“Cypress” owes its appearance to a competition on the theme “Bush” for a compact submachine gun, which took place in the early 1970s. The Soviet army was interested in replacing the APS pistol with a more effective model - a full-fledged submachine gun, but a compact one, since it was supposed to go into service primarily with special forces.
The Tula TsKIB SOO also submitted its sample to the competition. N.M. Afanasyev was appointed chief designer of the submachine gun. Nikolai Mikhailovich himself had sufficient experience in design work, including on samples of small arms, but during development it was decided to take the Czechoslovak-made Scorpion Vz.61 submachine gun of the 1961 model as a basis. However, according to the terms of the competition, the cartridge should have been used not 7.62x17, but 9x18 - from a Makarov pistol.
The borrowing had an impact, first of all, on the general layout, which was not so typical for the Soviet weapons school. In particular, the OTs-02 “Cypress” has a one-piece, non-removable receiver cover. When disassembling the sample, the upper part of the receiver with the short (only 156 mm) barrel built into it is simply folded back. The receiver cover thus turned out to be solid and non-removable, which made it possible to secure the sighting devices as far as possible from each other. Sights: an adjustable front sight at the end of the barrel, and on the back of the receiver there is a sector sight with a drum (cam) from an APS pistol. The use of additional sighting devices is not provided, but an LTSU-K laser target designator can be attached under the barrel.
Photo: zonwar.ru
The OTs-02 Cypress automatic system operates on the blowback recoil principle. The shot occurs with the shutter closed, which, in principle, has a positive effect on accuracy. To cock the bolt there is a lever on the right side of the receiver. The massive body of the bolt occupies the entire length of the slot of the cocking lever - a special cover is actually not needed.
The hammer-type trigger mechanism is made in the form of a separate block; during disassembly, it is removed entirely. A mechanical retarder of the rate of fire is mounted in the rear part of the body of this mechanism. It operates as follows: after the shot, the free shutter moves backward and, not reaching 3.5-4 mm to its rearmost position, hits the retarder buffer and is placed on a special latch until the spring-loaded retarder of the buffer device completes its cycle movement and will not release the bolt from the latch. Only after such a delay is the bolt released and, under the action of the return spring, moves forward at a stable speed. When 2-3 mm remains to the front extreme position, the shutter releases the self-timer, the trigger strikes the primer, and a shot occurs. To reduce the rebound of the bolt after an impact in the front extreme position, an inertial liner is placed in it, which after the impact still continues to move forward and thereby reduces the rebound. Thus, it was possible to reduce the rate of fire to reasonable values - approximately 800 rounds per minute.
The fuse, which is also the fire mode translator, is located only on the left side of the receiver, which makes it somewhat difficult to switch fire modes during shooting. There are three positions of the translator: upper - safety, middle - fire with single shots, and lower - automatic fire. The OTs-02 “Cypress” is fed from straight double-row magazines with a capacity of 20 or 30 rounds.
Photo: zonwar.ru
The stock OTs-02 "Cypress" is stamped from a steel sheet, folding - folds forward and upward.
The "Bush" competition did not provide the Armed Forces with a new submachine gun. All developments participating in the competition were, as they say, shelved. They remembered the OTs-02 “Cypress” only in the early 1990s, when the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation required a compact submachine gun. In 1995, the OTs-02 "Cypress" was put into service, and became one of four types of submachine guns used by the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, but was never widely used or produced.
Since 1949, into service Soviet army began to arrive the new kind weapons - machine guns chambered for the 7.62 mm cartridge of the 1943 model - the so-called “intermediate”. In this regard, submachine guns, which played an extremely important role in the Great Patriotic War, were withdrawn from military use and consigned to oblivion for a long time. But life has shown that automatic, or, according to some classifications, self-firing (as opposed to self-loading), weapons chambered for a pistol cartridge can still have their niche in our time. Therefore, in the early 1970s, as a result of work on the competitive theme “Bouquet,” we received the first samples of a new generation of submachine guns chambered for the 9x18 mm PM cartridge. One of them was a submachine gun OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217), developed by the leading designer of the Tula TsKIB SOO Hero Socialist Labor N.M. Afanasyev, who previously created rapid-fire aircraft weapons - heavy machine gun A-12.7 and, together with N.M. Makarov, an AM-23 air cannon. However, OTs-02 “Cypress” began to be produced only in 1992 for units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
The fact is that the “Bouquet” theme was soon supplanted by the “Modern” theme, the impetus for the development of which was the work of TsNIITOCHMASH researcher P.A. Tkachev. The designer proved that on the basis of a 5.4 mm machine gun cartridge, light machine guns can be created that are practically no different in weight from submachine guns. The “Modern” theme ended with the creation of the AKS-74U assault rifle in Izhevsk. Due to the desire for maximum unification with the full-size AK-74, this weapon acquired a rather ugly appearance. Despite the fact that the AKS-74U, produced in large quantities, came into service with many law enforcement agencies, by the beginning of the 1990s, the Ministry of Internal Affairs considered it expedient to return to submachine guns. Later, the army also became interested in these weapons. As a result, by the beginning of the 2000s, the gunsmiths of Tula, Kovrov and Izhevsk had produced many models of submachine guns, fiercely competing with each other.
