Document's name ecological kaleidoscope.ppt
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› ››Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Ecology is a science that studies our home - the planet on which we live, and how we should live in this house. Kaleidoscope (from Greek kalos - beautiful, eidos - view)
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Ground floor mushrooms What does a mushroom consist of? How long does a mushroom live? How many years does mycelium live? What can mushrooms not live without? Which forest does he prefer? White mushroom? What tree is Russula friendly with? What work do mushrooms do in the forest?
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What do you know about lichens? What are lichens? Is it possible to determine air pollution by the condition of lichens?
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Rules in nature 1. Don't pick flowers, don't break trees. 2. Do not destroy nests and anthills. 3. Protect plants and animals, especially those listed in the Red Book. 4. Burn fires only in specially equipped places: the fire must be removed from trees, the fire area must be cleared of grass and covered with stones or earth; for a fire, use dry dead wood or specially stored firewood; Before leaving, fill the fire with water and cover it with earth. 6. Don’t burn grass in the spring, as it can cause the forest to catch fire. 7. Do not create garbage heaps; take all empty cans and bottles, along with other garbage, out of the forest with you and throw them in specially equipped places or bury them. 8. Do not uproot or break off berry bushes. Set up houses and feeders for birds and other animals. 9. Don’t make noise or disturb the inhabitants of the forest.
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Quiz “Trees” 1. The needles of this tree live for 10-12 years. The cones are raised upward, like candles, when ripe, they crumble into pieces, leaving a stem. There are many swellings on the bark, up to 700, and in them there is a transparent “fragrant” liquid, it is called “balm”. In winter, this resin protects the tree from the cold, and at other times - from insects trying to penetrate under the bark. 2. For the winter, this tree sheds its needles. The needles are soft and silky. Long-lived. After “death,” wood is well preserved. St. Petersburg was built on stilts made of this wood. Sarcophagus decks and war chariots with wheels were previously built from it. Oval shaped cones.
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3. Translated from Latin, “quercus” means beautiful tree. Long-lived. Very resistant to pest attacks, strong storms, drought. The personification of strength, power, strength. A wreath made from the branches of this tree was awarded for saving lives and military exploits. The ancient Slavs revered this tree as magical, associated with the god of thunder and lightning Perun, and the ancient Greeks associated it with the god of the Sun, science and art, Apollo. 4. This tree differs from others in the color of its bark; it contains a white substance - betulin. In any weather, its bark remains cool.
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5. The wood of this tree contains “milky” sap, which contains rubber. The leaves of this tree do not show any damage caused by caterpillars and beetles - for some reason insects do not touch the foliage of the tree. The “tears” of a tree can be used to predict the approach of rain. 6. For its delicate, beautiful appearance, the ancient Slavs associated this tree with Lada, the goddess of love and beauty. The name comes from the Greek word “ptilon” - wing. Heart-shaped leaves. A big tree during the flowering period it produces 12 kg of honey, which is considered the best. 7. The wood of this tree rots quickly, but it lives for a short time - 80-100 years. In autumn, during leaf fall, the tree sheds excess branches. When there are no leaves, the tree can be recognized by the taste of the bark - bitterness and smell are felt. The tree blooms before the leaves appear. The stump does not produce shoots.
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8. Which tree is an excellent “vacuum cleaner”, one of the best dust and soot cleaners? The wood fibers are uneven, and the ax gets stuck in it. 9. This tree grows in the Caucasus. The wood is hard, even an ax can bounce off it. The knife doesn't take it. In the water it immediately sinks. Machine parts are made from it. His scientific name boxwood, which folk one? 10.The fruits of the tree look like sausage, but are inedible. 11. The trunk is about 10 m long, about 100 m high. It lives 3-4 thousand years. In one such tree, the Indians cut a 9 m tunnel in which a truck drove. In another tree they set up a dance floor where 15 couples danced, a brass band played and there was still room for 20 spectators. There are only 500 of these trees left. What is it called? 12. This tree grows in the tropics. The fruit is round and reaches a weight of 16-30 kg. Flatbreads are baked from it by cutting the fruit and adding yeast and milk.
