Large-caliber machine guns World War II. Weapons of World War II (Germans). Browning machine gun M1919A6.

Machine guns

Machine guns

The American Armed Forces Some of the first applied a new one at the time of the Weapons - ML895 Machine Machine guns - even during the Spanish-American War of 1898, in battles in Cuba for Guantanamo. This weapon rather unsuccessful design has become the first machine gun adopted by the US Army. They came to replace the weapon J.M.Brauning, who created a successful machine gun "Browning" ML917, which has become the main means of fire support for infantry units for many decades. His automation worked on the principle of using the recoil with the short progress. Locking was made by a wedge in the vertical plane. Shock mechanism of drummer type. The trigger allowed only a continuous fire. The handle of the fire control of the pistol type. Cooling trunk water. Food with cartridges was carried out of a canvas tape for 250 ammunition. The machine gun was mounted on a tripod machine.

Already the first combat use of the Machine Machine "Browning" 917 revealed its numerous advantages over other samples of such weapons. The merits of this machine gun believed the reliability of work in difficult conditions, simplicity of design, ease of operation. Browning machine guns ML917 were produced by Remington Arms-Union Metallic Cartridge Co, Colt "S Patent Firearms MFG CO and New England Westinghouse Co.

In the early 1920s "Browning" M1917 was subjected to some changes, and in 1936, Arsenal in Rock Island conducted his deep modernization to adapt the design in accordance with the requirements of time. "Modified" Browning "M1917A1 differed from its predecessor to a significant simplification of manufacturing technology, improved receiver, Sight with the mechanism of lateral amendments, as well as a scale designed for shooting a light and heavy bullet. A tripod machine gun was facilitated.

War demanded a multiple increase in the production of small arms, incl. and machine guns, so in 1941-1942. "Browning" was again simplified and cheaper. All bronze flew of the boron box had to be replaced with steel, the changes were made to the assembly of the helm cover, in the housing pipe of the casing, into the population; To increase the survivability of the barrel, the cartridge began to chromium. Trenog M1917A1 was replaced with a new universal machine M1, which allowed the shooting of both ground and aerial targets.

However, even after all modernization, Rock Island Arsenal was able to produce in 1936-1944. Just a small number of machine guns "Browning" M1917A1, since this weapon, despite numerous advantages, represented by that time a morally outdated design, which was contributed to a large mass (in a combat position of 41.3 kg), as well as water cooling.

The army strongly needed a new, more perfect model of such weapons. To this end, at the beginning of the thirties in the United States, large R & D on the creation of machine machine guns was deployed. They were conducted in two directions - by upgrading existing samples and create qualitatively new models. Long polygon I. military Testing The undoubted advantages of the light machine gun "Browning" M1919A4 have revealed, in its device similar to "Browning" M1917A1, except for the presence of perforated housing of the weighty air cooling trunk, some changes in the design of the shock-trigger mechanism, the introduction of the safety bar on the helm of the shutter in the rear Position and other sighting devices. The machine gun was mounted on a mong m2 lightweight.

Machine machine gun "Browning" M1917A1 .30 caliber, early option
Machine machine gun "Browning" ML919 A4 .30 Caliber on a lightweight TRAPHER M2
Tank machine gun "Browning" M1919A5
Manual machine gun "Brownig" M1919 A6 .30 Caliber - another version of the machine gun M1919A4
Manual machine gun "Brownig" ML922 .30 Caliber was converted from an automatic rifle Bar M1918
Manual machine gun "Brownig" ML918A1 .30 Caliber was adopted in 1937
Handmade machine gun "Browning" M1918 A2 .30 Caliber with an additional focus at the bottom of the butt
Handmade machine gun "Browning" M1918 A2 with wooden butt
Manual machine gun "Browning" M1918 A2 with a plastic butt (late version)
Machine machine gun "Browning" ML921 A1 .50 caliber	Machine machine gun "Brownig" ML 921 on an anti-aircraft tumb
Machinum machine gun "Browning" M2 HB.50 Caliber on a lightweight MW TRAPHER
Manual machine gun "Johnson" ML941 .30 Caliber was adopted for the armament of the corps of the marines and parts of the special purpose
Large-caliber quadruple machine-gun installation, mounted on zsu ML6
Aviation machine gun An-M2 .30 Caliber, Tourlet version
Aviation large-caliber machine gun M2 NV
Aviation large-caliber machine gun AN-M3

Machine guns "Browning" M1919A4 belong to one of the most massive samples of American weapons. Over the years of World War II, 438971 machine gun of this model was manufactured in the United States. Powerful and fairly lightweight, with a total weight of 20 kg, he successfully fits into the system of small arms of the American army, although it was completely so possible to push the "Browning" machine guns M1917A1.

The emergence of a new type of light machine guns led to the separation of tasks assigned to this weapon. If "Browning" M1917A1 remained as the main fire in the battalion in the rod of heavy weapons (consisting of a platoon of heavy machine guns and mortar platoon), then the "Browning" machine guns M1919A4 were reduced to weapons platoon in infantry companies.

In 1941, as a result of the next modernization, a tank version of this weapon appeared - "Browning" M1919A5, intended for armament of light tanks of MZ Stewart. From its predecessor M1919A5 was different only by a different shooting mechanism.

In 1942, in North Africa, the Americans first encountered the German single machine guns MG.34 and MG.42, which could be used both in manual and in the machine versions. It is right to catch the tendency to further improve machine-gun weapons, American gunsmiths tried to solve this problem, but by the smallest resistance - adapting regular samples of their weapons for such purposes.

Sea infantry with M1917 A1 machine gun M1917 A1 on fire position on Saipan Island

Infantryman with machine gun "Browning" ML917 A1. Italy. 1943

Calculation of the machine gun "Browning" M1917 A1 leads a fight in the city. Italy. 1944

American "Gi-ah" with the machine gun "Browning" M1919 A4 on position. France. 1944

Calculation of the machine gun "Browning" M1919 A4. Germany. January 1945

Sea infantryman leads a fight with a manual machine gun "Browning" M1918 A2 (sushka removed)

Machine gun calculation, armed with manual machine gun "Browning" M1918 A2 and a self-loading rifle "Garant" ML

American machine gunner leads fire from manual machine gun "Browning" ML 918 A2. Burma. 1944

The browning machine gun "Browning" M2NV, mounted on the Jeep of the US Army Military Police. Germany. 1945

Complex anti-aircraft strollery multifunctional self-propelled installation ML5 on march in Normandy. France. July. 1944

Paired machine gun unit large-caliber machine guns An-M2, mounted on the US Navy Boat

Structurally, the new single machine gun "Browning" M1919A6 was a M1919A4 machine gun, but with a slight barrel with a slotted plane sensor, an increased shooting pace, carrying handle, as well as removable butt and two-legged compound. In the embodiment, M1919A6 served as a manual machine gun, and with a tripod machine M2, it turned into a machine. Standardization of one sample as multipurpose weapons (manual, machine, tank and aviation machine guns) promised significant benefits in simplifying and cheating by their production, operation and training of personnel. However, the Browning machine gun M1919A6 was extremely unsuccessful. In the version of the hand-held machine gun with a compass and ribbon, it weighed 25 kg, which was completely unacceptable in battle. By the time of his appearance, the idea of \u200b\u200balteration of the machine gunner in the manual was already an anachronism, because During World War I, the Germans, converting their "Maxim" MG.08 in MG.08 / 15 and MG.08 / 18, convincingly proved that this path leads to a dead end. But, despite someone else's negative experience, the Browning machine gun M191A6 in April 1943 was adopted by the US Army as a spare table of a machine gun. Until the end of the war, the American army received 43479 "Browning" machine guns M1919A6, used mainly in the turning link.