Submachine gun OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217) is a personal weapon of attack and defense, belonging to the class of light submachine guns. Its automatic operation, like that of almost all submachine guns, is based on the free-breech operating principle. In other words, the barrel bore is locked by an inertial bolt. However, unlike the vast majority of types of these weapons, it fires from the front sear, and the primer of the cartridge sent into the chamber is broken by the trigger mechanism. This allows you to fire a well-aimed first shot and significantly reduce the spread of hits when firing with single fire compared to weapons where shooting is carried out from the rear sear.
The next feature of the OTs-02 “Cypress” submachine gun (TKB-0217) is the presence of a device that slows down the rate of fire due to the bolt being in the rearmost position. According to research by English gunsmiths, the optimal rate of fire is about 450 rounds per minute, which makes it easy to control the weapon. But technically this is difficult to achieve. For example, the Israeli Micro-Uzi has 1250 rpm, the American Ingrem has 1200 rpm, and the Izhevsk Klin has up to 1200 rpm. This rate of fire negatively affects both the controllability of the weapon and the dispersion of hits. Next feature OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217) is the presence of an anti-rebound mechanism, which is a massive inertial body that moves freely in the shutter cavity.
The general layout of the submachine gun is the same as that of the Czechoslovak Scorpion submachine gun, known since the early 60s of the last century. This arrangement is characterized by the location of the fire control handle at the butt plate of the bolt box, the magazine in front of the trigger guard and the shoulder rest, which is placed by turning up and down on the top of the bolt box cover. The trigger mechanism is made in the form of a separate assembly, hingedly connected to the bolt box. The cocking handle is located on the right. On the left side of the bolt box there is a safety switch for the fire mode, allowing convenient control with the thumb of the right hand.
Sights consist of a two-position rear sight for shooting at distances of 25 and 75 meters, mounted on the rear of the bolt box, and a front sight. The part of the barrel protruding forward from the bolt box is smooth and cylindrical. It does not have a muzzle compensating, brake or flash suppressor attachment. It can be fitted with a silencer for low-noise and low-flame shooting. When installing a muffler, the front sight automatically rises. The cartridges are fed from straight box magazines with a capacity of 10, 20 and 30 rounds with their staggered arrangement and double-row exit. Spent cartridges are reflected upwards. When the cartridges are used up, the bolt stops in the rear position at the bolt stop. On the left side of the submachine gun body there are two swivels for the shoulder strap.
There is a variant of the submachine gun with a built-in silencer and a laser designator specially developed for it.
When shooting from a submachine gun OTs-02 "Cypress" (TKB-0217) with 9x18 mm 7N25 cartridges developed at KBP (which have the same ballistic impulse as the PM pistol cartridges), the penetration characteristics of solid obstacles at distances of up to 50 meters are higher than those of similar weapons chambered for the 9x19 “Parabellum” cartridge.
Performance characteristics of OTs-02 “Cypress” (TKB-0217)
Weight, kg:
1.6 (with 30-round magazine, without silencer and laser designator)
2.1 (with 20-round magazine, silencer and laser designator)
Length, mm: 730/452 (with stock extended/folded)
Barrel length, mm: 156
Cartridge: 9?18 mm PM
Caliber, mm: 9
Rate of fire, rounds/min: 900–1050
Initial bullet speed, m/s: 335
Sighting range, m: 75
Type of ammunition: magazine for 10, 20 or 30 rounds
"Cypress" is a personal weapon of attack and defense, designed to engage targets with single and automatic fire in conditions requiring silent and flameless shooting. It is in service with the internal affairs bodies and units of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
The Czech Scorpion was taken as the basis for the Cypress submachine gun. The design has been significantly improved. "Cypress" was created for the standard 9x18 mm cartridge according to the traditional design - with the magazine located in front of the trigger guard. Automation is based on the recoil of the free shutter. The barrel (resource - 6000 shots) with the bolt box is hingedly connected to the body of the trigger mechanism and, when disassembled, folds down, opening the bolt.
The automatic operation of the submachine gun works by using the recoil of the free bolt. Its trigger mechanism allows for both single and automatic fire. The cartridges are fed from a box magazine located in front of the trigger guard. To increase stability when shooting, a folding stock is used, which in the stowed position is placed on top of the receiver.