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13. It grows in Brazil. Tree-cow - that's what people call it. To “milk” it, you need to cut the bark. The juice resembles milk. What is its scientific name? 14. This tree can be found in India, China, Japan, the Caucasus, and Crimea. The dried fruits resemble candy. What kind of tree is this? 15. The diameter of the tree is approximately 10 m. It feeds, waters and clothes. The leaves are eaten as vegetables. A drink similar to lemonade is prepared from the fruits. Fiber is obtained from the bark for nets, bags, paper, and clothing. The bark is soft, and therefore it is affected by fungus; storerooms, warehouses and living quarters for people are arranged in hollows.
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“Trees for Humans” 1. The firewood of which trees provides little heat? 2. What kind of wood is used to make pencil sticks? 3. Name the “pioneer” trees that populate any free piece of land. 4. The roots of this tree help hydraulic builders, holding the banks together no worse than steel reinforcement and preventing waves from washing away or eroding the banks?
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5. What kind of wood is used to make turpentine, sulfur, and rosin? 6. What kind of trees is plywood made from? 7.What is plywood made from? 8. What kind of wood are telegraph poles made from? 9. From the needles, leaves, and wood of which trees are they obtained? medicines? Which?
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10.Which trees are “honey plants”? 11. What trees give us small tasty nuts? 12. What kind of wood is used to weave fishing gear, ropes, baskets, and make burlap? 13. Which trees are unpretentious and are not afraid of either heat or cold? 14. The seeds of which tree germinate only in wet after exposure to low temperatures?
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Birds 1. What birds do not hatch eggs? 2. Woodpeckers like to move to new apartment. What type of woodpecker has a square nest? 3. In Spain, this bird is called the “deceiver of the shepherds.” Leads a nocturnal lifestyle, saving goats and cows from insects that fly near their udders and torment them, not allowing them to rest. 4. When in danger, this bird can hiss, stretching its neck and turning its head so much that many people mistake it for a snake. 5 What bird flies at a speed of 100-200 km/h?
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6. The males of these birds are very polite and caring: they give up the best food to the females and diligently raise their chicks; they come to us with the first snow. 7. This bird in a good mood makes gentle sounds, for which it is called the “forest flute,” and in a bad mood it screams like a cat, for which it is called the “forest cat.” 8. What is our smallest bird and how much does it eat? 9. This bird catches insects in flight, even construction material for the nest is found in the air. On land, it behaves restlessly due to its short legs and long wings. It got its name because of its sounds, or maybe because, when flying, it “cuts the air.” The bird is popularly called the “forest lamb”; in flight, its wings, humming from the wind, make a bleating sound. 10. This bird immurs itself in a hollow for 4 months. It hatches eggs there, feeds the chicks and moults. She does this so that they don’t crawl into the hollow. Poisonous snakes, - leaves only a gap for breathing.
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Medicinal plants to help people” 1. What plants stop bleeding? 2. What plants purify the blood? 3. Which plants are rich in vitamins? 4. What plants are used for colds and coughs? 5. What plants are used as a sedative?
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6. What plants are used for eye diseases? 7. What plants are used for kidney diseases? 8.What plants are used for heart diseases? 9. Which plant lowers blood sugar? 10. Which plant contains menthol, a physiologically active component that has an anesthetic effect?
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Plants are heroes of historical events When the queen of flowers, the beautiful rose, did not yet exist on Earth, this flower was valued everywhere more than all other creations of the goddess Flora. It was used to decorate huts in Ancient China and India, it was deified in Egypt and Babylon, and elegies and odes were written about it in Rome and Greece. And not at all for its beauty, which would later be eclipsed by the divine rose - it quenched the pain of wounded warriors, it was used to make incense oil, and ancient cooks prepared exquisite dishes and drinks from its berries and petals. And in Rus' they also knew him. In the chronicles one can find indications that entire expeditions were equipped to collect it, collecting it with “great diligence.” The need for it was so great that it was purchased from neighboring principalities. At the time of Ivan the Terrible, they sent sable furs, velvet, brocade, and satin to Kazan to exchange berries and petals of this plant. A strong brew prepared from its fruits was used to soak bandages and apply them to wounds. The ancient Romans considered it a symbol of morality, the Greeks planted it in the gardens around the temple of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, and decorated the path of newlyweds with its petals. It was a flower of joy, love, fun. Question. Name this plant (Rose hip.)
