In the 90s, Yugoslavia demonstrated to the whole world, which, with a somewhat integration of political circumstances, the disintelligence of the former Soviet Union: in the territory component parts Former Yugoslavia, protracted and bloody civil wars broke out during the decay of the vertical of state power, the acute problem of refugees and the forced intervention of the world community.
In various territories and lands (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Eastern Slavonia, the Union Republic of Yugoslavia, Macedonia, Albania, the adjacent water area of \u200b\u200bthe Adriatic and others.) Since 1992, a whole range of operations has been developed in which UN, OSCE, NATO, EU participated , ZES, as well as a number of countries as participants in coalitions for individual operations.
At the same time, a number of operations were the nature of forced action (marine and air blockade of part of the territory of the former Yugoslavia, separate components of the operation in Albania, the air surgery on the sir, etc.). Another part of the operations was the nature of the preventive deployment (Macedonia). There were operations and their individual components that correspond to the classical understanding of peacemaking (for example, post-Dayton organization of elections in Bosnia under international control, etc.). Not all of these operations were carried out by the UN itself (see chapter 1 on the role of the OSCE, NATO and the SES in individual operations), and some (air surgery for the power of pressure in the power of the FIR) and did not have the UN mandate at all. In general, a set of operations in the former Yugoslavia and Albania made many innovations and changes to the practice of UN peacekeeping.
The scale and strength of the Russian contingent who participated in operations in this region (varying from 900 soldiers in 1992 to the maximum number of 1500 people. In 1994 and somewhat exceeding 1000 people. Currently) are although significant, let's say In comparison with operations in Moldova and South Ossetia (in 2000, 460 and 462 Russian peacekeepers were stationed, respectively), but far from decisive. To compare, it is enough to mention that only the ground component of the SFOR operation forces was 33,400 servicemen different countries, not counting civilians.
However, in many ways, Russia's participation in operations in the former Yugoslavia was and remains unique.
First, it is an atypical situation in which the Russian military and not only Western military "observers", but also the fighting parts of NATO, the decades trained for the "big war", acted together in solving the tasks set by the UN.
Secondly, the degree of application military force In these operations, generally turned out to be extremely high, on average, much higher than in most other operations of previous decades, with the exception of the "storms in the desert". As a result, increased demands on military professionalism and the ability of the real combat interaction of the Russian military with military military, and not only those who were previously allies in the Warsaw Treaty.
Thirdly, in the conditions of ethnic and historical proximity or the relationship of individual countries with those or other hostilities, a special difficulty was preserving the unbiased equivalent relations of peacekeepers to the parties to conflicts. Although the unofficial "pro-Serbian" orientation of Russian peacekeepers only balated the informal "pro-Croatian", "Pro-Muslim" or "anti-Serbian" orientation of some Western coalition countries, in general, Russia does not play conflict in this complex the nationalist "card "And it takes a position regarding an unbiased intermediary.
Fourth, on cooperation between Russia with other countries and organizations in the conduct of operations in the former Yugoslavia imposed a significant imprint of the contradiction in Russia-NATO in connection with the expansion of NATO and the Action of NATO without the UN mandate in FRY in 1999. If we speak broad, peacekeeping cooperation In Yugoslavia, it was also under the influence of the intersection and collision of the interests of the great powers in the Balkans and in Europe as a whole.
Parts and compounds of Russian landing troops were first used in the UN peacekeeping mission in Yugoslavia already in 1992. At that time, there were no specially trained peacekeeping contingents in Russia (with the exception of a small group of military observers from previous operations of the UN, which had the experience of only non-banner actions "under the banners" of the UN). A special Russian motorized rifle battalion for landing in Yugoslavia was formed from the Airborne Compounds on the basis of the presidential decree on the direction of the Russian contingent in Yugoslavia to participate in the UN peacekeeping operations and the order of the commander of the combined Armed Forces of the CIS [I]. The contingent size was defined in 900 people armed with light small armament, and equipped with 150 cars and 15 armored personnel carriers. The battalion was formed and passed abbreviated training and instructing for 6 weeks.
As a simple contingent structure (headquarters, pile company, five motorized rifle mouth) and light weapons and lack of communication units, intelligence, strengthening indicated that Russia did not have an adequate experience of participating in power peacekeeping operations and was preparing for "classical" peacemaking, In which the weapon is used only for "demonstration of power". But the real setting civil War In Yugoslavia, forced during the operation of the Asphalt / Unprofor during operation, before the transition to SFOR / SFOR, change the rules of combat contact and strengthen the battle power of the contingent. The battalion requested and received another 54 modern BTR-80, 82-millimeter artillery implements from Russia, 82 mm artillery guns, mobile missile starting installations To combat tanks and portable aircraft complexes. "Differenceing" of the warring parties required actions according to the rules of serious war.
In 1994, the 554th separate motorized rifle battalion was reinforced by the 629th individual motorized rifle battalion, and the total number of Russian military in Yugoslavia reached 1,500 people. On 95 combat armored cars.
When on December 15, 1995, the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1031 for the former Yugoslavia, the Russian contingent received a new status, changed its structure (brigade) and scale. First of all, in connection with the adoption in the Russian Federation in the same year of the new law on the participation of Russian contingents in peacekeeping operations, the question of the participation of Russian peacekeepers in the UN operation was submitted to the discussion of the Russian Parliament.. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation confirmed the decision to participate in Russia in the operation, and in mid-February 1996. The President of the Russian Federation increased its decree a resolved number of contingent to 1600 people.
The Russian brigade received in Yugoslavia area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility in 1750 square kilometers, which included the separation line of the warring parties with a length of 275 kilometers. In the immediate neighborhood, the American Brigade, Turkish Brigade, as well as the United North Brigade, which consisted of peacekeeping contingents of Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Poland, carried away with Russian peacekeepers.
The tasks performed in Bosnia in Bosnia also included control on five block posts, patrolling numerous roads and territories, exploration, search and checking objects. Throughout participation in SFOR / IFOR operations in 1997-1999, in which NATO forces played a leading role in coordination with the UN, the Russian team was not involved in mass battles. Losses of 4 people killed and 11 injured occurred mainly as a result of undermining on mines.
The question of political significance was to build the chain of the command. According to "ideological" reasons, it was considered incorrect to agree to the direct submission of the Russian contingent command from the NATO structures, although it was the NATO command in accordance with the UN mandate carried out overall coordination of operations. In diplomatic channels, a military-political special condition was agreed upon: the commander of the Russian brigade, General L. Weshevtsov, received the status of a deputy commander of the entire operation in the former Yugoslavia and was subordinate directly to the commander-in-chief terrestrial NATO forces in Central Europe.
The Russian team team in the NATO Supreme Headquarters in Europe (Shape) solved the tasks of not only military, but also a political and diplomatic nature. Among them, in particular, the coordination of issues of fulfillment of dayton peace agreements with the Bosnian military-political leadership, as well as the organization and holding of meetings of joint reconciliation commissions, in which representatives of the Bosnian political forces and military leadership of the SFOR operation participated.
