The “Top Secret” vulture is the most mysterious and little-studied bird in the world. The most mysterious human experiments, full of rumors, speculation and contradictions. But, as you know, there is no smoke without fire... At the dawn of existence Soviet Union Experiments on an unprecedented scale began in the field of genetics and experiments on people. Attempts have been made to crossbreed humans and monkeys. A blood transfusion was done to rejuvenate the body. Soviet scientists tried to create the superman that the future of the communist system needed. Ideologists believed that these were the kind of people who should live in the Soviet Union.
The late 1950s and early 1960s were a time of significant advances in the field of scientific experiments throughout the world and in the USSR. In those years, bold experiments by Soviet scientists on animals began.
A number of pioneering studies were carried out at Moscow University and the Academy of Sciences. And already in 1950, Russian scientist Vladimir Demikhov surprised the whole world when he transplanted a dog's head onto another dog. The two-headed dog lived for a whole month.
During the first period of the Cold War, all the forces of Soviet science were mobilized to create perfect weapons. In 1958, a secret Soviet project to create a cyborg robot was launched.
The scientific consultant was Nobel Prize laureate V. Manuilov. In addition to the designers, doctors and engineers participated in the construction of the robot. Mice, rats and dogs have been used for experiments to confirm safety for humans.
The option of experiments on monkeys was considered, but the choice fell on dogs, since they are better trainable and calmer than monkeys.
Subsequently, this project received the name "COLLIE" and lasted almost 10 years. But by decree of the Central Committee of January 4, 1969, the activities of the Collie project were terminated, the information became secret..."
In 1991, all information on the Kollie project was declassified... In 1991, all information about the Kollie project became unclassified.
This is what I wrote at that time"Daily Mail":
"British scientists are concerned about the experiments that their colleagues are conducting on animals. During the experiments, researchers transplant human tissues and genes into our smaller brothers, in particular monkeys. This, in turn, can lead to a dangerous humanization of animals: they will acquire intelligence similar to ours , and they will even be able to speak."
Read completely:" target="_blank">http://top.rbc.ru/wildworld/22/07/2011/606904.shtml 
The British Academy of Medical Scientists, also concerned about this issue, reported that the number of experiments in which human tissue or genes are transplanted into animals is constantly growing. So, in 2010 Over 1 million experiments were conducted in which human DNA was transplanted into mice and fish. Scientists need these laboratory mutants to create new drugs for cancer, hepatitis, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and other ailments, as well as to understand the role of individual genes in the development of the body.
Moreover, some experiments with animals should be completely prohibited, M. Bobrow believes. For example, the transplantation of human stem cells into the brain of a primate should be prohibited, since this could lead to the humanization of the monkey: its brain could become like a human’s, the animal could gain the rudiments of reason or even speak. And while people may think that scientists were simply inspired by the new sci-fi film Rise of the Planet of the Apes, in fact the possibility of overly intelligent primates should be taken seriously, says Professor Thomas Baldwin.
Read completely: http://top.rbc.ru/wildworld/22/07/2011/606904.shtml " target="_blank">http://top.rbc.ru/wildworld/22/07/2011/606904.shtml
"MILLER-Urey" EXPERIMENT
- the first, apart from the work of alchemists who tried to breed an artificial living creature in a test tube, a truly scientific experiment in this field, conducted in the 1950s by American chemistry student Stanley Miller. He suggested that life originated in the atmosphere of ancient Earth due to the synthesis of complex molecules during lightning discharges. Stanley filled a large glass ball with water, methane, hydrogen, ammonia, and began to pass electrical discharges through this medium. Soon the “primordial ocean” splashing at the bottom of the ball became dark red from the emerging biomolecules and amino acids, which are the building blocks for the construction of proteins.
The Miller-Urey experiment is considered one of the most important experiments in studying the origin of life on Earth. Conclusions about the possibility of chemical evolution drawn from this experiment have been criticized. According to critics, although the synthesis of the most important organic substances has been clearly demonstrated, the far-reaching conclusion about the possibility of chemical evolution drawn directly from this experience is not fully justified.
