installation are incomplete use of the reset heat of internal combustion engines, additional fuel costs for the operation of the second internal combustion engine used to drive the refrigeration compressor.
The method of operation of the installation, simultaneously performing heat / cold and power supply, in which heat supply in the cold period is carried out by recycling the heat of exhaust gases and the coolant of the internal combustion engine, the mechanical energy of the rotating motor shaft is converted into electricity, the cold is produced in a warm season in Compression refrigeration machine.
The shortcomings of the method of operation of this installation include the low efficiency due to the insufficient use of the discharge heat of the internal combustion engine, the considerable cost of electricity to operation of the refrigeration compressor.
The closest technical solution (prototype) is the method of operation of the installation for generating electricity, heat and cold, along which the heat engine produces a mechanical work transformed into electrical energy using an electric generator. Allocated through the heat exchangers of the first, second and third steps of heating from the thermal engine, the discrete heat of lubricating oil, coolant and exhaust gases is disposed of for heat supply of consumers. In the warm period of the year, utilized heat is partially used to provide consumers with hot water, and partially fed into the absorption refrigeration machine to ensure the cold air conditioning system.
However, this technical solution is characterized by the relatively low heat carrier temperature (80 ° C) supplied from the heat engine, which leads to a decrease in the refrigeration coefficient and the refrigeration capacity of the absorption refrigeration machine.
The objective of the invention is to increase the refrigeration coefficient and refrigeration capacity by increasing the temperature of the coolant supplied to the absorption refrigerator.
The task is achieved as follows.
In the method of combined production of electricity, heat and cold, including the conversion of heat of combustion products into mechanical energy using a heat engine, the transformation of mechanical energy into electric in the electric generator, the transmission of the coolant heated in the cooling circuit of the heat motor and exhaust gases using heat exchanger at least Two steps of heating, heating, hot water supply and ventilation and receiving cold in an absorption refrigerator, part of the coolant are removed on the goals of hot water supply, heating and ventilation in front of the heat exchangers of the second and / or subsequent heating steps depending on the desired coolant temperature in hot water systems , heating and ventilation, the remaining portion of the coolant is supplied after the heat exchanger of the last stage of heating into the absorption refrigeration machine.
Due to the removal of a portion of the coolant for the needs of hot water, heating and ventilation, the mass flow rate of the heated coolant supplied to the heat exchangers of subsequent heating steps is reduced, and therefore, with other things being equal, without increasing the surface area of \u200b\u200bheating, the temperature of the heated coolant, which came out of these heat exchangers increases. An increase in the temperature of the coolant drawn into the absorption refrigerator allows you to increase its refrigeration coefficient and, accordingly, cooling capacity.
The proposed method of combined electricity production, heat and cold is illustrated in Figure 1 and 2.
Figure 1 shows a diagram of one of the possible energy settings, with which the method described can be implemented.
Figure 2 shows the dependence of the relative cooling capacity of the absorption refrigeration machine from the temperatures of cooled, coolant and heating water.
The energy installation contains the following items: 1 - air compressor, 2 - combustion chamber, 3 - gas turbine, 4 - heat exchanger of the turbine lubrication system (first heating stage), 5 - heat exchanger cooling discs and turbine blades (second heating level), 6 - heat exchanger exhaust gases (third heating level), 7 - heat exchanger of heat supply system (heating, consumer ventilation), 8 - absorption refrigeration machine, 9 - heat consumer (heating and ventilation), 10 - Consumer of cold, 11 - consumer of hot water, 12 - dry cooling tower of energy installation, 13 - cooling tower of the refrigeration machine, 14 - pump circuit circuit of the refrigerator, 15 - Pump Cooling Consumer Contour, 16 - Contour of the Hot Water supply of consumers, 17 - Pump Heat Contour (heating and ventilation), 18 - Pump Circuit cooling of the heat engine, 19 - electric generator, 20 - heat exchanger of the hot water supply system ITERS, 21, 22, 23 - pipelines for the supply of heating heat carrier in the heat exchanger of the hot water system (20), 24, 25, 26 - pipelines for supplying the heating coolant in the heat exchanger (7) of the heat supply system (heating and ventilation), 27 - the heating coolant supply pipeline Absorption refrigeration machine, 28 - circuit of cooling thermal engine.
