The battle formation of the special forces group consists of 6 people. The development of the creation of special forces units. Ensuring safety while walking

Order of battle, actions of the group commander and personnel.

A raid consists of a surprise attack by a Special Forces group on a pre-selected enemy target with the aim of destroying it (incapacitating it), capturing prisoners, documents, weapons and equipment.

Raid targets can be:

missile units in concentration areas and at launch (firing) positions
command posts, headquarters, communications centers, airfields or individual elements thereof
warehouses for various purposes
radio and radio equipment, small garrisons and other objects

Methods of action and construction order of battle when carrying out a raid on an object in each specific case, they depend on the purpose of the conduct, the composition and availability of the group (detachment) and the combat capabilities of the enemy, as well as the nature of the terrain at the object and in the area where it is located.
Taking into account these conditions, the methods of action when carrying out a raid can be divided into:

sudden silent attack
attack after fire suppression of the enemy

Silent Assault attack on an enemy target is preferable in all cases, as it ensures secrecy and surprise of the raid. It is carried out, as a rule, against objects with little security, in closed areas, using only silent small arms and bladed weapons.

Attacking the enemy after being suppressed by fire usually carried out in cases where the assigned task cannot be accomplished by silent actions or when the enemy discovers the group at the time of the attack.

When carrying out a raid on an enemy of superior strength, a Special Forces unit opens fire from all types of weapons, boldly attacks the target using surprise and confusion, captures prisoners, documents, samples of weapons, equipment, mines and undermines the target or its elements, using fire from all types weapons destroys personnel, equipment, and equipment, after which, using the terrain and mine explosive devices, it quickly breaks away from the enemy and retreats.

Order of battle

The order of battle during a raid, depending on the mission, situation and composition of the group (detachment), may consist of subgroups (groups):

attacks
capture
provision
if necessary, a reserve can be allocated

Subgroup (group) of attack designed to remove sentries, destroy personnel located at the facility as crews, crews, maintenance personnel, security, etc. Depending on the situation, the task of destroying the guards (removing the sentries) can be assigned to a support subgroup (group).
Scouts are assigned to the subgroup (group), who are fluent in melee weapons and methods of attack and self-defense without weapons. It is advisable to assign to this subgroup scouts who have excellent knowledge of mine demolition and have good skills in demolishing structural elements from various materials. It is also necessary to prepare and correctly position a group of snipers to destroy the security of the facility using special means of covert and silent destruction of enemy personnel.

Capture subgroup (group) designed to capture prisoners, documents, samples of weapons and equipment, destroy (disable) equipment, equipment and structures located at the facility. It is necessary to appoint scouts to this group who are physically strong, dexterous, decisive, and who are fluent in hand-to-hand combat techniques.

Subgroup (group) of support designed to cover with fire the actions of other subgroups (groups) during the raid and when they withdraw after completing the mission

Reserve(if allocated) is directly subordinate to the unit commander and is intended to carry out tasks that suddenly arise during the raid:

providing assistance to any subgroup or wounded
covering groups in case the enemy appears from a new direction, etc.

In some cases, when the composition of the Special Forces group is small, some subgroups can perform several tasks in succession. So, for example, the attack subgroup, after destroying the guards, subsequently performs the functions of a capture or support subgroup. And vice versa, if there are enough forces and means, and the elements of the object are located on large area, can be distinguished not by one, but by two or more subgroups. In all cases, the commander, when creating subgroups, must proceed from the current situation, the assigned task and the availability of forces and means. As for snipers, they can be in an attack or support group, or they can be assigned to a separate subgroup and directly carry out the commander’s orders (surveillance, destroy, etc.).

The sequence and content of the work of the commander of a special forces unit in organizing a raid

The commander’s task for conducting a raid can be assigned:

in your rear even before the deployment to the mission area
in the area of combat operations of groups (via radio)
in some cases, the commander, being behind enemy lines, can decide to carry out a raid on his own, informing the command about this before or after the raid

An option for the sequence and content of the commander’s work when the group is behind enemy lines and receives a mission for a raid via radio communications can be as follows:

clarification of the task received
identification of activities that need to be carried out immediately
timing
issuance of advance directives
assessment of the situation
assessment of one's own strengths and resources
decision-making
issuing a combat order
organization of interaction

If the commander knows the exact location of the object, he must organize and carry out the withdrawal of the group to the object and its additional reconnaissance. If the exact location of the object is unknown, then the commander organizes, first of all, its reconnaissance (search).
Understanding the problem received, the commander must understand its content, i.e. on what object, for what purposes and by what time to carry out the raid.

When identifying activities that need to be carried out immediately, the commander takes into account the state of the group (detachment) - at the assembly point, on a day's rest, after or before performing any activity, etc.; taking into account the availability and condition of weapons, ammunition, the need and possibility of their replenishment, the presence of wounded, sick, etc.

When calculating time the commander must allocate time for his direct work (making decisions, issuing combat orders and organizing interaction), for practical actions to organize a raid (going to the target, its additional reconnaissance) and for preparing personnel for the raid.

When giving advance directives The commander, as a rule, indicates those activities that must be carried out immediately in order to quickly and organizedly carry out the combat mission (preparation of weapons, equipment, special equipment, instructions for the removal of supplies from the cache, etc.).

Assessing the situation consists of assessing the enemy, one’s unit, terrain, weather, time of year and day.