- the alleged code name of a secret committee of scientists, military leaders and government officials, allegedly formed in 1947 by order of US President Harry S. Truman.
The intended purpose of the committee is to investigate UFO activity in the aftermath of the Roswell Incident, the alleged crash of an alien craft near Roswell, New Mexico in July 1947. Majestic 12 is an important part of the UFO conspiracy theory of the current government hiding information about UFOs. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has stated that documents related to the Majestic 12" are completely fictitious...
EXPERIMENT "PHOENIX" -
time travel research that allegedly took place in the United States. In 1992, American engineer Al Bilek told reporters that at one time he was a participant in a unique experiment, codenamed “Phoenix”. Bilek was placed inside a magnetron (a device that creates a powerful electromagnetic field) and moved in time to the past...
What is most surprising about the story of the “time traveler” is that before this experiment his name was not Al Bilek at all, but Edward Cameron. But upon returning from the past, Cameron discovered that his last name was unknown to anyone and had disappeared from all lists and documents, replaced by another. And his friends claimed that they knew him as Bilek since childhood. No other facts confirming the existence of the Phoenix project (except for the story of Bilek himself) have been found.
EXPERIMENT "PHILADELPHIA"
- one of the most interesting riddles XX century, which gave rise to many contradictory rumors. According to legend, in 1943 in Philadelphia military department The United States allegedly tried to create a ship invisible to enemy radars. Using calculations made by Albert Einstein, special generators were installed on the destroyer Eldridge. But during the test, the unexpected happened - the ship, surrounded by a cocoon of a powerful electromagnetic field, disappeared not only from radar screens, but literally evaporated in the most literal sense of the word. After some time, the Eldridge materialized again, but in a completely different place and with a distraught crew on board. How reliable is this story?
The Philadelphia Experiment first became widely known thanks to astrophysicist Maurice Jessup, a scientist and writer from Iowa. In 1956, as a response to one of his books, which touched on the problem of the unusual properties of space and time, he received a letter from a certain K. Allende, who reported that the military had already learned to practically move objects “outside the usual space and time.” The author of the letter served in 1943 on the ship "Andrew Furset". From aboard this ship, which was part of the control group of the Philadelphia experiment, Allende (as he himself claims) perfectly saw how the Eldridge melted into a greenish glow, heard the hum of the force field surrounding the destroyer...
The most interesting thing in Allende's story is the description of the consequences of the experiment. Incredible things began to happen to people who returned “out of nowhere”: they seemed to fall out of the real flow of time (the term “froze” was used). There were cases of spontaneous combustion (the term "ignited"). One day, two “frozen” people suddenly “ignited” and burned for eighteen days (?!), and the rescuers were unable to stop the burning of their bodies with any effort. Other strange things happened. One of the Eldridge sailors, for example, disappeared forever, walking through the wall of his own apartment in front of his wife and child.
Jessup began to investigate: he rummaged through the archives, talked with the military and found a lot of evidence that gave him the opportunity to express his opinion about the reality of these events as follows: “The experiment is very interesting, but terribly dangerous. It has too much influence on the people participating in it. "Experimentally, magnetic generators were used, so-called "demagnetizers", which operated at resonant frequencies and created a monstrous field around the ship. In practice, this gave a temporary withdrawal from our dimension and could mean a spatial breakthrough, if only it were possible to keep the process under control! " Perhaps Jessup learned too much, at least in 1959 he died under very mysterious circumstances - he was found in his own car, suffocated from exhaust fumes.
The leadership of the US Navy disowned the Philadelphia experiment, saying that nothing like this happened in 1943." But many researchers did not believe the government. They continued the search for Jessup and got some results. For example, documents were found confirming that from 1943 to 1944 Einstein was in the service of the Navy Department in Washington. Witnesses appeared, some of whom personally saw how the Eldridge disappeared, others were holding sheets of paper with calculations made by the hand of Einstein, who had a very distinctive handwriting. Even a newspaper clipping from those times was found , which tells about the sailors who got off the ship and melted before the eyes of eyewitnesses.