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Protector tree The custom of planting this tree came from the ancient Greeks and Romans. Medieval residents believed that it could protect against evil spirits, dragons, diseases and other misfortunes. The branches of these trees were nailed to the gates and front doors of houses. In central Russia, believing that this tree protects from evil forces and heals from sadness, and gives happiness, they tried to plant it closer to the house, near the windows, goes out onto the street: both people know better, and Satan is worse, and self-beauty and joy. From time immemorial, what were houses made of in Rus'? Of course, from wood: the richer ones - from oak, the poorer ones - from spruce and pine. The tarry poor peasants' huts stood for a long time, they were heated black and burst into flames at once. The fire engulfed entire villages in a matter of minutes. Particular danger came from “fiery” artisans - blacksmiths and smelters. Therefore, their workshops were resettled away from housing, to the outskirts, and surrounded by this tree. In Rus' there was also a custom to carry a sick person under this tree, because they believed that the spirit of this tree drives away illnesses. It turned out that flowers, leaves, berries, and even the bark of this tree contain volatile substances - phytoncides, destructive to pathogenic microbes. Questions. Name this tree? Why were blacksmiths and smelters skillfully planted with this tree? (Rowan. It has long been noticed that its wood catches fire with great difficulty, and its lush crown does not immediately succumb to the top flame.)
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Divine Origin B Ancient Egypt this plant was attributed to divine origin. According to legend, it grew from the blood of the murdered Horus, the son of Osiris and Isis. In memory of this, wreaths were made from the plant and festivals were held where it played a special role. For the same reason, since time immemorial, this plant has been considered a symbol of severe grief and sadness; with its help, condolences were expressed to the loved ones of the deceased. In ancient Greece, if someone was considered hopelessly ill, they would say that he only needed this plant or that he would soon need this plant. Its greenery was also woven into bouquets of roses and lilies. When Greek colonial farmers began to develop the Peloponnese, a peninsula in the south of the country, they were amazed by the sparse vegetation of the places there. Only this plant grew on rocky soil. Questions. Name this plant. Can you guess why the greenery of this plant was woven into bouquets of lilies and roses? (Parsley. Parsley was woven into bouquets of lilies and roses to remind: fun does not last forever.)
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Head In Ancient Greece, this vegetable gained wide recognition and extraordinary popularity. It is believed that this plant is the first vegetable encountered by man. The outstanding commander of antiquity, Alexander the Great, according to legend, always before a battle considered it necessary to feed his soldiers with this particular vegetable: apparently, he was sure that this was the secret of his victories. It is interesting that the great mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras not only glorified this vegetable, but, they say, also engaged in its selection: it is not for nothing that one of the best varieties in ancient times it was called by the name of Pythagoras. In Ancient Greece they seriously believed that this vegetable had all the “seven benefits” known on earth: hot... And therefore they were strongly advised to take it when various diseases. Scientists, not without reason, believe that the ancient Slavs received this culture from the Greco-Roman colonists of Crimea and other areas of the Black Sea region. The Latin name of this plant means “head”. Questions. What kind of plant is this? Name ■“seven blessings* on earth.
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“Overseas” guest “This plant was worshiped and hated, royal palaces were decorated with its flowers, and the same plant was fed to domestic animals. In the German city of Offenburg there is a monument to the famous English navigator and pirate Francis Drake. The inscription on the monument says that it was Drake who brought this plant to Europe. But in fact, Europeans, at least the Spaniards, became acquainted with it earlier. Both in Europe and in Russia, the “overseas” guest was met with hostility. The bad rumor about the plant as a source of leprosy, tuberculosis, and rickets was so tenacious among the people that they flatly refused to plant it. In the first years, the fruits of this plant were a rare dish even on the royal table. From an inventory compiled for one palace dinner in 1741, we learn that this “delicacy” was served there in the amount of 1 ¼ pounds, which is 0.5 kg - and this for the entire royal court! It took more than a hundred years for this guest to take one of the first places on our table. Question. Name this plant.