By March 1999, when NATO, the NATO military air survey, which began without a sanction, led to the freezing of Russia-NATO relations and the formal elimination of Russian peacekeepers from the operations under the command of NATO in Bosnia, the total total of cooperation between Russian peacekeepers and military coalition countries was In general, positive. The crisis was not caused by the internal factors for the development of the operation itself in Bosnia, but became the projection in the sphere of peacekeeping "macropolitical" intensity in Russia-NATO relations.
Political claims to NATO's actions in the sly can be summarized as follows:
- Alliance violated the UN Charter, starting the operation of a compulsory nature in the territory of the sovereign state, contrary to the will of the legally elected government of the country and without the mandate of the UN Security Council;
- Operation was produced out of the direct responsibility zone of NATOlimited, in accordance with the 1949 Washington Treaty, the territory of Member States;
- The operation was present exceeding the limits of the required use of forceSince not all political impact channels have been exhausted;
- Operation violates the prerogatives of regional organizations, since, first, the OSCE as a leading regional organization of collective security was pushed by NATO and the OSCE mandate was also absent, secondly, NATO never recognized himself (and did not recognize the UN) a regional security organization and, thirdly, operations with elements of forced action (bombardment and blockada) refer to the exclusive jurisdiction of the UN Security Council, and not regional organizations and agreements;
- The operation is disposed in terms of summing up under the category of "humanitarian motivated interference", since the fact of the Genocide of the Albanian population of Kosovo (which could be the basis for such intervention) was not recorded and confirmed by the UN or OSCE, and refugee flows from Kosovo after the start of intervention (bombing) noticeably exceeded refugee flows before surgery;
- Finally, NATO and Western powers created a dangerous precedent, openly ignoring the protests of Russia and the position of such powers such as China and India, which, among others, spoke in the UN against power intervention.
It is obvious that Russia reacted not only and not so much on the events in the most former Yugoslavia (although the opposition to the bombardment was consistent and supported by a public opinion within Russia), as for the displacement of Russia from the process of making fundamental decisions on the problems of pan-European security (to which, undoubtedly The decision on the bombing of the Yugoslav territory).
It should be realistic to realize that the Russian leadership was not removed from the use of military force in the Yugoslav conflict in general, and the recognition of the need for forced action, including in relation to the government of S. Miloshevich, in particular. The political problem was primarily in violation by the North Atlantic Alliance (and the leadership of a number of Western powers) and decision-making procedures for the use of force in the international community. As soon as 11 weeks after the start of bombing, the UN Security Council still managed to adopt a consistent resolution regarding international operation in Kosovo and Srey, Russian national political leadership persistently returned the Russian contingent to international forces Interventions (the famous raid of paratroopers under the leadership of General Zavarzina from Bosnia to Pristina Airport in Kosovo). Cooperation of Russia and NATO on the line of peacekeeping was immediately round. At the same time, although the bombing as a type of impact on the Government of S. Miloshevich was discontinued, other forced elements in the operation (for example, a strictly controlled embargo on the supply of weapons conflict to the parties) were preserved.
The allocation of responsibility to the Russian contingent in Kosovo in a predominantly Albanian sector has led to the difficult fulfillment of peacekeeping functions, partially blocking the elements of the contingent by the local population. Nevertheless, Russia returned to the countries actively involved in the peacekeeping process in the former Yugoslavia.
Some lessons of a complex of operations in the former Yugoslavia can be summarized as follows:
- There was a certain "specialization" of various international organizations in conducting operations in conflict regions. The UN does not cope in modern conditions With the organization of power operations to establish peace (forced to peace), if the conflict has the scale of the real civil war. To do this, you need a "worked" integrated military organization. Attraction of NATO is estimated in the UN circles as a whole as effective and, apparently, it will be practiced further if there is a consensus in the ranks of NATO itself. The CES could not effectively establish himself even in the "greenhouse" conditions for the elements of the operations "under the wing" of NATO. The OSCE qualified conducts measures to restore political infrastructure and carrying out free elections in conflict regions. The UN provides general political coordination of the interests of holding the conflict and interference in it, and this function (coordinating the interests of large powers about the conflict) is becoming increasingly important.
- Yugoslavia demonstrated as the stages of the development of interaction between the organizations of the international community (UN. OSCE) and great powers (the first such discontinuity occurred during the conclusion of Dayton agreements on Bosnia outside the UN and the OSCE, the second - in the period of unfolding NATO's actions in FRs, contrary to the position of a number of great powers) So the stages of their well-coordinated interaction. Experience shows that the international community is still the positive involvement of the UN, OSCE, other multilateral mechanisms into peacekeeping process cannot be replaced by the will and strength of individual powers. The international community continues to consider the norm to be the joint action of the "Great Powers" and "Great Organizations", and not their opposition of their efforts to each other.
- At the same time, as a relatively new formula of interaction is developing (and, apparently, it will be expanding in the future) the practice of transferring by combined nations of operations created aDhoc. Coalitions of powers. Russia it is advisable to develop the practice of participation in such coalitions, and apply it to the development of coalition participation in peacekeeping in the CIS.
Operations in the former Yugoslavia showed the need (and the possibility) of the close political interaction of broad groups of powers in real time unfolding conflict ( we are talking not only about the relatively successful maintenance of consensus in ambiguous conditions by NATO countries, but also on the practice of coordinating decisions in aDhoc. Coalitions of countries that have operated operations in Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo). This is an important example for Russia, which needs to use political consultation mechanisms and maintaining consensus among CSTO countries.
[i] Order of February 26, 1992. Strictly speaking, because of the well-known hopes for the preservation of a single military infrastructure of the CIS Contingent initially was not "Russian", he represented the entire former Soviet Union, all CIS countries, and only subsequently in Yugoslavia began to talk about Separate Russian and separate Ukrainian contingents.
After a year, the ceiling was lowered up to 1400 people, and the real number in the late 90s. Not exceeded 1340 people.
Is it possible to revive the country without the values \u200b\u200bof the fraternity and friendship of peoples?
In the Bashkir State Peduniversity, the Bashkir State Peduniversity published an article dedicated to the activities of the active participant international Movement "Pedagogues for peace and mutual understanding" Alphia Fatkullina
Ministry of ideals of patriotism and internationalism
At the end of last year, the Bashkir State Pedagogical University celebrated the 40th anniversary and literally on the same days a veteran of the University Fatkullina Alfia Fazylzhanovna, who turned 80 years old was honored.
80 years is such an age height with which the path passed is seen in the most significant events, affairs, people. All minor memory is erased. And it is very important at meetings with such people to penetrate the experience gained by them, try on yourself and today, to save and transfer to the future. And the experience of Alfia Phaseylzhanovna in patriotic and international education is truly invaluable. Almost half a century, she studied, summarized the experience of schools of Bashkiria and the entire Soviet Union, being the chairman of the Republican section of patriotic and international education under the Bashkir branch of the Pedagogical Society of the RSFSR, a member of the Scientific Council on the problems of patriotic and international education of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR, a member of the scientific and methodological section of patriotic and International Youth Education at the Central Committee of the VLKSM.