Attempts to find out the truth about the Philadelphia experiment have not stopped to this day. And from time to time new interesting facts appear. Here are excerpts from the story of American electronics engineer Edom Skilling (recorded on tape): “In 1990, my friend Margaret Sandys, who lives in Palm Beach, Florida, invited me and my friends to visit Dr. Carl Leisler, her neighbor, to discuss some details of the Philadelphia experiment. Karl Leisler, physicist, one of the scientists who worked on this project in 1943.
They wanted to make a warship invisible to radar. On board it was installed a powerful electronic device such as a huge magnetron (magnetron is an ultrashort wave generator, classified during the Second World War). This device received energy from electrical machines installed on the ship, the power of which was enough to supply electricity to a small city. The idea behind the experiment was that the very strong electromagnetic field around the ship would act as a shield for the radar beams. Carl Leisler was on shore to observe and supervise the experiment.
When the magnetron started working, the ship disappeared. After some time he reappeared, but all the sailors on board were dead. Moreover, part of their corpses turned into steel - the material from which the ship was made. During our conversation, Karl Leisler was very upset, it was clear that this old sick man still felt remorse and guilt for the death of the sailors who were on board the Eldridge. Leisler and his colleagues in the experiment believe that they sent the ship at another time, the ship disintegrated into molecules, and when the reverse process occurred, a partial replacement of the organic molecules of human bodies with metal atoms occurred." And here is another curious fact that the Russian researcher V. Adamenko came across: In Moura’s book and Berlitz, who were investigating the Philadelphia events, it is said that for many years after the incident, the destroyer Eldridge was in the US Navy reserve, and then the ship was given the name "Lion" and sold to Greece. Meanwhile, Adamenko visited a Greek family in 1993, where he met a retired Greek admiral. It turned out that he was well aware of the Philadelphia experiment and the fate of the Eldridge, confirming that the destroyer is one of the ships of the Greek Navy, but is called not the Lion, as Moure and Berlitz write, but the Tiger ".
The unambiguous truth about the Philadelphia experiment has never been established. Researchers of this mysterious story did not find the main thing - documents. The Eldridge's logs could have explained a lot, but they strangely disappeared. At least, all requests to the US government and military department received an official answer: “...It is not possible to find, and therefore, to put at your disposal.” And the logbooks of the escort ship "Fureset" were completely destroyed on instructions from above, although this contradicts all existing rules.
EXPERIMENT "COMPUTER MOWGL"
" is a unique project allegedly carried out by American scientists. "Computer Mowgli", according to reports in the press, is a virtual personality created in a secret laboratory. The son of a man and a woman, this baby is still not a person.
...The pregnancy of 33-year-old Nadine M was difficult. When the baby was born (his parents named him Sid in advance), the doctors came to the conclusion that he was doomed. For several days in the intensive care unit it was possible to maintain life in the tiny body. Meanwhile, with the help of special equipment, a mental scan of his brain was carried out. The father and mother were not informed about this unusual procedure, since the scientists themselves assessed the chances of success as vanishingly small. But to the surprise of everyone, the electrical potentials of Sid’s brain neurons recorded by the equipment, transferred to the computer, began to live their own unreal (super-real?) life there.
At first, only Nadine was informed that the baby had died physically, but the potentials of his brain were brought into the machine and continued to develop there. She took it quite calmly. The father, since he was literally raving about his future first-born, was shown Sid only on the computer screen for a whole month, explaining that the baby needed special survival conditions. When he found out about the essence of what was happening, he was at first horrified and even tried to destroy Sid’s brain development program. But soon, like Nadine, he began to treat “Computer Mowgli” as his real-life child.
Now the father and mother are actively involved in the project, taking care of Sid’s “health” - they are installing more and more new protection programs against computer viruses, fearing that they may negatively affect the mental development of their baby. The researchers equipped the computer with multimedia and virtual reality systems, making it possible not only to see Sid “in three dimensions and in life-size,” but to hear his voice and even “pick him up”...