Along with the machine guns during the war in the Armed Forces of the United States, the manual machine guns created on the basis of the automatic rifle are widespread. Browning Bar M1918. Already in 1922, COLT "S Patent Firearms MFG Co CO conducted the first modernization of this rifle, converting it in a manual machine gun" Browning "M1922, which was intended for armament of the cavalry parts. From his prototype, he was distinguished by a heavy trunk with transverse cooling ribs, a return spring. , placed in the goal, the presence of a two-legged bustle and an additional stop, fixed on the butt, as well as a new frame sight with a side amendment mechanism. Notechnology of production and a high cost have become the main obstacle to the re-equipment of the entire American army with these weapons. Therefore, when in the late thirties. The American army received new, more efficient samples of manual machine guns, "Browning" M1922 were declared outdated, they were seized from linear parts and transferred to the National Guard.

During World War II, the Americans also used them as a weapon of a limited standard in educational units ground Forces. The appearance at the beginning of the thirties in potential opponents of the new designs of manual machine guns contributed to improving interest in them and in the United States themselves. The need to equip its army by a more effective example of such a machine gun forced American gunsmiths in 1936-37. Conduct intensive work on the implementation of the program for creating a weapon of fire support.
The result of these works was the further development of "Browning" Bar M1918 - a manual machine gun of caliber .30 Bar M1918A1, adopted in 1937. From the rifle, it was distinguished by a heavier barrel without cooling ribs, fastening the tower on a gas chamber, a hinged shoulder shoe, hinged on Cockout. Its shock-trigger mechanism, as well as in M1918, provided the maintenance of two types of fire, but the efficient automatic fire for weapons of this type was contained by the small capacity of the 20-charger store. The new machine gun was quite successful. The simplicity of its design led to high service-performance characteristics, so the disadvantages include only an excessive mass (9.06 kg with a filled shop) and a non-permanent trunk, to some extent, limiting the duration of the fire due to heating during firing.

The deployment of the mass army in connection with the beginning of World War II demanded an increase in the production of this weapon, which, in turn, demanded some simplification and cheapening of its design. Therefore, in 1940 its upgraded version of Bar M1918A2 appears, which, unlike Bar M1918A1, was produced in simplified technology adapted to war times, i.e. With a conscious deterioration of its quality, a considerable extent that influenced the decline in combat and service characteristics. In his design, for the first time in American weapons, cast details were used, incl. receiver; The telescopic tower received salad-type shoes and was now attached directly to the flamesector, the Tsevier and Shoulders were shortened. Store latch to protect against mechanical damage received steel shields installed before the trigger. At the bottom of the butt, as before, there was a hole for attaching an additional stop. A feature of the new modification of the manual machine gun was the absence of the possibility of maintaining a single fire. The shock-triggering mechanism due to the retarder provided two automatic fire modes - high with a shooting pace 500 - 600 SECURITY / MIN and Low - 300 - 450 SECURITY / MIN. A similar constructive solution caused a lot of complaints from troops to this weapon. It even came to the point that the command of the Marine Corps was ordered to alteration in the field workshops of the shock-trigger mechanisms of their BAR M1918A2 machine guns, i.e. In fact, they returned to the initial model M1918A1. At the end of the war, wooden buttons on the hand-held machine guns Bar M1918A2 were replaced with plastic. During the war, Browning machine guns of both models M1918A1 and M1918A2 were widely and effectively used by American troops at all theaters of hostilities as the main manual machine gun, deservedly gaining popularity among front-line. In 1940-1945 IBM and New England Small Arms Corp. Made for the US Armed Forces and their allies more than 300,000 Hand guns "Browning" Bar ML918A2.

The opposition to the leadership of the land forces and naval forces caused not one interesting design of automatic small arms, incl. contributed to the creation of new manual machine guns.

So, back in 1936-1938. M.jonson based on his self-loading rifle designed the original manual machine gun, which was automatically operated on the principle of using the return with a short trunk progress. Locking was carried out by turning the shutter fighting larva. The shock-trigger mechanism ensured the maintenance of two types of fire, and the peculiarity of its design was that when conducting continuous fire, the machine gun shot from the rear whispered, and when the fire was carried out with single shots - from the front, which significantly contributed to the increase in the accuracy of the battle. Adjusting the length of the buffer spring allowed a change in the shooting rate from 300 to 900 duct / min. To improve sustainability with automatic shooting, the Johnson's applier was located on a single axis with a barrel, and the aiming devices for the purpose of greater convenience during shooting - raised. A boxed capacity of 20 cartridges was mounted on the left to the trunks. In addition, the store could equip and without his removal, directly from the standard five-chain rifle rifle. To increase the technological, and, accordingly, the decrease in cost in the manufacture of weapons affected the fact that part of the parts was carried out by traditional methods of machine-making metalworking, and part of the method of stamping. During the long tests, the Johnson manual machine gun showed himself a worthy rival "Browning" Bar M1918A1, especially since it was easier for 3 kg, shorter at 127 mm, and more comfortable when shooting. However, the corporate interests of the ground troops turned all his advantages, and the Johnson machine gun was rejected.

In early 1941, the Dutch army in Indonesia made an order from Cranston Arms CO in Pros-Vidanse for the manufacture of 5000 manual machine guns Johnson. But the sudden occupation by the Japanese of the Dutch India led to the fact that the executed order turned out to be unclaimed. As a result, the US Navy command bought the entire order from the company (along with Johnson's self-charged rifles ML941) and adopted machine guns for military infantry under the ML941 index.

Some number of M1941 - Easy and more compact than regular "Browning" Bar M1918A1, "received special parts of the Rangers, intelligence and divergent landing units, as well as sabotage groups of the UCU. Johnson's machine guns throughout the war were used by American marines in battles in the Pacific, and some units "Rangers" - and in hostilities in North Africa, on the Mediterranean and in Italy. They have proven themselves with simple and effective weapons, but the choice of an automation system that requires constant thorough care, was not entirely successful, especially when operating in difficult conditions (jungle, desert, swamps, etc.).

The emergence of the newest samples of military equipment on the fields of battles of the First World War made the opposing parties to look for adequate tools of opposition. To combat tanks and aviation of the opponent of the American army, a new weapon was required. Already in 1917, J. M. Bauning commissioned by General Permshada began to design a large-caliber machine gun, taking as a basis for its machine gun "Browning" M 1917 with water-cooled. In November 1918, WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS was collected by the first large-caliber machine gun "Browning" caliber.50 (12.7 mm). After a series of improvements, he was adopted by the US Army as a zenith and aircraft gun with water-cooled under the index "Browning" ML921.

The automation of weapons worked on the principle of using the energy of rollback with the short course of the trunk. The peculiarity of this weapon is the presence of a hydraulic (oil) shock absorber and a jacket spring, the possibility of using both the intricate and metal machine-gun tape, as well as the installation of a receiver with a two-sided feed.