Additional exploration of the object is carried out personally by the commander with the assistance of required quantity scouts. In this case, the following must be installed:

exact location of the object
enemy forces, composition and weapons at the facility
regime at the facility, its security and defense system
the presence and location of mine-explosive, wire and other barriers and obstacles when approaching the object and in its location
hidden approaches to the object and escape routes after completing the task
the nearest locations (garrisons) of enemy troops, probable routes and time of their approach

Based on the results of additional reconnaissance of the object, the commander makes a decision, which defines:

the purpose of the raid, the forces and means necessary to carry it out
time and moment of attack on the object
where to focus the main efforts when conducting a raid
formation of battle formation, composition and tasks of subgroups (groups)
methods and procedures when approaching an object
the procedure for the destruction of manpower, military equipment and materiel of the enemy, the capture of prisoners, documents, samples of weapons and military equipment
procedure for removing the dead and evacuating the wounded
order and route of departure, collection points after completing the task and their operating hours
procedure for organizing and maintaining communication, control signals

The most suitable time to raid an object is at night or in conditions of limited visibility (rain, snowstorm, fog).
When determining the moment of an attack on an object guarded by sentries, it must be remembered that the vigilance of sentries is usually high in the first time after taking over the post and before the shift.

After making the decision to carry out the raid, the commander gives a combat order to the personnel of the group, which indicates:

information about the enemy at the site, the presence, composition of nearby garrisons and the possible nature of their actions
group task and deadline
composition and tasks of subgroups (groups), their weapons
procedure for the destruction of manpower, equipment and the capture of prisoners, documents, weapons and equipment
order and routes of departure, collection points after completing the task and their operating hours
procedure for evacuating the wounded and removing the dead
control signals
his place and the place of his deputy

Having given a combat order, the commander organizes interaction in order to clarify the options for action of subgroups (groups) in various environmental conditions. In this case, special attention should be paid to the issues of ensuring the actions of subgroups (groups) of capture, evacuation of the wounded and removal of the dead. If there is time, interaction can be organized on a layout of the area with the designation of the object and its security system. In the future, reconnaissance officers can also be trained in subgroups (groups) to perform certain techniques and actions that they will have to perform during the raid (removing sentries, installing mines and explosive charges, escorting prisoners, evacuating the wounded and removing the dead).

The considered order and content of the commander’s work in organizing a raid are desirable, that is, all issues are worked out if there is enough time. In reality, the commander will be put in a very difficult situation when performing the task (enemy opposition, time pressure, fatigue, etc.). In these cases, the sequence and content of the commander's work will be somewhat different, depending on the situation and the personality of the commander.

Action of personnel during a raid

After issuing a combat order, the personnel silently and secretly move as close as possible to the target of the raid (to combat positions). The scouts assigned to destroy the guards at the facility are deployed in advance and are located in places convenient for attack. The support subgroup (group) occupies the position indicated to it and is prepared to fire in the direction of the most likely appearance of the enemy. Depending on the nature of the terrain and other conditions of the situation, it can occupy a firing position at a distance of several tens to several hundred meters from the attack subgroup and be in constant readiness to immediately open fire.

The attack subgroup takes the starting position for the throw as close as possible to the object behind natural cover.
The capture subgroup takes place behind the attack subgroup.

At the set time, the commander gives a signal to begin action (raid). In this case, the actions of subgroups (groups) can be as follows:

the attack subgroup (group) silently destroys the guards, penetrates the facility and blocks the premises (tents, cars) where the security and service personnel are located. If detected by the enemy, the attack subgroup (group) acts boldly and decisively, firing from small arms, with hand grenades destroys security personnel, brings panic to the enemy’s actions and ensures the actions of the capture subgroup (group)
after the capture subgroup (group) completes its tasks, the attack subgroup retreats to the collection point
the capture subgroup advances after the attack subgroup, captures prisoners, documents, samples of new weapons
by laying mines and explosive charges, prepares elements of the object for detonation. In the event of enemy resistance, the group’s personnel, using all available means, inflict as much damage as possible on the enemy’s object, after which they leave the object and retreat to the collection point
the support subgroup (group) ensures the actions of the attack and capture subgroups, does not allow the enemy to approach the objective from the outside (from the side), and after they complete their tasks, in case of pursuit by the enemy, covers their withdrawal. On the escape route, it can set up minefields and set up ambushes.

The departure of the main composition of the troupe (detachment) occurs at a faster pace, masking traces of the departure.
The commander must strive to short term move away from the target of the raid as far as possible, keeping in mind that the enemy, having recovered from the unexpected attack and received reinforcements from the garrisons of the military police and troops, as a rule, organizes pursuit.

To collect OBP, it is advisable to designate a main collection point at a distance of 5-10 km from the raid target, and a backup point at the same distance from the main one. Several alternate collection points may be designated.

Evacuation of a group or wounded has its own specific characteristics. First, you need to point the helicopters at yourself, since without knowing exactly where the group is, they will not be able to help it. If the group commander observes helicopters visually, then he must, depending on the location of the group in relation to the helicopters’ course, inform the helicopter commander of his location and password ( 41) , For example: “Air”, I’m “Cherry”, 41, I’m 40° to the right on the heading, 3 km away, I identify myself with orange smoke.”

The choice of signal for designation rests with the commander of the reconnaissance group and should not(for security purposes) be determined in advance.

When identifying yourself and giving signals to helicopter crews, it is necessary to take into account that the crew’s view of the terrain forward along the course is no more than 60 degrees, while the terrain under the helicopter and behind is not visible at all. If the group is not located compactly, but dispersed (fighting on the defensive), then the group’s location must be indicated with at least two signals, that is, an area of terrain where helicopter pilots cannot fire is indicated.

When assigning targets to crews, the group commander must take into account the ellipse of dispersion of missiles and aircraft cannon shells and exclude helicopters from approaching the combat course above the group.

It should be borne in mind that at speeds of more than 80 km/h (the minimum speed when attacking helicopters), the fire of onboard machine guns (even the quadruple one on the Mi-24D) is ineffective due to the large dispersion of bullets.

It is also necessary to take into account that a feature of the MI-8 transport and landing helicopter is that the crew commander is located on the left side of the cabin, so it is more convenient for him to turn left from the combat course and, moving in a circle counterclockwise, return to the combat course, i.e. work with the “left box”. Therefore, during guidance and target designation, the group commander (aircraft controller) should be positioned to the left along the Mi-8’s approach course to the target.