The Scientific Observer magazine, which almost entirely devoted one of its issues to the story of Sid, reported that the Computer Mowgli project was initially secret, but then a special commission of the US Congress decided to familiarize American taxpayers with some of the research results. The specific name of the scientific center that conducted the mental scan of the baby’s brain is not given. But from some hints one can understand that we're talking about about one of the institutions of the US Department of Defense.
A message about “Computer Mowgli” also appeared in the Russian press. The popular science almanac “It Can’t Be,” whose representative attended a computer conference in Las Vegas (USA), said that one of the participants in this project, a certain Steam Rowler, was present there. According to this specialist, scientists were able to scan only about 60 percent of the baby's neurons. But this turned out to be enough for the information entered into the computer to begin to develop on its own. This story was not without a criminal motive. Some American prodigy, obsessed with computers, managed to “hack” the project’s security program through a computer network and copy several dozen files from it. This is how Sid’s “unauthorized and rather flawed” brother appeared. Fortunately, the child prodigy was “figured out” and the first attempt at “electronic kidnapping” in the history of mankind was stopped.
Unfortunately, the main details of the project remain in the shadows: how was the scanning carried out in practice, how quickly and successfully is the development of copied intelligence going, what is its real potential? Americans are in no hurry to share these secrets. And, very possibly, they have very serious reasons for this. The same Steam Rowler at a conference in Las Vegas was alarmed and vaguely hinted that the appearance of a virtual demon copied from a living person could have very serious and unpredictable consequences for our civilization.
EXPERIMENT "NAUTILUS"
- research on the passage of telepathic signals through a large layer of water. On July 25, 1959, a mysterious passenger boarded the American nuclear submarine Nautilus. The boat immediately left the port and plunged into the depths of the Atlantic Ocean for sixteen days. During all this time, no one saw the nameless passenger - he never left the cabin. But twice a day he sent the captain leaflets with strange signs. Either it was a star, then a cross, or two wavy lines... Captain Anderson placed the sheets of paper in an envelope impenetrable to light, put the date, hour and his signature. A frightening vulture stood above; "Top secret. If there is a danger of the submarine being captured, destroy it!" When the boat docked at the port of Croyton, the passenger was met by an escort who took him to a military airfield, and from there to Maryland. Soon he was talking with the director of the biological sciences department at the Research Directorate Air Force USA Colonel William Bowers. He took from the safe an envelope with the inscription "Research Center, H. Friendship, Maryland." The mysterious passenger, whom Bowers called Lieutenant Jones, produced his package marked "Nautilus". They laid out the sheets of paper side by side, in accordance with the dates. More than 70 percent of the characters in both envelopes matched...
This information was voiced in the late 1950s by two French conspiracy theorists - Louis Pauvel and Jacques Bergier. Their article did not pass the attention of Soviet authorities protecting the country from a potential aggressor. On March 26, 1960, the Minister of Defense, Marshal of the USSR Malinovsky, received a report from engineer-colonel, candidate of sciences Poletaev:
“The American Armed Forces have adopted telepathy (transfer of thoughts over a distance without the help of technical means) as a means of communication with submarines at sea. Scientific research on telepathy has been going on for a long time, but since the end of 1957, large US research organizations have become involved in the work: Rand Corporation, Westinghouse, Bell Telephone Company and others. At the end of the work, an experiment was carried out - the transfer of information using telepathic communication from the base to the Nautilus submarine, which was submerged under polar ice at a distance of up to 2000 kilometers from the base. The experiment was successful."
Refutations poured in that the Nautilus was never used for such experiments, that during the period described it did not go to sea at all. Nevertheless, after this publication, similar experiments were repeatedly carried out in different countries, including in the USSR (Experiment "Arctic Circle").
The minister, as expected, was keenly interested in such an amazing success of a potential enemy. Several secret meetings were held with the participation of Soviet parapsychology specialists. The possibility of opening works to study the phenomenon of telepathy in military and military medical aspects was discussed, but at that time they ended in nothing.