Operation of this weapon over several years opened a number of weaknesses in its design. Therefore, in 1926-1930. The large-caliber machine gun "Browning" M1921 has undergone deep upgrades. Since 1933, an improved weapon was applied under the designation M1921A1 (subsequently better known as "browning" ..50m2). From its predecessor, it was distinguished by the modified design of the trigger (lack of the grinding handles, replaced by a fixture for controlling the trigger, placed on the cradle of the machine and the machine gun itself), as well as a coercive water circulation system in the cooling casing. For greater efficiency of airflows on air targets, M2 machine guns were used in the Navy as paired or quad zenitary plants.

For use in the ground machines "Browning" M2 for them, a special folding tripod set was developed. This weapon during the Second World War was one of the fixed assets of military air defense in the United States Armed Forces.

At the same time, a significant mass of this weapon (236 kg) and the water cooling of the trunk could not arrange land forces in need of mosper, but at the same time relatively light and reliable large-caliber machine gun.

Therefore, in 1936, the artillery and technical administration of the US Army began to conduct new works on the modernization of "Browning" M2 and its machines. Soon for the cavalry, an air-cooled machine gun was developed, which received the T2 index. It had a more massive and elongated to 45 inches (230 mm longer compared to M1921A1) a trunk with transverse cooling edges, which made it possible to significantly increase the initial velocity of the bullet (from 785 to 884 m / s) and to some extent to reduce the muzzle flame at some extent Shooting. The rejection of the hydraulic (oil) shock absorber led to the fact that the braking of the moving parts after the shot was now produced by the spring spring and the return spring, since the speed of rolling back of the moving parts was reduced. Modernized "Browning" received the designation M2NV (HB - "heavy trunk").

To the peculiarities of this weapon, in addition to the changes listed, it was also the fact that the heated barrel admitted a quick replacement without disassembling machine gun, which was extremely important in real combat conditions. In the design of the machine gun M2NV, many innovations were made. A switch for duplex feed tape appeared. The charging mechanism with the handle could be installed both with the right and left side. In the population, two triggers were mounted, which provided a single or continuous fire. For firing for terrestrial targets, M2NV was mounted on a lightweight MH rolling machine, structurally similar to machines M2 Browning machine gun M1919A4. With MZ machines, a large-caliber machine gun M2NV was used as a weapon of fire support for infantry.

In addition to the infantry versions of this machine gun, the powerful paired (ML 4) and quad (ML6, ML7) anti-aircraft guns M2NV, with power drives, mounted on half-satellite armored personnel carriers, and power drives, were also admitted to the US Army. Self-propelled installation (ZSS) ML5, consisting of two "Browning" machine guns M2NV and 37-mm anti-aircraft gun M1A1. These zsu, intended to combat low-fat enemy aircraft on the march and in the focus of troops, during the war years showed themselves as an effective means of military air defense, and if necessary, they could also be used to conduct firing for terrestrial legogencies and the clusters of the living force.

Consisting of himself from the best side and being simple and reliable in the operation of weapons, machine guns M2NV, along with infantry and anti-aircraft options, were widely used as onboard weapons for armament of American tanks, BTR and aircraft.

Simultaneously with the infantry weapon, the command of the US Armed Forces paid much attention to the further improvement of aviation small-carrying armament. The rapid growth of the velocities of military aircraft in the thirties demanded the creation of a special aviation machine gun, which would have increased rapidity, had air cooling of the trunk, and also corresponded to more stringent requirements than similar infantry samples, regarding the reliability of work, mass and dimensions. In the early 1930s. Springfield Arsenal began to design on the basis of the machine gun "Browning" M1919A4 Aviation machine gun in the wings, synchronous and turret. After a number of work in the new weapon, it was possible to achieve an increase in the shooting rate (1000 - 1350 duction / min), which was achieved by alleviating the moving parts of automation with simultaneous acceleration of their stroke, as well as using special buffer springs. Aviation machine gun received the AN-M2 designation. Its variants differed among themselves both recharging mechanisms and trigger. Thus, the turchal version was equipped with fire control shutters with a lever-shuttering mechanism. All machine guns of the An-M2 family had a perforated cooker cover of air cooling. In 1930 - early 1940s. This weapon was the basis of the Aviation Rifle-machine-gun weapons of the US Air Force. In significant quantities, the United States was supplied according to Land Lases these machine guns (under the "Colt-browning" index of MG40) as onboard aviation weapons together with aircraft with its allies on the anti-fascist coalition.

However, at the end of the thirties, it became clear that the growth of the high-speed characteristics of the combat aircraft of potential opponents and an increase in their survivability requires a response to the fire relics of their own aviation and anti-aircraft weapons.

The American Air Force received the first aviation large-caliber machine gun "Browning" back in 1921. It was constantly upgraded together with its terrestrial variants M1921A1 and M2 with water cooling of the trunk. Therefore, along with the creation of a modified large-caliber machine gun M2NV, American for the ground forces air Force Also received its aviation option. He also had air cooling of the trunk, but, unlike the prototype, a shock-trigger mechanism with an electric band and the possibility of two-way supply of a metal link tape was installed and the possibility of bilateral supply of the metal link tape with a capacity of 110 ammunis.

Already at the end of the war, a new Aviation large-caliber machine gun An-M3 caliber was made to replace the Aviation version of M2NV, with an enlarged stage of shooting 1150-1250 SC-MIN. It is these machine guns (M2NV and AN-M3), easy to operate and reliable in any working conditions, became real workers of the war, since they armed almost all American combat aircraft of release 1941-1945.

In 1941-1945 FRIGIDAIRE, A.S.Spark Plug, Saginaw, Steering Gear, Brown Lipe-Champan, Savage Arms Co, Colt "S Patent Firearms MFG CO and Buffalo Arms CO manufactured over 2 million large-caliber machine guns M2 of all types - aviation, zenitis with Water cooling, as well as with a heavy trunk.
TTH Pharmalov

Weapon number 6 pp. 16-27

Thanks to the cinema, the Red Army and Wehrmacht earned at least two symbolic types of weapons. For Germany, the Pistol-MP 38/40 gun was such, and for the Soviet Union - PPS. These two PP are incredibly similar, but at the same time absolutely different. From here there is a lawsager question, whose weapons were still better?

"Schmayser" for chosen

The history of the MP 38/40 began long before the Second World War. The legendary submachine gun has become the fruit of the deep modernization of the VMP1925 automaton, created in 1925. Weapon developed was a German gunsmith Henry Folmer. When nazi Germany Began to restore his army for the future conquering campaign, her command remembered the importance of machine gun guns as a very promising type of weapons in the coming war. Then the MP 38/40 appeared. Martial baptism machine passed in Spain. Subsequently, the machine was finalized by another German gunsmith - Hugo Schmisser, in honor of which, in fact, earned a "affectionate" name in Soviet troops.

Despite the fact that the MP 38/40 is tightly rooted in a mass culture. How hardly the only weapon of the soldier of the Wehrmacht, in practice, was not at all. The main weapon of the Ground Forces of Germany was a rifle Mauser 98K. The ratio of rifles and mentioned PP in the troops was approximately 1 to 10 (where 1 is MP 38/40). A gun was used for mostly sabotage, landing, assault units, as well as crews of combat vehicles and security detachments.