An example of issuing an attack command to a Mi-8 helicopter:

“Air, I am Cherry, from me on the course to the right is 60 o, further 400, heavy machine gun. Enter at a heading of 300 o, work with the “left box”.

The second helicopter (if a pair is working) takes a place in the circle diametrically opposite to the first - a “carousel”. The crew of the second helicopter observes the results of the leading salvo and must be ready to strike, taking into account adjustments from the ground.

For example:“310, work from the gap further than 100, to the right 50, duplicate target designation with long tracer bursts.”

In addition to radio guidance, the commander of the Special Forces WG (if the group has already been detected or is fighting) must duplicate the adjustment with bursts of tracer bullets, reactive signal cartridges and other signaling means, commenting on these signals via radio.

ANNEX 1.

Conventional terminology(option).

a) helicopters, airplanes:

Mi-8 - green (scorpions) - Su-25, MiG-27 - Humpbacks

Mi-24 - striped (pike) - Su-17 - Dry

Mi-6 - sheds (termites) - Mig-21r - Lenses

Mig-21bis - Balalaikas

b) troops and equipment:

Armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks - Korobochka

Column - Chain

Car - Wheel

Our troops - Line

Enemy - Dotted line

Prisoners - 12

Wounded - 300

Killed - 021

c) weapons and ammunition:

DShK, machine guns - Ratchet

AGS, PGI, guns - Trajectory

Air bombs: - Drops

Incendiary - Wick

High Explosive - Fan

Reusable bomb cluster (RBC) - Umbrella

Volumetric detonating aerial bomb (ODAV) - Surprise

Glowing aerial bomb (SAZ) - Candle

Unguided aircraft missile (UAR) - Nails

Guided missile (UR) - Cigars

APPENDIX 2.

Basic tactical and technical data of helicopters of the Ground Forces aviation.

Main characteristics	Helicopter type
Mi-24V	Mi-8MT
Crew, people……………………………	2-3
Take-off weight, kg maximum…………………………… normal…………………………….	11 500 11 200	13 000 11 000
Maximum speed, km/h…………
Practical ceiling, m………………	4 500	5 000
Fuel reserve in main tanks, kg……	1 710	1 420
Landing load, maximum kg…………………………… on external sling……………………	1 550 2 400	4 000 3 000
Number of people transported, people...
Tactical radius at maximum take-off weight and maximum combat load, km. . . .

APPENDIX 3.

Radio exchange option.

The call sign of the GBU (Combat Control Group) is “Fontan”.

The call sign of the aircraft controller is “Falcon”.

The crew's call sign is “820.”

No.	Reports and commands of the crew commander.	No.	Reports and commands of the State Budgetary Institution (AN).
1. 3. 5. 6. 8. 10. 13. 15. 17. 19. 22. 24. 26. 29. 31. 33.	Establishing a connection: “Fontan”, I’m 820, 68, can you hear us, reception?” Report to the State Budgetary Institution: “I am 820, I am approaching you with four green ones, 3200, according to the standard with a course of 300 o in 3 minutes. Repeating the task: “I am 820, I understand, approach north of the zone, work with “Falcon” at point 213.” Establishing communication: “Falcon”, I am 820, 21, do you hear, reception?” Clarification of the task: "Falcon", I am 820, clarify the task" Confirmation: "I am 820, I understand, I am going out to area 213 north of 2 km, orange smoke" Confirmation: "I am 820, I understand, to the left 15º" Having discovered the aircraft controller, he transmits: "I 820, I’m watching you” Confirmation: “I’m 820, I understand, the goal is a course of 240º, further 2 km - a separate stone one-story house. Friendly troops to the south of 1.5 km, indicated by orange smoke." Having discovered the target, preparing to strike, he transmits: "I am 820, I see the target, I am shooting with nails." Confirmation: "I am 820, I understand, from the gap with the flight 70, to the left 50" By entering proofreading, and when ready, transmits: “I am 820, in combat mode, working in drops.” Having finished the bombing (strike with NURS), transmits: “I am 820, I have finished my work, allow withdrawal.” “Fountain”, I am 820, 93, I hear you well, reception" Confirmation: "I am 820, I understand, group 562 is leaving, at an altitude of 3200 according to the standard" Confirmation: "I am 820, I understand, end of connection"	2. 4. 7. 9. 11. 12. 14. 16. 18. 20. 21. 23. 25. 27. 28. 30. 32.	“820, I am “Fontan”, 07, I can hear you well, welcome” Setting tasks for the navigator: “820, approach north of the zone, humpbacks are working, you should work with “Falcon” at point 213” “820, I am “Falcon”, 62, I hear you well, received" Clarification of the task: "820, come to me, area 213 north of 2 km, I will indicate it with orange smoke" Confirmation: "820, received correctly" Clarification of the task: "820, I am watching you, turn left 15º, I will indicate" Confirmation : “820, received correctly” Setting tasks for the navigator: “820, I understood you. Your goal is a course of 240º, further 2 km - a separate stone one-story house. Friendly troops south of 1.5 km, indicated by orange smoke" Confirmation: "820, received correctly" Confirmation: "820, I understand you, I am observing" Having determined the deviation, transmits: "820, work from the gap with a flight of 70, to the left 50" Confirmation: " 820, received it correctly." Having assessed the accuracy of the hit, he transmits: "820, it worked well." Having assessed the accuracy of the hit, he transmits: "820, it worked well, I allow withdrawal." Control of the board (strike group) is taken over by the GBU. He establishes a connection and transmits: “820, I’m Fontan, 79, can you hear me, reception?” Clarification of the task: “820, group 562 is leaving, at an altitude of 3200 according to the standard” Confirmation: “820, received correctly, end of connection”

Note. By agreement, the digital password may consist of three rather than two digits. The last digit may be a digit missing from the “password grid” or the last digit of the take-off group’s call sign (pair, flight, etc.)

The “password grid” is valid for a certain, usually not long, period of time ( For example, several hours) after which they switch to a new “password grid”.

APPENDIX 4.

