Russia, Moscow g
13.01.2010 19:36
Alexander Tolokonnikov - famous person in the world landscape design. We met him a few years ago in England during the exhibition "Chelsea Flower Schow". Later, they traveled together in the parks of Crimea, after which I decided to take advantage of the invitation and visit the garden of Alexander in Novocherkassk, the capital of the Don Cossacks.
The garden of Alexander Tolokonnikova turned out to be an unusual and original, reflection of the personality of his owner. This is one of the brightest attractions of the Rostov region. In the summer, the steppe is very hot, and such an oasis, where many shady corners have been created, gives the desired coolness. But of course, many vivid impressions in the garden can be obtained in any weather. therefore round year Visitors come to the garden.
History of garden creation
Garden Alexander Tolokonnikova, when I visited it for the first time, was six years old. It originated on an empty place where the dried clay soil and a stupid grass created a very sad landscape. Six years for the garden is a very short time. How did Sasha managed to create such magnificent thickets for this short time? He responds that he immediately planted in large trees, giving preference to fast-growing. In addition, a set of pergole, arches, shirm, which create a spatial structure and volume are arranged in the garden. Through these forms, windows and passages, as pictures in the frames are visible various corners Garden.
In the garden, there are several compositions in different styles in the garden on Haldongktar. There is a garden cafe, an English garden, a peasant garden, a gravel garden, a garden of aquatic plants, a shady garden. In the garden is constantly added something new. A special place is held by the Japanese garden arranged in all the rules of Eastern Art. In Japan and China, the creators of gardens relate to the stones. This is the main component of the garden. Water, plants, small forms are secondary. Here, Alexander Tolokonnikov, at the first stage of the creation of the garden, engaged in laying stones. Multo boulders unfolded not by the will of the designer, but, as they were accepted in the East, they themselves searched for a place in the garden, it was necessary to "negotiate" with them. As a result, everyone took the place that believed to him. This practice of conversations with stones may seem strange to someone. But, knowing Sasha, his ability to meditate, practice in the monastery Shaolin, I believe: he can!
Lord of Rain
In a tea house on the bank of the pond, the owner treated us with beautiful tea. During the tea ceremony, we communicated, listened to the stories about the creation of the garden, the meaning of his compositions, enjoyed the fragrant drink and contemplation of the view on the pond with the island. And then a miracle happened! With a forty-portus heat, with absolutely pure sky Suddenly he went heavy rain. His drops ripped in a water surface, knocked and flies on the roof, jumped along wooden bridges. Immediately became cooler. Sasha opened us the secret of this phenomenon. In his garden, he placed spins for watering not at the surface of the earth, but high on the poles, trunks of trees, roofs of the arbors. Only in this way you can pour thick landings.
Alexander Tolokonnikov - a talented landscape designer, having many orders in different cities of Russia. His clients are recorded in the queue. In addition to working on projects and gardens, he conducts classes in the Landscape School created by him. In his garden, which he calls the Botanical Park of Landscape Type, Sasha collected more than a thousand items of rare decorative species and plants forms. The new plants are constantly being studied and acclimatized. Those that have successfully passed tests are multiplied in a small nursery and sold.
In the owner itself, and in his garden there is something that is perceived not at the level of mind - to mind, and from the heart to heart. Here everyone gets a strong energy feeding, somehow the questions themselves are solved by itself, well-being improved. After the first visit to the garden, everyone wants to get there again: in the fall - admire the bright colors, in winter - contemplate the branches and buildings, in the spring - enjoy the awakening of nature and the first colors.
Alexander Tolokonnikov:
http://www.landy-art.ru/index.php?p\u003d.avtoritts&sid\u003d16944
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Yes Yes i remember. We must plant a tree, bring up a son and build a house.
All this is right, but put a tree ... somehow boring. One tree is planted, despite the fact that several millions of trees will be cut down in the world, a little ungrateful task. Therefore, it was pretty long ago a stupid idea appeared ....
There is a type of plants that are considered weeds. The peculiarity is that they grow quickly, multiply quickly and do not hurt. The trouble is that such plants apply to very quickly and destroy them or eradicate is very very difficult. An example of such plants - Borshevik. Borshevik perfectly arrived in the large part of Russia and became a disaster for agriculture. And most importantly - Borshevik displaces the rest of the plants ...