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Description of large-caliber submachine guns
The open-type sight provides targeted shooting at a distance of up to 75 m. The submachine gun has a non-automatic safety blocking the trigger and bolt. 9mm PM cartridges are used for shooting. A silencer can be mounted on the barrel of a submachine gun.
The magazines are similar to the Klin, their capacity is 10, 20 and 30 rounds. When shooting from a rest without a stock at a distance of 25 m, bullets from one burst are placed in a circle with a radius of 67 mm, and most of the hits are 28 mm. In terms of ease of handling and shooting accuracy, the Cypress is superior to the Klin. But "Cypress" has many milled parts, so its production is more expensive than the "stamped" "Wedge". This was one of the reasons for the adoption of the “Klin” into service. As befits Russian weapons, “Klin” and “Kiparis” are reliable, easy to disassemble and clean. Height with a magazine for 20 rounds is 172 mm, for 30 rounds - 226 mm.
AEK-919K submachine gun
The 9-mm AEK 919K submachine gun is designed to suppress and destroy enemy personnel at ranges of up to 100 m.
Product designation: "AEK 919K".
Scope of application: Weapons special units, performing combat missions and ensuring the defeat and suppression of manpower.
A submachine gun is an automatic weapon in which locking the barrel, firing a shot, removing and reflecting a spent cartridge case from the chamber, feeding a cartridge from the magazine and sending a cartridge into the chamber are carried out automatically.
The operation of the automation is based on the use of the energy of powder gases acting through the bottom of the cartridge case on the bolt, which has no connection with the barrel (the recoil principle of the free bolt). The bolt moves by inertia into recoil, compressing the spring, removing the cartridge case from the chamber, which is removed using a reflector. As it rolls forward, the bolt captures the next cartridge from the magazine, sends it into the chamber and locks the barrel with its mass.
The capsule is broken by a striker made on the bolt.
The trigger mechanism allows firing in automatic and single fire modes.
To conduct automatic fire, you must set the translator to the " " position.
In this case, shooting will continue as long as the trigger is pressed or until the cartridges in the magazine are used up.
To fire a single fire, you must set the translator to the " " position. In this case, when you press the trigger, only one shot is fired. To fire the next shot, you must release and press the trigger again.
General structure and operation of submachine gun parts
The trigger box serves to connect all parts and mechanisms of the submachine gun.
The reloading handle serves to cock the bolt and is also a safety device against accidental shooting.
The receiver box is used to accommodate parts and mechanisms that ensure the operation of the submachine gun.
The moving parts are designed to feed the cartridge, lock the barrel bore, fire a shot, reflect the cartridge case and consist of a bolt, ejector, ejector spring, guide rod with a return spring and a reflector rod.
The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet; inside it has a channel with four polygonal rifling and a chamber made with two grooves to facilitate chambering of the cartridge.
The magazine is used to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver to the ramming line.
The bushing is used to secure the barrel and the receiver with the trigger box. The end of the bushing has teeth that protect the bushing from spontaneously unraveling during shooting.
A low-noise firing device (LSD) is used to reduce the sound level of firing.
Incomplete disassembly of a submachine gun
Disassembly of a submachine gun can be incomplete or complete:
- incomplete - for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the submachine gun;
- full - for cleaning when the submachine gun is heavily soiled, after it has been exposed to rain or snow and during repairs.
Excessively frequent disassembly of a submachine gun is harmful, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.
The submachine gun is disassembled and assembled on a table or clean mat; parts and mechanisms are placed in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, do not put one part on top of another and do not use excessive force or sharp blows.
Training in disassembly and assembly on combat submachine guns is permitted with special care in handling parts and mechanisms.
The procedure for incomplete disassembly of a submachine gun
1.Keep the weapon in a safe direction;
2.Hold the submachine gun by the handle, press the magazine latch and remove the magazine from the trigger box handle.
3. Before disassembling the submachine gun, you must make sure that there is no cartridge in the chamber, to do this, turn off the safety, use the reloading handle to move the bolt back 20-30 cm, and inspect the chamber. If there is a cartridge in the chamber, holding the bolt by the reloading handle in the retracted position, remove the cartridge from the chamber by shaking the submachine gun or by picking up the rim of the cartridge case with a screwdriver from the accessory
4.Pull the butt out of the receiver until it stops;
5. Rotate the shoulder rest of the butt 180° down.
6. Holding the rods and simultaneously pressing the return mechanism button, turn the butt plate up and remove the moving parts from the receiver;
7.Press the lock back and unscrew the threaded bushing;