In the mid-1990s, correspondents from the Chicago magazine Zis Week conducted a series of interviews with the captain of the Nautilus Anderson. His answer was categorical: “There were definitely no experiments in telepathy. The article by Povel and Bergier is completely false. On July 25, 1960, the day on which, according to the authors, the Nautilus went to sea to conduct a telepathic communication session, the boat was in dry dock in Portsmouth.
These statements were verified by journalists through their channels and turned out to be true.
According to the author of the book “Parapsychological Warfare: Threat or Illusion,” Martin Ebon was behind the articles about Nautilus. USSR State Security Committee! The purpose of the “duck,” according to the author, is quite original: to convince the Central Committee of the CPSU to give the go-ahead to begin similar work in the Union. They say that party leaders, brought up in the spirit of dogmatic materialism, were prejudiced against idealistic parapsychology. The only thing that could push them to launch relevant research was information about successful developments abroad.
EXPERIMENT "Arctic Circle"
- a global experiment on “distant transmission of mental images”, conducted in June 1994 on the initiative of the Novosibirsk Institute of General Pathology and Human Ecology. This large-scale scientific event involved several thousand volunteers, researchers and psychic operators from twenty countries. Telepathic signals were transmitted from different continents, from special hypomagnetic chambers that isolate the Earth’s magnetic field, from anomalous zones planets, such as, for example, the “Perm Triangle” and the “Black Devil” cave in Khakassia...
The results of the experiment, according to Novosibirsk scientists, confirmed the reality of the existence of mental connections between people. "The Arctic Circle" is a natural continuation of research begun in the last century. Here is a brief chronology of scientific research in this area:
- ...1875. The famous chemist A. Butlerov, who also studied anomalous phenomena, put forward an electroinduction hypothesis to explain the phenomenon of transmission of thoughts over a distance.
- ...1886. English researchers E. Gurney, F. Myers and F. Podmore used the term “telepathy” to refer to this phenomenon (for the first time).
- ...1887. Professor of Philosophy, Psychology and Physiology at Lvov University Yu. Okhorovich made a detailed substantiation of Butlerov’s hypothesis.
Serious experiments in the field of telepathy were carried out in 19T9-1927 by Academician V. Bekhterev at the Leningrad Institute for Brain Research. At this time, the famous engineer B. Kazhinsky conducted the same experiments. Remember A. Belyaev’s science fiction novel “Lord of the World” (1929). The plot of this work is as follows: in the hands of immoral people there is an invention that allows one to read and record people’s thoughts, as well as transmit reliable mental orders using special emitters. The book is entirely based on the scientific ideas of Bernard Bernardovich Kazhinsky. To emphasize this, Belyaev even named the positive hero - Kaczynsky, changing only one letter in Kazhinsky's surname...
The results obtained by Bekhterev and Kazhinsky, judging by the available data, confirmed the existence of the phenomenon of transmission of thoughts over a distance. In 1932, the Leningrad Brain Institute received a state task from the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR to intensify experimental research in the field of telepathy. Scientific leadership was entrusted to Professor L. Vasiliev.
The Laboratory of Biophysics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Moscow), headed by Academician P. Lazorev, also received a corresponding order. The performer of the theme, ordered by the military, and therefore classified as classified, was Professor S. Turlygin. The memories of these people have been preserved: “We have to admit that there really is a certain physical agent that establishes the interaction of two organisms with each other,”; stated Professor S. Turlygin. “Neither shielding nor distance worsened the results,” admitted Professor L. Vasiliev.
- ...In September 1958 (according to some publications), by order of the USSR Minister of Defense, Marshal R. Malinovsky, several closed meetings were held on the study of the phenomenon of telepathy. The head of the Main Military Medical Directorate, Professor L. Vasilyev, Professor P. Gulyaev and other specialists were present...
- ...1960. A special laboratory has been organized at the Physiological Institute (Leningrad) to study telepathic phenomena.
