388 Sea Intelligence Point. How to get into the special forces of the Marine Corps of the Russian Federation, who serves there. Tasks and structure of special forces of the Navy of Russia

- Your conductor of the world of large-scale modeling!

Yesterday, looking through the ribbon of events in the social network VKontakte, I came across in one of the groups on the photo called "Somewhere in the Russian Island Forests." It shows the fighter with the flag of the C / h 59190 42 OMRPSN. This is a rather amicing abbreviation remained in the heritage of the USSR.

This part is known to all seaside, and very many residents of the Far East are generally under a different name - "Holowi". This is part of the combat swimmers of the Pacific Fleet, working in the interests of the fleet and GRU.

Holowai (more than 2 options for the name - Haluai / Holulay) can be found for peculiar symbols of our edge. And since I describe memorable / military attractions of the Far East, I decided that it was simply obliged to tell you about her, dear readers and colleagues.

I myself first heard this name - Holowa (or rather, it was Holulay), when he arrived from Sakhalin to study in Khabarovsk. A person who, with each other, with a long time, took off the apartment at one time served as an urgent service in Tof. I went to the far ocean trips. Then I learned a lot of new and interesting about the Indian Ocean, Aden. I saw the fleet photos of the late 70s - the beginning of the 80s.

And among other things, we were then told about the completely secret divisions of the combat swimmers of Tof, who also carried the service on the ships. Solving of course its specific tasks.

In general, if it comes to Holoye - the question of extremely poor information about the life / service / methods of preparation in parts of the Sea Special Forces of the USSR Navy is populated. Generally about all parts. These were practically the most secret parts in the country.

And where there is no reliable information - there is a mass of rumors and legends. Yes, it is legends.

What can only be heard about the fighters of this unit, and the fact that they did. Each "Sofa Expert" wants to say that he was personally familiar or served there. Everyone saw and knows exactly.

I can say one thing. Those people who served / serve in MRT SPN or are silent at all, bypassing the questions of the service, or are limited to common phrases about how they got there and what they did.

I know this on your own experience. Just because he worked at once in one company, where my older colleague was a chulacan. General phrases. General words. Subscribe to non-disclosure. State secrecy.

Only one thing is all the same people of a special cut. Sea. The sea makes a person to others. It gives a different attitude to life and death. Another look at many things.

Holowy live and soy. A part after the long semi-dimensional state of the vague time of the 90s again acts in full force. As they say people: "Go to the location will not work. Already on the approaches - once and the muzzle in the ground ":)))

Personally, I do not possess any secret information, I'm not going to open state secrets.

I just want you, dear colleagues, even slightly tasted the feelings of Far Eastern Primorye - freest of the edge, with beautiful nature and wonderful people. And they knew that there is such a strange, tasty word - Holowi. Behind which is the glorious story of Tof.

Sea Intelligence Point Special Forces

Fleet reconnaissance parachute, landing units (marine intelligence points) were created in the early 50s in the marine intelligence system.

As of 20 May 1953, the Commander of the National Academy of Sciences of N. Kuznetsov in the "Plan of Events to Strengthen the Intelligence Navy" approved the creation on fleet parts special purpose. In the summer of the same year, the first sea was formed on the Black Sea Fleet intelligence Special purpose (MRP SPN), whose commander was appointed Captain L-go Rang E. V. Yakovlev. The sea intelligence point was stationed in the round of the Bay of the Round near Sevastopol and had a person's personnel on the staff 72. One of the types of combat training was the airborne, where the seafronts were mastered by parachute jumping, including water.

Experienced teachings confirmed the need to create similar divisions on all fleets. As a result, the total of seven maritime intelligence points and the 315th training detachment of light divers (V / h 20884), who was preparing footage, including for maritime intelligence, was formed. The educational squad stationed in Kiev, and marine intelligence points were scattered in all fleets: two were on the Black Sea Fleet and Baltic, one by one - in the North and Pacific, one more was as part of the Caspian flotilla.

A special parachute of SVP-1 diver, which allowed the landing of the seabed in full diving equipment was adopted. Scouts of the Black Sea Fleet repeatedly on the teachings were performed by low-grade parachute landing from a height of 60-70 m.

According to the results of the inspection held by the Commission GRU in 1963, the combat readiness of the sea special forces was quite high. The Commission concluded that all maritime intelligence points were prepared for landing from a submarine, as well as to landing with a parachute method on a rough terrain with cargo at night. In addition, 23 Scout of the 42nd MRPCPH Pacific Fleet prepared for water parachute jumps.

A series of reorganizations by 1963 left on every fleet one sea intersection, and in the Northern Fleet due to complex climatic conditions The sea reconnaissance point was disbanded.

Composition of parts of special intelligence Navy of the USSR:

17th OBRSPN V / h 34391, ChF, Ochakov, Pervomaysky Island;
42nd MRPSPN V / h 59190, Tof, Vladivostok, Russian Island;
160th MRP ChF, Odessa;
420th MRTSPN V / h 40145, SF, Severomorsk;
431th MRPSPN V / h 25117, KASFL, Baku;
457th MRPSPN V / h 10617, BF, Kaliningrad, P. Sailing;
461th MRTSPN, BF, Baltiysk.

Spetsnaz Tof Holoway: 42 OMRP CH: V / h 59190

The legendary "secret part of Holowi" in Vladivostok copes its 60th anniversary on June 5. On this day in 1955, according to the GSF Directive Navy from March 18, 1955, with a deployment site in the Bay of Small Ulysses near Vladivostok, 42 \u200b\u200bMPP SPN (V / h 59190) is created on the Pacific Fleet. Due to the absence of the necessary premises, the accommodation in the specified location turned out to be impossible and only in December of the same year the personal composition is located at the permanent deployment point on the Russian Island in the Holowai Bay.

Map of about. Russian: Sights of the island incl. and the location of MRP

The history of the 42nd Special Sea Intelligence Point of Special Forces began on March 18, 1955. First, he, like other parts of the fleet special forces, formed earlier on the CBF and the ChF, was called the "maritime intelligence item." In the 1970s, marine intelligence points received the names of the RSSPN, retaining the points of the points.

Chevrons and Icons 42 MRP CH

The ancestor of the part is twice the hero of the Soviet Union, the captain of the 1st rank Victor Leonov. At the end of World War II, he commanded the 140th Guards Marine Deployment of the Pacific Fleet. This detachment was famous for bold operations and rightfully wore the title of Guards.

Considering that V / h 59190 was created on the basis of this squad, the command repeatedly went out with the initiative to return the former name of the part. The first commander of the 42nd RSPN was the captain of the 2nd rank Peter Kovalenko. The location of the deployment of the part at the base of the 42nd MRT was appointed Bay of Small Ulysses near Vladivostok, but there were no premises. During 1955, the point has changed its location, choosing a convenient place of basing. Only in early December 1955, the personnel of the 42nd MRU was relocated on the Russian island in the Holoi bay - the place of permanent deployment of the military unit 59190. Subsequently, the staff of the 42nd OMRPSPN has repeatedly changed.

On the day of the 60th anniversary of the "secret part of Holowai", the monument to Viktor Leonov was opened on its territory.

Monument twice Hero USSR Viktor Leonov

Also, the underwater sabotage carrier "Triton-2" is established as a monument in the part. Exactly the same today can be seen in the courtyard of the Museum on Svetlan Street. Ultra-low submarines "Triton-2" were in service with the fleet since 1975 to the 1990s. They were intended for patrolling the water area of \u200b\u200bports and raids, delivery and evacuation of divers reconnaissance, mining of berths, enemy ships, seabed studies.

Chairman of the Council of the Primorsky Regional Department "Combat Brotherhood", Colonel of the reserve, published in 2000 with the post of headquarters of the division marine infantry, Alexander Fedorov with warm feelings recalls years spent in the service in the sea special forces.

- In special forces it was possible to get only healthy guys in all medical records. In this part there was a completely different preparation, special tasks were performed. The service in the sea special forces is honorable, but the hardest work, which is not everyone on the shoulder, - said the colonel of the stock.

59190 included ships: MTL marine torpedoes and five boats, and for landing in the supervision version of the Naval Special Forces Holowa used inflatable boats of the SL-8.

The combat service of the fighters of Holowa Special Forces Tof takes place on the ships of Tof. Staying the 42nd OMRPSPN with all the necessary equipment and weapons on board the vessel meant that the Naval Special Forces Holowi was ready to land in the area of \u200b\u200bspecial events or to an intelligence area at any time. Groups of the 42nd OMRSPNs carry combat service and submarines. Such business trips continue for about two months. The combat service of the Special Forces Holowa on the surface ships lasts until six months.

"I would love to return to those times, if only because I was young." Despite the status of a special purpose, we, like all the military, were dismissal. It is impossible all the time was to sit "for wire"! Still, youth, girls, - Alexander Fedorov nostalgic.

The colonel of the stock noted that the scouts of the 42nd OMRPSPN fought in the first Chechen campaign. A group of 10 people of the Sea Special Forces Holowa was successful, but 3 were killed. All members of the Kholuai Special Forces group of Tof were marked by the awards of the Russian Federation. Invoice Andrei Dneprovsky and senior lieutenant Sergey Firsov awarded the title of Hero of Russia (posthumously).

During its existence, submarine diversifiers also performed combat missions in the Persian Gulf, in the Quiet and Indian Oceans.

Writer, journalist Alexey Sukkin In 1993-94 served in the special purpose ground ForcesBut periodically, they were part of the sea special forces.

- In the 90s, there, as in the whole army, was devastating and collapse. The army and fleet paid little attention, so people were engaged in survival there, it was not before combat training, "Alexey Sukkin said.

He noted that today everything is different. The part flourishes, and does not survive.

In the sea special forces go to serve people who meet the requirements for service in airborne Forces. Service life Standard: conscripts - one year, contract soldiers - 3 and 5 years, - said Alexey Sukkin.

The part still remains one of the most secret divisions of the Pacific Fleet and is considered to be elite in terms of combat training personnel.

Special Forces Tof is aimed at solving problems on the most important island and coastal enemy objects, for which he has underwater delivery products, special weapons and combat robots. But the most important thing is people trained, motivated, capable of impossible.

Holoway: What is it?

On Russian Island, the only Chinese toponym - Holowai Bay (Se-Huluay) has been preserved. The bay with a beautiful and rare for the Russian-Ostrovsky toponymics name Holowa translates from Chinese as "shore in the form of a pumpkin of Gorlyanka." "

Holowai "- formed by three components:" Hu "- Kubashka (pitcher)," Lu "- Ramysh," Ai "- shore, edge, edge of the mountain. In the Soviet period, a new Russian interpretation was to appear on military topographic maps - "Island".

However, the new name has taken root badly, so for everyone who knew the Holowi bay, so it is still and called.

VIDEO

Sources

Afterword

After this article came out to me on the post office came a letter from a person who offered to complement this material by the book Andrei Zagortseva "Sailor SPN". The author is a fairly famous military writer who served the urgent service in the Holoa who fought in Chechnya. After returned to 42 MPP as a lieutenant.

The book is truly interesting. She is wonderful to mine simple language, bunch of details. Personally for me - so she is very much like the work of Andrei Ilyina, whom I very respect.