8. Separate the trunk;
9. Holding the trigger box by the handle, with your right hand, move the receiver backwards;
10. Remove the reloading handle from the groove of the receiver.
The procedure for assembling a submachine gun after partial disassembly
1.Insert the reloading handle into the groove of the receiver so that the plug for the reloading handle is flush and without distortion with the front wall of the receiver coupling;
2. Insert the receiver into the trigger box so that the threaded part of the coupling fits into the hole in the front wall of the trigger box, and the bend of the bracket into the groove at the rear end of the trigger box;
3. Insert the barrel all the way into the mounting hole of the receiver, orienting it along the flat on the barrel collar and the receiver coupling;
4. Screw the threaded bushing onto the receiver until it stops, while squeezing the lock;
5. Holding the submachine gun by the handle and pressing the trigger, insert the moving parts and, pushing in the return mechanism button, turn the butt plate so that the return mechanism button enters the hole in the butt plate;
7. Holding the submachine gun by the handle, insert the magazine into the trigger handle window so that the latch slides over the magazine’s support ledge.
Submachine gun "Bison"
The Bison submachine gun was developed by the design team of the Izhmash plant, headed by V. M. Kalashnikov, the son of the famous designer of the AK assault rifle. The Bison uses the principle of inertial locking and a hammer strike mechanism (which potentially increases the accuracy of the weapon) and has a number of unusual features.
American top-class professional in the field of weapons journalism P. D. Kokalis wrote: “The very first thing that catches the eye is what appears to be a grenade launcher mounted under a shortened AK.” Indeed, the Bison has only 60 percent interchangeability with the AK 101 series assault rifles.
This makes production cheaper. It is designed for the standard 9x18 mm Makarov pistol cartridge, as well as for the new high-impulse cartridge of the same caliber. And what makes the “Bison” similar to a grenade launcher is a unique auger-type magazine with 64 rounds (the number is a multiple of 16, since PM cartridges are stored in packs of 16 pieces). The Bison store is reminiscent of the American-designed Calico store. The cartridges in it are oriented with bullets forward and cannot be loaded incorrectly.
"Bison" is a very light and compact weapon. With the butt folded, the length of the weapon is only 425 mm. With the butt folded down, the total length increases to 660 mm. The Bison barrel has 4 right-hand rifling with a pitch of 240 mm. Muzzle device with large rectangular windows on each side, located above the center. It is ineffective as a flash suppressor, but to a certain extent it reduces muzzle kick.
Its main purpose is to protect the muzzle and magazine from damage. The rear sight has two rectangular slots for shooting at 50 and 100 meters. The front sight is borrowed from sniper rifle SVD. It has a cylindrical shape, there is a thread at the lower end, it can be rotated with a special tool for vertical adjustment. One of the most interesting design features of the Bison is the incomplete recoil of the bolt.
When this weapon is fired with a standard Makarov cartridge, the bolt does not reach the butt plate of the receiver. With these cartridges the rate of fire is 700 rounds per minute. The high-pulse Makarov cartridge accelerates the bolt until it hits the buttplate of the receiver. As a result, the rate of fire reaches 650-680 rounds per minute.
Experts note the lightness and compactness of the Bison, excellent handling, low recoil impulse, rate of fire that allows you to control the length of the burst, quite acceptable accuracy and excellent hit probability. Most of the parts unified with the AK provide the Bison with high production efficiency. Its first samples appeared in units performing special tasks.
Performance characteristics:
Submachine gun PP-91 "Kedr"
The prototype was created by Evgeny Dragunov back in the early 70s, which is reflected in the name (KEDR - Design by Evgeny Dragunov). In 1994, the submachine gun was adopted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The weapon is designed for the 9x18 PM cartridge. Automation works by using the recoil energy of the free shutter. The receiver is rectangular, stamped. The 120 mm long barrel is rigidly attached to the receiver, to which are attached a pistol grip, a magazine receiver and a folding stock.
A special feature of the submachine gun is the modular design of components (parts), which allows for its incomplete disassembly without the use of tools: a magazine, a receiver cover, a return spring with a guide, a bolt, a trigger mechanism and a safety switch.
Trigger-type impact mechanism. The location of the hammer axis, the mainspring stop pins and the mainspring guide stop on the hammer are selected in such a way that at the end of cocking the hammer, the force of the mainspring creates a moment that causes the hammer to be pressed away from the bolt. Due to this, a guaranteed gap is created between the bolt and the trigger, eliminating the loss of friction during most of the work cycle.
The safety switch blocks the trigger and pushes the bolt stop into a groove on the bottom plane of the bolt, thereby preventing reloading when the safety is on. The switch-safety flag in this position partially extends into the hole for the index finger formed by the trigger guard, which allows you to determine by touch in the dark whether the weapon is ready to fire. When the translator is in the middle position, single shooting is ensured, in the uppermost position it is automatic.
After all the cartridges are used up, the magazine feeder raises the stop, which locks the bolt in the rear position. A combined rear sight is used, which automatically switches when the butt is moved from the traveling position to the combat position and back. When the butt is folded down, the rear sight shield with diopter rises; when folded, the rear sight shield with a slot rises. This ensures ease of aiming both when shooting from an outstretched arm, and with the butt resting on the shoulder.