She was a participant of more than 50 conferences and seminars. It seems that such a vital need to serve people and the practice of patriotism and internationalism is due to a lot of time, formed the mind and heart of a girl, a girl and a specialist - a teacher, a scientist. When she was 14 years old, the Great Patriotic War began. She knows well what is "everything for the front, everything for victory." Her graduation evening was Oweyan with the joy and happiness of victory.
In 1945, she becomes a student of Chelyabinsk pedagogical Institute. I was in Chelyabinsk in 1968 and I know how urals are proud of their contribution to victory, especially their tanks and magnitis. I imagine what patriotic spirit reigned here in the 40-50s!
Pafos Victory and Paphos Restoration of the country gave rise to excellent poems and songs, feature films and performances. The patriotism, the feelings of the fraternity and friendship of peoples were heated by the air of the country, and the school, the teacher did not make much difficulty to participate in the upbringing of these holy feelings. Moreover, the school acted in the school and the Komsomol organization, the ideology of which was the formation of collectivism, patriotism and internationalism.
Scientists and teachers, party and Komsomol workers thought and implemented a system of patriotic and international education. The merit of Alfia Phaseylzhanovna is the development of a concept, methodology, methodology and system of patriotic and international education in a multinational school, taking into account the age characteristics of children. Educational and methodological manuals published by it, the books received a high assessment in the country, and performances on pedagogical seminars, work at the Faculty of advanced training of school leaders of the republic facilitated the practical application of its recommendations in the Schools of the Republic.
The clubs of international friendship (kid) and museums of combat and labor glory became a special pride of our heroine. Only in Ufa, 89 clubs and 43 museum were created. Experience of the Club of International Friendship of School No. 86, which led the teacher german language Lind E.I., was summarized and recommended educational institutions. Wonderfully worked KID at Serafimovskaya high School (Hands. Zhemalletdinov G.K.), who carried out close relationship with the Kidami Baltic States, especially Lithuania and Latvia.
It is not by chance that it was in Ufa, on the basis of the Pedagogical Institute in the spring of 1977, the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Questions of Patriotic and International Education in the Light Decisions of the XXV Congress of the CPSU" was held. More than 200 people took part in it: philosophers, sociologists, historians, teachers, subject teachers, heads of kindergartens, clubs and museums.
Changes that occurred in the 1990s, in the slogan of "deideologicalization" turned into serious costs in public and individual consciousness. The collapse of the USSR, the economic crisis hit primarily in such senses as pride in the country, friendship and fraternity of peoples.
The cult of national extraction, individualism has become one of the causes of aggression growth, intolerance in all social relations, from national to family and interpersonal. The ideas of patriotism and internationalism at best were committed by oblivion, at the worst - Anathema.
All this was the mental pain of Alfia Phaseylzhanovna, as it understands - patriotism, friendship and fraternity of peoples are a psychological foundation and present, and the future of Russia. Without these values, it is impossible to revive and raise the country not so much economically as spiritually. IN last years It began to understand the power, and part of the intelligentsia. Increasingly, there are words about the need to upbat the patriot and citizen. New Holidays - Day of Russia, Republic Day, Day of Consent, Flag Day Little-inlets acquire ideological and emotional saturation. But for the holidays to have the effect of civil education, a huge work of intelligentsia, especially creative and pedagogical, is required. School, the whole pedagogical community can through the state to become a social customer to create poems and songs, rituals and attributes, scenarios and compositions, television shows and films, textbooks and benefits to help with early childhood Pour a great sense of love for homeland. Unfortunately, power has not yet organized this work. Even government concerts dedicated to civil holidays often cause awkwardness by half-or-old maidens and pop content. And they involuntarily remember May 19 - the day of Pioneeria, October 29 - the day of the Komsomol. What were beautiful songs, poems, traditions, scenarios, movies. The best poets, writers, composers, directors, athletes were considered the honor of carrying out orders of the Central Committee of the VLKSM. It is a pity that modern youth organizations have not yet appeaseed - the organization and education of children and young people.
BGPI's best people were engaged at the time to raising young people. Since 1992, it has been a member of the Coordination Council of the International Movement of Teachers for Peace and Understanding. She took an active part in the work of international congresses (Norway - 1998, Austria - 1998, France - 2000, Germany - 2003, India - 2004). Now it is actively involved in the movement "for the culture of the world." On its initiative, the information and methodological center of the culture of the world was created at the BSPU. For a personal contribution to science in 2002. Alphia of Fazylzhanovna was elected in 2002 by a real member of the Academy of Pedagogical and Social Sciences.
Optimism, vitality, creative activity cause surprise and deep respect for this woman. And you believe that the case of her life will continue new generations of students, teachers, scientists.
V.V. Goneva
Veteran Pedaniversitta
Marat Egorov: Word about the world
In the newspaper "Journal of Peace" of December 25, 2008 published an article by the Chairman of the Belarusian Foundation of the World and Vice President International Association World Marat Egorov Foundations "Ladon A Wind will not stop!", in which the veteran is great Patriotic War sets out his thoughts about peacemaking and peacemakers
Palmon winds do not stop!
(printed in abbreviated form)
If humanity wants to survive, and not to burn in a flame of a new world war, he needs to be in himself the strength to cross through the accumulated insults, grief, the death of loved ones, fires and explosions. And everyone together go on a single road of the world.
This peacekeeping organization is in its essence - a kind of metronome. He is able to force the hearts of people in a single rhythm - the rhythm of calm creation and confidence in tomorrow.
In the history of mankind, more than 15,000 wars passed, which took over 3.5 billion lives. New weapons are capable of destroying all living on our planet.
In any case, the leading principle of fighters for the world should be humanism. It includes universal responsiveness, mercy, willingness to help in the mountain, need, protect against violence. Peacemaking involves the activity in the upset of the world on earth, as the most important condition further human progress, moral responsibility for the fate of the peoples, the preservation of life on earth.
The world can be achieved only when the ice of the alienation between the peoples is melted. This can be done only with friendship at all levels: from children to presidents.
For the happiness to live in the world and tranquility, a lot of blood and tears of previous generations of people are shedding. We live just because millions of earthlings gave their lives.
This is evidenced by monuments. They are not only tribute to the past, those whose time has expired. According to the monuments, their coming new people are universal and gifted. Obeliski and memorials can be demolished and forget. But time is the judge impartial. People are named by people, and all the other - people. It'll be this way forever!
Everyone must find their top and overcome it. At the height of the vertices, they judge what a person had opportunities and abilities. Everest is not allowed to everyone.
Veterans kinda - live monuments.
Their life is not all
I would have come on the shoulder.
Their courage tested war.
Their glory for themselves I do not want.
Their fee for it was double.
They will not be very soon among us.
Their century to extend powerless doctors.
Their wisdom is our support resistance.
Their memory is our Sister's conscience.
These words are not written by hand, but the heart of Frontovik - Volgogradz Yuri Mikhailovich Bednedin.