Everyone who wants to feel the whole salt of the diver service - scouts - to read.

Preface
"Suddenly, for the enemy, we landed on the Japanese airfield and entered into negotiations. After that, we were, ten people, the Japanese were taken to the headquarters to the Colonel, the commander of the aviation part, which wanted to make the hostages. I connected to a conversation when I felt that I felt that was with us a representative of the Soviet command of the captain of the 3rd rank of Kulebyakin, which is called, "shred to the wall". Looking into the eyes of the Japanese, I said that we had all the war in the West and have enough experience to appreciate the situation that we will not hostages It's better to die, but I will die with everyone who is in the headquarters. The difference is, I added that you will die like rats, and we will try to escape from here. Hero of the Soviet Union Mitya Sokolov immediately got behind the back of the Japanese colonel. Soviet hero Alliance of the wheat locker the door to the key put the key in his pocket and sat down on the chair, and Volodya Olyashev (after the war - a Honored Master of Sports) raised Andrei together with a chair and put straight re D Japanese commander. Ivan Guzenkov came up to the window and reported that we were low, and the hero of the Soviet Union Semyon Agafonov, standing at the door, began to throw the anti-tank grenade in his hand.
The Japanese, however, did not know what we were smelled in it. Colonel, forgetting about the scarf, began to wipe the sweat from his forehead with his hand and after some time I signed an act of the surrender of the entire garrison. "- So described the marine intelligence officer Viktor Leonov, twice the hero of the Soviet Union, just one fighting operation, in which the handful of daring and brave nautical intelligence officers of the Pacific Fleet literally without a combat forced a large Japanese garrison to fold the weapon. Shamefully capitulated three and a half thousand Japanese samurai.
It was the apotheosis of the combat power of the 140th maritime intelligence detachment, the forerunner of the modern sea special forces, which today everyone knows under the incomprehensible and mysterious name "Holowi".

Sources
And it all started during the Great Patriotic War. Then the 181st reconnaissance detachment was successfully operating on the Northern Fleet, performing various special operations in the rear of enemy troops. The crown of the activities of this detachment was the seizure of two coastal batteries at Cape Crusad (who closed the entrance to the bay and could easily defeat the landing convoy) in the preparation of landing of the landing in the port of Liminachamari (Murmansk region).
This, in turn, ensured the success of the Petsamo-Kirkenes landing operation, which became the key to succeed in the liberation of the entire Soviet Polar region. It is difficult to even imagine that a detachment of a few dozen people, capturing only a few guns of German coastal batteries, actually provided victory in the entire strategic operation, but, nevertheless, it is so - for that reconnaissance detachment and was created in order to stive the enemy in small forces The most vulnerable place ...
The commander of the 181st reconnaissance detachment Senior Lieutenant Victor Leonov and two more of his subordinates (Semen Agafonov and Andrei Wenty) for this short, but an important battle was the heroes of the Soviet Union.

In April 1945, part of the personnel of the 181st squad led by the commander was transferred to the Pacific Fleet for the formation of the 140th intelligence detachment of Tof, which was supposed to be used in the upcoming war with Japan. Mai detachment was formed on the Russian island in the amount of 139 people and began combat training. In August 1945, the 140th intestine participated in the seizure of Yuki and Rasin ports, as well as Seysen naval bases and Genzan. According to the results of these operations, the main sentence of Makar Babikov and Michman, Alexander Nikandrov, the 140th reconnaissance detachment of Tof became the heroes of the Soviet Union, and their commander Victor Leonov received the second star of the hero.
Nevertheless, at the end of the war, all similar intelligence formations in the USSR Navy were disbanded by imaginary unnecessary.

But soon the story turned back ...

From the history of creating special parts:In 1950, separate special purpose companies were formed in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in each army and the Military District. In the Primorsky Territory, in particular, three such companies were formed: 91th (V / part No. 51423) as part of the 5th combination army with dislocation in Ussuriysk, 92th (V / part No. 51447) as part of the 25th The host army with the dislocation at the station of the Kuznetsov and 88th station (V / part No. 51422) as part of the 37th Guards Airborne Corps with dislocation in Chernigov. Before the company's special purpose, the task of searching and destruction in the deep rear of the opponent of the most important military and civil facilities, including the means of nuclear attack of the enemy, was set. The personnel of these mouth was trained in jurisdiction of military exploration, a minno-explosive case, jumped with parachute. For service in such parts, people were selected, for the state of health, suitable for service in airborne troops.

The experience of the Great Patriotic War showed the indispensability of such parts for decisive actions on the communications of the enemy, and in connection with the unleashing of the "Cold War" by the Americans, the need for such divisions was marked very bright. New units have shown their high efficiency in the first exercises, and the divisions of this kind were interested in the Navy.

Head of Intelligence Navy Counter-Admiral Leonid Konstantinovich Bacnev in his address to the naval minister wrote: "... taking into account the role of intelligence and sabotage units in the general system of exploration of fleets, I consider it necessary to carry out the following activities: ... Create ... Intelligence and divergent divisions of military intelligence, giving them the name of individual marine intelligence divisions ..."
At the same time, the captain of the first rank Boris Maksimovich Margolin theoretically substantiated such a decision, arguing that "... The difficulties and duration of training of scouts - light divers causes the need for their training and systematic training, for which special units must be created ...".

On the Pacific Fleet, its reconnaissance clause is created on the basis of the GSF directive of the NMS No. wM / 1/53060s dated March 18, 1955. However, the "Day of Parts" is considered to be June 5, 1955 - the day when the part has finished its formation and entered the fleet as a combat unit.

Bay Holowa.
The word "Holowi" (as well as its variations of Haluai and Halulia) on one of the versions means "Liberate Place", and although the disputes on this score still continue and China's such translation is not confirmed, the version is considered quite plausible - Especially among those who have served in this bay.

In the thirties, the Russian island (at that time, by the way, his second name is widely practiced - the island of KazAkevich, which disappeared from geographic maps Only in the forties of the twentieth century) was the construction of objects of the anti-defense defense of Vladivostok. Defense objects included shore long-term firepoints - dots.
Some particularly fortified dots had even their own names, for example, "stream", "rock", "wave", "bonfire" and others. All this defensive magnificence was served by individual machine-gun battalions, each of which occupied his defense sector.
In particular, the 69th separate machine-gun battalion of the Vladivostok sector of the Coastal Defense of the Pacific Fleet, located in the area of \u200b\u200bCape Red in Holowai Bay (New Djigit), served firepoints located on the Russian island. For this battalion in 1935, a two-story barracks and headquarters, dining room, boiler room, warehouses and a stadium were built. Here the battalion was stationed to the forties, after which it was disbanded. The barracks have not been used for a long time and began to collapse.

And in March 1955, a new military unit is settled here with very specific tasks, the secrecy of the existence of which was brought to the highest limit.

First Deputy Head of GRU Colonel-General I. Ya. Sidorov takes a report of the commander of a special forces group.

In an open source among the "dedicated" part, the name "Recreation" Recreation "Irktek" of the main naval base "Vladivostok". Part Also received the conditional name in / from No. 59190 and the open name "42nd Sea Intelligence Point of Special Forces." The people housed the "People's" name of the part - "Holowi" - by the name of the bay.

So what was it for the part? Why is it around it and then today hovets a lot of a wide variety of legends, sometimes bordering about fiction?

Birth of legend
The formation of the 42nd Maritime Intelligence Point of Special Forces of the Pacific Fleet began in March, and ended in June 1955. During the formation of the responsibility of the commander temporarily performed the captain of the second rank Nikolai Braginsky, but the first approved commander became the new part ... No, not a scout, and the former commander of the destroyer captain of the second rank Peter Kovalenko.

For several months, the part was based on Ulyvse, and the personnel lived on board the old ship, and before decaying a permanent deployment point on the island of Russian, exploration sailors at the training base of submarines were an accelerated course of diving training.

Arriving in the location of the part in the Holowai Bay, the scout sailors first took up ... Construction work, for her housing needed to somehow shut down, and no one was going to help them in this matter.

On July 1, 1955, a single battle preparation of future divers exponentials on the special purpose of special-purpose parts training program began. A little later began combat skim groups.

Already at that time, the command of the part came to understand that the selection in the sea special forces should be as tough as possible if not to be cruel.
The candidates for the service that were called from the military registration and enlistment offices or translated from the curriculum parts of the fleet, were waiting for harsh tests - during the week they were subjected to proceedable loads that were supported with rigid psychological press. Not everyone was kept, and who could not stand, immediately translated into other parts of the fleet.

But those who kept held, immediately enrolled in the elite part and proceeded to combat training. This test week began to be called "hellish". Later, when the United States has created its divisions of the "Marine Costs" (Seal), they adopted our practice of selection of future fighters as the most optimal, allowing one or another candidate in a short time, whether he was able to serve in parts of the sea special forces.
The meaning of this "personnel" hardness was reduced to the fact that the commanders initially had to clearly represent the abilities and the possibility of their fighters - after all, special forces acts in the separation from their troops, and the group can only count on themselves, and, accordingly, the meaning of any members of the team Raises repeatedly. The commander initially must be confident in his subordinates, and subordinates - in his commander. And only therefore "entrance to the service" into this part is so strict. Otherwise, there should be no.

Looking forward to say that today nothing is lost: the candidate, as before, has to go through serious tests, inaccessible most of them even physically well-friendly people.

In particular, the candidate first should be in a heavy body armor to run ten kilometers, putting on the running standards, provided for jogging in sneakers and sportswear. I did not meet - no one will talk to you on with you. If he ran on time, then it is necessary to perform 70 pushups from the end of the lying and 15 tightening on the horizontal bar. Moreover, it is desirable to fulfill these exercises in "pure form". Most of the people, already at the stage of jogging in the body armor, choking on physical overloads, begins to wonder if I need this happiness, if it is so every day? " - It is at this moment that the true motivation is manifested.
If a person strives to serve in the sea special forces, if he firmly knows what he wants, he takes this test, if he has doubts, then it is better not to continue these torments.

At the end of the inspection, the candidate put in the ring, where three instructors on hand-to-hand combat fighting with him, checking a person to readiness for a fight - both physical and moral. Usually, if the candidate reached the ring, this is already the "ideological" candidate, and the ring does not break it. Well, and then the candidate already talks commander, or a person who replaced him. After that, the harsh service begins ...

Officers of discounts are also not - the tests are held. Basically, three military schools are the Pacific Navy (Tovvmu), Far Eastern Military (Tovvmu), Far Eastern (FOUCH) and Ryazan Airborne (RVVDKU), although, if a person wants, he does not interfere with the officer from other schools To enter the service in the sea special forces - there would be a desire.
As a former officer of special forces told me, showing a desire to serve in this part before the head of the fleet intelligence, he immediately accounted for himself right in the Admiral office to sneak from the floor 100 times - counter-admiral Yuri Maksimenko (Head of PTF intelligence in 1982-1991), despite The officer was held Afghanistan, and was awarded two fighting orders. Thus, the head of intelligence Tof decided to cut off the candidate if he does not fulfill such an elementary exercise. The officer did the exercise.