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Invigorating “berries” Europe first learned about this plant from the Italian doctor Prosper Alpinus, who accompanied the Venetian embassy to Egypt and brought news about this plant from there in 1591. An Arab legend was known in Egypt about how in Ethiopia one shepherd noticed that goats that had eaten berries from a plant bush did not sleep, but frolicked and jumped all night. The shepherd told about this mullah, who decided to experience the effect of the berries himself. He needed this in order not to fall asleep in the mosque. The experience was a success. This tree grows in Ethiopia, formerly called the country of Kaffa. Question. Name the plant referred to in the Arabic legend.
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Impression In 1492, a few days after the discovery of islands in the Caribbean, Christopher Columbus recorded a grain plant unknown to Europeans, as well as the way it was used by the people of Cuba. However, the first samples were delivered to Spain only upon returning from the second trip. The Spanish conquistadors were greatly impressed by the extensive cultivation of this crop in Latin America. Considering the newly discovered continent to be a land of untold riches, they were ready to even find a plant made of precious metal there. It is not surprising that one Spaniard from Hernando Cortez’s retinue wrote about this plant: “Some strange plants more than a meter high grew in the fields. It seemed as if they were made of pure gold, and their leaves were made of silver.” Question. What plant made such a strong impression on the Spaniards?
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Vakhova Nadezhda Timofeevna.
Mathematics teacher, 9th grade class teacher.
MCOU Staroselskaya secondary school of Safonovsky district, Smolensk region, village of Staroe Selo
Ecological kaleidoscope
This amazing world
I bless you, forests,
Valleys, fields, mountains, waters!
I bless freedom
And blue skies!
A.K. Tolstoy
Event plan class hour
1.Introductory word about the forest.
2.First competition. Quiz “MOST – MOST”
3.Second competition: “FOREST SECRETS”
4. Third competition: “HEALTH FROM THE FOREST”
5. Fourth competition: “Birds are friends of the forest”
6. Fifth competition: “THESE FUNNY ANIMALS”
7.Did you know that...
8. Not to blame, but in the answer.
We all love the forest. How can you not love him? Our forests are amazingly beautiful! This is the greatest creation of nature, the beauty and pride of our planet. In them we find rest and silence from city noise, coolness from the summer heat, and, in the thicket, protection from the wind.
If you came to the forest for a walk,
Breathe fresh air
You didn't come to kill!
Let the butterflies fly
Well, who are they bothering?
There's no need to catch them here,
Stomp, clap, hit with a stick.
You are just a guest in the forest,
Here the owner is the oak and the elk,
Take care of their peace,
After all, they are not our enemies.
Let's start the game - ecological kaleidoscope
"THIS AMAZING WORLD"
First competition. Quiz “MOST – MOST”
1. The most beautiful tree in our country? (Birch).
2. The most terrible enemy of the forest? (Fire).
3. Moose's favorite food? (Aspen branches).
5. What is the most common tree in Russian forests? (Larch).
Second competition: “FOREST SECRETS”
What is the name of the pine forest and the city in the Nizhny Novgorod region? (Bohr).
What is the name of the birch forest and the city in Sverdlovsk region? (Grove).
What is the name of a lot of trees growing over a large area and a river in Belgium? (Forest).
The name of this worm comes from an atmospheric phenomenon. Who is he? (Earthworm).
Change one letter in the name of a poultry and you will turn it into a predatory forest animal with valuable fur. (Chicken - marten).
Third competition: “HEALTH FROM THE FOREST”
How is linden blossom used in folk medicine?
(Like tea for colds and coughs).
How is oak bark used in folk medicine? (As a decoction of the bark for inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, for bleeding gums).
For humans, the tincture of this perennial herb is a sedative, and for cats it is a stimulant. What kind of grass is this? (Valerian).
What is the name of the yellow sour fruit of the southern tree that we eat when we have a cold? (Lemon).
The honey collected from the flowers of this tree is fragrant and extremely tasty. Name this tree. (Linden).
Fourth competition: “Birds are friends of the forest”
1.Which birds fly to us from the south first? (Rooks).
2. What bird breeds chicks in winter? (Crossbill).
3.What birds spend the night burrowing into the snow? (Grouse grouse, hazel grouse).