Is it now in universities specifically - a historical approach to the analysis of the past? It is impossible to ignore the real background on which this or that event happened. Modern standards for him, in my opinion, are unpaved, and their consequences are fraught with errors in the future. It is necessary without the shadow of irony and speculation to perceive the facts of the past.
Peacekeeping activity is not a one-time order, not an annoying mortgage, but a calling and high confidence of the people. He must be justified, they are proud of and go. It is not enough to "perform duties." It is important not to smooth, but burn - heating people with warmth of their hearts. Lighting their road into a quiet future as the legendary Danko.
Peacemaker. This is not a position and not a hobby. This is the meaning of man's life, his highest presenlation. The creation of the world indicates the absolute harmony of the living around us. That is why peacekeepers were informed in Sacred Scripture "The Sons of God." They always followed God's fishery, the most intimate chayans of the Most High. That is why our peacekeeping activities relate to Divine Peacemaking. That is why commemorating fighters for the world, reducing occasionally by our modest awards, we will pay tribute to their acts, their mobility work.
I was fortunate enough to take part in the international action "Peace in the Middle East", which were held by representatives of 120 countries. We walked through the streets of Palestine and Israeli cities, addressing a passionate appeal to people, centuries who were hostile among themselves, climb over their prejudices. We chant: Peace, Ines, Sholem, Salam Aleichem. And they felt that our calls reach the hearts not only ordinary people, but also to the rulers of these countries.
On the picture: Marat Egorov with the flag of the Republic of Belarus - a participant in the international action "Peace in the Middle East".
On this day, each of us was a sower of good and believed that our words were peculiar seeds that would necessarily and bring wonderful shoots of good not only to residents of this long-suffering territory, but also to all mankind. It seemed to us that the Palestinians and Israelis realized the need to preserve the most valuable, most importantly - the right to life ...
Marat Egorov
History 554 OPB of UN peacekeeping forces in veteran letters
In connection with the preparation for publishing on the Internet of the electronic version of the memory of the memory "in the world service. 1973-2008" Bulletin publishes correspondence with the veteran of the 554th battalion of Major inventory Andrei Goncharov
In the e-book of the memory of Russian peacekeepers there is a section dedicated to the contingents of the UN peacekeeping forces. It will publish the names of the participants of the UN peacekeeping operations held on the territory of the former Yugoslavia.
As you know, the list of the Russian contingent of the UN peacekeeping forces, published currently on the site of the Museum of Peacekeeping Operations in the section "", was compiled on the basis of the data provided by the Museum of peacekeeping operations of the FEDER personnel in the late 1990s.
For the years that have passed before the end of the UN operations in the former Yugoslavia, several hundred Russian servicemen began to participate in the peacekeeping process, who adequately fulfilling their peacekeeping debt in the Balkans, were awarded the UN Medal "in the service of the world."
In letters, Andrei Goncharov is not only new names of participants in peacekeeping operations, but also describes the history of 554 OSC - the first peacekeeping battalion of the Russian Armed Forces.
From: V.V. Gergel
Kom.: A.Goncharov
date: 04.01.2009 16:55
Subject: Memory Book
Wailed Andrei!
Good day!
Hergel Valery Vladimirovich writes to you - participant of the first UN peacekeeping operation (ONVUP 1973-1976).
In 1992, the first book of the memory of Soviet and Russian peacekeepers called "in the world service. 1973-1993" was published. It published a full list of 554 battalion, which was at one time granted to us commander of the Airborne Forces by General Podkolziol and the Frals Department of the Airborne Forces.
On the picture: Damascus (Syria), 1976. United Nations Observation Body Performance Conditions in Palestine (ONVU). Building of a mixed Israeli-Syrian Commission on a truce (ISMAC).
At the evening dedicated to the National Day of one of the UN military observers.
On the right left - the senior group of UN military observers in Syria Lieutenant Colonel Vasily Marenko, UN Major Major Anatoly Isaenko, a representative of the Armed Forces of Germany, the military attache of the Soviet embassy in Syria.
With other photographs can be found in publications.
The 56th Guards Individual Assault Brigade (Kamyshin) At the end of 1989, the brigade was reorganized into separate airborne (OSTBR). Brigade held "Hot Points": Afghanistan (12.1979-07.1988), Baku (09-19.01.1990 - 02.1990), Sumgait, Nakhichevan, Megry, Julf, Osh, Fergana, Uzgen (06/06/1990), Chechnya (12.94-10.96, Grozny, Pervomaisky, Argun and from 09.1999).
On January 15, 1990, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR after a detailed study of the situation decided "On the declaration of a state of emergency in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region and some other regions". In accordance with him, the Airborne Forces began operation carried out in two stages. At the first stage, from 12 to 19 January, parts of the 106th and 76th airborne divisions, the 56th and 38th airborne brigades and the 217th parachute regiment were landed at the airfields under Baku. . Article black January), and in Yerevan - 98th Guards Airborne Division. 39th A separate landing assault brigade entered ...
On December 9, 1994, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 2166 "On measures to curb the activities of armed formations in the territory of the Chechen Republic and in the Ossetian-Ingush conflict zone". It was envisaged for the actions of military groups under the cover of front-line and army aviation to be moved along three directions to Grozny and block it. An idea of \u200b\u200bthe operation envisaged the onset of assault detachments of parts from the North, Western and Eastern directions. Entering the city, troops in cooperation with special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and FGC were to capture the presidential palace, government buildings, television, radio, train Station, other important objects in the city center and block the central part of the Terrible.
The North Group included the 131st OMSBR, the 81st SMEs and the 276th SMEs. Consolidated detachment of the 131st OMSBR under the command of Colonel I. Savina numbered 1469 people of personnel, 42 BMP, 20 tanks and 16 artillery guns. The brigade was 1MSB on the southern ruts of the TERSKY ...
Based on the Defense Minister Directive Russian Federation No. 314/12/0198 dated March 17, 1995 and in my personal request to fulfill the tasks to restore the constitutional order and disarmament of illegal bandage on the territory of the Chechen Republic on the basis of the 167th motorized rifle brigade and the 723rd motorized rifle regiment was formed 205th separate Motor-stroke brigade (in / h 74814) with a location of the Distribution in the city of Grozny Chechen Republic. May 2, 1995 - the day of the brigade. The basis of the parts and divisions of the brigade was the battalions and companies: the 167th separate motorized rifle brigade of the Red-known Ural Military District (in / h 29709, Chebarkul Chelyabinsk region); Partially 131st separate motorized rifle Krasnodar red-known orders of Kutuzov and the Red Star of the Kuban Cossack Brigade (Maykop) of the Red Banner North Caucasus Military District; 723 GVARDEY Motor-Style Red Blank Order Suvorov Regiment (V / h 89539, N.P. Tchaikovsky) 16th Guard ...