At different times, part of the command:
Captain 1 rank Kovalenko Peter Prokopyevich (1955-1959);
Captain 1 rank Guryanov Viktor Nikolaevich (1959-1961);
Captain 1 rank Konnov Peter Ivanovich (1961-1966);
Captain 1 rank Klimenko Vasily Nikiforovich (1966-1972);
Captain 1 rank Minkin Yuri Alekseevich (1972-1976);
Captain 1 rank of Hotels Anatoly Vasilyevich (1976-1981);
Captain 1 rank Yakovlev Yuri Mikhailovich (1981-1983);
Lieutenant Colonel Evseukov Viktor Ivanovich (1983-1988);
Captain 1 rank omshearch Vladimir Vladimirovich (1988-1995) - died in February 2016;
Lieutenant Colonel Gritsai Vladimir Georgievich (1995-1997);
Captain 1 Rang Kurochkin Sergey Veniaminovich (1997-2000);
Colonel Gubarev Oleg Mikhailovich (2000-2010);
Lieutenant Colonel Belyavsky Zaur Valerevich (2010-2013).

Teachings and service
In 1956, marine scouts began to master parachute jumps. Usually the fees took place at the airfields of marine aviation - by subordination. For the first charges, the entire personnel was fulfilled two jumps from the height of 900 meters from the Li-2 and An-2 aircraft, and also learned to ate "assault" from Mi-4 helicopters - both on earth and water.

Another year later, marine scouts have already mastered the landing ashore through the torpedo apparatus of submarines lying on the ground, as well as returning to them, after performing the task on the coastal objects of the conventional opponent. According to the results of combat training in 1958, the 42nd marine intersection was the best special part of the Pacific Fleet and was awarded the passing pennant of the commander of the Tof.

In many exercises, intelligence officers have developed the necessary skills, they acquired special knowledge and expressed their wishes on the composition of equipping. In particular, in the late fifties, marine scouts formulated the requirements for armediation - it should be light and silent (as a result, samples of special weapons appeared - small silent silent pistols of SMEs, silent grenades "silence", SINP-1 pistols and submarine guns APS, as well as many other special weapons). Also, the scouts wanted to have waterproof upper clothes and shoes, and the eyes needed to protect with special protective glasses from mechanical damage (for example, today the equipment includes four varieties of protective glasses).

In 1960, the staff was increased to 146 people.

By this time, it was already decided with a specialization, which was conditionally divided into three directions:
- part of the personnel was represented by reconnaissance divers, which were to be engaged in the exploration of enemy naval databases from the sea, as well as mining ships and port facilities;
- Part of the sailors was engaged in conducting military intelligence - Simply put, landed from the sea, acted on the shore as ordinary land scouts;
- the third direction was represented by specialists from radio and radio engineering intelligence - these people were engaged in conducting instrumental intelligence, which allowed the most important objects in the rear of the enemy, like field radio stations, radar stations, technical observation posts - in general, everything that emptied Ether any signals and subject to destruction first.

Special underwater carriers began to enter the sea special forces - in other words, small underwater devices that could deliver diversants over long distances. Such a carrier was a double "Triton", later - also a double "Triton-1M", even later a six-bed "Titon-2" appeared. These devices allowed the saboteurs to imperceptibly penetrate directly into the enemy base, mining ships and berths, perform other intelligence tasks.
These were very secret devices, and those "terrible" was the story, when an officer of the sea special forces, hiddenly accompanying containers with these devices (in civilian clothes under the guise of an ordinary cargo freight forwarder) Suddenly, with a shiver in the knees heard a slingerhover, an overloading of a container with a railway platform On the truck, loudly shouted the crane driver: "Petrovich, raise neatly, here Tritons" ... and only when the officer took himself in his hands, hurt the shiver and calmed down a little, he realized that there was no leakage of super secret information, and the unlucky slinger was only In view of the three tons of weight of the container (just so much weighed "Triton-1M), and not secret" Tritons ", which were inside ...

For reference:
"Triton" is the first carrier of open-type divers. Immersion depth - up to 12 meters. Stroke speed - 4 nodes (7.5 km / h). The distance is 30 miles (55 km).
"Triton-1M" is the first carrier of closed divers. Weight - 3 tons. Immersion depth - 32 meters. Stroke speed - 4 nodes. The distance is 60 miles (110 km).
"Triton-2" is the first group carrier of closed divers. Weight - 15 tons. Immersion depth - 40 meters. String speed - 5 knots. The distance is 60 miles.
Currently, these samples of technology are already outdated and derived from combat composition. All three samples are installed as monuments in the territory of the part, and the written off the Triton-2 apparatus is also presented at the street exposition of the Museum of the Martial Glory of the Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok.

Currently, such underwater carriers do not apply for a number of reasons, the main of which is the impossibility of secretly use. Today, more modern underwater carriers of "siren" and "protea" of various modifications consist in armament of the Sea Special Forces. Both of these carriers make it possible to produce a secret plant of the intelligence group through the submarine torpedo apparatus. "Siren" "pulls on himself" two saboteurs, and "protea" is an individual carrier.

Cheering and Sport
Part of the legends about the "Holowai" is connected with the steady desire of the servicemen of this part to improve their intelligence and sabotage skills at the expense of its own associates. At all times, the "Holwisians" delivered many problems to persons for the daily outfit, serving on ships and in the coastal parts of the Pacific Fleet.
There were often cases of "educational and training" abductions of day-beal, duty documentation, car angles at the nasal military drivers. It cannot be said that the command of the part specifically put such tasks such tasks ... But for the successful actions of this kind of seafarers, even the short-term vacation could receive.

There is a lot of fairy tales and about how special forces "One knife is thrown in Siberia, and he must survive and return to the part".
No, of course, with one knife, no one is emitted anywhere, but when conducting tactical and special teachings of a group of intelligence officers can be abandoned to other regions of the country, where various training intelligence and sabotage tasks are put in front of them, after the execution of which you need to return to the part - preferably unnoticed . At this time, the police, internal troops and state security agencies are being searched for them, and citizens are declared that they are looking for conditional terrorists.

In the same part, at all times, sport was cultivated - and therefore should not be surprised that at present almost all the fleet competitions power species Sports, martial arts, swimming and shooting prizes are usually occupied by representatives of "Holly". It should be noted that the preference in sports is given not to strength, but endurance - it is this physical skill that allows seabed to confidently feel both in hiking or ski transitions and swimming for distances.
The unpretentiousness and ability to live without frills spent on the "Holowa" even a kind of saying: "There is no need for something, and something you can limit yourself."
It contains a deep meaning, in many respects reflecting the essence of the Sea Scout of the Russian Navy - which, pleaseing small, is able to make a lot.

Healthy Special Forces Chauvinism spawned a special doring of scouts, which became the pride of the soldiers of the sea special forces. Especially brightly, this quality was manifested during the exercises that were conducted and carried out almost constantly.

One of the admirals of the Pacific Fleet said somehow: "The guys of the Fleet special forces brought up in the spirit of love for their homeland, hatred for enemies and the realization that they are the Elite of the Fleet. Not for the feeling of their own superiority over others, but in the sense that they are huge to be spent on them. folk remedies, and their debt, in case of what, justify these costs ... ".

I remember, in a deep childhood, in the middle of the eighties, on the embankment near the C-56, I saw a lonely wandering sailor, who had a parachutist icon on his chest. At this time, a steam was loaded on the pier, the next to the Russian island (there were no bridges and there was no messenger). The sailor stopped the patrol, and he filed documents, desperately gesticulating, showing his hand on the ferry, which had already raised the ramp. But the patrol, apparently, decided to hold the sailor for some kind of propulsion.
And then I saw a whole idea: the sailor sharply pulled the cap of the older patrol on the oldest eyes, he grabbed his documents from him, he glanced with one of the patrols, and the string rushed to run to the exhaust ferry!

And the ferry, I must say, has already moved away from the pier on one and a half or two meters, and this distance the sailor-parachutist overcame in an elegant jump, grabbed the ferry leather, and there he was already drawn on board passengers. For some reason, I have no doubt, in which part he served that sailor ...

Return legend
In 1965, twenty years after the end of World War II, twice the Hero of the Soviet Union Captain First Rang Victor Leonov arrived at part. Several photographs have been preserved, on which the "Legend of the Sea Special Forces" is captured with the servicemen of the part, both with officers and with sailors. Subsequently, Viktor Leonov will soon visit the 42nd intelligence point several times, which he himself considered the worthy brainchild of his 140th intelligence detachment ...

Combat application
In 1982, the moment came when the Motherland demanded the professional skills of sea special forces. From February 24 to April 27, a regular special purpose group for the first time performed the tasks of combat service, while on one of the Tof ships.

In 1988 - 1989, during 130 days, an intelligence group was located on the combat service, equipped with submarine carriers of Siren and all the necessary combat vehicles. To the place of fulfillment of the combatal objective of "Holuaevtsev" delivered a small intelligence ship from the 38th Brigade of Intelligence Ships Tof. What they were for the tasks, while talking early, for they still hidden secrecy curtain. One thing is clear - some enemy these days it became very bad ...
In 1995, the group of military personnel of the 42nd Maritime Intelligence Point of Special Forces took part in a combat operation to guide the constitutional regime in the Chechen Republic.

The group was attached to the 165th regiment of the marine infantry of the Pacific Fleet, and, according to the senior chief of the grouping of the Marine Infantry of Tof in Chechnya, Colonel Sergey Konstantinovich Kondratenko, acted brilliantly. Scouts in any critical situation maintained composure and courage. Five "Holoaevsev" folded the heads in this war. In 1996, a monument to a military personnel who died in the part of the part of the military debt was established.

In 1985, the formation of a maritime intelligence point was launched on the Red Banner Northern Fleet, which were placed extremely important tasks. What was the reason for creating this unique military part of the special purpose, tells the first commander of the 420th RSPNN, now the counter-admiral of the reserve, Gennady Ivanovich Zakharov