Protected individuals in this case mean commanders of districts, groups, armies, etc.

When discussing the problem of ensuring personal security, it can be recognized that in most cases the actions of terrorists are based on the frivolous attitude of individual superiors to issues of personal security and loss of vigilance. In most cases, it is not particularly difficult to enter a premises, commit a terrorist attack and quickly leave it without attracting attention.

When organizing a security service involved in ensuring the personal safety of individuals, the commander of the Special Forces RG needs to take into account all aspects of security activities, from operational work to detect and prevent crime to the physical suppression of encroachment.

The first direction provides for a set of measures to strengthen the security regime.

For these purposes, the following are carried out:

Increasing the number of security guards, increasing their mobility, providing them with communication means.
Strengthening the security regime at the places of service and residence of the protected person.
Changing the movement routes of protected persons.
Exclusion from visits by protected persons to places most vulnerable to attack.
Hidden departure of protected persons.

The work of ensuring the safety of individuals is dangerous and difficult. Therefore, intelligence officers have to decide various questions to ensure safety in any conditions: be it meetings, travel, work or leisure.

They have to meet and escort the protected person, constantly monitor the situation, receive correspondence and items received in the name of the protected person.

The number of scouts involved in protecting persons and their placement depends on the nature of the event, place and time.

Security measures must always be coordinated with management, which will determine the range of security measures taken and outline an action plan.

An intelligence officer ensuring the safety of individuals must, along with high moral qualities, be physically prepared, be fluent in self-defense techniques, know firearms and skillfully use them.

Protected individuals in this case mean commanders of districts, groups, armies, etc.

An intelligence officer must be able to prevent emerging conflicts in civilized ways and solve problems without using firearms or use it in extreme cases.

Some bosses try to choose only people of large build, with pumped up muscles, as their guards, using them rather for intimidation. For the benefit of the cause. As practice shows, most intelligence officers, in addition to security functions, have to perform personal duties (bringing a car, opening a door, carrying a guard’s belongings or documents).

Ensuring safety while walking

The difficulty of security measures while walking or playing sports lies primarily in the lack of time to study the upcoming route. As it happens. That the persons providing security will be the last to know about the upcoming walk.

To prevent an attack you should:

carefully study the upcoming route, know the location of telephones, so that if necessary, seek help from law enforcement agencies;
do not allow personal contact with strangers, always be ready to prevent an attack from them;
if an unforeseen situation arises, get close to the protected person, covering him with your body;
constantly monitor approaches from behind;
have first aid equipment with you first aid, know the location of medical facilities in order to seek help in case of injury.
in case of transferring any objects to a protected person, ensure his safety.

When accompanying a protected person during walks, it is necessary to maintain such a distance that will allow, in a moment of danger, to quickly respond to an attempted attack and take measures to prevent it.

Ensuring safety during mass events

Security individual when holding public events, it is a specific type of activity, due to the fact that the presence of security is not always possible, and also due to the unpredictability of the situation.

Particular attention should be paid to organizing the safety of the protected person while attending entertainment events:

The protected person must always be in the field of view of the guards, despite the presence of large crowds of people.
In these cases, you should move closely, carefully monitoring your surroundings.
You cannot be distracted or react to any incidents not related to the service. We must remember that terrorists often stage a fight or something else to distract the guards.
If difficult situations arise, for example, panic, it is necessary to strengthen surveillance and try to move with the protected person to a safe place.

Certain peculiarities arise when a protected person eats food. Having taken a table in advance, preferably in the back of the hall, you should quickly study the composition of the visitors, outline possible escape routes in case of danger, know the location of the telephone, medical center, and police posts.

You should be careful; it is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol or accept treats from strangers. You can’t relax and leave the room. If danger is detected or unforeseen situations arise (shooting, fighting, etc.), it is necessary to immediately provide cover for the protected person and quickly leave the scene with him.

It is extremely difficult to organize the protection of an individual in crowded places, since the presence of large crowds of people contributes to the criminal plans of individuals.

When moving through a crowd, you should position yourself in such a way as to block possible approaches to the protected person, constantly monitoring the situation. When leaving the crowd, you need to be especially attentive to the behavior of the people around you and not react to their individual actions, because at this moment provocations are possible.

Particular attention should be paid to vehicles located near you and the people in them.

Ensuring safety while traveling by car

When getting into a car, you need to look around carefully. If you notice something suspicious, immediately warn the protected person about it. During the trip, watch the cars behind you and the behavior of the people in them.

If danger arises, in order to break away from pursuit, you should give a command to the driver to increase speed, covering the protected person with your body or forcing him to lie down on the floor of the car and using signals to attract the attention of traffic police officers.

Having arrived at the place of duty or residence, one intelligence officer should get out of the car and carefully look around. When opening a car door, you need to be alert.

The actions of the second scout are to ensure the safety of the protected person from behind.

Ensuring safety while at home and at work.

When inspecting objects, buildings, structures, you must pay attention to:

traces of fresh plaster, concreting, clay coating;
integrity violation brickwork or concrete monolith, fresh coating or whitewash, new upholstery, fresh wallpaper;
attached ladders, stepladders, scaffolds, traces of work on breaking and sealing the floor, discoloration of floors, walls, partitions, newly installed or newly painted baseboards;
traces of the use of tools;
wires, stretched wire or twine;
remnants of containers or packaging of explosives and mines;
voids in the walls;
artificial grounding, the presence of foreign objects in sewers and pipes, chimneys and ventilation ducts;
unusual connections to electrical wiring and telephones; violation of the integrity of vaults and floors, especially in the area of entrances and exits from premises.
knowledge of the features of the premises allows you to take timely measures to cover the sites of a possible attack.

Among the negative features inherent in a certain type of premises are:

the presence of neighbors, among whom there may be aggressive people;
criminal informants;
lack of lighting in the entrance;
uncovered attics and basements.

Individual houses have free access for observation and ambush. It is possible for unauthorized persons to enter, plant explosive devices, or be attacked by aggressive people.