On the successful implementation of the tasks of rear support in the conduct of peacekeeping operations are influenced by the following factors: conditions for conducting peacekeeping operations; The scale of the conflict of the opposing parties; Tasks of the UN Security Council, the joint command, the General Staff of the Sun; Building a line of distinction of the opposing parties; depth of the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone of responsibility; military-political situation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility; physico-geographical features of the area; Installed by the UN Mission, GSh Sun, the headquarters of the Sun, the order of rear support of peacekeeping forces.
The most large-scale Armed Forces of Russia during peacekeeping operations were used during the Yugoslav conflict. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation participated in the peacekeeping operation in Yugoslavia from April 1992 to February 1994, on the basis of UN Security Council resolution No. 743 dated February 26, 1992 and the Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation of 06.03.1992 No. 2462 initially as part of 554 separate infantry battalion ( "Rusbat-1") in the amount of 420 people.
The tasks of 554 of a separate infantry battalion prescribed by the UN mandate were: distinction of warring parties; observation of the compliance of the condition of the truce; observation of compliance with the conditions for the discharge of heavy weapons for a 30-kilometer zone from the contact line of the parties; support of columns with humanitarian goods; patrolling zones of responsibility; Help the civilian population (protection, medical care, evacuation) in the event of the beginning of the fighting. The main task was to prevent the resumption of hostilities and the separation of the forces of the Serbian Yugoslav People's Army and the Croatian-Muslim Confederation in the area settlements Osijek, Vukovar, Vinnets, Clee, Shadow, Orlye, where armed collisions of the parties were conducted due to territorial disputes. The team point of the battalion was located in the airfield of the Croatian city of Osijek, the rest combat units We were stationed 20-25 km from the command item along the line of the battalion responsibility zone.
The battalion was subordinate to the command of the UN sector headquarters and interacted with French, Norwegian, Danish, English and Ukrainian battalions.
554 A separate infantry battalion consisted of two infantry mouths (in each company three infantry platforms and a business department) and a staffing company, which included interval, anti-aircraft missile platform, branch of communication, repair platoon and economic platoon (Fig. 30.1).
Fig.30.1 Organizative Staff 554 oPB
The economic branch of the infantry company had two units of vehicles in its composition (AC-5.5-4320 - 1 unit; ATMZ-5-4320 - 1 unit.) And the sanitary car UAZ-452a. Leading the work of the rear of the infantry company - Deputy Commander of the Company on Material Relationship. Such a composition of the rear increased the autonomy of the infantry company in the rear attitude when performing peacekeeping problems in the areas of responsibility.
The composition of the rear of a separate infantry battalion included the following officials: Deputy Commander of the Battalion on the Rear (Officer); Head of fuel and lubricants (officer), head of the fuel warehouse (ensign); Head of the dwelling service (officer), Head of the Broadcast Warehouse (ensign); The head of the food service (officer), head of the food warehouse (ensign) and the head of the dining room (ensign). The economic platoon of the headquarters had functions similar to the suspension of material support of the motorized rifle battalion.
In early 1994, the situation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Sarajevo was aggravated, and in February there was an additional 629 separate infantry battalion (Rusbat-2) with the task of stabilizing the situation in this sector, to provide humanitarian assistance to refugees and ensure their safety. To perform this task, the battalion has been assigned a liability zone of 40 km 2 (the distance between 554 OPB and 629 oPB was about 200 km).
Providing flammable, oils and lubricants was produced through a combustible warehouse, departed by the French battalion in the area of \u200b\u200bSarajevo Airport. In the state of combustion service 629 oPB In addition to 8 units of tankers (2 units in each infantry company and 2 units in the headquarters), had: MNUG-20 motor pump, reservoirs P-4 and P-8 domestic production, as well as reservoirs of the R-5 French production, which was Equipped with a combustible battalion warehouse, a capacity of 65 m 3. In total, the battalion warehouse contained 2.0 refueling of automotive gasoline and 1.8 refueling of diesel fuel. A battalion refueling point was equipped, where the equipment was refilled flammable and storing and issuing oils and lubricants was organized. In order to organize a warehouse protection, the tanks were put up on the ground and are covered with sand bags. On the perimeter of the warehouse was embarrassed by an earthen brush.
The battalions were delivered fuel, oil and lubricants of Slovenian production of high quality, gasoline was supplied by the A-95 brand, diesel fuel of a high degree of purification from paraffins, transmission oils of seven varieties, a rifle oil - three varieties. The peculiarity of keeping and reporting on the combustible service was that the UN specialists from the headquarters of the sector demanded that daily flow data and the presence of fuel in the battalion as of 15.00. Based on these reports, they wrote off fuel from the battalion. Obtaining fuel was made after the report head of the combustible battalion showed the presence of free containers. By faxing to the battalion, an overhead came to receive fuel from the sector's warehouse, a fuel, oil and lubrication were obtained on this document.
To the features of the rear 554 and 629. oPB You can attribute the following: the supply of the battalion's personnel was carried out according to the UN standards, the same for all battalions; personnel, as an inventory, issued televisions, refrigerators, video equipment, audio equipment, microwave ovens, fans, heaters, washing machines; Signs of accessories for UN troops were issued: Blue Breeths, Scarves Painted Blue Color, Unit Signs, UN Flags; The form of clothing (uniforms) in the personnel of battalions was its own - domestic; The dispersion of the personnel was produced in the shower modules of battalions (French production); Washing underwear was produced in the units (there was a washing machine in each platoon), the washing of bed linen was produced in the laundry of the city; Food worked from a warehouse with the French in the area of \u200b\u200bSarajevo Airport, the range of products is very wide (fruits, juices, mineral water, cheeses, seasonings, etc.); Power supply was made in the officers and soldier's canteens (staff from the local population worked in the officer dining room); Dry solder battalion was provided by French production; Storage of perishable products was carried out in the refrigeration chambers of the container type; To improve nutrition on the territory of battalions on their own and means, smokehouses were built, for smoking chickens and fresh fish; Food at block posts was organized using small-sized kitchens, which caused the need to prepare additional abnormal chefs.
The attitude of the local population (Bosnians and Muslims) to the presence of Russian battalions in Bosnia and Herzegovina was extremely negative, which significantly complicated the work of the rear.
In 1995, Russia's leadership decided to derive battalions from Sarajevo, as provocations and further presence russian troops In this region it became dangerous. In the region, combat operations were resumed using heavy equipment, in August-September 1995, the UN coalition forces were made attempts to stabilize the situation, the bombings of NATO positions of the NATO position of the Yugoslav People's Army were held, but it was not achieved significant success. There was a problem of refugees, the Serbs fled from Bosnia and Herzegovina setd out along the border with Serbia, proclaiming the formation of the state not recognized in the world - the Republic of Serp.
In connection with the current situation, the Government of the Russian Federation, on the basis of the UN Security Council resolution No. 1031 dated 12/15/1995 and the Resolution of the Federation Council No. 772 of January 5, 1996, decided to increase its presence in the conflict zone. In accordance with the Directive of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, on the basis of two airborne divisions was formed to participate in the peacekeeping operation and subsequently introduced into the conflict zone, a separate airborne brigade (Fig. 30.2).