The period of opposition to the United States and the USSR, both superpowers sought to penetrate the enemy's military plans and thus achieve advantages. On the Northern Fleet 43, the most modern submarines were ready to prevent the expenditure forces of the United States to land in Europe. According to the calculations of military analysts, Soviet submariners with this task could cope with the price of serious losses: up to 40 submarines were to stay at the bottom of the Norwegian Sea. But in the planned global war, it was an excessive fee for the rustling of American convoy with expeditionary forces.
At the end of the seventies, such capabilities of the Soviet submarine fleet began to cause doubts. It all started with the fact that submarines that were in combat duty began to report about some strangers of quacking noise. After carefully analyzing and systematizing these noises, analysts came to the conclusion that the sounds of the American Society system designed to track the movement of Soviet submarines in the ocean. The system was a network of electrical cables that covered the bottom of the Norwegian Sea and fixed the finding of each submarine in one or another square of this giant network. The system supplied Americans with information about all movements of Soviet submarines in the area and allowed to apply a preventive nuclear strike on them to the threatened period, even before the exit of the American convoy.
To increase the survivability of submarines, the science was tasked to increase the working depths of the Soviet atomic submarines, and thus protect them from shots of nuclear torpedoes. A division of submarines that had a single task was specially created - to disrupt the Socus system. But all measures were ineffective.
However, the American tracking system had vulnerable places. This aghilles fifth turned out to be coastal hydroacoustic stations (BGAS). When making their failure, the work of the entire system was disturbed. However, there were no funds for reliable disabilities of coastal stations on the Northern Fleet. Special intelligence officers could be the only guaranteed means of destroying BGAS. But due to the complex natural and weather conditions, the intelligence point on the Northern Fleet was disbanded in the sixties, and later the studies were subsequently spent in 1981 showed the impossibility of applying divers reconnaissance on the Barents Sea. One of the main reasons were low water and air temperatures characteristic of the Polar region. For the landing of divers in the rear of the enemy, with the help of a submarine and ensure their exit from the torpedo apparatus in the underwater position, the submarine was supposed to lie on the soil. Small depths in the Baltic and the Black Sea allowed to solve this task. The minimum depths in the north make up about 200 meters. The yield of divers from a boat lying on soil at such a depth is impossible. After all, their equipment is designed for depth of no more than 40 meters.
However, in the current situation it was necessary to look for a way out. In particular, it was proposed to create another detachment of the Baltic Fleet as part of the 561th MRP, which would prepare divers-intelligence officers specifically for the Northern Fleet and in the threatened period was transferred to the rapid submission of the Navigorian headquarters.
On August 19, 1983, from the composition of the 561th MRP, officers were sent to the Northern Fleet, who had to receive groups prepared on the Baltic, to carry out their pre-paragraph and solve the tasks for the destruction of BGAS. I was appointed a senior group, a senior diving specialist captain 2 rank Zharinov and a specialist in radio and radio engineering exploration and specialist Captain-lieutenant Koval were also left with me.
Our group has begun work and conducted a teaching. In the course of it, it was soon clear that from 18 divers reconnaissance arrived from the Baltic, only six could go under the water. Due to the problems of acclimatization up to 70 percent of the personnel arriving north, there were colds. Unusual low temperatures also had a negative impact on the health of personnel. In the summer, the water temperature does not rise above +6 degrees, and in winter, due to elevated salinity, it did not freeze even at -2.
It became clear that in the conditions of the war it will threaten a combat challenge. In order to avoid problems with acclimatization, people needed that would normally adapted to local natural and weather conditions.
We offered to create part of the special purpose as part of the Northern Fleet. As a result, it was decided to form a reconnaissance point of special purpose, which would be completed preferably by residents of the Murmansk region. The development and creation of an item took a year and a half. This idea was supported by the head of the intelligence of the Northern Fleet Yuri Petrovich Kvyatkovsky. Proposals for the formation of the point lay on the Table of Commander-in-law Navy of the USSR Admiral Chernavina.

In 1985, the staff of the newly created special purpose integral was approved - only 185 servicemen. I was prescribed to the post of intelligence commander, captain 1 rank Zakharov. The graduate of the Academy Captain 2 rank Konev, who had previously served in Caspiani, arrived at the position of headquarters. Officers for replacing vacant posts arrived from all over the Northern Fleet, including maritime infantry and even sea aviation. Requirements in the selection of candidates were tough. The focus was focused on the state of the health of candidates. With each new officer, an individual conversation was held, the degree of compliance of the candidate proposed was determined.
In June 1986, despite the fact that the vacancy remained in the detachment, there was a review of the readiness of the part to the fulfillment of educational and combat missions.

The beginning of the battle studies showed the imperfection of the state of the Republic of RP. The fact is that in the conditions of low temperalar temperabies for servicing diving equipment, batteries, submarines of movement, radio and hydroacoustic stations, other equipment was required at least twice as many service personnel than it was provided first.
The composition of the RP included two combat units - divers reconnaissance and radio and radio engineering reconnaissance (RRTR). According to the staff in each detachment there were three groups, but really was only one.
Subsequently, the state of the point was changed and numbered about three hundred people.

One of the main problems of special forces is the conclusion of groups in the rear of the enemy. The presence of own or constantly fixed tools of air or maritime output groups significantly increases the possibilities of this special intelligence unit.
However, on initial stage We encountered the technical unpreparedness of nuclear submarines to the conclusion of divers reconnaissance in the rear of the enemy. The great depths of the Barents and the Norwegian seas did not allow the divers from the soil. In order for this to become possible, the boat should have anchored in the underwater position. However, the three boats of the 671th project designed to withdraw the special purpose groups in the opponent's rear, like other boats, had brewed anchors and emergency buffs. The reasons for this "improvement" are quite prosaic. Due to the imperfection of the design to the stormy weather, Bui often breaks, and for their loss from the commander of the boat strictly charged, the anchors create an increased noise background, which leads to a violation of the secretion of the boat. Therefore, in order not to have problems, on all boats, contrary to security and booine requirements, and the anchors are not given, because they are tightly welded to the corpus.
Despite opposition from the submariner, I managed to positively solve this problem, and the boats began to stand on the underwater anchor for the output of divers through the torpedo devices.
In the brigade of the intelligence ships of the Northern Fleet, ships and the base of the 420th RSPN were placed. To ensure descents under the water, a diving ship VM-71, having on board special equipmentincluding the barocamera. And to perform educational and combat missions, Torpedols have been singled out, developing speed over 30 nodes.

With the start of combat training, the collection of reconnaissance information on objects began and probable opponentlocated in Norway and Iceland. In total such objects, we counted more than forty, of which four were the onshore hydroacoustic stations of the Sosus system.
Against BGAS worked the 1st squad. The 2nd squad acted against NATO aviation, which was based on the airfields of Northern Norway. The Far Radar Alerts, which is located in Northern Norway, was the object of the RRTR detachment.

For all objects, aerial photographs were collected, as well as snapshots made from space. In addition to the pictures, other information about the protection and defense of BGAS, obtained from the agent sources.
In order to increase the combat readiness of intelligence groups in the part, combat poses were created by the preparation of RGSPN to fulfill the task where all the necessary property of the group was located. The creation of such posts made it possible to significantly reduce the time of bringing the group to complete combat readiness.
In order for the groups to have the opportunity to train on real objects, similar objects that had similar location and infrastructure were selected on the fleet.
Combat preparation in the conditions of the Polar region is primarily connected with the most severe weather and natural conditions. At the initial stage, the teachings were aimed at studying the physical possibilities of a person under these conditions. So, at the first teachings, the regular group had a task to fall from a helicopter with freezing and then pass on skis about two hundred kilometers on the tundra. When performing jumps, the helicopter is gradually facilitated and rises all above. Latest dumped bale with skis. Under the law of meanness, he falling, hit the stone. I had to perform the task of broken skis. And the task was performed.
Groups studied to survive in low temperatures. So, for example, performing a combat challenge, built a needle from snow and tried to live in it. Practice has shown that there is simply impossible in such a shelter for more than two days. Despite the fact that the needle was built in all the rules and had ventilation outstands when the fire was bred inside it, the walls began to melt. A few hours later, everything that was inside, became wet. In the conditions of the Polar, raw clothing and equipment are true death.

The condition of a person who stays long during low temperatures was also studied. After three-four days at the scout, a complete apathy fell. One of the officers of the intelligence officers Igor Astakhov recalled how his foreman, always distinguished by sobriety of thought and tranquility, after a long stay in the cold in a state of complete prostration, destroyed the bank of a condensed milk from dry soldering on his palm, without damaging his hand. In the bank broken down in half, there was a piece of absentee condensed milk.
The only means that really helped survive under these conditions was fat. It even prevented from frostbite open areas Persons. It was enough to eat a few pieces. The high energy container of this wonderful product allowed the body to cope with low temperatures.
In order to increase the combat readiness of special-purpose groups, the officers of the headquarters and services on the exercises acted as commanders of groups or detachments.

In the process of combat training, I strongly avoided landing. The fact is that during the Great Patriotic War in the north there were only two rates of reconnaissance groups with parachute. At the same time, one of them because of strong wind Scattered on big SquareAnd the commander died. The most likely a marine way of bringing groups in the rear of the enemy was most likely. Therefore, all the time of combat training was devoted to the development of this method of action.
Exit to rock areas of Norwegian fjords is very and very difficult. Even when it is possible to come to the shore, due to the fact that the stones are very slippery, it is impossible to cling to the shore. To solve this problem, invented the use of a folding sapper cat, which was thrown into the stones of the shore. The shores of the fjords were hung with sheer cliffs, whose height reached 500 meters in some places. To overcome them, solid mining skills are needed. The basic course was held at the Mountain Training Center in Kirovakan in Armenia. Improved skills and on their rocks. Often, during the exercises without any mountain equipment, only using sapper blades for cutting steps, overcame iced, almost a steep rise of a height of more than one hundred meters.

It is necessary to emphasize that despite the extreme natural conditions and the extremely tense nature of the workouts carried out, in the 420th intersection there was not a single emergency associated with a fatal outcome. The fact is that before each task I developed a planning table of personnel actions in emergency and other suddenly emerging situations for the period of conducting exercises or other risk-related events. It was simulated in it, even the most incredible situations with which our scouts could encounter. In addition, the table was clearly indicated that the leader and a soldier who fell into an unpleasant and dangerous situation should be done in this case. I sought from my subordinate thorough knowledge of the "my maneuver" and the ability to act in the most difficult conditions that did not once be saved by human life.

Solving the tasks of combat training, the scouts of the point systematically worked on improving the level of protection and defense of the Northern Fleet naval bases. They skillfully opened the shortcomings in the system of protection and life support bases, penetrating the objects and mining them. Naturally, the next seafarers eliminated their flaws, but the scouts revealed and used new ones.
It did not do without special jokes. Once a group of 14 people on the exercises operated against the brigade of rocket boats. Scouts penetrated objects that were guarded by hourly armed with automatic cartridges, and "mined" them. After that, the mediator went to report to a community that the military unit was disabled. In the meantime, the commander of the group "mined" the pigsty and the sewer column than the part was out of order. Although this "disgrace" lasted for a short time and the sewer was soon cleaned, but to get the recovery of the intelligence officer from the commander.

Number of hits: 2404

See the same on special forces. Org.

The secret part of the "Holoi" of the Pacific Fleet, it is 42 MPP SPN (V / h 59190), was established in 1955 in the Bay of Small Ulysses near Vladivostok, later redesigned to the island of Russian, where to this day, diversants are fighting. There are many legends about these guys, they are admired by their physical training, they are called the best of the best, special forces cream. Each of them could be the main hero of the militant. Today, RIA PrimaMedia publishes the material of the Military Historian and Journalist Alexei Sukkin on the legendary part of the "Holowi". In 1993-94, he served in the special purpose of the land forces in the special purpose, but periodically part of them were in the sea special forces.
Preface
"Suddenly, for the enemy, we landed on the Japanese airfield and entered into negotiations. After that, we were, ten people, the Japanese were taken to the headquarters to the Colonel, the commander of the aviation part, which wanted to make the hostages. I connected to a conversation when I felt that I felt that was with us a representative of the Soviet command of the captain of the 3rd rank of Kulebyakin, which is called, "shred to the wall". Looking into the eyes of the Japanese, I said that we had all the war in the West and have enough experience to appreciate the situation that we will not hostages It's better to die, but I will die with everyone who is in the headquarters. The difference is, I added that you will die like rats, and we will try to escape from here. Hero of the Soviet Union Mitya Sokolov immediately got behind the back of the Japanese colonel. Soviet hero Alliance of the wheat locker the door to the key put the key in his pocket and sat down on the chair, and Volodya Olyashev (after the war - a Honored Master of Sports) raised Andrei together with a chair and put straight re D Japanese commander. Ivan Guzenkov came up to the window and reported that we were low, and the hero of the Soviet Union Semyon Agafonov, standing at the door, began to throw the anti-tank grenade in his hand. The Japanese, however, did not know what we were smelled in it. Colonel, forgetting about the scarf, began to wipe the sweat from his forehead with his hand and after some time I signed an act of the surrender of the entire garrison. "
So described the sea intelligence officer Viktor Leonov, twice the hero of the Soviet Union, just one fighting operation, in which a handful of daring and brave marine intelligence officers of the Pacific Fleet literally without a combat forced a large Japanese garrison to fold the weapon. Shamefully capitulated three and a half thousand Japanese samurai.