"I blindly blind from what was"

Until the Second World War in the Red Army already had its own machine gun. However, he had a number of shortcomings, first of all those who interfered with him really massive. As a result, in 1940, the party instructed to develop on the basis of an already existing PPD close to the design, but at the same time adapted for serial production a gun-machine gun. The task of gunsmiths was to "not drop" the tactical and technical characteristics of the weapon, but at the same time make the machine quite cheap. The legendary PPS was adopted on December 21, 1940.

Unlike the troops of the Wehrmacht, the PPS from the very beginning claimed mass weapons Ground troops. By the way, it was the experience of the Soviet automatic units in the years of World War II, proved the indisputable advantage of infantry completely armed automatic weapons. By the end of the war, about 55% of all the fighters were armed with this type of weapons.

From love to hate

The main disadvantage of the MP 38/40 was the mounted ammunition. 9 × 19 mm Caliber cartridge Parabellum had, to put it mildly, "doubtful" ballistic qualities. The bullet had a small initial speed. By virtue of a large windshield area, it could not step above 400 m / s. This in turn had a negative impact on the effective shooting range.

The second important disadvantage of the MP 38/40 was the ergonomics of weapons. She was far from the best. Added a spoonful of tar and butt. On the one hand, the folding butt did the weapon very compact, which is quite practical. However, the Schmasher's hinge hinge quickly was worn out, and this was negatively reflected on the accuracy of firing under the sighting fire. Finally, the soldiers of the Wehrmacht simply hated their automatic for the banal absence of a trunk casing. It was impossible to take up his hand without a glove after shooting.

But MP 38/40 was still a good weapon. The machine has a simple and reliable design (I did not inferlude Soviet PPS). Many drawbacks were "smoothed" by subsequent modifications during the war years. Used "Schmisser" in different countries Worlds until the 70s of the XX century.

Weapon of Victory

For a number of characteristics of PPS, he began his competitor from Germany. Effective shooting range sought to 200 meters against 100-120 at MP 38/40. The machine gun was much better ergonomics, although it weighed more - 5.3 kg against 4.8 kg in the case of equipped ammunition, and was far from so compact. In speed-fire, the Soviet machine also beat the "colleague" - 1000 shots per minute against 600-900 shots. Weapons should praise for the huge capacity of the selector (drum) store in 71 cartridges. And it was easier to clean it!

Of course, the Soviet automaton had disadvantages. They should be attributed to the complex store replacement, a reliable fuse and an increased risk of an arbitrary shot of weapons in the event of a fall on a solid surface. In the dark, the PPS was much easier to identify according to the characteristic triple dulley flame. Finally, he was very noisy. The fighter on the side of the car gun in 2-3 meters could earn a breakpoint breakpoint.

On May 17, 1718, James Polan patented his gun, which became the prototype of the machine gun. Since then, military engineering thought has passed a considerable way, but the machine guns still remain one of the most terrible types of weapons.

"Packet gun"

Attempts to increase rapidity firearms It was raised repeatedly, but before the emergence of a unitary cartridge failed due to the complexity and unreliability of the structure, an extremely high cost in production and the need to have prepared soldiers, whose skills would have extended significantly beyond the framework of the manipulations with the gun.

One of the many experimental structures and was the so-called "Pakla" rifle. The weapon was a rifle installed on a tripod with a cylinder store with the 11th charges. The calculation of the gun consisted of several people. With coordinated actions of the calculation and the absence of languages, theoretically achieved rate of fire up to 9-10 shots per minute. This system was supposed to be used on small distances in sea battle, but due to unreliability, this weapon did not receive distribution. This system illustrates the desire to increase the firing power of the rifle fire by increasing rapidity.

Machine gun "Lesus"

Manual machine gun "Lewis" was developed in the United States Samuel Mak Maple, and during the First World War was used as a manual and aviation. Despite the impressive weight, the weapon turned out to be quite successful - the machine gun and its modifications were held quite a long time in Britain and its colonies, as well as the USSR.

In our country, the "Lewis" machine guns were used until the Great Patriotic War And noticeable on the chronicle of the parade on November 7, 1941. In domestic artistic films, this weapon is relatively rare, and the frequent imitation of the Lewis machine gun in the form of "disguised subsidiaries of DP-27 is very often present. The genuine machine gun "Lewis" is captured, for example, in the film "White Sun of the Desert" (with the exception of firing frames).

Machine machine gun "Gelki"

During World War I, the Machine Machine "Gelki" became the main machine gun of the French army. Only in 1917, with the spread of manual machine guns, his release went to the decline.

In total, the Gelki Makhox was in service with 20 countries. In France and a number of other countries, this weapon was held during the Second World War. Lentally "Gelki" was supplied to the First World War and to Russia, where a significant part of these machine guns was lost during the East Prussian operation in the first months of war. In domestic art films, the Gelki machine gun can be seen in the film by "quiet dona," where the attack of the Cossacks is shown on the Germanic positions that from a historical point of view may not be typically, but permissible.

Maxhow Maxim

Maxim Maxim entered the story Russian Empire And the USSR, remaining officially in service with much longer than in other countries. Along with a three-year rifle and nagan, it is firmly associated with the weapons of the first half of the 20th century.

He served from the Russian-Japanese to the Great Patriotic War inclusive. Powerful and distinguished high rate of fire and the accuracy of fire machine gun had a number of modifications in the USSR and was used as machine, anti-aircraft and aviation. The main shortcomings of the Maxim Machine variant were an excessively large mass and water cooling of the barrel. Only in 1943, Goryunov's machine gun was adopted, which by the end of the war began to gradually displace Maxim. In the initial period of the war, the production of "Maximov" not only did not decrease, but on the contrary - increased and, in addition to Tula, was deployed in Izhevsk and carpet.

From 1942, machine guns were produced only with the receiver under the Calzovy Tape. Production legendary weapons It was discontinued in our country only in the victorious 1945.

Mg-34

The German machine gun MG-34 has a very difficult story of weapon, but, nevertheless, this sample can be called one of the first single machine guns. Mg-34 could be used as a manual machine gun, or as a machine on a tripod, as well as as zenith and tank.

A small mass attached to weapons high maneuverability, which, combined with a high rate of shooting, made it one of the best infantry machine guns of the beginning of World War II. Later, even with the adoption of mg-42, in Germany did not refuse the production of MG-34, so far this machine gun is armed with a number of countries.

DP-27

From the beginning of the 1930s, the manual machine gun of the Degtyarev system began to act in service with the Red Army, which became the main manual machine gun of the Red Army until the mid-40s. The first combat use of DP-27 is most likely due to the conflict for the CER in 1929.

The machine gun has proven not bad during hostilities in Spain, in Hassan and Chalchin-goal. However, by the time of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Degtyarev's machine gun was already inferior in a number of such parameters as the mass and capacity of the store a number of newer and perfect samples.