The task of the brigade was to prevent the resumption of hostile actions and ensuring the safety of the situation. The formation and direct preparation of the brigade was allocated for 20 days. The peculiarity of the preparation was the correct definition and the creation of the optimal organizational structure of the rear units with the appropriate technical equipment, which allows to increase the autonomy, adaptability and flexibility of the brigade tactical actions.
Fig. 30.2. Organizational and standard structure
airborne brigade
The features of the regular-official structure of the rear teams were: In addition to the head of the service, an officer-auditor, officer, nutrition officer, a veterinarian, food service technician (ensign), head of officer dining room, head of a soldier dining room, a cook-instructor, movable mechanized bakery (head of the bakery - officer, the technique of bakery - ensign); In addition to the head of the service, an auditor officer, a warehouse, a storekeeper, a motorist, was introduced into the staff of the fuel department. In the state of the dwelling, the head of the service, the head of the warehouse, the head of the discovered repair workshop, the head of the field bath, head of the field laundry; The apartment service was headed by the head of the service, the staff was partly equipped with military personnel rMO (electrician, plumber, car driver for garbage removal, cleaning and watering car), partially recruited on the season from the locals (Serbian refugees) on the posts of Kochegarov in the boiler house.
20 days before the departure of the brigade, in the first days of 1996, a reconnaissance group led by the commander of the Brigade was sent to the area of \u200b\u200bthe peacekeeping operation. The deputy commander of the brigade on the rear took part in the work of the reconnaissance group. The tasks of the group were: selection and preparation of unloading sites; the choice of basic areas of placement of the headquarters of the brigade, battalions, special forces and supply units; Determination of the location of block posts; Studying the situation in place and making a decision on further action in the conflict zone. Simultaneously with the arrival of the reconnaissance group at the Tuzla airfield from Ivanovo's cities, where the headquarters were formed and most of the divisions of combat, rear and technical support Brigades (Communication Rota, rMO, remotoma, medrohata, sr, vRR), Kostroma, where 1 was formed pDB, Commandant company, Military police platoon, sabatra; Passed training intelligence group special purpose 45 oRP Airborne, and from Pskov, where 2 were formed pDB and sabatra, Railway echelons in the direction of Yugoslavia went. At the end of January 1996, Echelons, having completed 3200-kilometer movement through Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia arrived at the Beline railway station.
Upon arrival of the echelons to the destination, the practice confirmed the complexity of organizing the unloading of material funds, the equipment of the rear, their delivery to the basic areas and accommodation. The lack of means of mechanization of loading and unloading work has affected.
In addition to peacekeeping problems for disarmaling the conflicting parties, and demining, the brigade monitored the state of combat and movement of military equipment, as well as residents and monitoring of the situation. The brigade solved the task of ensuring food delivery and other humanitarian goods, to assist in organizing and conducting elections, carried out control over the observance of human rights, assisted in the restoration of administrative systems and infrastructure, solved the tasks of their own rear support, engaged in cooperation with the command of 1MD US Army , with local suppliers and servicing organizations. The Russian military contingent was ready to assist the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and Other international organizations In the fulfillment of humanitarian aid.
The most complex tasks for the rear were: establishing links and conclusion of contracts for replacing and washing up the linen, supply of food, fuel, fuel from local suppliers; Baking Baking Baking; organization of supply of electricity and water; Evacuation of wounded and patients.
In Yugoslavia, it was fundamentally changed watering scheme. A mixed method was used, in which the provision was carried out, both by the forces and means of the combined command of peacekeeping forces, and by the forces and means of the center (MVO, the rear of the Airborne Forces). There was no suite of railway, river (maritime) transport. Part of the cargo (tents Unified and camp, uniforms and footwear, engineering property, oils and special fluids, rear technical means, repair kits for tape services) were transferred by air transport, aircraft of military transport aircraft (IL-76) from Moscow Region Military Aerodrome Chkalovsky and Ivanovo military airfield "North" at the airfield of the Bosnian city of Tuzla.
The deputy commander of the brigade on the rear sent to the headquarters of the Airborne Forces the application for the necessary material resources. During the month, the property specified in the application was opened at the bases of the Center and the County, prepared to be sent to sending a separate airborne regiment) and the aircraft was transferred to Yugoslavia. The decision to deliver the goods was taken by the Airborne Commander in coordination with the TTA command. The loads were delivered by the landing method by airplanes of the IL-76 in the VAK-5 containers. The organization of the reception of material resources was as follows: in the team by order of the commander, an officer was appointed responsible for receiving goods at the airfield of the city of Tuzla; A team has been highlighted in advance for work on the unloading of material resources, the technique and combat security of the automotive columns were highlighted; With the departure of the aircraft from Moscow, the car column appointed for the reception of goods was sent at the airfield of Tuzla, located at a distance of 80 km from the Basic District of the Brigade; With the arrival of the aircraft there was a reception of delivered material funds on the ACTE F.4 and delivery to the brigade; After taking the material tools, the informed of the F.200 on the goods received was sent to the airborne rear headquarters. In the future, the first instance of the act of reception F.4 went to the headquarters of the airborne rear.
Economic calculations have shown that the delivery of one 5 ton container into the territory of Yugoslavia costs 50 thousand US dollars, therefore, a decision was made part of the material means to harm in place. Practically, for all rear services, agreements were concluded for the purchase of material resources and the implementation of certain types of services. The peculiarity of the financial support of the peacekeeping operation was that for all the material means and all types of services obtained in place under contracts needed to pay the currency not through the bank, but in cash at once as the service provisions. The head of the rear service, as part of the commission, took the material tools from local suppliers (fuel, food, laundry laundry), according to the application for the issuance of an advance received money at the box office of the Brigade (from 2 to 5 thousand US dollars) and issued an account-overhead, paid with suppliers. Then issued an advance report with the application of documents for the receipt of material tools and the amount obtained earlier at the box office after the report is approved by the brigade commander, he was written off from the account.
Removal of material means Included a number of consistently conducted events: obtaining material resources from local suppliers; obtaining goods delivered military transport aviation aircraft; preparation of material resources for transmission to battalions; Loading and delivery of material resources to basic areas of battalions, transmitting them to recipients in basic areas of battalions or directly to the head and block posts (Miligshas, \u200b\u200bSpasoevichi, Chelich, Bar, Vukasava) with the subsequent design of transmission through the battalion. The priority of the court was planned by the deputy commander of the brigade on the rear when agreeing with the headquarters of the Brigade headquarters and depended on the importance of the task of the task or on the direction of focusing the main efforts, the location of the basic battalion district.
So, kp 1 pDB located 30 km from the KP Brigade, and KP 2 pDB 70 km, in addition, the base area of \u200b\u200b2 battalions, outposts, block posts were completely on the territory of the aggressive population (Bosnians), therefore, first of all, the delivery was carried out 2 pDB. For this purpose, a transport was usually used rMO Brigades, in exceptional cases of empty transport wMO battalions. The frequency of the prodigation, the nomenclature of material means depended on the intensity of their consumption in various settings. The removal of fuel and food was carried out once a week, bread - once every two days, replacement of linen -2 times a week.