It was the apotheosis of the combat power of the 140th maritime intelligence detachment, the forerunner of the modern sea special forces, which today everyone knows under the incomprehensible and mysterious name "Holowi".
Sources
And it all started during the Great Patriotic War. Then the 181st reconnaissance detachment was successfully operating on the Northern Fleet, performing various special operations in the rear of enemy troops. The crown of the activities of this detachment was the seizure of two coastal batteries at Cape Crusad (who closed the entrance to the bay and could easily defeat the landing convoy) in the preparation of landing of the landing in the Lindahamari port (Murmansk region - ed.). This, in turn, ensured the success of the Petsamo-Kirkenes landing operation, which became the key to succeed in the liberation of the entire Soviet Polar region. It is difficult to even imagine that a detachment of a few dozen people, capturing only a few guns of German coastal batteries, actually provided victory in the entire strategic operation, but, nevertheless, it is so - for that reconnaissance detachment and was created in order to stive the enemy in small forces The most vulnerable place ...
The commander of the 181st reconnaissance detachment Senior Lieutenant Victor Leonov and two more of his subordinates (Semen Agafonov and Andrei Wenty) for this short, but an important battle was the heroes of the Soviet Union.

In April 1945, part of the personnel of the 181st squad led by the commander was transferred to the Pacific Fleet for the formation of the 140th intelligence detachment of Tof, which was supposed to be used in the upcoming war with Japan. Mai detachment was formed on the Russian island in the amount of 139 people and began combat training. In August 1945, the 140th intestine participated in the seizure of Yuki and Rasin ports, as well as Seysen naval bases and Genzan. According to the results of these operations, the main sentence of Makar Babikov and Michman, Alexander Nikandrov, the 140th reconnaissance detachment of Tof became the heroes of the Soviet Union, and their commander Victor Leonov received the second star of the hero.
Nevertheless, at the end of the war, all similar intelligence formations in the USSR Navy were disbanded by imaginary unnecessary.
But soon the story turned back ...

From the history of creating special parts:
In 1950, separate special purpose companies were formed in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in each army and the Military District. In the Primorsky Territory, in particular, three such companies were formed: 91th (V / part No. 51423) as part of the 5th combination army with dislocation in Ussuriysk, 92th (V / part No. 51447) as part of the 25th The host army with the dislocation at the station of the Kuznetsov and 88th station (V / part No. 51422) as part of the 37th Guards Airborne Corps with dislocation in Chernigov. Before the company's special purpose, the task of searching and destruction in the deep rear of the opponent of the most important military and civil facilities, including the means of nuclear attack of the enemy, was set. The personnel of these mouth was trained in jurisdiction of military exploration, a minno-explosive case, jumped with parachute. For service in such parts, people were selected, for the state of health, suitable for service in airborne troops.

Head of Intelligence Navy Counter-Admiral Leonid Konstantinovich Bacnev in his address to the naval minister wrote:
"Given the role of intelligence and sabotage units in the overall system of intelligence fleets, I consider it necessary to carry out the following activities: ... to create ... Intelligence and divergent divisions of military intelligence, giving them the name of individual marine intelligence divisions."

At the same time, the captain of the first rank Boris Maksimovich Margolin theoretically substantiated such a decision, arguing that "... the difficulties and duration of the preparation of intelligence officers - light divers causes the need for their preparation and systematic training, for which special units should be created ...".

And so, the Directive of the Chief Naval Staff dated June 24, 1953, such formations of special intelligence are formed on all fleets. In total, five "special purpose reconnaissance points" were formed - on all fleets and the Caspian flotilla.
On the Pacific Fleet, its reconnaissance clause is created on the basis of the GSF directive of the NMS No. wM / 1/53060s dated March 18, 1955.
However, the "Day of Parts" is considered to be June 5, 1955 - the day when the part has finished its formation and entered the fleet as a combat unit.

Bay Holowa.
The word "Holowai" (and the tape and its variations "Haluai" and "Halulium") on one of the versions means "Liberate Place", and although the disputes on this score still continue and the Chinese translations are not confirmed, the version is considered quite plausible - Especially among those who have served in this bay.

In the thirties, the Russian island (at that time, by the way, his second name was widely practiced - the island of Kazakevich, which disappeared from geographical maps only in the forties of the twentieth century) was the construction of objects of the infrastruent defense of Vladivostok. Defense objects included shore long-term firepoints - dots. Some particularly fortified dots had even their own names, for example, "stream", "rock", "wave", "bonfire" and others. All this defensive magnificence was served by individual machine-gun battalions, each of which occupied his defense sector. In particular, the 69th separate machine-gun battalion of the Vladivostok sector of the Coastal Defense of the Pacific Fleet, located in the area of \u200b\u200bCape Red in Holowai Bay (New Djigit), served firepoints located on the Russian island. For this battalion in 1935, a two-story barracks and headquarters, dining room, boiler room, warehouses and a stadium were built. Here the battalion was stationed to the forties, after which it was disbanded. The barracks have not been used for a long time and began to collapse.

And in March 1955, a new military unit is settled here with very specific tasks, the secrecy of the existence of which was brought to the highest limit.

Birth of legend
The formation of the 42nd Maritime Intelligence Point of Special Forces of the Pacific Fleet began in March, and ended in June 1955. During the formation of the responsibility of the commander temporarily performed the captain of the second rank Nikolai Braginsky, but the first approved commander became the new part ... No, not a scout, and the former commander of the destroyer captain of the second rank Peter Kovalenko.
For several months, the part was based on Ulyvse, and the personnel lived on board the old ship, and before decaying a permanent deployment point on the island of Russian, exploration sailors at the training base of submarines were an accelerated course of diving training.
On July 1, 1955, a single battle preparation of future divers exponentials on the special purpose of special-purpose parts training program began. A little later began combat skim groups.

In September 1955, the newly formed sea special forces took part in his first teachings - landing on boats in the Shkotovsky district, maritime intelligence officers made an exploration of the Naval Base "ABREP" and the elements of its anti-informational defense, as well as roads in the rear of the conditional "opponent".
Already at that time, the command of the part came to understand that the selection in the sea special forces should be as tough as possible if not to be cruel.
But those who kept held, immediately enrolled in the elite part and proceeded to combat training. This test week began to be called "hellish". Later, when the United States has created its divisions of the "Marine Costs" (Seal), they adopted our practice of selection of future fighters as the most optimal, allowing one or another candidate in a short time, whether he was able to serve in parts of the sea special forces.
The meaning of this "personnel" hardness was reduced to the fact that the commanders initially had to clearly represent the abilities and the possibility of their fighters - after all, special forces acts in the separation from their troops, and the group can only count on themselves, and, accordingly, the meaning of any members of the team Raises repeatedly. The commander initially must be confident in his subordinates, and subordinates - in his commander. And only therefore "entrance to the service" into this part is so strict. Otherwise, there should be no.
Looking forward to say that today nothing is lost: the candidate, as before, has to go through serious tests, inaccessible most of them even physically well-friendly people.

As a former officer of special forces told me, showing a desire to serve in this part before the head of the fleet intelligence, he immediately accounted for himself right in the Admiral office to sneak from the floor 100 times - counter-admiral Yuri Maksimenko (Head of PTF intelligence in 1982-1991), despite The officer was held Afghanistan, and was awarded two fighting orders. Thus, the head of intelligence Tof decided to cut off the candidate if he does not fulfill such an elementary exercise. The officer did the exercise.

Teachings and service
In 1956, marine scouts began to master parachute jumps. Usually the fees took place at the airfields of marine aviation - by subordination. For the first charges, the entire personnel was fulfilled two jumps from the height of 900 meters from the Li-2 and An-2 aircraft, and also learned to ate "assault" from Mi-4 helicopters - both on earth and water.
Another year later, marine scouts have already mastered the landing ashore through the torpedo apparatus of submarines lying on the ground, as well as returning to them, after performing the task on the coastal objects of the conventional opponent. According to the results of combat training in 1958, the 42nd marine intersection was the best special part of the Pacific Fleet and was awarded the passing pennant of the commander of the Tof.
In many exercises, intelligence officers have developed the necessary skills, they acquired special knowledge and expressed their wishes on the composition of equipping. In particular, in the late fifties, marine scouts formulated the requirements for armediation - it should be light and silent (as a result, samples of special weapons appeared - small silent silent pistols of SMEs, silent grenades "silence", SINP-1 pistols and submarine guns APS, as well as many other special weapons). Also, the scouts wanted to have waterproof upper clothes and shoes, and the eyes needed to protect with special protective glasses from mechanical damage (for example, today the equipment includes four varieties of protective glasses).

For reference:
"Triton" is the first carrier of open-type divers. Immersion depth - up to 12 meters. Stroke speed - 4 nodes (7.5 km / h). The distance is 30 miles (55 km).
"Triton-1M" is the first carrier of closed divers. Weight - 3 tons. Immersion depth - 32 meters. Stroke speed - 4 nodes. The distance is 60 miles (110 km).
"Triton-2" is the first group carrier of closed divers. Weight - 15 tons. Immersion depth - 40 meters. String speed - 5 knots. The distance is 60 miles.
Currently, these samples of technology are already outdated and derived from combat composition. All three samples are installed as monuments in the territory of the part, and the written off the Triton-2 apparatus is also presented at the street exposition of the Museum of the Martial Glory of the Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok.
Currently, such underwater carriers do not apply for a number of reasons, the main of which is the impossibility of secretly use. Today, more modern underwater carriers of "siren" and "protea" of various modifications consist in armament of the Sea Special Forces. Both of these carriers make it possible to produce a secret plant of the intelligence group through the submarine torpedo apparatus. "Siren" "pulls on himself" two saboteurs, and "protea" is an individual carrier.

Cheering and Sport
Part of the legends about the "Holowai" is connected with the steady desire of the servicemen of this part to improve their intelligence and sabotage skills at the expense of its own associates. At all times, the "Holwisians" delivered many problems to persons for the daily outfit, serving on ships and in the coastal parts of the Pacific Fleet. There were often cases of "educational and training" abductions of day-beal, duty documentation, car angles at the nasal military drivers. It cannot be said that the command of the part specifically put such tasks such tasks ... But for the successful actions of this kind of seafarers, even the short-term vacation could receive.
No, of course, with one knife, no one is emitted anywhere, but when conducting tactical and special teachings of a group of intelligence officers can be abandoned to other regions of the country, where various training intelligence and sabotage tasks are put in front of them, after the execution of which you need to return to the part - preferably unnoticed . At this time, the police, internal troops and state security agencies are being searched for them, and citizens are declared that they are looking for conditional terrorists.
In the same part, at all times, sport was cultivated - and therefore it is not to be surprised that at present almost all the fleet competitions on power sports, martial arts, swimming and shooting prizes are usually occupied by representatives of "Kholovaya". It should be noted that the preference in sports is given not to strength, but endurance - it is this physical skill that allows seabed to confidently feel both in hiking or ski transitions and swimming for distances.
The unpretentiousness and ability to live without excesses, gave rise to "Holowa" even a kind of saying:
"There is no need for something, and something you can limit yourself."