In the course of operation, a number of disadvantages were identified - a small capacity of the store (47 ammunition) and an unsuccessful location under the return spring barrel, which was deformed from frequent shooting. During the war, certain work was carried out to eliminate these shortcomings. In particular, the vitality of weapons was raised due to the transfer of the return spring into the rear part of the delivered box, although the general principle of operation of this sample change has not undergone. New machine gun (DPM) since 1945 began to enter the troops. On the basis of the machine gun was created by a very successful tank machine gun DT, which became the main Soviet tank machine gun of the Great Patriotic War.

Machine gun "Breda" 30

One of the first places in the number of deficiencies among massively produced samples can be given to the Italian Machine gun "Breda", which gathered in himself, perhaps, their maximum number.

First, an unsuccessful store and only 20 ammunition, which is clearly not enough for the machine gun. Secondly, each cartridge should be lubricated by oil from a special oil. Dirt falls, dust and weapons instantly fail. One can only guess with such a "miracle" could fight in the sands of North Africa.

But at a minus temperature, the machine gun also does not work. The system differed in great difficulty in production and low for manual machine gun rainflares. Upon top, there is no handle for carrying a machine gun. Nevertheless, this system was the main machine gun of the Italian army in World War II.

Hello dear.
Well, let's finish today with the conversation about the gun guns of the Second World War. Today we have a conversation about Germany. There are many different options.
Let's start, perhaps.

MP18.
In fact, this is a submachine gun of the First World War. MR-18/1 (MaschinenPistole18 / 1) was originally intended for arming special assault detachments and police. Patented in December 1917 by the designer Hugo Schmayser, financial support for which theodore Bergmann was provided in the development of his new gun-gunner.

From the date of adoption of a gun-machine gun for weapons in Germany in 1918, the mass production of MR-18/1 was established at the Waffenfabrik Theodor Bergmann plant. MP-18/1 were armed with special assault detachments, each separation consisted of two people. One of them was armed MP-18/1, the second was armed with a rifle Mauser 98 and the reserve of cartridges.
Due to the defeat of Germany in the First World War, under the conditions of the Versailles of November 11, 1918, the production of certain types of weapons in Germany was prohibited. MR-18/1 got into this list, but it was produced until 1920 as a weapon for the police, the production of which there was no such substantive restrictions.
After 1920, MP-18/1 production under license continued in Switzerland, at the SWISS Industrial Company (SIG) plant in Newheusen.
MP-18/1 automation works at the expense of a free shutter. The trunk canal during a shot is locked with spring-loaded shutter. The barrel is completely closed with a round steel casing with ventilation holes. The shock-trigger mechanism of the drummer type allows the maintenance of only automatic fire. There is no fuse, but the shutter stretching handle will start into the slot in the trunnor box, where it is fixed, leaving the shutter in the open position. The store receiver is located on the left side.


Food with cartridges was carried out either from direct box stores for 20 ammunition, or from the Disk Store of the Leeore system by 32 ammunition from the artillery model of the luger-parabelulum P08 pistol. A drum type shop of the TM-08 sample of the TM-08 system is 32 cartridges, which is attached to the left in a long neck. Lodge and pistol butt - MR-18/1 Wooden machine gun, rifle type.

Mass, kg: 4,18 (without shop); 5.26 (equipped)
Length, mm: 815
Stem length, mm: 200
Principles of operation: Free shutter
Bullet initial speed, m / s: 380
Caliber, mm: 9
Patron: 9 × 19 mm Parabelloum
Aiming distance, M: 200
Evidence of the Equity: Disc Store "Snail" on 32
or direct boxed store for 20 cartridges
Firing, shots / min: 450-500

Pistol-machine gun Schmeisser MP.28.


MP.28, produced by C.G. HAENEL, is an advanced version of MP.18 of the design of Louis Schmaiser. Automation works according to a scheme with a free shutter. The shock-trigger mechanism allows signing of queues and single shots, from an open shutter. Cylindrical border with perforated trunk casing is attached to a wooden bed with a hinge compound.

The egging handle is located on the right side of the weapon. The fuse is the same handle that can be placed in a G-shaped carbon box when the shutter is in the rear position. Translator of fire modes, which is a horizontally moving button, is located above the trigger. Food with cartridges is carried out from box stores with a double row arrangement of cartridges. The store joins weapons on the left, horizontally. Unlike the prototype, Mp.28 has not become a standard weapon german army, and manufactured mainly for export deliveries. For example, Schmeisser MP.28 was adopted by the Belgian army under the name Mitrailette Modele 1934, and also exported to Spain, China, South America and some African countries.

Main characteristics
Caliber: 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Bergmann-Bayard, 9mm Mauser Export, .45 ACP, 7,65mm Parabellum, 7,6325 Mauser
Weapon Length: 810 mm
Barrel length: 200 mm
Mass without cartridges: 4.1 kg.
Shooting paced: 600 SECTION / MIN

Pistol-machine BERGMANN MP-35
MP-35, also obtained a reduced designation B.M.P. (from Bergmann Maschinen Pistole), designed by Emil Bergman, the first acting copy was made in 1932. The first sample was referred to as B.M.P. 32. Its production was adjusted by the Danish company SHULZ & LARSEN on the acquired license under the designation MP-32. A 9mm Bergmann-Bayard cartridge was used in the MP-32 submachine gun, and the weapon itself was supplied by the Danish armed forces. On this, the improvement of the Bergman's design was not stopped, a new model was ready for the designation of BERGMANN MP-34 (B.M.P. 34), which appeared in 1934. MP-34 was made in several versions, with a long barrel 200 and 308 mm. However, Bergmann did not have sufficient production base for large-scale production, as a result, the release was established on request on the famous German weapon company Walther. In 1935, the following option was ready, more adapted for mass production in large volumes by simplifying the design, which received the designation MP-35.

Automation works according to a scheme with a free shutter. The shock-trigger mechanism allows signing of queues and single shots, from an open shutter. The fire mode changes the long running of the trigger. If the shooter squeezes the descent completely, the weapon shoots the queue, incomplete pressing - single fire. The trunks and perforated trunk casing with a compensator in the front part are cylindrical. The arrow of the stretch remaining fixed when running fire is placed in the back of the trunnor box. This detail on the device and work is significantly different from other samples of this type of weapon. A shutter shooting handle turns up, at an angle of 90 °, then pulls back, after which it is translated into its original position.

That is, the shutter stretching handle here works like a rifle with a swivel shutter. The fuse is placed on the left side of the trunks, under the whole, it is made in the form of a slider moving along the axis. Food with cartridges is carried out from box stores with a double row arrangement of cartridges. The store joins the weapon is cosy, horizontally. Most of the BERGMANN MP-35 exported. So in Switzerland, he was adopted under the designation of KSP M / 39, which used the standard cartridge of the Swiss Army - 9mm Parabellum. Since the beginning of World War II, Walther production facilities were engaged in fulfilling more important orders, as a result of which the release of MP-35 was adjusted under the contract to Junker & RUH, where, by the end of the war, about 40,000 copies were produced. Most of the Bergmann MP-35 release Junker & RUH entered the SS troops and the police.