Basic vehicles The courthouse in the brigade was the Ural-4320 type vehicles, which were used in the mining and wooded area of \u200b\u200bthe conflict zone. KAMAZ-5310 cars were used on the flat part. In the winter period, wheel tractors of the TK-6M type turned to the passage of mountain passes. Particularly intense, the work of transportation was becoming a complication of the situation. The consumption of material resources increased, and the departure of the rear columns into areas of responsibility was reduced to a minimum in order to prevent provocations and attacks on our servicemen. In such cases, reliable combat operation was created, 2-3 units of BTR-80, R-142 N, and also, in the most difficult situations, were involved in the most complex situations, the helicopters "Black Hawk" from the squadron of 1 MD of the US Army were attracted Our columns are in areas of material transfer areas.
Feature of the organization of the rear When conducting a peacekeeping operation in Yugoslavia, it was the fact that in parts and units, command items and the rules management points were posted, as a rule, together. This made it possible to use the controls of the CP control in the interests of the rear, and increase the reliability of the rear control system, since the standard rear communication tools ensured only the minimum required control level.
Features in organizing the work of the rear service Brigades when performing tasks of peacekeeping operations became the following.
1. Food service. Contracts for food supply (bread, meat, vegetables, fruits, mineral water, cookies, dairy products, etc.) were concluded from local suppliers; cooking was carried out in the basic area of \u200b\u200bthe brigade in the kitchens of Pak-200 and subsequently on stationary equipment indoor; In the basic areas of battalions and mouth food, food was preparing in KP-125 kitchens, KP-130, for complications and block posts - in KP-20 kitchens, MK-30, KO-75, in connection with which the need for spare parts on the above equipment increased in view of intensive exploitation, and there was also the need to prepare abnormal hand chefs from the calculation of 2 cooks on a platoon; Ensuring food was carried out according to the order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of 1994 No. 395 for a special rate with the issuance of additional nutrition (per day: mineral water - 1.5 l, cookies - 50 g, milk - 100 ml, meat -100 g, cheese - 30 g , fruit - 100 g). When accepting products from local suppliers, special attention was paid to checking the quality of meat - the task was carried out by the brigade veterinarian; Storage of perishable products was carried out on a brigade food warehouse in the Alka refrigerator trailer, the storage of perishable products on battalion food warehouses was organized in adapted premises using type SHX-0.5 refrigeration equipment, storage of perishable products in block posts and storage was carried out in Specially adapted rooms and devices.
2. By the domestic service. Washing underwear at first was produced in a brigade laundry station equipped with MPP-2.0. However, in the future, due to difficulties in the maintenance and repair of technical means, as well as as a result of the assessment of the economic feasibility of fulfilling the task, an agreement was concluded with the local laundry enterprise of the suburbs of Bilein. Personal composition, when replacing, arrived in a brigade fully provided with non-broadcasted property, in the brigade of property issuance according to the plans of collateral was not made, with the exception of issuing subjects that were unusable. The womb was made in the basic area of \u200b\u200bthe brigade in a room adapted to wash the personnel, using DDA-66 and DDP-2 shower plants, according to six days a week. In the basic areas of battalions, the dispersion is carried out in the premises of the personnel adapted to carry out the use of DDP-2 and DDA-66. The disparatles and block posts were carried out using the simplest devices equipped as shower cabins. In view of the intensive use of technical means of wash (DDP-2, DDA-66), equipment wear (rubber-tissue, rubber-technical products, nozzles, injectors, boilers) was significantly increased, which caused the need to provide spare parts, as well as increasing the requirements for technical training service personnel. Part of the divisions were placed in the tents of the unified type of set-56, USB-56, UZ-68 (2 pDB, IPR, Department of Management 1 pDB) What is the increase in wear of tents and especially rigging.
3. By combustion service. Obtaining fuel was made from local suppliers on the basis of the contract. From Hungary through Vojoivodina, Serbia Transport Supplier in the brigade was the supply of diesel fuel and automotive gasoline. In the basic area of \u200b\u200bthe brigade, after checking the quality, the supplier transport was made of fuel in transport of the brigade; The tanks in the fuel warehouse did not plunge, to increase the protective properties they were painted and laid sand bags.
4. For medical service. The medical center of the brigade was equipped with the abbreviated staff of a separate medical battalion of the Division and had a whole set of specialist doctors who could provide qualified medical care.
5. For the apartment service. Furniture, inventory and property of the CAC were brought by echelons at the beginning of the operation for the entire operation period. The workpiece of firewood was carried out from local sources, under contracts with local administration authorities. Payment of electricity, water and other utilities was made on the basis of contracts by currency, through a brigade, cash.
The feature of the rear was also the fact that officials and bodies of the rear commands, the commander of the rear divisions were to make appropriate decisions not only on the issues of rebar, but also on the organization of battle, the fulfillment of peacekeeping functions, planning in detail and providing for protection, defense, defense, The protection and disguise of the objects of the rear. From the rear officers needed knowledge of the opportunities of the staff armament of the units entrusted to them, the ability to apply it to have the appropriate operational-tactical and tactical and special training.
Farewell, Eastern Slavonia!
The paratroopers of the 554th separate battalion "Blue Katok" successfully completed a peacekeeping mission as part of the UN forces on the Balkan Earth.
The peacekeeping operation of the UNTAES - UN temporary administration in Western Slim, Baranja and Eastern Slavonia entered the final phase. From October 1997 by air, railway and the Danube River, the phased conclusion of the main forces of the Mission - Russians, Ukrainians, Slovaks, Chekhov, Belgians ...
On October 26, the Flags of Russia and the UN at the airfield under the clisoy, where the headquarters of the 554th Russian separate battalion of the Blue Kassoi were located in the solemn atmosphere. Now the leadership of Croatia, "integrating" not without the assistance of the United Nations, the original Serb lands of Western and Eastern Slavonia, hurries the military with care. And only the Serbian population persistently looks in the back of the Blue Kasam, deceiving their aspirations and hopes.
Under the sounds of the anthem flags of Russia and the UN, slowly fall on flagpoles. This is not an ordinary event at 16.30 on 16.30 October 26, 1997 at the Clus aerodrome, where the headquarters of the 554th Russian UN Battalion is located. Honorary Mission - to deliver these banners to their homeland is entrusted to Captain's officers of Captain Vitaly Starikov, Deputy Commander of the Company for Educational Work, and Lieutenant Sergey Sergeev, the best platoon commander.
No matter how laconic and strict was this ceremony, I noticed: on the persons of officers and soldiers standing for the last time in general, the battalion is building before the departure to their homeland, as if chokol. I looked at Kombat - Colonel Vladimir Osipenko, his deputies - Colonel Yuri Yakusha. Hero of Russia Lieutenant Colonel Svyatoslav Golubyatnikov, Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Rybalko, Alexei Badeeva, Commanders of the mouth - Major Sergey Selivanova and Alexey Ragozina, Sergeants-Contractorkov - Yuri Klimenko, Vladislav Bayaeva, Andrei Aktale ... And in mind they unwittered others, familiar to the pain of those who became interested Who for five and a half years with dignity and honor performed hard peacekeeping tasks in the battalion in Eastern Slavonia, aggravated the glory of Rusbat-1.