Return legend
In 1965, twenty years after the end of World War II, twice the Hero of the Soviet Union Captain First Rang Victor Leonov arrived at part. Several photographs have been preserved, on which the "Legend of the Sea Special Forces" is captured with the servicemen of the part, both with officers and with sailors. Subsequently, Viktor Leonov will visit the 42nd intelligence point several times, which he himself considered the worthy brainchild of his 140th intelligence detachment.

In 2015, Viktor Leonov returned to Forever. On the day of the 60th anniversary of the education of the intelligence point, on the territory of the military unit in a solemn atmosphere, a monument to the real legend of the sea special forces was opened, twice the hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Nikolayevich Leonov.

Holowa in our time
Today, the "Holowa" is already in a new appearance, with a somewhat modified structure and a number, after a series of organizing events continues to live their lives - in its special, "Spetsnazovsky" echo. Many things of this part will never be declassified, and some will be written books. The names of the people who serve here today are closed to the public, and that's right.

Marine scouts and today are holy than their combat traditions, and the battle preparation does not stop for a second. Daily "Holoaevtsy" are engaged in the most different classes: they train dives (both the real in the sea and in the barocamera), achieving the proper level of physical travelery, work out the receptions of hand-to-hand combat and methods of secretive movement, learn to shoot from a variety of species small arms, Learn a new technique, which is in abundance today in the troops (in service there are even combat robots) - in general, they are preparing for any minute by order of the motherland to fulfill any task.
For the article thanks.

- These are the units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which have special training, and intended for conducting intelligence and sabotage actions in the seaside areas in the interests of the Navy and GRS GS.

Sea Special Forces divisions are available in the fleets of many strong countries in Russia: USA, Great Britain, Israel, China, Turkey. It is not an exception to Russia, who enjoyed the most part of the USSR's naval power. Currently, the Navy special forces divisions are among the most combat and prepared in their tasks in the Armed Forces of Russia.

Fighters of special forces Navy are often called combat swimmers, but the correct name of their military specialty is the "diver-scout." Being, as well as special forces, primarily highly professional power reconnaissance, russian sea special forces It is very different from the army special forces. And the one and the other are subordinate to the GSH GS, their personal passing is strict selection and tough preparations for the actions of the rear of the enemy. But the structure, combat missions and the directions of combat training at the divisions of land and sea special forces are different. There are nuances and in demands in the selection of personnel.

In open sources there are very little information on the special forces of the Navy. For obvious reasons, the activities of the Sea Special Forces in the USSR and Russia have always been a secret. Nevertheless, something can be found in open access. It happens that the special forces veterans themselves are informed. For example, in the journal "Kommersant-power" No. 14 for 2002 published an interesting interview with counter-admiral Gennady Zakharov, which in 1967-1990. He served in the Sea Special Forces of the USSR. In 1967, Zakharov was appointed commander of the MRU in the Black Sea Fleet. The information given to them in an interview deserves trust, as it received, which is important, "of the first" hands, and, inquiring with data from other sources.

Speaking of "combat swimmers" and "sea special forces", you should immediately decide on the terms. After all, combat swimmers solve specific tasks not only in the composition of intelligence and sabotage units. Actually, special forces of Navy is the reconnaissance and sabotage units that are in operational submission of GRU. Sometimes the name "Dolphin detachment" is found in the literature, however, according to the combat swimmers themselves on specialized forums on the Internet, this is nothing more than fiction of journalists.

With the special forces of the Navy cannot be confused by the OSNB PDS (the detachments of the special purpose of the fight against underwater sabotage forces and means; previously called PDS). These detachments also include combat swimmers trained in underwater combat and mining / demining, but the tasks of the OSNB PDSs are directly opposite to the special forces of Navy - protection of ships and objects of their fleet from enemy underwater special forces. The term "combat swimmers" can be correctly used in relation to the personnel of the OSNB PDS.

Brief history of special forces Navy

Sea intelligence and sabotage parts began to be created before the Second World War Many major powers: Great Britain, Italy, a little later - Germany. The USSR was no exception. The first experiments on the creation of underwater intelligence units It was carried out on the Pacific Fleet in 1938. Then the group of intelligence officers in light-grade equipment was released from a submarine torpedo apparatus at a depth of 15-20 m in order to cut the anti-submarine network to overcome the SC-RAB operation. The group was then to be treated ashore and spend a sabotage against the coastal object using real weapons and explosives. Similar teachings were carried out before the Great Patriotic War And on the Black Sea Fleet. Reports on these teachings are preserved, and served as the basis for the recreation of the USSR Special Forces in 1953

However, by the beginning of the war, the USSR Navy still did not have specialized intelligence and divergent submarines. They had to be created in a hurry, since the heavy situation demanded from the fleet exploration to expand active actions on the coasts and the territories captured by the opponent. On August 11, 1941, the first Soviet division of combat swimmers was formed in Leningrad - a special purpose company (Ron). In July of the same year, carecruts begin to form at the fleets. However, these divisions have more actually acted on the shore, landing from the sea or air. They watched the movements of enemy convivies, conducted diversions against coastal objects.

But Ron fighters specialized in the use of diving equipment and were leaders in this direction. They themselves made a lot of necessary equipment: hydrocombuses, breathing apparatus, sealed armament containers.

In their account of the sea special forces of Ron, many outstanding operations. They took part in the Shlisselburg Desante, conducted the "Road Roads" on Ladoga Lake, the search and neout-offering of bottom mines on our fairway. During one of the raids, Ron V. Borisov, Ron V. Borisov, found the deployment of the German missiles of FAu-2, which the Germans were preparing to fire Leningrad. The coordinates of the firing position were transferred to the command, after which they were destroyed by the fire artillery of the Baltic Fleet.

During the Burlaci operation, Pier with military equipment and enemy sappers in Peterhof was hidden by Ron fighters. After undermining Min, the group led by A. Corolkov successfully returned to the base.

Another well-known operation of Ron was the sabotage against the colleagues - Italian combat swimmers, held on the night from 4 to 5 October 1943. Locked on the coast of the Strelninsky dam, the diversant's intelligence officers destroyed ready-controlled Radio-controlled boats of Italians and a terrestrial post of communication and observation. Unfortunately, one of the subgroups headed by senior lieutenant Permitin died in this operation.

In August 1944, divers reconnaissance conducted another complex operation - on the rise flooded in the Vyborg Gulf of the German submarine U-250. This submarine was interested in the Soviet command, as the surviving and captured commander of the boat V. Schmidt gave contradictory testimony, and German aviation bombed several times the area of \u200b\u200bflooding submarine, trying to destroy it. The difficulty was that the work had to be carried out at the limiting depth, and the design of the boat itself, according to some data, provided for its undermining in the event of an attempt to lift. Nevertheless, Soviet scablasts coped with this task. After lifting the boat in her torpedo, the latest German torpedoes T-5 were discovered, previously unknown by military specialists of the USSR and allies. Their combat characteristics significantly exceeded the torpedoes of the time, and at the time of the detection of the T-5 they had already destroyed 24 English ships and several Soviet.

Despite the successful actions of the Soviet Special Forces, Ron was disbanded at the end of 1945.

The recreation of Special Forces Navy began in 1952, when it became clear that the fleets of the probable enemy were in their composition similar units and actively develop them. The initiator of the formation of marine intelligence and diversion units was the counter-admiral V.K. Becken. On May 29, 1952, the issue of creating special purposes was considered by naval minister Vice-Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov and approved in the "Plan of Events to Strengthen the Intelligence Navy" presented by the counter-admiral Becnev on January 24, 1953. At a meeting with the heads of the Offices of GRSHS, the Minister confirmed the decision to create separate marine intelligence divisions on the fleets, primarily in the Black Sea and Baltic Fleets.

In September 1953, the 6th Sea Intelligence Point - MRP was placed in the Bay of Bay, the 6th Sevastopol (in 1968 it was reorganized in the 17th Arms Department with Dislocation on O. Berezan, Ochakov). From this moment began the formation of Navy special forces in its modern form. In 1954, the 457th MRU was created on the Baltic Fleet (pos. Sailing, Kaliningrad region), and in 1955 - 42th MRP on the Pacific Fleet (initially the Bay of Small Ulysses, the final location of the dislocation - Fr. Russian, Vladivostok ). The techniques for the preparation of divers reconnaissance are beginning to be reconciled, new equipment is being developed for them.

Since 1953, a laboratory of six employees is allocated at the Navy Institute, which conducts development solely in the interests of the sea special forces. Until the end of the 1960s, a large number of respiratory devices and stationary respiratory systems were created by the laboratory. Since 1957, the active development of water tools (self-propelled underwater vehicles, hermetic containers, navigation and communication devices, devices and devices for the use of carriers of divers) began. As a result, the Soviet sea special forces received modern techniques.

The correctness of the reconnaissance of the sea special forces was confirmed in 1955, when during the visit of the Soviet squadron to Portsmouth, England, in the immediate vicinity of the Ordzhonikidze ship with N.S. Khrushchev on board was noticed by a combat swimmer. A team of ships screws was given, as a result of which the diver was broken into parts. They, allegedly, was the captain-lieutenant of the British Navy Lionell Baster on the nicknamed "Crabb", an experienced combat swimmer. At that time he was retired. According to one version, Crabb wanted to study the conservation of the "Ordzhonikidze" screws, on the other - even mining the ship. According to G. Zakharov, the Baster really did espionage in favor of England, but he did not die in Portsmouth, and was only noticed by the ship's watch. Later, Krabb was caught by the KGB, and spent several years in prison in East Germany.

Creating a sea special forces in the 50s. It was difficult. Not enough, first of all, material means. The experience was also largely lost. Nevertheless, in 1960, the MRP structure turns out to be mainly formed. In 1969, the 431st MPP of the Caspian flotilla from 50 divers-scouts will be deployed, in 1983 - 420th MRP on the Northern Fleet (Severomorsk). In 1967, an educational and training squad involved in the development and development of equipment for the sea special forces was formed on the Black Sea Fleet.

Throughout the time of its existence, special forces of the USSR Navy engaged in intense combat training. There were constantly testing of new mine-explosive devices and means of delivery of divers reconnaissance.

The special forces took part in the Mino-explosive work in the Suez Canal during the Arab-Israeli conflict of 1974-1975. participated in the development of regulatory documents on the actions and combat training of divers reconnaissance, the teachings on the penetration and academic mining of all sorts of objects in the territory of the Kaliningrad region, as well as in Liepaja, Tallinn, Baltiysk, ensured the security of the country's leadership during meetings and negotiations of the US heads and The USSR in Reykjavik in 1986 and Malta in 1989, conducted a huge number of other events.