Sights are open type. The front sight is mounted on the barrel at the front wall of the receiver, the rear sight is mounted on top of the folding butt attachment.
The weapon is distinguished by good accuracy both in single and automatic fire. At a distance of 25 m, a circle with a radius of 5 mm accommodates 100% of hits when firing single shots and 50% when shooting in short bursts, which ensures guaranteed hit of the target with the first shot (or first burst) at close combat range. Despite the relatively high rate of fire (up to 1004 rounds per minute), it fires in short bursts of 3-4 shots.
A silencer and a laser target designator can be mounted on the weapon.
The "Kedr-2" submachine gun has a magazine placed in a pistol grip similar to an "Uzi"; when firing it is controlled with one hand, and a compensator brake is provided for stability.
Performance characteristics:
Degtyarev submachine guns PPD-34 and PPD-40
PPD-34 is the first submachine gun adopted by the Red Army. Unlike the prototypes of various systems that preceded it, it is designed for a slightly modified 7.62 mm cartridge from a Mauser automatic pistol. The choice of this cartridge was supported by the fact that it was also used in the TT pistol adopted by the Red Army.
In this way, the supply of ammunition to troops was simplified, and the production of barrels for both pistols and submachine guns could be carried out on the same technological equipment. The PPD-34 submachine gun is relatively simple in design. Its action is based on the use of the recoil energy of a free bolt with a stationary barrel.
The pressure of the powder gases at the bottom of the cartridge case provides the bolt with the energy necessary to remove the spent cartridge case from the chamber, release the bolt to its rearmost position, and compress the recoil spring. The movement of the bolt to the forward position, removal of the cartridge from the magazine and its insertion into the chamber is carried out by the action of the recoil spring. The trigger mechanism of the submachine gun ensures firing in single shots and bursts. To switch the fire mode, the trigger mechanism has a corresponding translator. The submachine gun has a striker-type impact mechanism.
Cartridges are fed during firing from a detachable double-row sector magazine with a capacity of 25 rounds, which could be used as a handle when firing. The sighting devices, consisting of a sighting bar with a clamp and a front sight, are designed for firing at a range of 50 to 500 m. The submachine gun did not have a safety lock as a separate part, but thanks to the original design solutions, accidental shots were excluded.
PPD-34 was put into service in 1935 and was produced in small series. Based on the results of its use in units of the Red Army, it underwent modernization in 1938, during which the magazine mounting was improved and some changes were made to the production technology. The modernized model was designated PPD-34/38. The disdainful attitude of the generals of almost all the armies of the world (except Austria and Finland) towards the submachine gun as a type of weapon also manifested itself in the Red Army.
In February 1939, the People's Commissariat of Defense proposed to the country's leadership to stop the production of PPD-34 submachine guns and withdraw them from the troops. The military motivated this proposal by the fact that, in their opinion, the submachine gun was an ineffective weapon and could have only limited use. As a result, the submachine guns were put into warehouses, but their production was maintained to meet the needs of the NKVD border troops.
Attitudes towards submachine guns changed dramatically during Soviet-Finnish war 1939-1940 Impressed by the actions of Finnish submachine gunners armed with Suomi submachine guns, the Red Army command not only used all the PPD-34 submachine guns stored in warehouses and Fedorov submachine guns manufactured back in the 20s, but also organized the delivery by plane to the front of submachine guns available at the border guards. The production of submachine guns was transferred to three-shift work with full use of all equipment.
At the beginning of 1940, another modernization of the PPD-34 submachine gun was carried out, which consisted of adapting it for the use of disk magazines similar to the Finnish Suomi submachine gun. The modernization was carried out on the personal instructions of Stalin, despite the fact that the discs, although they hold almost three times as many cartridges, are bulky and inconvenient to use and are very expensive and labor-intensive to produce.
The urgently developed disk magazine could hold 71 rounds (two rounds more than for the Suomi submachine gun) and was equipped with a cartridge feeding mechanism powered by a special pre-loaded spring. Before the start of production of modernized submachine guns, disc magazines with a special neck were produced for some time, allowing them to be used in all previously produced submachine guns. For the modernized submachine gun, called the "7.62-mm submachine gun of the Degtyarev system model 1940.
(PPD-40) "disc magazines were produced without a neck, since it was equipped with a receiver consisting of front and rear stops that served to secure the magazine. The front stop of the magazine was screwed onto the bolt box and fastened with a pin, and the rear stop was attached to the bolt box with rivets In the groove in the front part of the rear stop there was a spring-loaded latch that secured the magazine.