The method of operation of the installation is carried out as follows.
In the compressor 1, the process of compression of atmospheric air occurs. From the compressor 1 air enters the combustion chamber 2, where through the nozzles continuously under pressure is the sprayed fuel. From the combustion chamber 2, combustion products are sent to the gas turbine 3, in which the energy of combustion products is converted into the mechanical energy of the rotation of the shaft. In the electrical generator 19, this mechanical energy is converted into electrical. Depending on the heat load, the installation works in one of three modes:
I mode - with heat release on the goals of heating, ventilation and hot water supply;
II mode - with the release of heat for hot water supply and on the absorption refrigerator;
III mode - with release of heat for heating, ventilation and hot water supply and absorption refrigerator;
At i mode (in the cold period of the year), the coolant heated in the heat exchanger of the lubricant 4 (first heating stage), the heat exchanger of the cooling system of discs and the blades 5 (the second heating stage) and the heat exchanger of the exhaust (exhaust) gases 6 (third heating stage) by pipeline 26 is served in heat exchanger 7 for heating and ventilation of consumers 9 and by pipelines 21, and / or 22, and / or 23 on the hot water heat exchanger 20.
On the second mode (in the warm period of the year), depending on the required temperature in the hot water system, part of the coolant is discharged after the heat exchanger of the lubricant 4 (first heating stage) and / or heat exchanger of the cooling system of discs and blades 5 (second heating stage) and / or heat exchanger The outgoing (exhaust) gases 6 (third heating steps) on the pipelines 21, and / or 22, and / or 23 on the hot water heat exchanger 20, and the remaining coolant via pipeline 27 is fed to the absorption refrigerator 8 to obtain the cold used for cooling consumers 10.
On stage III (in the autumn-spring period), depending on the required temperatures in hot water systems, heating and ventilation, part of the coolant is removed after the heat exchanger of the lubricant 4 (first heating stage), and / or heat exchanger of the cooling system of discs and blades 5 (second stage heating), and / or heat exchanger of outgoing (exhaust) gases 6 (third heating steps) via pipelines 21, and / or 22, and / or 23 on the heat exchanger of hot water supply 20, part of the coolant after the heat exchanger of the lubricant system 4 (the first heating stage), Heat exchanger of the cooling system of discs and blades 5 (second heating stage) and / or heat exchanger of outgoing (exhaust) gases 6 (third heating steps) via pipelines 24, and / or 25, and / or 26 are supplied to heat exchanger 7 for heating and ventilation consumers 9 remaining in the circuit of the cooling circuit of the heat motor 28 part of the coolant via pipeline 27 are fed to the absorption refrigerator 8 to get cold using For cooling consumers 10. The coolant cooled in the heat exchangers 7, 8 and 20, the pump 18 is transmitted to heating to the heat exchangers 4, 5, 6. In the absence of thermal energy, excess heat is removed through dry cooling towers in the atmosphere.
For example, when setting the installation in II mode, in the case of a coolant selection on the target of hot water supply after a heat exchanger of the third heating stage, a coolant with a temperature of 103.14 ° C was supplied to the absorption refrigerator.
In the case of a selection of 30% of the coolant for the goal of hot water supply after a second stage heat exchanger, a coolant with a temperature of 112.26 ° C is supplied, which gives an increase in the cooling capacity (according to FIG. 2) by 22%.
In the case of a selection of 30% of the coolant for the target of hot water supply after a heat exchanger of the first stage in the absorption refrigerator, a coolant is supplied with a temperature of 115.41 ° C, which gives an increase in the cooling capacity (according to FIG. 2) by 30%.
The technical result that can be obtained in the implementation of the invention is to increase the refrigeration coefficient and the refrigeration power of the absorption refrigerator by increasing the temperature of the coolant, allotted from the engine cooling circuit. The use of a coolant with higher parameters obtained as a result of a decrease in its average flow in the cooling circuit of the heat motor due to the removal of a portion of the coolant when they reach the required temperature to the needs of heat supply, allows you to increase the refrigeration capacity of the absorption refrigeration machine.