Main characteristics
Caliber: 9 × 19 (9mm Parabellum), 9 × 23 (9mm Bergmann-Bayard), 7.63 × 25 Mauser, 9 × 25 (9mm Mauser Export), .45 ACP
Weapon Length: 810 mm
Barrel length: 200 mm
Mass without cartridges: 4.1 kg.
Shooting paced: 600 SECTION / MIN
Store Capacity: 20 or 32 Cartridges

Pistol-machine ERMA EMP 35
EMP 35 was developed by the German designer-gunsmith by Heinrich Volmer, which was engaged in the design of machine guns since 1925. In 1930, Folmer developed an improved version of his system, which was continuously finalized by introducing various changes. The 1930 sample is equipped with a patented system of return mechanism, in which the return spring was placed in a telescopic casing. Automation works according to a scheme with a free shutter. The shock-trigger mechanism allows signing of queues and single shots, from an open shutter. The shooting handle is located on the right side of the weapon, it also serves as a fuse, when placing it in the groove of the hard box when the shutter is in the posterior position.


Various options were equipped with a separate manual fuse, located on the right side of the trunks, before entirely. Translator of fire modes, located on the right side, over a trigger. The hard box and perforated trunk casing are made cylindrical, the bed was made of a tree in two versions - with anterior handle, or without a handle with a rifle-type falcon. The return spring is placed in its own telescopic casing. Food with cartridges is carried out from box stores with a double row arrangement of cartridges. The store joins weapons on the left, horizontally. Aimicious devices Consist of flying and either sector or echoing.

However, the Volmer itself did not have sufficient financial resources for the large-scale production of his weapons, as a result of which he sold the right to produce a machine gun-machine of his design of the company Erfurter Maschinenfabrik, presented in the market under the ERMA brand name. After that, there was a serial release of folmer weapons in various versions, with different lengths of trunks, different designs of fuses and aiming devices, as well as in different calibers. This weapon received the designation EMP (ERMA Maschinen Pistole). The main consumers were the SS troops, and the German police, in addition, EMP machine guns were supplied to export to France, Spain and South America countries.


Main characteristics
Caliber: 9 × 19 (9mm Parabellum), 9 × 23 (9mm Bergmann-Bayard), 7.63 × 25 Mauser, 7.65 × 22 (7,65mm Parabellum)
Weapon Length: 900 or 550 mm
Stem length: 250 or 310 mm
Mass without cartridges: 4.4 kg.
Shooting paced: 520 SECTION / MIN
Store Capacity: 32 cartridges

Pistol-machine MP.38
MP.38 is designed by the German constructor-gunsmith folmer worked at ERMA, commissioned by the Armed Forces of Germany. MP.38 was adopted by Wehrmacht in 1938. Initially, the main purpose of MP.38 was armed with a compact and light gun-machine gun crews of combat vehicles and parachutists. But later, the weapons of Folmer began to supply the infantry units of the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS. For shooting, 9MM Parabellum cartridges are used, both standard pistol and an enlarged powder charge.

Automation works according to a scheme with a free shutter. The shock-trigger mechanism allows firing only queues, from an open shutter. However, shooting with single shots could be conducted by more or less experienced arrows using a short press and quick release of the trigger. To reduce the shooting pace, a pneumatic rollback buffer was introduced. A feature of the design is a cylindrical return-combat spring, placed in a telescopic casing. The egging handle is located on the left side of the weapon. Protection of weapons from random shots is carried out by the introduction of the handle of charging in the neckline of the receiver when the shutter is in idle position. Pistols - MP.38 sub-release machines and most MP.40 supplied with a pull-out ebony handle, with which it was possible to block the shutter in the front position. The cylindrical shape box, the trunk has a lower protrusion in the muzzle for fixing the weapon in the ambrusuras of combat vehicles. Food with cartridges is carried out from two-row direct boxes with the output of cartridges in one row. Metallic butt folding, in a marking position folding down. The aimed tools consist of a fly-protected peel, and a cake, which allows you to conduct a targeted shooting by 100 and 200 meters. Although the shooting practice was carried out, as a rule, no more than 50 - 70 meters. To reduce the cost of production, plastic was first used for the manufacture of landscape and aluminum for the casing of a pistol handle.

In practice, the gun-machine gun MP.38, although he demonstrated high combat qualities in combination with the convenience of transportation and small-sized, was too expensive for mass production in conditions of military time, since in the manufacture of many parts were performed on milling equipment. As a result, in 1940, MP.38 was modernized in order to reduce the cost of production, which was achieved by replacing the milling stamping from the steel sheet. In April 1940, ERMA began the release of new weapons under the designation of MP.40 and the order of the General Staff of the Armed Forces was adopted as a personal weapon of drivers vehicle, infantry, cavalry, staff officers, tankers, communications and some other categories.
The advantages are the low rate of shooting, due to which good controllability of the machine gun gun was achieved during the maintenance of fire as single shots and queues, the weapon was quite easy, had small dimensions, as a result of which they were convenient to manipulate during the battle in the room, What was very relevant for urban fighting World War II. But there were also significant disadvantages, such as the unsuccessful placement of the arms of the elbows on the left side of the weapon, which, when wearing it on the belt on the chest, tangiblely beat the owner of the ribs, was missing the trunk casing, which led to the hands of the hands of a pori intensive shooting. One of the main disadvantages MP.38 and MP.40 was a two-row shop with rebuilding cartridges at the outdoor output. For their equipment, their cartridges needed to use a special device, since the force when manually deploying the cartridges in the store was excessive. In the conditions of a long lack of arms care and ingestion of the dirt or sand housing, stores worked extremely not securely, causing frequent delays in shooting. Instead of 32 cartridges, the shop has been equipped with 27 cartridges to eliminate the sediment of the feeder's spring, which was revealed during the operation of the weapon.

Main characteristics
Caliber: 9 × 19 (9mm Parabellum)
Weapon Length: 833/630 mm
Stem Length: 251 mm
Mass without cartridges: 4.2 kg.
Shooting: 500 Squat / Min
Store Capacity: 32 cartridges

Pistol-machine MP.40
MP.38, although demonstrated high combat qualities in combination with the convenience of transportation and small-sized, was too expensive for mass production in military time, since in the manufacture of many parts were performed on milling equipment. As a result, in 1940, MP.38 was modernized in order to reduce the cost of production, which was achieved by replacing the milling stamping from the steel sheet. In April 1940, ERMA began the release of a new weapon under the designation of MP.40 and the order of the General Staff of the Armed Forces was adopted as a personal weapon of drivers of vehicles, infantry, cavalry, staff officers, tankers, telecommunications and some other categories. During the production of MP.40, stamping and welded works were widely used, point welding, extractor, and moreover, switched to less high-quality steel. In 1940, the Austrian firm Steyr-Daimler-Puchs was attracted to the release of MP.40 with excellent technological equipment and excellently prepared working personnel, and in 1941 the release was established on C.G. HAENEL.

Automation works according to a scheme with a free shutter. The shock-trigger mechanism allows firing only queues, from an open shutter. However, shooting with single shots could be conducted by more or less experienced arrows using a short press and quick release of the trigger. To reduce the shooting pace, a pneumatic rollback buffer was introduced. A feature of the design is a cylindrical return-combat spring, placed in a telescopic casing. The egging handle is located on the left side of the weapon. Protection of weapons from random shots is carried out by the introduction of the handle of charging in the neckline of the receiver when the shutter is in idle position. Pistols - MP.38 sub-release machines and most MP.40 supplied with a pull-out ebony handle, with which it was possible to block the shutter in the front position. The cylindrical shape box, the trunk has a lower protrusion in the muzzle for fixing the weapon in the ambrusuras of combat vehicles.