To prevent and suppress a possible attack, the commander of the Special Forces WG should take the necessary preventive measures, namely:

Clear thickets of bushes under windows and at entrances;
Strengthen the door by replacing the locks and installing a peephole.
Put bars on the windows.
Ensure that exits to the attic and roof and entrance to the basement are securely closed.
Before a protected person arrives at his home or before he leaves for work, it is imperative to inspect the neighboring premises and the area around in order to identify suspicious persons or explosive devices.

The main signs of a possible attack, allowing one to suspect someone of preparing an attack, include:

protruding skirts of a jacket, coat;
attempts to hide or remove a weapon from a side pocket;
desire to quickly leave the premises;
aggressive behavior or, conversely, unnaturally calm behavior when asked about the purpose of his whereabouts.

Identification of various materials that are atypical for a given location (rope, twine, areas of freshly dug earth, etc.) may indicate the planting of an explosive device (also during inspection of the car).

When receiving correspondence or suspicious things to a protected person, you should check the identity documents of the person who delivered these things. If there are any suspicious signs (heavy weight, the smell of shoe polish, elasticity, etc.), these items should be placed in a safe place and the bomb squad should be called.

When a protected person is in the house, one of the scouts is constantly in the corridor (or in the kitchen), his duties include meeting guests (visitors) at the door and checking them. Another scout should be in the room assigned to him so that, if necessary, he can provide timely assistance to his comrade. In this case, the presence of a third scout is not necessary.

Before entering an office, scouts must check the serviceability of the door lock (if the reception area does not have 24-hour duty). In the office itself, carry out an external inspection, paying special attention to damage to windows, objects, the appearance of wires, etc.

5. INTELLIGENCE ACTIONS IN WATCH (INTELLIGENCE MVD)

Watch - one of the most important types of reconnaissance operations, sent from intelligence agencies and units of internal troops to conduct reconnaissance of illegal armed formations (enemy), inspection of the area and direct security during the performance of service and combat missions and on the march.

The Watch allows you to:

conduct reconnaissance in various ways;

conduct an inspection of the area while moving in marching order;

be in constant readiness to immediately repel an attack by an illegal armed formation (enemy);

identify fire weapons, ambushes and barriers of illegal armed formations (enemy

deploy into battle formation with the allocation of a fire group

support.

Patrols operate day or night, depending on the situation and task.

Patrol tasks.

The patrol is assigned to solve a wide range of combat missions, each of which involves conducting reconnaissance actions to one degree or another, such as:

obtaining information about the terrain, vegetation, hydrography, illegal armed groups (enemy), local population, etc.;

search and destruction of illegal armed groups (enemy). These actions include moving into ambush positions, clearing settlements, movement in the footsteps of illegal armed groups (enemy), raids on their temporary bases, etc.;

identification of routes and implementation of penetration or exit from the area of combat operations. Regardless of whether the under-

division into the area of operation or evacuation area after completing the task, it always sends reconnaissance patrols - a guarantee of safety of movement in the area of combat operations;

control of the neutral zone - a section of terrain between the positions of friendly troops and enemy troops. This gives friendly troops an advantage in time and space for maneuver, and also makes it easier to obtain information about the enemy.

identifying the sentiments of the local population (refugees, migrants, internally displaced persons);

searching for possible routes of penetration of criminals (the enemy), traces of their presence, as well as obtaining information from the local population about the possible penetration of criminals (the enemy) or their presence in the area.

Watch success is achieved by a high level of training, coordination of actions, proactive and decisive actions of each military personnel.

Types of patrols:

Foot patrol – carry out reconnaissance tasks and avoid meeting with illegal armed groups (enemy). Stealth of actions is the most an important condition their successful actions.

Having a minimum number (2, maximum 3-4 people, one of whom is appointed senior), foot patrols perform the following main tasks:

direct inspection of the area and individual local objects

collection of topographic information;

collecting information about the positions of illegal armed groups (enemy) and minefields;

studying routes and features of enemy actions;

conducting reconnaissance by observation and eavesdropping on traffic routes

illegal armed formations (enemy) and near their bases;

reconnaissance of routes for their troops.

Reconnaissance patrol -conducts reconnaissance in a specified direction or object. He is appointed from the reconnaissance platoon (special purpose platoon), includes up to 10-12 people

Its main tasks are: a. Collection of topographic information.

b. Collect information about enemy positions and minefields. V. Studying routes and features of enemy actions.

d. Conducting reconnaissance by observation and eavesdropping on enemy routes and near his bases.

d. Reconnaissance of routes for friendly troops.

e. Conducting limited raiding activities such as acts of sabotage or roadside activities.

Raid (reconnaissance and assault) patrol in most cases, it is appointed as part of a regular military personnel (VSN) with reinforcement forces. Performs special tasks and has numbers sufficient to conduct combat.

The main tasks are:

A. Destruction of individual enemy groups and commanders.

b. Conducting harassing actions by attacking the enemy.

V. Misleading the enemy about the true intentions of the command.

d. Conducting raids on enemy positions and targets. d. Capture of prisoners.

e. Organization of ambushes along the routes of probable enemy movement. and. Influencing the local population.

h. Organization of bases for long-term actions behind enemy lines. And. Search and destroy enemy bases.

Selecting the battle formation of the Special Forces WG depends on:
- combat mission of the group;
  
  terrain and observation conditions;
  
  expected direction of enemy attack;
  
  on the required speed and required controllability of the group;
  
  on who (our troops or the enemy) controls the airspace;
The main options for the order of battle include:

“One at a time in a column.”

it is used in closed areas, for example in the jungle, for movement along the edges of forests, in a minefield, when infiltrating enemy battle formations. It is easy for a commander to control a group, but executing a command takes time. The Spetsnaz RG is highly vulnerable from the flanks, frontal fire is difficult

"Two in a column"

Effective for driving at night.