Information sources
1. Patent No. 2815486 (France), publ. 04/19/2002, IPC F01N 5/02-F02B 63/04; F02G 5/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/04; F01N 5/00; F02B 63/00; F02G 5/00; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/00.
2. Patent No. 2005331147 (Japan), publ. 02.12.2005, IPC F25B 27/00; F25B 25/02; F25B 27/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 25/00; F25B 27/02.
3. Patent No. 20040061773 (Korea), publ. 07.07.2004, MCP F02G 5/00; F02G 5/00.
4. Patent No. 20020112850 (USA), publ. 08/22/2002, IPC F01K 23/06; F02G 5/04; F24F 5/00; F01K 23/06; F02G 5/00; F24F 5/00.
CLAIM
The method of combined production of electricity, heat and cold, comprising transforming the heat of combustion products to mechanical energy using a thermal engine, transforming mechanical energy into electric in the electric generator, the transmission of the coolant heated in the cooling circuit of the heat engine, and exhaust gases with the help of heat exchangers at least two Heating steps, heating, hot water supply and ventilation and receiving cold in an absorption refrigeration machine, characterized in that part of the coolant is removed on the target of hot water supply, heating and ventilation in front of the heat exchangers of the second and / or subsequent heating steps depending on the required temperature of the coolant in Hot water supply, heating and ventilation systems, the remaining portion of the coolant is supplied after the heat exchanger of the last heating stage in the absorption refrigerator.
To date, several similar projects have already been implemented in Russia. In particular, in Moscow, trigeration systems are equipped with a Sberbank Corporate University and a newly built Spartak Stadium. There are regional examples. So, certain interest is the trigenment energy center of a large shopping center in Perm, which is erected by the Karment Group of Companies.
The construction of a five-story shopping center on Karpinsky Street began in 2013, the surrender is planned in early 2016. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe object is 29 thousand m 2. The required estimated power consumption of the shopping center for electricity is 1500 kW, heat - 2700 kW, on cold - 1800 kW.
To ensure the power supply of this facility, the project organization Energoplanner LLC has chosen gas pipes Bosch CHP CE 400 Na with a capacity of 400 kW in combination with LG absorption chillers.
When operating gas pipeline (GPU) or gas turbine (GTU) installation with 1 kW of the generated electricity there is an opportunity to receive from 1 to 2 kW of thermal energy as hot water. In the shopping centers, the electric load is quite uniform during the year, and the need for cold is comparable to active electrical power. From hot water with ABCHM, we get a cold with an average coefficient of 0.75. Thus, depending on the type of power plants, from their heat can be obtained from 50 to 100% of the required cold. As a result, it turns out an extremely energy efficient system. The lack of heat, as well as the reserve is provided by conventional water boilers, whose efficiency is close to 99%.
When developing a fundamental scheme of cold supply, the use of both parocompression and absorption chillers was considered. The choice was made in favor of the second option due to its advantage of both the operational and capital expenditures.
Absorption chillers are economical and environmentally friendly. They are simple, reliable and do not have pumps in their design. Their overall thermal efficiency is high - up to 86%, part of which (up to 40%) accounted for electrical energy. In trigeters based on internal combustion engines, both single-stage and two-stage systems can be used. Since cogeneration schemes produce heat, as a rule, in the form of water thermal energy, a single-stage system is more preferable. Along with simplicity, such a scheme allows you to dispose of more heat.
To ensure the power supply of the object, the project organization was chosen by gas piston installations Bosch CHP CE 400 Na with a capacity of 400 kW in combination with LG absorption chillers
Single-stage plants on lithium bromide operate on hot water low (up to 90 ° C) temperature, while two-stage absorption systems need heat at a temperature of about 170 ° C, characteristic of a pair. Single-stage absorption system on lithium bromide is capable of cooling water to a temperature of 6-8 ° C and has a cold conversion coefficient to heat about 0.7. The transformation coefficient of the two-stage system is about 1.2. So, absorption systems provide cooling power equal to 0.7-1.2 power obtained from heat source. When connecting to the triegerator installation of compressor refrigeration units, it is possible to obtain temperatures below 0 ° C.