Food with cartridges is carried out from two-row direct boxes with the output of cartridges in one row. However, during the war in order to accelerate recharge and enhance firefire, two variants of a standard MP.40, equipped with a dual receiver of stores with the possibility of transverse displacement, were designed and increased in a small amount of fire. The displaced receiver on two stores allowed to quickly put the equipped store to the place of empty. These options that received the designations MP.40-I and MP.40-II were produced by the Austrian company Steyr, due to the identified disadvantages of the design, which gave frequent delays in severe operating conditions, was not further distributed. Metallic butt folding, in a marking position folding down. The aimed tools consist of a fly-protected peel, and a cake, which allows you to conduct a targeted shooting by 100 and 200 meters. Although the shooting practice was carried out, as a rule, no more than 50 - 70 meters. To reduce the cost of production, plastic was first used for the manufacture of landscape and aluminum for the casing of a pistol handle.
The kit of each MP.40 included six stores and a lever for their equipment. Large losses of the armed forces in machine gun guns during the fighting forced to move to even more simplified production technologies and even cheaper materials. So since the autumn of 1943, Steyr began producing a simplified version of MP.40 with a somewhat modified design, which later began to flow many complaints due to low reliability. The reasons for complaints were corrected, and the cost of production of machine guns decreased significantly, although the service resource of weapons decreased. Since the beginning of production and before the end of World War II, about 1,200,000 copies of MP.40 were manufactured. After the war, these machine gun guns have no longer consistent in Germany, but for a long time were used in the Armed Forces of Norway and Austria.

Main characteristics
Caliber: 9 × 19 (9mm Parabellum)
Weapon Length: 833/630 mm
Stem Length: 251 mm
Mass without cartridges: 4 kg.
Shooting: 500 Squat / Min
Store Capacity: 32 cartridges

Schmeisser MP.41 machine gun pistol


MP.41, as follows from the name of the weapon, was constructed by Luis Schmaiser, the author of MP.18 and MP-gun guns, in order to create the most appropriate infantry sample based on a generally well-proven MP.40. Schmayser did not make any significant changes, and simply supplied MP.40 by a shock-shutter mechanism and a wooden false design. Unlike MP.40, MP.41 machine gun can be fire with single shots, and not just queues. Automation works according to a scheme with a free shutter. The cylindrical spinning spring is placed in its own casing. The shock-trigger mechanism allows signing of queues and single shots, from an open shutter.

The translator of fire modes is a transversely moving button placed over a trigger. The egging handle is located on the left side of the weapon. Protection against a random shot is carried out by introducing a shutter echoing knob into a special figured groove in the bodily box when the shutter is in the back position. The trunk is not equipped with an emphasis for shooting from Ambrazur combat vehicles. Food with cartridges is carried out from box stores with a double row arrangement of cartridges with rebuilding them at the output of one row. The weapon has a wooden lodge, instead of a metal folding butt. The cake allows you to conduct a targeting shooting by 100 and 200 meters. Serial production MP.41 has been established by C.G. HAENEL. However, soon the ERMA, which issued MP.40 through the trial of the violation of patents achieved cessation of MP.41. In total, about 26,000 copies of this weapon were released, which went mainly in Waffen SS and the police.

Main characteristics
Caliber: 9 × 19 (9mm Parabellum)
Weapon Length: 860 mm
Stem Length: 251 mm
Mass without cartridges: 3.9 kg.
Shooting: 500 Squat / Min
Store Capacity: 32 cartridges

Have a good day.

By the end of 1941, the role of automatic weapons both in parts of the Wehrmacht and the RKKE increased significantly. In the near battle, especially in settlements And trenches, a gun gun was more convenient for a rifle and carbine. The high density of the fire of this weapon provided it with an obvious advantage over shopping and self-loading rifles.

Initially, 1942 in the German army for armament of the infantry began massively the guns-machine guns MP-38 and MR-40. If, at the beginning of the war, the German infantry was equipped mainly by rifles and the Karabins of Mauser, and only the crews of tanks, landing units and communities of rifle plans were armed with guns-machine guns (just 8772 mP-38 in the early war), then after a year their number in The German army has increased five times. In the course of warfare, gun guns began to be used to solve various tasks.

Simplicity and reliability, high mobility, a great wearable ammunition stock finally secured the MR-38 championship before other samples of melee weapons. The high need for troops in automatic weapons, as well as the developed tactics of the application of this type of weapon in the conditions of melee led to the appearance of more upgraded MP-38, which received the designation of MR-40.

In the spring of 1940, the German company Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) began to produce MP-40. The German designers managed to develop a machine gun, characterized by simplicity of design, high strength and a large vitality of the automation system, as well as simplicity of service in the field. At the beginning of the 40th year, the order of the General Staff of the Ground Forces of Fascist Germany, new samples were adopted for Wehrmacht's infantry (from fourteen to sixteen MR-40 in infantry company), equestrian, automotive, tank parts and reconnaissance divisions, as well as headquarters officers. MR-40 has become one of the most common types of German small arms.

In the Soviet parts by the beginning of the war of the war, PPD-40 and PPS-41 machine guns were held. However, their number was extremely limited. When entering the troops, they fell primarily in the hands of the heads of the mouth and adjutants of the highest commander. PPD-40 was complicated in manufacturing and had low battle qualities. PPS, in turn, possessed sufficiently good tactical and technical data. It was manufactured by the most progressive at the time of the technology of stamping and welding structures and could be made by any enterprise.

However, a large mass (PPD - 5.4 kg, PPS - more than 5.3 kg, and with full-air machine guns, the weight of these machine guns could be 9 kg) and a significant length due to the wooden lodge (PPD - 788 mm, PPS - 842 mm ) Complicated its use in landing, tank, sperm and intelligence units.

The test results and combat use of MR-38 and MR-40 trophy machines. Intelligence and diversion groups prompted the main artillery department of the Red Army at the beginning of the 42nd year to declare a competition for the development of a more modern machine gun gun under a regular pistol cartridge 7.62 × 25 mm.

By mid-February 1942, several dozen experienced trunks were already ready for polygon tests. These were the designs of both famous designers and beginner armory masters, including front-line listeners and workers of the Artillery Academy, as well as employees of the Rowing Weapons Research Polygon (NPC NIP).

Despite the originality of individual systems, in all projects there was a tendency to "binding" to the design of German MR-38/40. All samples presented on the tests, one way or another repeated the principle of operation, overall layout, filming of cartridges from a box store, folding metal butt guns-machine guns of German designers.

From the end of February to the beginning of March 1942, competitive tests were held on NIP. Of all the samples represented, only seven machine guns for further tests were selected. These were two samples of the well-known designers of Degtyarev (PPD-42) and shpagin (PPSh-2), four samples of the young developers of the sleeveless-Vysotsky, Menshikova, Zaitseva (two models differed mainly only with the design of the goal) and one sample of the collective creativity of army craftsmen.