Just like the previous model, the PPD-40 had an open sector-type sight, which provided targeted shooting at a range of up to 500 m, however, due to the low accuracy of automatic fire and the relatively low power of the pistol cartridge, firing single shots at a range of up to 300 m was most effective and firing in bursts at a distance of up to 200 m. The modernized PPD-40 submachine gun was put into production in February 1940 and was produced until it was replaced in production by the PPSh-41 submachine gun. In 1940, 81.1 thousand PPD-40 were produced, another 5.9 thousand were manufactured in 1941.
Performance characteristics:
Sudaev PPS-42 submachine gun
At field tests conducted from April 26 to May 12, 1942, A.I. Sudaev provided his submachine gun for the first time. In general, it passed the tests, but the commission suggested that the designer modify a number of components, demanded the elimination of the shutter from being cocked during falls, strengthening the fastening of the reflector and strengthening the fuse, reducing the size of the casing, changing the shape of the butt and a number of minor alterations that improve the manufacturing technology of individual parts.
The final field tests of submachine guns took place on July 9-13, 1942. The commission recognized the submachine gun designed by A.I. Sudaeva, the best of all the samples submitted to the competition, also noted that in terms of technological and combat qualities it is significantly superior to the submachine gun of the G.S. system. Shpagina arr. 1941 (PPSh-41). It was considered necessary to urgently supply the A.I. submachine gun. Sudaeva on mass production in order to test the technological process.
Automation of the submachine gun of the A.I. system Sudaev 1942 is based on the principle of blowback. The length of the bolt is 160 mm, the diameter is 29 mm, the shape is cylindrical, the weight is 570 g. In the upper left part of the bolt, from the rear to a depth of 95 mm, a hole with a diameter of 9.5 mm is drilled for a recoil spring with a guide rod.
The shutter handle is located on the right. The trigger mechanism is designed for firing in bursts. The spent cartridge is reflected by a reflector rigidly fixed in the receiver. The trigger box is separated from the receiver and tilted back. The safety locks the bolt in the forward and rear positions.
The fuse handle is round, with a serrated surface, in the center of the head there is a through hole with a diameter of 5 mm. The handle is located on the right side of the front of the trigger guard, but in some examples it is located in a special cutout in the front of the trigger guard.
The length of the safety handle is 28 mm, the diameter of the head is 13 mm. The casing is connected to the receiver by rivet and welding. The diameter of the casing behind the chamber is 33.5 mm, at the muzzle - 25.5 mm. There are 19 holes in the casing for air circulation, hole diameter 11 mm. The lower part of the casing, 20-13 mm wide, is open along the entire length of the casing.
The barrel is equipped with a muzzle brake-compensator. The sight is reversible at two distances. Front sight with safety. The stock is metal, folding, and folds onto the receiver. Butt length 245 mm. The horn-type magazine is detachable and is attached to the neck from below. The cheeks of the fire control handle are wooden. Stamping, welding, and riveting were widely used in the manufacture of submachine gun parts.
The 1943 submachine gun does not have a reflector rigidly mounted in the receiver. Its function is performed by the front part of the guide rod of the recoil spring. The recoil spring with a guide rod is placed in a groove located in the lower left part of the bolt frame.
To strengthen the fastening of the return spring with the guide rod A.I. Sudaev developed an original part - the stop of the return mainspring. It has the shape of a cylinder 28 mm long and 12 mm in diameter with a hole at one end for putting on the guide rod; during assembly, its other end is inserted into a through transverse hole located in the body of the bolt 58 mm from its end. The barrel length has been shortened and the bolt weight has been reduced to 550 g.
The shape of the handle and head of the safety handle has been changed and improved. Handle length 34 mm, diameter 23 mm. The handle is located to the right of the front of the trigger guard. Improved mounting of the folding stock. The butt latch head is located above the receiver in the rear part. The length of the stock has been reduced to 230 mm. There are 20 round holes with a diameter of 14 mm in the casing for air circulation. The receiver and casing are one piece. The trigger mechanism, as in the 1942 model, allows only automatic fire (bursts).
Sudaev submachine gun mod. 1943 received the widest use at the front in airborne and tank forces. It became an indispensable weapon for scouts, skiers, and partisans. The small size of the PPS made it very convenient and maneuverable when conducting combat in trenches, in dense forests, and in buildings. As for the lack of a translator for single fire, Soviet soldiers quickly learned in practice that, having trained, they can fire from the PPS in small bursts (5-6 shots) and even shoot single shots, releasing the trigger immediately after pressing it.
Sudaev system submachine gun mod. 1943 was superior in many respects to foreign models of this type of weapon used during the Second World War. In particular, the MP-40 submachine gun, glorified by the Nazis and in service with the Nazi troops since 1940 as the main model, was significantly inferior to the A.I. submachine gun. Sudaev in many respects.