Here about such "weeds" I think, but I'm not interested in the grass, but the trees ....
Quite often I go to the teachings. 200 kilometers from Chelyabinsk, of which 100 km are going on M5 and in the fields of the Chelyabinsk region, and the remaining 100 km go through the Bashkir steppes, some of which are processed by local farmers. But the rest is .... steppe, steppe, steppe. And I wondered the idea of \u200b\u200bthis steppe to plant trees.
I love birch, but so falling out such a quantity birches so that they flooded the huge empty of the Bashkir steppes are very difficult. Therefore, I began to look for such trees to be like a weed ... quickly grew, they had little hurt and multiply aki rabbits, quickly and massively.
My gaze fell to "Maple", which is not very loved by landscape designers. And they do not like the reproduction and almost zero value of wood. However, they write about Maple that this tree gives a lot of oxygen, it is growing rapidly, it sicks little and, most importantly, it is a big and beautiful tree. Well, most importantly - the maple forest is very beautiful forest. True, I'm not sure that I will get to grow just such ... But what the hell is not joking ...
In the yard, maple grow and so by the way, as if hinting, a few days ago trimmed trees and on Earth turned out to be a huge number of branches with the famous population of maple seeds in the form of helicopters. An viciously giggling Sasha has made a whole bag of helicopters and will spill them over the large plot of the Bashkir steppe in the near future ...
We'll see. What happens ...
And yes, by the way, about ecoterrorism. Many Bashkir steppes were in their time challenged from Bashkir forests to sowing fields. But it was in the good time of the USSR. The last decades of the field are thrown. They overgrow the grass, which burns in the spring, and then they get the grass again ... I want to make an unprecedented - make sure that the land died in the forest returned in the forest management. Because I want to plant the trees and pick up the earth and return their forest. Well, most importantly, it is necessary to plant such trees that would be difficult to emerge or put on firewood. And Maple is suitable for these purposes, as it is impossible ... to the hell of people! I want a forest.
Spring Ocean
Why is the steppe bald?
Not one century of scientists occupies the problem of the champs of the steppes, but they found the answer quite recently. Research from domestic specialists on this topic supported the Russian Federation.
Plants on our planet are distributed over zones. The trees are dominated in the forest zone, in the steppe - herbs, in the zone of hot deserts - shrubs. Scientists have long been interested in the causes of zonality. Especially they were involved in the relationship between forest and steppe vegetation. In fact, why in solar and warm steppes do not grow trees?
In different years, experts offered different answers to this question. Two hundred years ago, scientists believed that the natural conditions of the steppes are quite favorable for the growth of trees and in the past the steppe spaces were covered with forests, which then destroyed a person. In the middle of the XIX century, the opinion was dominated by the unsuitability of the nature of steppes for forest vegetation, especially since attempts to grow the forest in the steppe ruled unsuccessfully. By the end of a last century, experts came to the conclusion that the forest comes to the steppe, and the success of a person hinders the safe conclusion of this process. And only relatively recently it became clear that the zonality of vegetation depends on the degree of moisture and energy balance of plants. Employees of the Institute of Ecology Problems and Evolution. A.N. Seversov RAS B.D. Abaturov and V.N. Lopatin, relying on the data of domestic scientists, explain why there are no forests in the steppes and under what conditions the trees can grow there.
All energy plant gets at the expense of photosynthesis, which occurs in the leaves. The leaves inside are very wet and also evaporate moisture, so the magnificent crown can afford only plants in wet places. The land is the terrain, the less the leaves, and therefore the energy. In dry steppes, the plant gets moisture mainly from the soil, because it is obliged to have a powerful root system. The proportion of roots B. total mass Steppe was six times higher than that of meadow grass in a wet forest zone. In order for the energy that the steppe plant receives from his several leaves, has enough for the maintenance of the roots, he has to sacrifice everything that not photosynthesizes and does not absorb moisture, that is, wooden stems and branches. Therefore, herbs prevail in the steppes. Perhaps B. steppe zone Could grow rare trees if the grass did not make them competition. Proof of this is the experiments on the cultivation of artificial forests in the arid zones of the Northern Caspian Sea - for the success of this undertaking, it was necessary to constantly destroy all herbaceous plants.