Here, it is impossible not to mention the teachings of 1988 on the penetration and mining of the Leningrad NPP in Pine Bor. Then, despite the academic counteraction of the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the problem of penetration and conditional destruction of the facility was successfully implemented simultaneously using two groups dropped from the sea and land. Interestingly, during the exercises, one of the groups was accidentally discovered by the elderly mushroom. In wartime, the person who discovered a group would most likely be destroyed in place. But in the conditions of the exercises, the mushroom should be included in the group, which, however, led to the complete delight. He wore a part of the equipment of the special forces, prepared food, harvested the firewood, said the routes and performed other instructions to the successful intelligence officers of his mission. According to the conclusions and the analysis of this teaching, the LAES was fundamentally revised and strengthened.

Curious Facts of the Educational Biographies of the 17th Brigade of the Special Forces of the Black Sea Fleet until 1992. SPECOINADOVA CHF first in the USSR held a teaching and worked the task to exempted ship captured by terrorists (vessel on underwater wings) in 1988 with the transfer of the resulting experience to the alpha antiterror. Black Sea special forces began to conduct exercises and solve various tasks with the use of combat dolphins and other marine animals. One of the officers of the part afterwards even became the commander of the newly formed military unit - Dolphinarium in the Cossack Bay of Sevastopol.

With the collapse of the USSR, the 17th Brigade of Sea Special Forces deployed on about. Pervomaysky, suffered severe fate. During the confusion, which began after the collapse of the Union, the command of the Brigade, not interested in moving from the warm sea somewhere closer to the Arctic Ocean, decided to bring the personnel to the oath to the loyalty to Ukraine. Many officers who do not agree with this decision, transferred to Baltic, the Pacific Ocean, and some simply quit. Their place was taken by people, not so prepared in a professional plan, often even distant from the sea, and from special forces, but national conscious. After the brigade transfer to the Ukrainian armed forces, the level of its combat training began to disastrously fall. But it was not the worst thing. In the summer of 1995, during the exacerbation of Russian-Ukrainian relations related to section of the Black Sea Fleet, the brigade was ordered to allocate and arm 15 sabotage groupswho started the "demonstration of power" - the development of educational tasks near the ships of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. In the case of the withdrawal of Russian ships in the sea these tasks should have become combat. And the most well-trained group of 10 officers and Michmanov was prescribed in the event of the beginning of hostilities to seize the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. Thus, the sea special forces of Ukraine almost turned out to be drawn into a fratricidal war. Fortunately, martialctions did not start.

Currently, Ukraine, having a dwarf navy, still has units of sea special forces, including:

73rd Center of Marine Special Points of the Navy of Ukraine, Ochakov (the former 17th arr., Then, from the mid-90s - 7th arr), as part of four detachments: underwater mining, underwater demining, exploration and sabotage struggle, Special Communications .
801th separate detachment of fighting underwater sabotage forces and means, Sevastopol;
divisions of combat swimmers in the Moscow Interior Ministry of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine "Omega" and "Skat".

True, according to the testimony of the military of the Ukrainian Sea Special Forces themselves, the level of its preparation is low. It is possible that the 73rd center marine operations Waiting for further reorganization and reduction.

Missed the 431th separate seaside intelligence clause (OMRP SPN), which was stationed in Baku. He was taken to Russia. From 1992 to 1998, it was stationed near the city of Priozersk Leningrad region, and then translated into the city of Tuapse, Krasnodar Territory.

As for the MRU, stationed in Russia, then the collapse touched them to a much lesser extent than the 17th OPP SPN, and in general, special forces of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation retained high combat capability.

Tasks and structure of special forces of the Navy of Russia

The tasks of modern sea special forces include:

providing marine landing operations;
mining of the enemy ships, its naval databases and base points, hydraulic structures;
search and destruction of mobile operational-tactical means of a nuclear attack, searching and destruction of objects of operational management, other important goals in the coastal zone;
identify the focus of enemy's troops, other important goals in the coastal zone, the guidance and adjustment of the strikes of aviation and ship artillery for these purposes.

In peacetime, the tasks of the sea special forces include the struggle against terrorism and the exchange of experience with other special divisions and the power structures of Russia.

Currently, the special forces of the Navy of Russia includes four MPP - one at each fleet:

V / h 59190 - 42th OMERP SPN on the Pacific Fleet (about. Russian rn Vladivostok);
561th OMRP SPN on the Baltic Fleet (P. Sailing District, Baltiisk, Kaliningrad Region);
420th OMRP SPN on the northern fleet (Polyarny, district of Murmansk);
V / h 51212 - 137th (former 431th) OMRP SPN in the Black Sea Fleet (STUPSA).

MRP geographically part of the fleets, but are in operational submission of the GSH GS of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

According to the state of peacetime, MRP includes 124 people. Of these, 56 fighters, the rest are technical staff. The proportion of technical personnel in the divisions of the sea special forces is significantly higher than in the GRU special forces. Fighters are divided into groups of 14 people who are autonomous combat units. Those, in turn, include smaller groups of 6 people: 1 officer, 1 Michman and 4 sailors.

The MRT has three detachments, each with its specific action:

The first detachment specializes in the destruction of coastal objects. As a rule, the divers reconnaissance detachments get to the goal underwater, and then act as conventional GRU diversants.

The second detachment specializes in performing purely intelligence tasks.

The third detachment is engaged in underwater mining. This implies a secretive approach to the attack object under water. Specialized diving training is most important for the third group.

Larger than MRP, the division of the sea special forces is the SPN brigade. One team of Special Forces Navy was deployed in the USSR - 17th, its number was 412 people. Now in the Navy of Russia there are no deployed brigades of sea special forces, but it is believed that in the event of the beginning of the war, the 42nd OMERP SPN in the Pacific Fleet will be deployed to the brigade.

As for the OSN BPDS, they are based on major naval bases. We geographically submitted to the commander of the naval base, and the Operative - Head of the Anti-Nutritional Fight Department of the Fleet Combat Training.

The composition of the detachments is as follows:

160th OB PDSS (Vidiyeevo, SF): 60 people.
269th OB PDS (Hajievo, SF): 60 people.
313 OB PDSS (pos. Satellite, Kola Pn, SF): 60 people.
311th OB PDS (Petropavlovsk, Tof): 60 people.
313rd OB PDS (Baltiysk, BF): 60 people.
473rd OB PDSS (Kronstadt, BF): 60 people.
102th OB PDS (Sevastopol, Ukraine, ChF): 60 people.

OSNB PDSS includes platoon of diving miners, platoon combat swimmers and radio broadcasting teams. Fighters of the OSNB PDSS are armed with AK-74 machines, special samples of underwater and two-ground weapons (APS machines, ADS, SPP-1 guns), silent weapons (automatic "Shaft", APB pistols, PSS), opposing grenade launchers "DP-64", Means of mining and demining, technical means of detection and counteraction to saboteurs.

Armament and technology of sea special forces of Russia

Sea special forces is designed for action in three elements: on the sea, on the ground and in the air. Transportation of the intelligence and divergent group to the target can be carried out by any of these three ways, or by combining them: a ground option, landing with air (using parachutes from aircraft and assault helicopters) and by sea (from submarines, surface ships and Navy boats Russia). The personal composition of the Sea Special Forces is trained in landing in the most difficult, deadly conditions: for example, with a parachute with an ultra-low height directly into the sea, entering the shore in the dark in the storm.

For this, special forces Navy uses special equipment:

individual and group submarine carriers of divers ("Proton", "Siren-mind", etc.) with cargo containers (CT-2, MT, etc.);
parachutes of conventional types and diving (D-6, PO-9, SVP-1 with PV-3, etc.);
breathing apparatus of a closed loop and open type (IDA-71U, IDA-75P, AVM-5, etc.). In this case, the personal composition performing combat missions works with devices of only a closed cycle. Open-type devices are used only on the subject.

Despite the great successes of the USSR in the creation of equipment for the underwater special forces, it did not get rid of a number of shortcomings. According to G. Zakharov, Western combat swimmers for transportation to the goal use dry-type devices - "mini-submarines". The Soviet industry went on the way of developing the "wet" type apparatuses. With such a device, a combat swimmer can hold out in warm water for four hours, in cold - no more than one and a half. Soviet underwater mines, with high combat qualities, could not be shrinkled with the carrier, and they had to be transported, on the usual towing cable, which was broken, confused in screws, etc.

It is known that from 1975 to 1990s. In service with the Navy consisted of double underwater boats "Triton-1" and "Triton-2". They were produced 38 units. But at present, these devices are derived from the Fleet composition and are handed over to the layer.

Already after the collapse of the USSR, another domestic sample of the supermala submarine was presented - paragraph 865 "Piranha". However, only two submarines were built, and one of them almost acquired through the fake face a famous drug trap Pablo Escobar. In 1999, both submarines are cut on scrap metal. Therefore, now the sea special forces of Russia seems to be as underwater vehicle Continues to use the "wet" type apparatus.

In service with special forces of the National Security Committee of the Russian Federation, in addition to the standard samples of small arms of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, consist:

AKS-74M with GP-3 and NSPU-3;
Silent weapon (PB, APB, ACS with PBS);
Special underwater weapons (SPP-1 pistols, SPP-1M, automatic underwater special APS);
Scout Knife Shooting LPS-2;
A variety of engineering weapons (both a variety of army mines and specialized underwater SPM, UPM, etc.).

The fire power of the Sea Special Force groups can be enhanced by heavy weapons: CRKK, grenade launchers, ingursions and other weapons.

To communicate under water, underwater hydroacoustic sound binding hydroacoustic stations (MGB-6B) are used. In addition, special forces of the Navy is equipped with intelligence devices, navigation, etc.

Marine landing towards water: order and technique

Asiating for water is perhaps one of the most complex and dangerous elements of the preparation of sea special forces.

The special forces on board the aircraft are in full diving equipment. When jumping on a parachute, they are dressed in GK-5M2 hydrocombones. GK-5M-1 It does not have a castle of a volume helmet, instead there is an obturator from the VM-5 mask. Personal weapons are in rubber covers, equipment - in the containers of the ICD-5.

During the flight, the supply of parachutes with oxygen comes from the onboard system of the aircraft. When adjusting to the landing area, the group commander examines the personnel and orders to sign up for managing readiness. After that, paratroopers disconnect the hoses of onboard oxygen equipment and begin to breathe from their devices IDA-71P. On the team, the landing leaves the transport compartment, the latter jumps the commander of the group. The landing is performed on PV-3 parachutes specifically designed for landing divers. It differs from the usual landing parachute with an increased area, as the mass of the diver in complete equipment can reach 180 kg. After the disclosure of the main parachute, the ICD-5 container and the spare parachute are released and go down on fifteen-meter strands. When the container applies to water (this is immediately noticeable to slow down the rate of fall), the parachutist reveals the shtings of the locks that are released by the free ends of the main parachute.

After immersing, the diver disconnects the spare parachute and the mains of the main, pull the containers to themselves. Then follows a short ascent, the scuba stakes are connected by strands into the hitch, and start moving with a flip in the direction of the shore. Ahead of them is waiting for a landing, a disguise of diving equipment, rapid care to dry land from the line of the coast and conducting intelligence in the deep rear of the enemy. As for the main parachutes, they are wetted and will be pulled in 20-30 minutes, thus having ceased to demiss a group.