The MP-40 had an unreliable safety lock, which often caused accidents. The slightest deviation from the cylindricality of the cartridge case, which often happened in wartime production conditions, caused failures during firing. The MP-40 magazine was very sensitive to contamination. Due to the lack of a casing on the MP-40 barrel, soldiers often received burns, so they often had to shoot with gloves.
The MP-40 had a low muzzle velocity. In this regard, when shooting at 200 m, it was necessary to exceed the aiming point above the target by 0.5 m, which made it difficult to hit the target. Due to the low rate of fire from the MP-40, fire further than 125-130 m was not effective, and as for the mass of the weapon, its manufacturability and efficiency, the PPS-43 compared favorably with the MP-40.
The PPS-43 was significantly lighter than the Degtyarev (PPD-40) and Shpagin (PPSh-41) submachine guns, both in the version with a disc and a sector magazine (see table). Possessing excellent combat qualities, the PPS was characterized by high manufacturability with the widespread use of stamping and welding methods, which guaranteed ease of manufacture and rapid development of its production even in small factories equipped with pressing equipment of no more than 50 tons.
PPP was also very economical to produce. So, if the production of one PPS required 13.9 kg of metal and 7.3 machine-hours, then for the PPS it required 6.2 kg of metal and 2.7 machine-hours, i.e. More than two times less metal and three times less machine hours were spent on the Sudaev submachine gun than on the Shpagin submachine gun. Under the conditions of the Great Patriotic War all of the listed advantages of PPP over other samples were extremely important.
Shpagin PPSh-41 submachine gun
Wide and successful combat use submachine guns during the Soviet-Finnish war showed that this is a weapon that in the future, in the event of war, will be needed in larger quantities than any other. In this regard, the task arose to make it even cheaper, simpler and more portable.
In this regard, the designers were tasked with creating a new design for a submachine gun. At the same time, the task was set so that its parts would require almost no machining, and in general the new model should be so simple that, if necessary, its production could be mastered at any machine-building plant.
This problem was brilliantly solved by V. A. Degtyarev’s student, the talented inventor and designer G. S. Shpagin, who at the beginning of 1940 began developing a submachine gun, and in August made a prototype and presented it for factory testing.
PPSh-41 (Submachine gun designed by Shpagin) was created in 1941 and then adopted by the Red Army. The PPSh-41 was a simple and cheap to manufacture wartime weapon, and was produced in significant quantities - in total, about 5 or 6 million PPSh-41s were produced during the war years. Shortly after the war, the PPSh-41 was withdrawn from service with the Soviet Army, but it was widely exported.
Technically, the PPSh is an automatic weapon that operates on the blowback principle. The fire is fired from the rear sear (from the open bolt). The firing pin is fixedly mounted on the shutter mirror. The fire mode switch (single/automatic) is located inside the trigger guard, in front of the trigger, the safety is made in the form of a slider on the cocking handle and locks the bolt in the forward or rear position.
The bolt box and barrel casing are stamped from steel, the front part of the barrel casing protrudes forward beyond the muzzle and serves as a muzzle brake-compensator. The stock is wooden, most often made of birch.
Sights initially included a sector sight and a fixed front sight, later a reversible L-shaped rear sight with settings for 100 and 200 meters.
Early PPSh were equipped with drum magazines for 71 rounds from the PPD-40, however, drum magazines were complex and expensive to manufacture, not very reliable and convenient, and also required individual adjustment to the weapon, so in 1942, carob (box) magazines for 35 were developed cartridges.
The advantages of PPSh include high effective firing range, simplicity and low cost. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting the significant weight and dimensions, as well as the tendency to involuntary shots when falling on a hard surface.
PPSh-41 is one of the best examples of small arms ever invented. At first glance it looks rough, but in reality it is a very reliable weapon that shoots in almost any conditions. The first to produce PPSh in July 1941 was the USSR NKV plant in the city of Zagorsk, Moscow Region, which was originally intended for the production of PPD. In October, due to rapid progress German troops Towards the capital, the plant is evacuated to the city of Vyatskie Polyany, Kirov Region. Another plant that produced drum magazines for PPSh was also evacuated here from the village of Lopasnya near Moscow. G.S. Shpagin was appointed chief designer of this plant, which became the head plant for the production of PPSh for the Red Army. The Vyatskopolyansky Machine-Building Plant worked very closely in cooperation with the Izhevsk metallurgical and machine-building plants, which provided it with metal, barrel blanks, the necessary tools and equipment. During the war, gunsmiths from Vyatskie Polyany produced more than 2 million PPSh-41 pieces.
In total, during the war, Muscovites produced more than 3.5 million submachine guns designed by Shpagin. In just four years of war, the Soviet defense industry produced 5.4 million PPSh-41.