But there are cases when the plant is forced to preserve the woody trunk, despite the felusive lack of water. In the deserts, where much land than in the steppes is also very hot, for example, in eastern doodles, the temperature at the surface of the Earth reaches 50-75 degrees. Photosynthesis in such conditions does not go. But on a meter height, the air is heated only to 40 degrees, you can live. So there are plants desert placing their leaves in a cooler place away from the ground. Of course, being a tree in the desert - a non-dissolute luxury, and shrubs there have taken root, good they have to compete for moisture with herbatous plantswhich in such conditions just do not survive.
Forests are possible only in wet places, where the plants compete not for moisture, and for the light. There are here the trees that put a multi-tiered crown to the sun, finally win herbs, which literally leave no place under the sun. Getting plenty and light, and water, trees can afford to spend energy on the content of the mighty trunk and numerous long branches.
Researchers believe that the physiological basis of the zonal distribution of vegetation is obviously not limited to the peculiarities of plant energy. Other physiological parameters can also play a significant role. different shapes Plants, but the assessment of this role requires a special analysis.
"Informnauka"
© "Literary Gazeta", 2003
Diagnostic work on the world around
4th grade (option 3)
Instructions for performing work
To perform work on the subject " The world"Give 60 minutes. The work consists of two parts and includes 18 tasks.
The execution of the tasks of part 1 is given to 30 minutes, at the end of this time the answers to the tasks of part 1 are rented. The tasks of part 2 also take 30 minutes. Between the execution of the tasks of parts 1 and 2 there is a break of 10 minutes.
Answers to write jobs in the response field in the text of work.
When performing the work, it is not allowed to use the textbook, workbooks, vocabulary and other reference materials.
We advise you to perform tasks in the order in which they are given. To save time, skip the task that cannot be performed immediately and go to the next one. Try to perform as many tasks as possible.
We wish you success!
Part 1
Answer:___________________________________________________________________
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3.1. How do you do if unfamiliar man On the street will suggest you to ride the car? Explain why you can not communicate with an unfamiliar man.
3.2. On April 12, the Day of Cosmonautics celebrate in our country. What event is this holiday dedicated to? Explain why the development of space is important for humanity.
Answer: ____________________________________________________________
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Part 2
4. What pictures are the objects created by the hands of a person depict? Write the numbers of these drawings.
Answer. ____________________________________________________________
5. Indicate what natural phenomena relate to natural disasters.
1) rain, wind
2) earthquake, flood, hurricane
3) Holly, flying birds
4) hail, snow
Answer: ____________________________________________________________
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6. Choose the right statement.
1) if solid Preheat, it will increase in volume.
2) If the fluid is warmed up, it will increase in volume.
3) If the gas is warmed up, it will increase in volume.
4) All previous statements are false.
Answer: ____________________________________________________________
7. Why are water pipes burst in winter?
1) Because water at low temperatures evaporates
2) Because water, turning into ice, shrinks
3) Because water, turning into ice, expands
4) damage to pipes with water is not connected
Answer:_________________________________________________________.
8. Sasha put on plastic bottle air ball and placed it in hot water. What result will Sasha get during the experiment and why?
1) the ball is inflated because warm air Rises up.
2) The ball is inflated, since the air molecules are sweeping when heated, the air in the bottle is expanding.
3) The ball is inflated, since the air is clenched and climbs upwards.
4) No. The ball will remain unchanged.
Answer: ____________________________________________________________
9. Insert into empty cells numbers in order of the reason for the consequence to explain why in the steppe so many animals leads an underground lifestyle.
1) The sun is high in the summer.
2) worth it hot weatherAnd precipitation quickly evaporates.
3) Underground parts of plants are developed.
4) Plants are trying to find moisture under the ground.
5) Many beasts lead an underground lifestyle.
6) In the soil, many worms and larvae of insects.
Answer:
Carefully consider the photo of the earth from space.
10. What kind of mainland is completely depicted in the photo?
Answer: ____________________________________________________________
11. Below are images of animals. Which animals live in a natural environment (not in the zoo) of the territory allocated in the photo in the task 10? Write the numbers under which these animals are indicated.