RG SpN is relatively well controlled. Conducting frontal fire is somewhat difficult.

Often used when driving on rough open and semi-closed terrain. When driving at night. The group is easy to control, easy to conduct all-round observation and fire in all directions.

"In line".

Used in attack. It is convenient for frontal fire. However, the group is difficult to manage. The machine gun crew must be placed on the open flank or on the flank that provides the most effective fire when confronted with the enemy.

- ,_:_ -

The basis of any battle formation is a pair (troika) of scouts,which, alternately moving from cover to cover (5-7 meters each), cover each other. Moreover, a moving scout, as a rule, looks at his feet, trying to see the mine extension. The scout, prepared to shoot from behind cover, conducts observation through the sight of his weapon, ready to immediately open fire. When observing, he selects a shelter at a distance of 5-7 m, behind which he will hide during the next transition. It is necessary to practice preparation with both the left and right hands. The vast majority of soldiers are trained to fire from the right hand, so by firing at the left side of the cover, we will hit it faster.

Patrol methods.

There are 4 main patrol methods:
Strict adherence to the chosen route is not necessary and, when new information is received, the group's route may change. The secret to success is to use the terrain to your advantage; while avoiding excessive fatigue of personnel, it is necessary to strive to inspect the entire area.

The main burden when inspecting the area falls on the sentinels. Usually paired patrols are assigned, but groups can also be assigned

3-4 people. The sentinels move during the day at a distance of 8-10 steps, at night - 3-4 steps, with the eldest walking slightly behind. Movement is carried out from one NP to another. Such NPs (stops) are selected from good conditions visibility and camouflage towards the enemy. When observing, the sentinels are positioned lying down near a hillock, tree, behind buildings, in bushes, etc. Observation should be carried out from the side, from the shadow side, without raising their heads. When observing, pay special attention to the reconnaissance signs of targets (enemy), which were given in lecture No. 1. The core begins to move only after receiving a signal from the patrol about the absence of the enemy.

All signals are given secretly from the enemy, and it is necessary to make sure that the signal is understood. Signals by hand or machine gun are visible during the day at 300-1000 m, with a flashlight at night at 1000-1500 m, signal flags during the day at 800-1500 m, rockets during the day up to 5000 m, at night up to 15000 m. The commander determines the procedure in advance. /s according to signals.

The heights are inspected along the opposite slopes by two pairs of sentinels. You should not linger at heights and on ridges.

Particular care is taken to inspect hollows, ravines, groves and thickets of bushes, individual buildings and ruins, where the enemy most often sets up shelters and ambushes. Sometimes suspicious places are first shelled and inspected only if there is no return fire.

Gorges and ravines are first inspected by several pairs of sentinels, and the core does not begin to move until the end of the inspection (only after the sentinels occupy convenient positions at the exit, the core moves along the slope). If it is impossible to inspect the entire gorge, the taxiway moves in riffles, inspecting the most important areas and securing a foothold in the most convenient places for defense. Sentinels can also identify the enemy by listening.

Reconnaissance of forest areas is carried out by a chain of sentinels (a double chain: in the first line there are machine gunners, and in the second there are machine gunners and snipers).

ry covering the first line), and first inspect the edge visually from as large a distance as possible. Trees are inspected from bottom to top to identify snipers.

The sentinels operate in full view of each other. When moving in the forest, you need to hide behind trees and bushes, and clearings and clearings are overcome by throwing or crawling under the cover of the main forces of the taxiway (small ones go around). Periodically you need to stop and listen. It is possible to inspect the area ahead from the trees. When encountering obstacles, mines, or buildings, they are inspected with or without deployment into battle formation.

The obstacle is inspected from extreme distances through the “optics”, and then visually from close range; direct inspection is carried out only in the absence of suspicious signs and under the cover of the main forces of the RD.

Going to the base site and organizing the base.

If the reconnaissance group needs to stop for a period of up to 24 hours, a base is organized. She does not stop in one place for more than a day and does not return to this place again. If a combat mission requires a long stay behind enemy lines, then the group commander selects several places for such bases in advance. They are planned to be occupied in cases where it is necessary to stop all daytime activity in order to avoid detection; shelter personnel during reconnaissance; rest after a long march; develop an additional operation plan and prepare the necessary orders; gather after penetrating enemy territory in small groups.

In this case, passive and active safety measures should be observed. Passive measures require the fulfillment of a number of requirements: choose places remote from human habitation, avoid any buildings (forester’s house, barn), as well as known and suspected enemy positions; not be located near topographical landmarks, on the banks of rivers, lakes, streams, near roads and paths, in open forests and clearings; choose difficult-to-reach terrain with ravines, steep cliffs that make it difficult to move on foot, which has no tactical significance, with developed undergrowth, bushes and trees with a low crown.

Active security measures require: setting up a military outpost or observation post along the path of a probable enemy approach (the size of the base and the number of security posts are determined by the size of the group, terrain conditions, the number and quality of available

shelters); deploy an electronic warning system about the enemy's approach; develop a base defense and evacuation plan; organize service at the base so that a third of the personnel are ready to open fire at any time of the day, and reduce movement around the base to a minimum.

There are several ways to occupy a base, the use of which depends on combat readiness, terrain, and vegetation.

The reconnaissance group stops to listen 100 - 400 m from the intended base location for 5 - 10 minutes.

Then it passes by it forward for 200 - 800 m, makes four turns of 90 degrees to the right (left) every 100 - 400 m, drawing a large loop around the intended location of the base. This maneuver allows the guards to timely detect the enemy pursuing the group in its tracks. After the fourth turn, the site of the future base is directly in front of them, 200 - 300 m.

Here the reconnaissance group occupies a perimeter defense.

The commander gives an order in case of a sudden meeting with the enemy, in which he informs where, with whom and for how long he is leaving, who his deputy is, and also sets out the procedure for contacting the enemy, indicating the locations of the main and reserve collection points. This order is given every time someone separates from the group.