Characteristic features of triegeration plants are:
- efficiency (to generate cold used excess heat);
- minimum wear (simple ABCHM);
- low noise;
- environmental friendliness (water is used as refrigerant);
- high whale.
Absorption refrigeration machines (ABCHM) produce cooled water when using two substances (for example, water and bromistric salts) located in thermal equilibrium, which are separated by heating, and then reunite again by heat removal. The targeted supply and heat removal under vacuum conditions with variable pressure (approximately 8 and 70 mbar) creates imbalances of substances, thus forcibly exposing their desorption or absorption. For the production of cooled water in the temperature range from 6 to 12 ° C, water (refrigerant) and brothistolytic salt (absorbent) are commonly used. To generate low-temperature cold to -60 ° C, ammonia (refrigerant) and water (absorbent) are used.
A feature of the absorption refrigeration machines is the use of refrigerant vapor not mechanical, but a thermochemical compressor.
The choice of gas pipeline installation was carried out by a set of many parameters, among which various resource indicators were considered, the cost of maintenance, technical and dynamic characteristics.
Compared to alternative options, the BOSCH installation has demonstrated a number of advantages, among which a higher efficiency of 38.5%, higher loading and unloading speed (40%), as well as higher resource indicators to overhaul (44 thousand hours ). Also, their significant advantage was the high quality of power supply - an automatically adjustable COS (QP) indicator with the ability to regulate the feed power into the network.
In total, the object is planned to install three GPUs with a capacity of 400 kW and two absorption machines, one of which will be equipped with a burner device. To coat the peak loads of heat consumption, it is planned to install the Buderus gas boiler. Also, a cascading MMS control cabinet was designed specifically for this project in Germany to ensure emergency mode of operation. As for the economic indicators of the project, the total capital costs will amount to about 85 million rubles at a payback period of five years.
It should be noted that this project in the field of trigesis was pilot for equipment suppliers and demanded a number of complex tasks. In particular, a certain time was required to prepare and obtain the necessary documentation, conducting training for the project organization, solving service issues.
"This is a sign project, both for us and for the companyLG in Russia. The implementation of such projects helps to fully demonstrate the advantages of trigeration technology and the quality of the solutions proposed. " - Commented on Dmitry Nikolaenko, head of the Mini TPP of Bosch Termothechika.
About Installations Bosch CHP
Bosch CHP gas supplies are one of the many areas of the Bosch Division. They are produced in the power range from 19 to 400 kW to generate electrical energy. In this case, the initial fuel economy compared to separate production of thermal and electrical energy can reach 40%. The use of this equipment can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Installations can be supplied as a ready-made installed module consisting of an engine, connecting parts, generator, heat exchanger and cooling circuit. Using the TPP control system can be combined with boiler heating from Bosch, as well as with cooling systems.
Trizgeration is a combined production of electricity, heat and cold using a gas pipeline. The composition of the trigeration plant (TSU): gas pipeline engine generator, thermal module, absorption refrigeration machine, control system. The generator produces electricity, heat module in winter, and the absorption refrigeration machine in the summer utilize the heat of the engine cooling shirt, oil cooling shirts and exhaust flue gases
The trigeration is profitable because it makes it possible to effectively use utilized heat not only in winter for heating, but also in the summer for air conditioning or for technological needs. This approach allows you to use the installation all year round, thereby providing the most quick return on investment. Maximum approach and ability to use for any consumer both as the main and backup energy source, installation anywhere (at least in the "pure field"), reliability in the work, fast payback and long service life of the main equipment (up to 25 years before full write off) withdraw TSU in the first place among alternative sources of power supply. Only the presence of gas is necessary.