Answer: ____________________________________________________________
12. Consider drawings, read the text and compare the description of the meadow and wheat. Based on the descriptions, please indicate at least one similarity and one difference of these plants.
Mattik meadow wheat
Mattik meadow - the cereal plant with creeping and earth escapes, forming sometimes pretty thick, loose turns. Stems with a height of 30-90 cm, less often 10-20 cm, risen, smooth. The leaves are narrow-linear, 4 mm width, flat, smooth or slightly rough. It grows in the meadows, fields and forest edges. Grows on various soils. Sustainable weather conditions. Is the most important pasture grass and stands in second place after Timofeevka in value harvest.
Wheat - the most important grain culture, giving almost 30% of world grain production and supplying more than half of the population globe. Wheat is grown only on fertile lands. It is an annual recreational cereal plant with a height of 30 cm to 1.2 m. Escape (stem) - a hollow Solin, on which smooth, linear leaves are growing 1-2 cm wide, length and 20 to 37 cm. Rooting system urine Sometimes individual roots penetrate to 1 m and more. Winter wheat is frost-resistant, 85 - 100% of living plants are preserved by spring.
Similarity:
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Difference:
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13. Plant distributed in two groups. Write in the table number of the selected plant. Specify the name of each group.
PLANTS
List of plants:
1) Famysh
2) Wheat
3) Repique
4) Cucumber
5) Mint.
6) Lingonberry
7) OVES
8) Sunflower
9) Grechikha
10) Lyon.
11) nettle
12) plantain
14. In each case, to the beginning of the phrase select its continuation of the GAK to correctly compile communication: for this, to each position of the first column of selecting the corresponding position from the second column.
Start phraseContinuation of phrase
A) if there are more trees in the steppes,
B) if trees cut down in the steppes,
B) If the Water Channels are paved in the steppes.
1) The soil will be polluted, plants and animals will die.
2) That will be more fields where it can be grown.
3) then new plants and animals will appear.
Write the selected numbers in the table under the appropriate letters.
Answer:
start phraseBUT
B.
IN
continuation of phrase
15. Consider the image of a person. On the image on the right circle a circle number and sign the following parts of the human body: spine, rib, shoulder.
16. Muscles when performing physical exertion are tired. What should I do to prevent fatigue?
1) refuse any physical work
2) alternate labor and rest or different types of labor
3) Do not go to physical education lessons, do not play sports
4) take special medicines
Answer: ____________________________________________________________
17. Imagine that you were in the forest. Which of the listed plants can be eaten in the forest without special processing?
1) Ginseng root
2) pine needles
3) raspberry berries
4) Dandelion Flowers
5) Timofeevka
6) walnut
7) Forest Forest Forest
8) Mushrooms
9) Rough Oak
10) leaves sorrel
11) Flowers of the bell
12) Blueberry berries
Answer: ____________________________________________________________
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18. Carefully consider the sign. What do you think, what rule is installed by this sign? Write this rule.
Rule: __________________________________________________________
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In chapter Hometasks To the question why trees do not grow in steppes? Posted by the author Natalia Dovzbish The best answer is There are three reasons why trees can grow in the steppe zone. The first reason - in the soil too little water and pump it on large height difficult. Therefore, in the steppe zone, the trees (usually small) are growing only along the banks of the rivers.
The second reason is solid cover of rapidly growing herbs, the shoots of trees that grow significantly slower than grass.
The third reason - in the steppe lives a lot of large herbivores, which are trapped and grass, and trees. At the same time, the grass is taking place, but quickly rises, while the shoots of trees break and die. Straight, as in the famous Basna I. A. Krylov.
Answer from Bob trader[guru]
wind fertile soil blows
grow if they are right to plan
Answer from Beer lover[guru]
Steppe residents have chosen all the trees on firewood.
Answer from Natasha Kornienko.[newcomer]
Hello my name is Natasha. I am a resident of the village of Steppe. And steppe because it is located on the steppe. And we have a bunch of trees of shrubs of flowers of fruits and vegetables. And noone who does not chop all the trees on firewood is just a myth. Potato in the steppes are growing very well in the past summer. And the parents of 83 tons dug Hoy Sitshali 2. And this is a plus that the potato hail broke.