There is no area to call all the names, because during these years there were 11 rotations in the battalion, 15 thousand soldiers and airborne officers passed through it. We mention only the names of Kombat, Colonels:
- Viktor Loginova,
- Leonid Arshinova,
- Sergey Voznesensky,
- Alexander Kobyleva,
- Alexander Nizhegorodova,
- Mikhail Zhazdenu,
- Vladimir Osipenko.
Each of them in the measure of forces and abilities together with the headquarters, all personal members contributed to the peacekeeping activities of the Russian Battalion of the United Nations, it was striving to ensure that Russian peacekeepers preishable our armed forces in the largest operation of the Blue Cassack, which received in 1992 Official name Unprofor - "UN Security Force".
And although Russians had no experience in such international missions at all, our Rusbat became known in all four sectors, which was divided into the territory of the former Yugoslavia. I happened more than once in our United Nations battalion and I can say with full responsibility: the 554th battalion first entered the zone of his responsibility in the East sector, where until recently there were fierce battles and more than 50 percent of cities and villages of Eastern Slavonia, including The sadly famous vukovar, stood in ruins: the first one unfolded her "Check Points" - control posts between Serbs and Croats on the front line with a length of 110 kilometers: the first in the sector achieved the fact that the former opponents began to store heavy weapons, went to the first negotiations " .
During the time of numerous armed conflicts that flash between the Serbs and Croats, our battalion did not depart, did not pass the local population in the arbitrariness of fate, as the most repeated French and the British were repeatedly done, not to mention Kenyans, Jordanians, Argentines ... Moreover, in February 1994, the situation in Sarajevo sharply aggravated the situation, two battalion companies committed a rapid march through Mountains Bosnia and their decisive actions were actually prevented by the bombing of the Serbian positions by NATO aircraft, for which gratitude from the then secretary-General UN Bootros Tali. Our paratrooper paratroopers did not flinch and in the most dramatic moment of the UNProfor operation - in the summer of 1995, when the Croatian army, asking for all international agreements, captured Krain and Western Slavonius. In a matter of days, then three sectors were falling, where the UN's forces were. There was only one sector "East". Stressed mainly because there were the positions of the Russian battalion, and the airborne chair was planned by a parachute-landing operation for its support from the air in case of an attack of the Croatian troops.
During the peacekeeping mission on the Serbian Earth, our paratroopers paid an expensive price - 48 officers and contract soldiers were killed and injured. The first in this sorting list - Sergeant Alexander Butorin, who broogted on the Anti-Tank Mine on January 20, 1993. Last - Senior Lieutenant Dmitry Moiseev, who died on October 7 of this year as a result of multiple hemorrhage into the lungs.
I repeat: the Russian military contingent of the UN successfully stood the first test peacekeeping activities in the Balkans. About this in a conversation with a correspondent "Red Star" confirmed the commanding forces by the UN in Eastern Slavonia Belgian Lieutenant General Hanset. What, unfortunately, can not be said about our politicians and their foreign policy line in the Balkans in general and in Serbian extremely in particular. Alas, for many years, especially when the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was Andrei Kozyrev, it was carried out inconsistently, with a loaf to the west. Not once was a witness when our high representatives were in negotiations in Belgrade and Sarayev, our high representatives were in front of the Messengers of the United States and Western Europe, they thought more about their careers than they were ridic than the Russian interests in the Balkans.
It will take over only one, in my opinion, a very eloquent example. Now it is preferred in Smolensk Square, apparently not to remember how in the spring of 1995, on the initiative of the Russian Foreign Ministry, a peace treaty was concluded between Croatia and Serbian extreme. After performing it, Russian peacekeepers were forced to move control posts a few kilometers, while several people were injured in mines. But the year not passed, as Croatian troops in collusion with the United States and the countries of Western Europe, they captured Serbian Krai, along with her capita. More than 10 thousand serbs died, and about 200 thousand were refugees. And what is Russia, member of the UN Security Council? Our Foreign Ministry did not even dare to show the official protest against the barbarism of Croats. What else can you talk about?
And there were a lot of such examples. If the Russian contingent in Eastern Slavonia, as, for example, behind Belgian, is not worth the state, which knows what he wants, a natural question arises: it was worth it to get involved here in a similar way?
Summing up the UN peacekeeping operation in the Balkans, about the role of Russians, Yugoslav funds played mass media And ordinary people always share it into the components of the parties: official politicians and the "chernobykh" of this peacekeeping mission - soldiers and officers of military contingent ", our military observers of the UN, representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs ... It is not difficult, I think to guess, in whose address there is a dumb reproach, And in whose - Slov sincere thanks.
This is what the Russian "Blue Kastok" secretary of the Tenskoy Community of Untaes Dragolub Yevkovich said at the farewell rally.
- In this difficult hour of parting on behalf of the entire Serbian people, expressing officers and soldiers of Russia thanks for your humane mission, for reliable protection and Slavic kindness. I will not hide, we have bitterly we have "blue helmets", especially Russian. The decision of the UN Security Council on the conclusion of the Mission's military contingent is difficult for our people. But the thin world is better than any war. "
I will not shine soul, Croats speak differently:
- Our people have always perceived Russian soldiers as defenders of Serbian aggressors, - with angright I told me at the loading station in the Croatian town Vinkovitsa Elderly Railwayman Jovan Petrakovich. - You only interfered with us to defend our lands, housing ...
Of course, every resident of local communities, Croatian and Serbian, has its own gaze on the stay of the Blue Cassack, including Russian.
... By November 1, the 554th United Nations Battalion already removed all control posts in the responsibility zone with a length of 120 kilometers and is engaged in the planned transformation of people and military equipment from Eastern Slavonia to Russia.
- the main forces of our battalion are already 50 percent in road home, "Colonel Vladimir Osipenko told me in the headquarters of the battalion. - Others finish the preparation of goods and techniques to dispatch. From October 20, the following tasks are assigned to the remaining Russian military contingent: the guard by the guard by the Karaul residence of the head of the temporary administration in the place of the bean, ensuring the security of the UN civilian personnel and the protection of property at the Clus airfield, as well as monitoring the overall situation in the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility ...
To this, I will add that in the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility of the Russian battalion, the transfer of powers for the implementation of the Erceland Transitional Police Agreement under the leadership of the UN Civilian Police was successfully held. Now Slovak sappers under the guise of Russians are demining the front-line territories of Eastern Slavonia. Our doctors continue to treat the local population. Every day, 30-40 locals for inspection, consultations come to the medical center of the battalion. And, perhaps, the dentist Captain of Medical Service Valery Germanov enjoys extremely popular among our military doctors. He has a kind soul and golden hands, no one knows - no Serbs, nor Croats.