4. Which bird is white in winter? (Ptarmigan).
5. What bird does not build nests and hatch chicks? (Cuckoo).
Fifth competition: “THESE FUNNY ANIMALS”
1. When do beavers build their homes?
a) In the morning; b) at night; c) during the day.
2. What does a wolf do after getting food?
a) Eats on his own;
b ) feeds the she-wolf;
c) gives food to newborn wolf cubs.
3. When do moose shed their headdress - antlers?
A ) In winter; b) in spring; c) in summer; d) in the fall?
4. Name the animal with the most precious skin?
a) Squirrel; b) marten; V) sable.
5. Are rabbits born blind or sighted? (Sighted).
6. Does the squirrel eat dry or fresh mushrooms? (Dry).
Did you know that...
Writers, artists, composers, people of various professions find a source of inspiration in the forest.
“Forests teach people to understand beauty.” (A.P. Chekhov).
1. In the works of which writers and poets does the theme of native nature occupy a large place? (Nekrasov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Yesenin, etc.)
2. Which artists’ canvases depict pine, spruce forests, and nature? native land? (Iv. Iv. Shishkin, Victor Mikh. Vasnetsov, Vas. Iv. Surikov, Isaac Il. Levitan, etc.)
The forest is a source of wood. Spruce is used for musical instruments and for construction; oak is used in shipbuilding and furniture production; pine is a source of chemical products (turpentine, rosin, tar), aspen is used in the production of matches and various crafts.
The forest is a living environment for many birds and animals; it is a reserve of furs and game.
The forest is berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants.
Taking care of preserving the wealth of nature is the duty of every inhabitant of planet Earth. In particular, our duty is to preserve and protect forests and the birds and animals that live in them.
NOT GUILTY, BUT IS THE RESPONSE
Thank you, forest, for everything:
For the silence of solitude,
And the warmth of touch,
For the air that smells like honey,
For the aroma of flowering meadows,
For all living things that live,
For all those whistling and singing,
For the selflessness of existence,
For generosity to the point of self-forgetfulness.
I apologize to you
For all human sins.
Sorry for walking the ax
In your spruce twilight,
Like an unextinguished fire
He rushed by like a mad dog,
What I couldn't prevent
I'm a sneaky shot at dawn
FOR EVERYTHING I ASK YOU FORGIVE ME,
IT IS NOT GUILTY, BUT IS THE RESPONSE.
Nadezhda Kudashkina.
The title of the material is an interactive didactic quiz game “Ecological Kaleidoscope”.
Purpose - for extracurricular activities, can be used in ecology, biology, and natural science lessons.
Target: nurturing a love for living nature, nurturing children’s ecological culture
Tasks:
- familiarization with the culture and nature of the native land,
- development of cognitive interest, intelligence of students,
- expanding knowledge and fostering a desire for its continuous improvement,
- fostering a sense of solidarity and healthy competition.
Equipment - multimedia projector, screen, computer.
The form of use is projection onto a screen when working frontally with a team.
Rules of the game(Slide 3).
Our playing field consists of five themes: “The second life of a tree”, “Birds”, “Legends of flowers”, “Animals of our region”, “Northern berries”. Each topic has six questions. There are 3 types of questions in the game: a question and 3 answer options, a question without an answer option (the correct answer is a picture), “a pig in a poke” (“It flies or doesn’t fly” - flash questions); and a musical break (you just get a point for it). Musical break - the children and the musical director prepared a number, a song.
Most slides provide children with answer options that act as triggers. When you click on the correct answer, the figure changes color and incorrect answers disappear. If you answer incorrectly, the incorrect answer disappears and the correct answer changes color.
Children take turns choosing questions. After the game is over, the jury tallies the points and determines the winners.
Appendix 1. Scenario of the quiz game “Ecological Kaleidoscope”.
Appendix 2. Quiz game "Ecological Kaleidoscope".
Lipina Lyudmila Sergeevna, teacher of the State Educational Institution of the ZSSHI village. Zelenoborsky, Murmansk region. By education I am a physics and mathematics teacher. I have experience in my specialty, as well as a technology teacher. Worked at OY secondary school, correctional school VIII kind, and now I work in a sanatorium-type boarding school. I am the mother of three adult children and the grandmother of a wonderful toddler. I really like to do crafts with children using various techniques. My greatest reward is the delight of children from joint creativity. My students are laureates and prize-winners of exhibitions and competitions in DPI in our village, region, and at All-Russian exhibitions.