Selection in sea special forces, service specifics and combat training

In the USSR, the division of the sea special forces was commissioned. Then it was quite justified. Young people came to the army already quite physically prepared, many had discharges on parachute sports and diving with scuba. Given that the service life on the fleet was three years, during this time it was possible to prepare a fairly qualified diver-scout. Now the service life and in the Russian army, and the fleet is one year, the quality of the conscripts has fallen very much, so recruiting does not look like a good idea. Although, according to the leading documents of the Russian Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the acquisition of the intelligence military units of the SPN and the OSR can be carried out from citizens undergoing service both by conscription and under the contract.

G. Zakharov describes the selection of conscripts as follows. Officers of the sea special forces: MRP commander, commander of the troops, physiologist and physician instructor started working with the Fleet reception Commission. Selected visiting candidates. Naturally, good health was required. Particularly large tried not to take. Optimal was considered a candidate with an increase of about 1.75 m and weighing 75-80 kg. Such people withstand the largest relative loads. We studied the questionnaire and psychological qualities. Children's orphans and children from incomplete families were filled. Preference has been given to immigrants from large families: the service in the sea special forces is very dangerous even in peacetime.

Also, suitable candidates were selected in the "textbooks" of the marines. But it is necessary to understand that endurance, courage and excellent physical data do not yet guarantee a successful service in the sea special forces. Here, peculiar psychological stability is especially important. It happens that the bold and initiative on land is completely lost in the underwater medium.

Candidates were examined in several stages.

First: Marsh Throw "Thirty" - run 30 km with a weight of 30 kg.

Combat preparation in the 561th OMRP

Then the elementary test for the psychological stability "night in the cemetery". Fighters should spend the night on the graves. He did not pass three or four candidates from a hundred. Zakharov describes the case when three candidates ruined the grave and began to look for gold in it. What is interesting, they were left in the division. In the future, it turned out to be the most psychologically sustainable people.

Tube check. Hard test. Candidates must swim through the pipe, imitating a submarine torpedo apparatus. Its length is 10-12 m, width - 533 mm. First, the pipe is not completely filled with water. At the final stage, the fighter should be sailed in light-grade equipment through a pipe filled with water. For some, it becomes the moment of truth in terms of suitability to the service in the underwater special forces. Andrei Zagortsev in the story "SPN sailor" describes exactly the case that occurred with him when he, physically strong and resourceful young man, "on a citizen" diving with aqualung, fell into a panic, being in the pipe. The case ended with the loss of consciousness and stretching the candidate from the pipe with the help of an insuruction cable. What is typical, swimming in the "clean" water did not give him any inconvenience, but when swimming in a closed space it turned out that the protagonist is subject to claustrophobia. G. Zakharov talks about the fatal case with the "pipe" when the fighter, rearing himself, still dived into it, but an extensive heart attack earned from fear. All this is important for understanding what you have to deal with the fighters of the sea special forces.

Purge helmet. Go down under the water, open the helmet so that the water filled it, close the helmet and blow water through the grass valve. This is a typical situation. Some, as soon as the water reached the nose, the bullet popped up to the surface. If the candidate could not pass the test from the first time, he was not sifled, but the failure of several attempts meant that a person would not serve in the sea special forces.

Control swim. This is the most serious, and at the same time an indicative test. If the previous two tests of an inappropriate person somehow could somehow slip, then this objectively showed the possibilities of each. After passing the light-vocabulary training, candidates arranged a submarine swim on one mile. The base of the oxygen apparatus was pumped by air under pressure of 170 atmospheres. With a normal calm breath, oxygen managed to regenerate and the balloon on the finish showed pressure 165 atmospheres. If a person is psychologically donned, breathes his mouth, he "eats" all the air and comes to the finish comes with a pressure of 30 atmospheres.

The last test was called "weak link." Psychological compatibility is very important for sea special forces fighters. Fighters sit in the class, everyone is given a list of groups and a pencil. And the fighter should be written against each name to the figure: with whom he would like to go in a pair of intelligence first, with whom in the second, and with whom - and the last one. Anchines anonymous. After that, the points were summed up and those who gained the biggest points were filled.

Those who could not pass the tests were no longer sent back to their units. It was necessary to carry out someone to carry out Hozbot and in the sea special forces.

As we see, the quality necessary for service in the Navy special forces is somewhat different from the template image of the special forces. These are not necessarily supermen and hand-to-hand combat masters, but first of all, psychologically sustainable people, although the usual combat training in the sea special forces is at the height.

G. Zakharov gives an interesting example of the role of psychological sustainability in the work of the sea special forces:

"I had such a fighter of Valya Zhukov - the laugh, only the lazy in his part did not heal. And somehow submariners asked me three divers to participate in the testing of the subsoiler submarine. If they were not cut later on scrap, the Kursk crew would be saved. Tests in the ocean. I gave the three best guys. We started working fine, according to the program, and suddenly someone asks: "And how much is there under the keel?" And there are two and a half kilometer. As you heard, two at once all ached - do not go under the water, and that's all. Although no difference is at least 100 m, at least 5 km. And Zhukov's shaft, if anything. For three out all the tests, not Having crawled out of the water. He was also the best combat Sanitar, with wounds and fractures coped, as if all his life was a paramedic. But such top-resistant people are units. The rest needed to train the rest. "

The process of combat training in the Navy special forces is continuous. The training program is saturated and includes diving, airborne, navigation and topographic, mining special, marine, physical training, fire training (including the possession of the arms weapons of the probable enemy), the mine-disruptive business, hand-to-hand fight, the ability to survive in conditions various theaters of hostilities, knowledge of the armed forces of the likely enemy, radio and much more, without which it is not to do in the modern war. A significant time is given to the study of action under water: underwater penetration into the territory of the enemy and evacuation into water, orientation, observation in conditions of poor visibility, the persecution of the enemy and the separation of persecution, masking on the ground.

The skills obtained are practiced during practical training.

According to the city of Zakharov, mortality in the process of combat studies was not a rare phenomenon. If the MRP commander lost no more than two or three people per year, he was not punished, but just quietly jarli. Although this does not mean that the human lives in the special forces of the Navy treated the navy. On the contrary, instructions were developed in case of abnormal situations, the personnel to the smallest detail failed the procedure in such cases.

The first and second detachments were trained on various coastal objects, until all the actions were honed to shine. The third squad first of all studied to act in an aggressive water environment.

IN soviet time Underwater special forces were constantly attracted to verify the status of the protection of strategic objects, anti-informative protection of ships and ground fleet objects. As a rule, the "defending" side was reported to the maximum data on groups that will work (the composition, object and time of action), nevertheless, the special forces were regularly able to penetrate objects and fulfill learning tasks. Sometimes it was necessary to go to military trick - to "take" one of the comrades, and while the "caught saboteurs" solemnly led to the headquarters of the part, the main part of the group worked. One of the former soldiers of the Sea Special Forces recalls the Internet forum on how the group on the exercises entered the destroyer under the type of checking; Another time since the special forces drove into the Harbor on Uaz, the numbers of which and the driver knew well on the checkpoint; The author of the post itself was conformed by "Comrade, dressed in the form ... Captain Militia is straight into the Cabinet of the commander of the railway."

Even under conditions, when the time and place of attacks were known, and at the facility of the saboteurs in full combat readiness, several hundred people were waiting for a person, the SPN groups managed to perform the task. If the group worked without warning, the result was the more predictable.

Combat use of special forces Navy

Almost all combat operations of the Soviet and Russian seabed special forces are secret, in open access about them very little is known. Zakharov, for example, argues that he did not have to fight

During " Cold War"Special forces Navy performed tasks in the same place where other" military advisers "from the USSR: in Angola, Vietnam, Egypt, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Ethiopia and other countries, often at the request of their governments. In Angola and Nicaragua, swimmers guarded Soviet ships and advised local armed forces.

When the war began in Afghanistan, many officers of the special forces Navy were asked to send them "for combat experience", but the leadership did not react to these requests. Instead, officers who visited Afghanistan were directed to the Special Forces division of the Navy for the transfer of combat experience. And truth, what's the point to throw people to the meat grinder with diving training, send them into two-week raids in the mountains or desert, if there were ordinary Airborne units and SPN GRU?

After the collapse of the USSR everything has changed. During the grouping russian troops I had to collect "with the world on a thread", and apparently, this is explained by the fact that the sea special forces still hit the "land" war. In the first Chechen campaign, the personnel of the 431th OMRP acted as part of the 8th company of the 879th Odessa of the 336th Obrms Baltflut, formed from the Sailors of the Leningrad Naval Base. Commanded Rota Captain 1 rank V., by profession - submariner. The infantry officers of the Vyborg regiment of the anti-defense defense that had to go to war, refused to do it. The brigade of the Baltic Fleet Marine Infantry at that time was in a state of collapse. The staff of the 8th company was recruited from seafarers of ship specialties, distant from land combat. Under these conditions, due to the lack of full-time intelligence officers, the reconnaissance support of the 8th company was assigned to the 431st OMRP, the fighters of which were operated as part of the 1st (intelligence) platoon. By the way, the captain of the first rank V. does not directly mention that the special forces of the Navy acted as part of the 8th company, but other sources indicate that, and the logic of events. Under conditions, when the company was formed with great difficulty from sailors who did not have infantry training, to take prepared scouts more was just nowhere.

Intelligence commanded officer Special Forces Navy GV. Art. Lieutenant Sergey Anatolyevich Stobetsky. The company should have loss in Chechnya in January 1995, but because of organizational problems only on May 4 was transferred to Hancal. At that time, a truce was announced, during which the militants managed to regroup and "lick the wounds", and on May 24, the fighting resumed. The federal troops began the offensive on the mining part of Chechnya, where the troops of the militants were hidden. The 8th Rota began to move towards Shali-Agishty-Mahkets-kept. The 1st interval operated in the forefront, occupied key points, and the places of marine infantry with heavy equipment were tightened. In the mountains began serious clashes with band formations. Rota was forced to take positions and turn. On the night of May 29 May 30, the position of the 8th company was shepherd from the automatic mortar "Vasilek". Rota suffered large one-time losses: six dead, twenty wounded. Among the dead was the intelligence commander of the GW. Art. Lieutenant Stobetsky.

It often claims that Special Forces Navy took part in the battles in Chechnya not in the first, but in the second campaign. However, if the participation of the sea special forces in the first Chechen war is confirmed by the facts, and during the fighting officer died, then on participation in the second - nothing concrete. Rather, on the contrary, by this time the combat capability of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation increased compared with the deplorable state in which she was after the collapse of the Union, and no sense could not send the sea special forces into the mountains.

Also, the special forces of the Navy of Russia sometimes attribute to the undermining and flooding of the portion of Georgian ships in the port of Poti during the war in South Ossetia, but it is not. Georgian ships flooded the intelligence officers of the 45th Separate Guards Regiment of the Airborne Forces. This mission would suit the sea special forces. And the "land" special forces performed it although successfully, but not the most optimal way. Georgian ships should have been flooded in the open sea, but since the dvs scouts did not have qualifications for managing the courts, they were sinking them in purses.