The commander and his entourage go to the site of the proposed base, comb it in a zigzag, set up guards in positions whose location corresponds to 12 and 6 o'clock, and give orders in case of a meeting with the enemy.

After this, he and the “navigator” return to the reconnaissance group. Here the commander sets up an observation post, gives the appropriate order and, together with the group, enters the base, where he organizes a perimeter defense.

The second method is “Knee”.

The commander gives orders to act in an emergency.

Then he goes forward, makes one 90-degree turn and goes to the base. And then it acts as in the first case.

Third way. It is used by small groups that occupy the base with the entire group at once.

The reconnaissance group stops to listen 100 - 400 m from the intended base for 5 - 10 minutes.

Then it passes by it forward for 200 - 800 m, makes four turns of 90 degrees to the right (left) every 100 - 400 m, drawing a large loop around the intended location of the base.

One or two MON mines are laid in the area leading directly to it. The personnel are seated with their backs to each other in two ranks. The soldiers sitting on the edges act as guards.

Base organization.

First of all, defense is organized, firing sectors are assigned, positions of machine guns and group weapons are specified, for which fire cards are drawn up.

Then the group begins to clean the weapons, and at the same time it is allowed to disassemble no more than a quarter of the existing ones. Machine guns are cleaned after individual weapons have been cleaned.

The water supply is organized in the following way: personnel collect flasks in empty backpacks. The commander establishes collection points near and far, located behind the water source. The farthest collection point is designated by a command (for example: “300 m north of such and such a landmark”). The commander places guards on the flanks and rear of the reconnaissance group. The patrol approaches the water source, conducts reconnaissance of the far side, takes up guard positions and gives a signal that everything is in order: during the day - by hand, at night - with a red lantern (two flashes). After this, the group with the flasks approaches the water source and fills all the canteens of the reconnaissance group, and the guards of the near side pass it last and “sterilize” the place. The place where water is collected is chosen at bends, in lowlands, and in places where the river narrows.

Meals are taken in pairs: the first, with a weapon in his hands, provides security, the second (3-5 m away) warms up rations on a dry fuel tablet and eats food (no more than a third of the personnel do this at the same time).

At dawn and sunset, the entire reconnaissance group, half an hour before sunset (sunrise), gathers, takes up firing positions and prepares for battle, then waits at the firing positions for an hour. Half an hour after sunset (sunrise) she continues her daily activities.

Each scout at the base is informed of the withdrawal plan, the main and alternate assembly points. In the event of a surprise attack, it is believed that it is better to engage in battle, destroy the enemy or force a retreat, than to allow an unorganized withdrawal and use of the rally point.

Divisions special purpose Russian Federation

Special purpose units and units- units and units of various special services, armed forces and police (militia), as well as anti-terrorist units, are designed to neutralize and destroy terrorist groups, conduct operations deep behind enemy lines, sabotage and perform other complex combat missions.

Story

Russian theorist and author of the ideology itself and the concept of application special forces You can probably consider Svechnikov M.S., who managed to convey many of his ideas to students of the Military Academies, followers and supporters. The practical implementation and real testing of ideas was probably started by I. G. Starinov, he organized the first combat use during civil war in Spain. There was probably a fruitful ideological exchange between M. S. Svechnikov and I. G. Starinov, during the latter’s studies at the Academy.

Special Purpose Units (SPU)

"Zenith" - task force special purpose (OGSpN) KGB of the USSR
"Omega"
"Cascade"
"Alpha" - specializes in the release of hostages.
Zaslon is a special unit of the SVR (service foreign intelligence). Number of people: 300 people.
Special units of the Federal Penitentiary Service Directorates for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Each territorial division has its own name (for example, OSN "Typhoon" of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, OSN "Saturn" of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for Moscow, OSN (b) "Rosich" of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Ryazan Region)
FSKN special forces

Police special forces (SOBR)

SOBR (special rapid response department) - federal and regional special units Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, which were regularly included (until 2003) in the Department for Combating Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (units of over 200 people were called squads from the late 1990s). Since 2002, SOBRs have been disbanded, some employees were asked to move to OMSN (Special Purpose Police Unit). In 2011, in connection with the reform of the internal affairs bodies, and the renaming of “militia” to “police”, OMSN detachments were renamed OSN (special forces). Since 2012, all OSN units have been given the name SOBR (special rapid response unit).

The main task of creating SOBR is the fight against organized crime, in all its manifestations, in all types and methods, and against terrorism. Special forces were successfully used in military operations carried out in the TFR.

SOBR KM GUVD for Moscow is the very first special forces detachment in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Founded in 1978. SOBR officers are constantly on business trips in the North Caucasus.

In accordance with existing agreements, SOBR officers are allowed to take tests for the right to wear a maroon beret, taking into account their specific service and assigned tasks. This is expressed in slightly modified tests.

Units and formations of the Special Forces of the Russian Ministry of Defense

Parts and formations of the Special Forces GRU GSh

2nd separate brigade special purpose GRU (Promezhitsy settlement, Pskov district, Leningrad Military District)
3rd Separate Guards Special Purpose Brigade (Chernorechye PriVO)
10th separate special purpose brigade of the GRU (Molkino village, Krasnodar region, SKVO)
14th separate special purpose brigade of the GRU (Ussuriysk, Primorsky Territory, Far Eastern Military District)
16th separate special purpose brigade of the GRU (Tambov, Moscow Military District)
22nd separate guards special purpose brigade of the GRU (Stepnoy settlement, Rostov region, North Caucasus Military District)
24th separate special purpose brigade of the GRU (Irkutsk, Siberian Military District)

42nd Marine reconnaissance point(Russky Island, Haluai Bay, near Vladivostok, Pacific Fleet);

420th naval reconnaissance point (Polyarny settlement, near Murmansk, Northern Fleet);
431st naval reconnaissance point (Tuapse, Black Sea Fleet);
561st naval reconnaissance point (Parusnoye village, near Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region, Baltic Fleet).