Comprehensive approach to the implementation of the project Conducting an energy audit: identifying specific features in power supply at the Customer's facility Project development, selection of equipment equipment production and supply of equipment Training of customer personnel installation equipment, commissioning and commissioning Warranty and post-warranty service Continuous technical support
TSU can be used as basic as well as backup sources of power supply gasoline 1.5 - 12 kVA diesel 1.5 - 2000 kVA gas 23 - 1500 kVA MTU Ford Perkins Volvo Lombardini Honda Engines: Generators: Mecc Alte Stamford Engine Characteristics
What is necessary to pay attention when choosing a gas cogenerator: a) voltage b) electrical power c) location (platform) d) daily electricity consumption D) operation mode (island or parallel to the network) E) Availability of gas limits, gas pressure ) Starting currents h) Constructive execution
Autonomous power supply is more profitable! Factors of economic efficiency of autonomous energy supply 1. Natural gas is high enough. Cogenerators have high efficiency. There are no losses of electricity. Therefore, electricity obtained autonomously using cogenerators, 2 - 5 times cheaper. 1. Disappears the need to pay for the connection to the power grid and lay the heat maintenance (for new objects). There is no need for continuous repair of existing heating parts (for old objects). 2. The cogenerator utilizes the heat generated in the receipt of electricity. This heat can be used for hot water, heating objects, obtain cold, technological purposes,
Single electrical power - from 50 kW to 2 MW (on the order can be more). The coefficient of obtaining heat in relation to electricity - from 1.4 at small capacities up to 1.0 - on large. The coefficient of obtaining a cold in relation to heat is 0.7-0.5 the volume of capital investments - - rubles per kW of the installed capacity. Payback period - 2-4 years (depends on the equipment loading, with round-the-clock and maximum load payback faster) the cost of electricity under the condition of heat disposal for heating, obtaining hot water or cold - 0.55-0.60 rubles / kW hour, taking into account Service Specific Gas Consumption for obtaining 1 kW of electricity - 0.3-0.4 cubic meters Term Implementation of a turnkey project - 6-8 months Some technical and economic indicators of TSU
The trigeration system is a system of combined heat and electricity production, connected to one or more refrigeration units. The heat part of the trigeration plant is based on the heat generator with heat recovery, the power of which is carried out by using the exhaust gases of the primary engine. The primary engine connected to the AC generator provides electrical energy production. For cooling, periodically occurring excess heat is used.
Application of trigesis
The trigeration is actively used in the economy, in particular in the food industry, where there is a need for cold water to use it in technological processes. For example, in a summer period, breweries use cold water to cool and storing the finished product. On animal farms, water is used to cool milk. Producers of frozen products are working at low temperatures yearly.
The technology of trigesis makes it possible to convert to a cold to 80% of the thermal power of the cogeneration plant, which significantly increases the total efficiency of the cogeneration setting and increases its power resources coefficient.
The trigeration plant can be used yearly, regardless of the season. Disposable heat at triegeratives is effectively used in winter for heating, in summer for air conditioning and for technological needs.
It is especially effective to use trigeration trees in the summer period, in the formation of excess heat generated by mini-CHP. Excessive heat is sent to the adsorption machine for the production of cooled water used in the air conditioning system. This technology saves energy that is usually consumed by the forced cooling system. In winter, the adsorption machine can be disabled if there is no need for a large amount of cooled water.
Thus, the triegerative system allows 100% heat generated by mini-CHP.
Energy efficiency and high economy
Optimization of energy consumption is an important task, not only from the point of view of energy savings, but also from the point of view of ecology. Today, energy saving is one of the most pressing issues around the world. At the same time, most of the modern heat production technologies lead to a high degree of contamination of the atmosphere.
The triegeration at which the combined production of electrical, thermal and refrigeration energy occurs, is today one of the most effective technologies for increasing the energy efficiency and environmental safety of mini-CHP.
Energy savings when using triegerative technologies reaches 60%.
Pros and cons
Compared with traditional cooling technologies, the trigeration system has the following advantages:
- Heat is a source of energy, which allows the use of excess thermal energy, which has a very low cost;
- The electrical energy generated can be submitted to a shared power grid or used to ensure their own needs;
- Heat can be used to ensure the need for heat energy during the heating season;
- Require minimal maintenance costs due to the absence of movable parts in adsorption refrigeration plants that could be subjected to wear;
- Silent operation of the adsorption system;
- Low operating costs and low costs during the entire service life;
- Water is used as refrigerant instead of substances that destroy the ozone layer.
The adsorption system is simple and reliable to use. The power consumption of the adsorption machine is small because there is no liquid pump.
However, such a system also has a number of shortcomings: large dimensions and weight, as well as a relatively high value associated with the fact that today the limited number of manufacturers are engaged in the release of adsorption machines.