After World War II, PPSh began to be supplied to many countries that were part of the Warsaw Pact, as well as to China, where it played a huge role in the march of millions of Chinese volunteers to Korea. Reliable and durable, these weapons have proven themselves in harsh climates and in the untrained hands of Chinese soldiers. In the 1980s, the PPSh was used by units of the Afghan People's Police, and in 2004, according to some sources, it was used by the American occupiers during the “cleansing” of Fallujah, which once again confirms the reliability of Russian weapons.
Performance characteristics:
The history of this type of small arms goes back a little more than one century, but its development does not stand still to this day. Even after the advent of automatic rifles, it did not lose its significance. IN modern armies And special forces firearms of this type are especially in demand. Russia is one of the first pioneer countries in the development of submachine guns, and a successful project in the field of creating new weapons of this kind can be considered a model called “Cypress”.
Development
"Cypress" was designed in the era of developed socialism. The creation and development of weapons took place throughout the 70s and 80s. XX century under the leadership of Tula gunsmiths headed by N.M. Afanasiev. They took as a basis a Czech submachine gun that had already been developed at that time, but the craftsmen did not simply copy the model, but carried out a deep redesign of the design, which led to the appearance of more advanced small arms. The completion of work on the creation of this prototype occurred in the early 90s of the last century, however, after that it underwent many more modernizations.
appearance
with the butt folded down Purpose of the weapon
The submachine gun is intended for use by internal troops. Since it was more relevant for them due to its simplicity, compactness and the ability to fire at moving objects at a short distance in different modes. For example, in populated areas during special operations. Weapons of this type were not created to replace the main systems of automatic or individual weapons for law enforcement officers, but as a new universal addition to their equipment.
Features of application
The Cypress comes with special ammunition; bullets fired from it have a lower chance of ricochet, which has great importance when firing in confined spaces. Also transferred from Scorpio was the ability to use different types and capacities for both. One of its main disadvantages is the inconvenience of concealed carrying under clothing. The handle has a sharp protrusion and every now and then tries to dig into the body. Therefore, in terms of camouflage, it seriously loses to both Western and other domestic developments. Although, if you choose the right wardrobe, this problem can be solved.
Equipment and additions
Cypress is a Russian weapon that was created for employees of special detachments and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; the configuration and additional units are presented in it in accordance with the requirements of these law enforcement agencies. Among the main indicators, the first place is silent shooting, which is perfectly accomplished by the silencer for which its barrel was designed at the development stage. It is also important to use modern additional means of aimed shooting; the Cypress is equipped with a laser sight, which provides undeniable advantages when used in shaded and smoky rooms.
Note to the table: the firing pin is conical, there are two reflectors; the numerator indicates the length of the weapon with the butt folded, the denominator indicates the length of the weapon with the butt unfolded; the numerator indicates the height of the weapon with a 20-round magazine, the denominator indicates the 30-round magazine; USM provides single and continuous types of fire; The fuse box is located on the left of the receiver.
Markings
The body of the submachine gun, its parts and mechanisms are marked with the following markings:
Track: 1 – ejector hook, 2 – striker, 3 – reflectors (possible swelling on the case body - 4)
conclusions
To summarize, we can conclude that PP "Kiparis" is a good weapon for combat in confined spaces of the urban environment and conducting special operations in populated areas. Possessing the potential for effective use in terms of compactness, reliability, range and accuracy of fire, compatibility with modern systems aiming and using a silencer for silent shooting. As for the shortcomings, these are just minor omissions of the designers. One way or another, experts still consider it the best among the created submachine guns in the entire history of this type firearms V modern history Russia, and a worthy representative of its family among Western developments.
Characteristics
Caliber: 9x18 mm PM
Weight: 1.57 kg without magazine
Length: 590 / 317 mm
Barrel length: 156 mm
Rate of fire: 900 rounds per minute
The shops: box-shaped, double-row, 20 or 30 rounds
Effective firing range: 100-150 meters
The OTs-02 "Cypress" submachine gun was developed by designer Afanasyev in the 1970s at the Tula Central Design Bureau of the Sports and Hunting Weapon(TsKIB SOO) commissioned by the USSR Ministry of Defense. However, at that time the topic of submachine guns did not receive development, and the design fell “on the shelf” until the early 1990s, when, by order of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, work on submachine guns was resumed. In 1995, the OTs-02 "Cypress" submachine gun was adopted by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is currently applied law enforcement agencies Russian Federation.
The OTs-02 submachine gun is built on the basis of automatic blowback action. Shooting is carried out from a closed bolt. OTs-02 has a trigger mechanism that provides both automatic fire and single-shot fire. The fire mode switch fuse is located on the left side of the receiver, above the trigger guard. The receiver is made of stamped steel. The OTs-02 is equipped with a shoulder rest that folds up and forward, and can also be equipped with a laser target designator and a removable shot silencer.