Detachments for combating underwater sabotage forces and means:

Parts and connections of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces

45th separate reconnaissance regiment of airborne special forces

Special forces of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Through the efforts of the head of the VV intelligence, General Kuznetsov, and his deputy, General Chevrizov, after the first Chechen campaign, attempts were made to form a regiment on the basis of the Vityaz detachment. However, veterans of the unit assess this consolidation step negatively. With the departure of the detachment commander V. Nikitenko, this became possible.

In 1999, on the basis of the detachment and the 1st Red Banner Regiment of ODON, the 1st Red Banner Special Purpose Regiment “Vityaz” was formed. However, three years later, in the interests of more efficiently performing tasks, it was again reorganized into a detachment. Now, on the basis of the unit, the 604th Special Purpose Center of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation has been formed. There is also a special purpose detachment of the Novocherkassk Division of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Special purpose departments of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia

Special forces Federal service execution of punishments. They are part of the structure of the territorial departments of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Currently they are called “Special Purpose Departments”. The tasks of the units include the prevention and suppression of crimes and offenses at the facilities of the Federal Penitentiary Service, the search and capture of especially dangerous criminals, ensuring security at special events, the release of hostages taken by convicted prisoners, as well as the protection of senior officials departments. Created during the period when the Penitentiary System (GUIN) was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

SATURN - 04.29.92 - Moscow
TORCH - 05.30.91 - Moscow region
SOKOL - 03/17/91 - Belgorod
TORNADO - 06/11/91 - Bryansk
MONOMACH - 06/21/91 - Vladimir
SKIF - 07.07.97 - Rostov-on-Don
HURRICANE - 01/04/91 - Ivanovo
GROM - 09/23/91 - Kaluga
THUNDER - 06/07/92 - Kostroma
BARS-2 - 01/15/93 - Kursk
TITAN - 01/06/91 - Lipetsk
ROSICH - 07.30.91 - Ryazan
JAGUAR - 08/13/92 - Eagle
PHOENIX - 09/14/91 - Smolensk
VEPR - 04/17/93 - Tambov
GRIF - 12/04/93 - Tula
LYNX - 03.26.91 - Tver
STORM - 08.19.91 - Yaroslavl
CONDOR - 07.07.91 - Republic of Adygea
SCORPIO - 06/07/91 - Astrakhan
BARS - 03.13.91 - Volgograd
EAGLE - 11.11.92 - Republic of Dagestan
SHARK - 03/04/91 - Krasnodar
VOLCANO - 03.14.93 - Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
GYURZA - 02.10.92 - Republic of Kalmykia
ROSNA - 03/14/91 - Rostov-on-Don
BULAT - 10/20/91 - Republic of North Ossetia
RUBEZH - 03/01/92 - Stavropol
SIVUCH - 08/18/93 - Arkhangelsk
VIKING-2 - 07/23/91 - Vologda
GRANITE - 07.07.93 - Republic of Karelia
SAPSAN - 03/11/93 - Komi Republic
BASTION - 03/06/91 - Kaliningrad
ICEBERG - 07/11/91 - Murmansk
RUSICH - 11/13/91 - Novgorod
BISON - 11/13/91 - Pskov
TYPHOON - 02/20/91 - St. Petersburg
DELTA - 01.11.92 - Severonezhsk
SPRUT - 07.07.93 - Mikun
FOBOS - 06.28.91 - Penza
‎YASTREB - 01/22/92 - Republic of Mari El
RIVEZ - 03/14/91 - Saransk
LEOPERS - 01/17/91 - Kazan
GUARD - 06.08.91 - Cheboksary
TORDO - 04/03/91 - Ufa
KRECHET - 07/01/91 - Izhevsk
SARMAT - 01.02.91 - Orenburg
BEAR - 02/06/91 - Perm
MONGUST - 06.22.91 - Samara
ORION - 05.09.91 - Saratov
ALMAZ - 03/01/91 - Kirov
BERSERK - 03/04/91 - Nizhny Novgorod
SHKVAL - 11/28/91 - Ulyanovsk
VARYAG - 03/23/93 - Solikamsk
CHEETH - 04/23/93 - Yavas
CENTAUR - 10/01/92 - Lesnoy
MIRAGE - 07/31/91 - Kurgan
ROSSY - 01/14/91 - Ekaterinburg
GRAD - 03/19/91 - Tyumen
NORTH - 09.09.99 - Surgut
URAL - 01/09/91 - Chelyabinsk
VORTEX - 12.22.93 - Sosva
SOBOL - 03.22.93 - Tavda
WOLVERINE - 12/01/2008 - Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
EDELWEISS - 04/05/93 - Republic of Gorny Altai
SAGITTARIUS - 07/11/91 - Ulan-Ude
HURRICANE - 06.18.91 - Irkutsk
KODAR - 02.26.91 - Chita
LEGION - 04/17/91 - Barnaul
ERMAK - 02.21.91 - Krasnoyarsk
KEDR - 05/09/91 - Kemerovo
VIKING - 02/12/91 - Omsk
CORSAIR - 09/14/91 - Novosibirsk
SIBERIA - 02.12.91 - Tomsk
IRBIS - 06.06.91 - Kyzyl
OMEGA - 06.11.91 - Abakan
SHIELD - 02.25.91 - N. Poyma
EAST - 04/01/92 - Blagoveshchensk
SHADOW - 02.26.93 - Birobidzhan
LEADER - 08.22.92 - Vladivostok
POLAR WOLF - 05.27.91 - Magadan
MIRAGE - 04.04.91 - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
AMUR - 02.12.91 - Khabarovsk
POLAR BEAR - 05.05.92 - Yakutsk
BERKUT - 03/31/93 - Kamchatka
Interregional training center for training employees of special purpose departments "Krasnaya Polyana" Sochi - training of special forces of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and other law enforcement agencies to carry out operational combat missions in mountains and other special conditions. Created on August 29, 2001. Official website: www.mucsn-fsin.ru