Target: environmental education of students.
Tasks:
- nurturing love for native nature and its beauty;
- developing an understanding of the essence of environmental problems facing humanity;
- formation of an ecological culture of behavior in environment, civil responsibility for its preservation;
- carry out patriotic education;
- promote a love of nature;
Progress of the lesson
- Organizing time.
Today we will go to the temple of nature (slide number 4). Presentation
There is just a temple
There is a temple of science.
And there is also a temple of nature -
With scaffolding reaching out
Towards the sun and winds.
Come in here
Be a little hearty
Don't desecrate it!
- Main part.
Nature is diverse and unpredictable. She is how an affectionate mother cherishes and caresses, how an evil stepmother is strict and unapproachable... (Slide No. 5)
The gentle sun is often obscured by clouds and streams of rain fall on the ground.
In ancient times, when there were significantly fewer people and machines had not yet been invented, the expression “fighting nature” came into use. In our century, the balance of power between man and nature has become different. What is needed is not fighting, but protection. And nature asks us for help. Caring for the earth, forests, rivers, clean air, flora and fauna is the main thing. Our Motherland must become environmentally friendly. (Slide No. 6)
Let's define what ecology is (slide number 7).
Ecology, this word comes from two Greek words “oikos” - house and “logos” - teaching. Ecology is the science of habitat and environment.
Let's look at some ecological problems: (slide number 8)
- water pollution;
- deforestation;
- air pollution;
- land degradation.
15% of Russia's territory is environmentally unfavorable, especially in large industrial cities (slide number 9).
The environmental situation in Russia in numbers:
- For every resident of Russia, approximately 42 tons of rock mass are mined annually, of which 13 tons go to dumps.
- Gas and dust emissions amount to 0.48 tons.
- Carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels are 3.5 tons.
- 184 tons of polluted water are discharged.
- Every year in Russia, from 1 to 7 million hectares of forests burn, 80% of forest fires occur due to human fault.
But forests produce 80–90% of the oxygen necessary for life on the planet.
Now let's see how big our planet is (slide number 10).
Let's take an apple for example. Let's imagine that this is our Earth. We divide it into four parts: three of them are water. We take the fourth small part and divide it again, then we get a piece of “land” where people do not live, and we divide another eighth into three parts: two particles (cities, forests, roads) - land that cannot be used in agriculture. Now let’s cut off the skin - this will be a fertile layer of soil. And sometimes, in order to shorten the path, we cross what has been plowed, dug up, sown... Once, twice, we crossed, and now the soil ceases to be fertile, and nothing grows on it in this place (slide no. 11-14).
Like an apple on a platter
We have one land.
Take your time, people
Scrape everything down to the bottom.
It's no wonder to get there
To hidden hiding places,
Loot all the wealth
In future centuries.
We common life grains.
Relatives of the same fate,
It's shameful for us to feast
For the next day.
Understand this people
Otherwise there will be no Earth.
And each of us.
(Slide No. 15).
“I picked a flower and it withered. I caught a moth - and it died in my palm. And then I realized that you can touch beauty only with your heart.” (slide number 16).
Guys, did you know that paper thrown away by you will last more than two years, tin cans - more than 30 years, plastic bags - more than 200 years, glass - 1000 years?
(Slide No. 17-20)
Communicating with nature, people have long observed it. This is how environmental proverbs and sayings appeared.
Exercise: pick up the second part of the saying.
- A lot of snow - a lot of bread.
- Forest and plant - salvation for the beast.
- Forest and water - beauty of nature.
- The enemy of nature is who doesn't care for the forest.
Guys, you know that there are state and religious holidays, but there are also environmental dates on the calendar. (Slide No. 21)
- March 22 is World Water Day.
- April 1 is International Bird Day.
- April 22 is Earth Day.
- June 5 is World Environment Day.
- Summing up and homework.
- Let's remember what ECOLOGY is.
- What measures need to be taken to maintain ecological balance in nature?
- Draw up a route sheet (the path from home to school) indicating environmental violations. ( Slide number 22).