The best of those tested were recognized by the PPD-42 and the gun gunner of the sleeveless-Vysotsky. At the same time, the development of the latter had the best manufacturability of production. When it is assembling, point and suture welding, cold stamping. However, despite the originality, the features of the Nezruchko-Vysotsky were viewed by the features of MP-40: the trunk did not have a solid safety casing, the bracket stop for the fire from the side or through the brackets of armored vehicles, folded down butt, safety cutting boxes, rejection 100 meters and 200 meters, cylindrical shutter, whose shooting handle was placed on the left, pistol fire control handle, a method of locking the trunk channel with a "shutter", a method of connecting the bodily and trigger, a boxed store. True, the last, due to the bottle form of the cartridge sleeve of 7.62 × 25, was the curved "sector" of the form, like the PPD and PPSh-41.

Control specimens when conducting tests were German MR-40 and Soviet PPSh-41. The PPD-42 and the gun-verbulent-vysotsky gun on the cumidity and the accuracy of the shooting were equivalent to MP-40, but PPS-41 was inferior. In terms of reliability, the gunner of the sleeveless-Vysotsky inferior to PPD-42 and control samples.

Upon specifying the head of the NIP, the harmless-Vysotsky machine gun was brought to work on the improvement of the submachine-Vysotsky machine gun. Sudaev. However, instead of providing assistance to the left-hand-winning, he already presented his sample on tests. With the similarity of the layout of his machine gun with a gun-free-vetyrhemum gun was and differences: Sudares simplified the design of the receiver box, improved its manufacturas, the trunk completely closed the casing to protect the arrow from burns. Also, the changes undergoes the shutter in which the hole for the guide rod of the return-combat spring was made with a shift to the left, and the guide rod itself simultaneously performed the role of the replacer of the shooting sleeve. The fuse box, locking the shutter in the front and cocked position, was located next to the trigger. On the front of the trunk's casing, a muzzle brake-compensator of the frame-type was installed, as a result of which the part of the shooting was increased. Metal butt folded on top of a bodily box. The shutter handle was located on the right side. Thanks to the elongated trunny box, the shooting pace of the machine gun amounted to 700-600 lit. / min. (PPD and PPS The shooting paced was about 1000 lit. / min.), That allowed the arrow to save cartridges and short-term pressing on the trigger to lead the shooting by single shots.

An experienced sample design of Sudeva was tested on April 4, 1942. After two-week factory tests, he with positive feedback It was transferred to the polygon tests, which took place from April 26 to May 12, 1942. Samples of V.A. were tested. Degtyarev, S.A. Korovina, N. G. Mitavishnikova, I.K. Bezruchko-Vysotsky, A.S. Ogardennikova, A.A. Zaitseva, A.I. Sudeva. Sudeva samples were most compact and convenient, samples of Sudeva, as well as the Nezheless-Vysotsky, which was presented to the competitive tests of the upgraded machine gun pistol. At which the bullshit-compensator was installed, as in PPS, which increased the part of the shooting. To reduce weight from the barrel, the bracket was removed. The bottom of the shutter, to the left of the checker of the cartridge, was made a longitudinal groove, which was located the elongated guide rod of the reciprocating spring, which served as a reflector of the shooting sleeve. The shutter shooting handle was posted on the right. On it, a fuse was located in the form of a moving perpendicular to the trunk box (similar to the design of the PPSH machine gun-machine).

According to their results, the sample of the sleeped-Vysotsky could not stand the tests due to the low reliability of the automation and delays in shooting. According to the results of the test, the commission concluded that the prototype of the Sudueca gun-machine gun was made a special program of the competition fully and other competitors does not.

It was completed with 6 shops that were placed in two peasons. There were also accessories for cleaning and lubrication of weapons. According to the simplicity of the device, compactness, convenience and high reliability under the actions in difficult conditions, PPP significantly exceeded regular PPDs and PPS.

total weight PPS with complete ammunition (210 ammunition in six stores) was 6.82 kg. A sufficiently small mass of the weapons provided machine gunners good maneuverability in battle. At the same time, the initial speed and the slaughter of the bullet, as well as practical rate-intensity were the same with PPS.

PPS also differed with high production and economic characteristics. The design of the machine gun allowed the production of 50% of the details by the method of cold stamping, as well as the use of point and electric arc welding. Compared to PPSh-41, only 6.2 kg of metal and 2.7 acrooked hour required for the manufacture of PPS, which is 2 and 3 times less than for the shepagin machine gun (13.9 kg, and 8.1, respectively Stanko-hour).

Soviet state needed large quantities Therefore, the defense enterprises were connected to the GCO decision in December 1942, defense enterprises were connected to the program on making enough simple and relatively cheap machine guns-machine guns. blood Leningrad, including Sestroretsky instrumental factory named after S.P.Voscova, factory named after A.A. Kulakov and Plant (Artel) "Primus". At the end of December 1942, Sudarev was aimed at the plant named after A. A. Kulakova for organizing the release of its PPS. Despite the complexity of the organization of production, bombing and shelling of the city, the lack of the necessary number of machines, tools and equipment, from February 1943 to December 1944, 187912 PPP were issued.

In January 1943, artillery management finally approved technical documentation for the production of PPS-42. Moscow Factory named after V. D. Kalmykova became the main enterprise for the development of technical documentation and the Machine-gun pistol itself. Engineers and technology of the plant constantly made improvements to its design, working out both individual nodes and entire assemblies, clarified technical documentation. In less than two years, "918 different changes and additions, 413 of which were introduced into production on March 15, 1944. The main constructive changes made to the drawings were 21. " In the production of PPS and its operation in parts revealed some disadvantages of the design. The result was further changes made to PPS-42 both by the author and engineers and technologists of manufacturers. They were aimed at improving the functioning of weapons in any, including the most difficult conditions, on the reliability of action and improving the manufacturing technology.

In addition to indisputable advantages, PPS had some drawbacks. For example, there is not enough reliable fuse. Even a slight wear cut for the shutter handle or a fuse curly cutter led to its shutdown. The short butt strengthened the effect of accommodation, which made it difficult to aiming for the limit range and at dusk. Sudeva's submachine gun was capricious when dirt inwards inside the trunks and thickening of lubrication, the consequence of what was delays in shooting. The shutter was convenient to take only the right hand. It was also not adapted to keep a hand-to-hand combat. IN soviet army Sudeva's submachine gun was in service until the mid-50s. In the years of the second global design of PPS, the gunsmiths of other countries were repeated.

In 1944, the Finns adopted an almost accurate copy of the PPS-43 under the name "9-mm submachine gun Suomi M.1944" - under the pistol cartridge 9 × 19 "Parabelloum", with shops from the "Suomi ML 931" gun gunners ( A boxed capacity of 20 and 40 cartridges and a disc 71 cartridge). From PPS, it differs only by the store receiver, which allowed the installation of a disk store. At the end of the 40s, PPS was produced under a license in Poland in two modifications: with folding metal butt Wz.43 - for airborne, tankers, communication and others - and wooden butt WZ.43 / 52. In the 50s, PPS began to be produced in the PRC under the name "Type 43". It was widely used by North Korean troops and Chinese volunteers in the War in Korea (1950-1953). In 1953, the Gencarmery and Border Guard, the DUX-53 machine gun, which was an exact copy of the Finnish "Suomi M.1944" was adopted in Germany. After a minor upgrade in 1959, under the DUX-59 index, the machine gun before applying the MR-5 machine gun was in service law enforcement and border guards.