- ...1965-1968. In Akademgorodok near Novosibirsk, at the Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, an extensive program of telepathic research on humans and animals was carried out;
Closed research in parapsychology was carried out at the Moscow Institute of Brain of the USSR Academy of Sciences, at the Institute of Information Transmission Problems (IPPI) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in other institutes and laboratories. Secret experiments were carried out with the active participation of the military using expensive equipment, including the use of submarines.
- ...1969. By order of the Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee P. Demichev, a special meeting of the commission was held to investigate the problem of parapsychological phenomena and the reasons for increasing public interest in them. The whole flower of Russian psychology gathered - A. Luria, A. Lyuboevich, V. Zinchenko... They were given the task of dispelling the myth about the existence of the parapsychological movement in the USSR. The results of the activities of this commission are reflected in the ninth issue of the journal "Questions of Psychology" for 1973 . Despite everything, it still says: “There is a phenomenon...”
The existence of the phenomenon was confirmed by the global experiment (“Arctic Circle”) of Novosibirsk scientists. But the mass consciousness still perceives telepathic phenomena as some kind of fiction, a hoax. Probably because the true nature of this phenomenon has not yet found a clear explanation.
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Experiments classified as "Top Secret"
April 7th, 2015
We are used to thinking that cruel and inhumane experiments on people were carried out only in concentration camps Nazi Germany. Unfortunately, the truth is much worse - such experiments began to be carried out back in the 19th century, moreover, in the USA.
Here are some of them …
SCALPELS
Beginning in 1840, American physician James Marion Sims, considered the “founder of modern gynecology,” conducted a variety of surgical research. He used African slaves as experimental mice for his experiments, on whom he performed surgical operations WITHOUT anesthesia. One of the women was operated on this way 30 times! Slaves often died - but this did not stop the “scientist”. Dr. Sims also studied the causes of spasms of the chewing muscles in children - so he experimented on the children of black slaves, performing jaw operations on them using... a shoe awl.
BACTERIA
Another “pioneer” of American medicine, Dr. Arthur Wentworth, inserted a metal needle into the spinal cord of 29 children (the so-called “lumbar puncture”) to test how harmful it was. Moreover, the children’s parents did not even know what kind of experiments the “doctor” was conducting on their children.
From 1913 to 1951, the chief surgeon of the Californian San Quentin prison, Dr. Leo Stanley, conducted hundreds of experiments on prisoners. Stanley transplanted generative organs taken from executed criminals, wild boars and rams into criminals, carried out forced sterilization operations and other “scientific” experiments.
In the mid-1880s, a California doctor working at a leper hospital in Hawaii “in scientific purposes"infected six minor girls with the syphilis virus. Not far from him was the New York pediatrician Henry Heyman, who deliberately infected two mentally retarded boys with gonorrhea. IN scientific literature In the 19th and 20th centuries, about 40 experiments of this kind were described - when doctors deliberately infected children with sexually transmitted diseases.
But venereal diseases will seem like flowers if you remember the story of how American military doctors infected five Filipino prisoners with bubonic plague. And in 1906, Harvard University professor Richard Strong infected 24 Filipino prisoners with cholera (13 of them died).
In 1908, three Philadelphia doctors infected several dozen orphans with tuberculosis, causing some of them to go blind. In the published results of their research, these “doctors” referred to the children they maimed as “Material Used.”
There are a great many cases of deliberate infection of prisoners, mentally retarded patients and orphans. American “doctors” infected people with syphilis, molluscum contagiosum, malaria, herpes, hepatitis, transplanted cancer cells into them, etc.
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS
Military doctors also managed to distinguish themselves in the field of conducting experiments on their own kind. In 1950, to simulate a germ warfare situation, two airplanes sprayed a large number of powder containing the bacteria Serratia marcescens. As a result, many city residents fell ill with pneumonia and died. Experiments with the bacterium Serratia marcescens continued until 1969.
In 1955, CIA "researchers" sprayed whooping cough bacteria into the Tampa Bay area of Florida, immediately causing a massive epidemic of the disease. At least 12 people have died.
In 1956 and 1957, the US military released millions of mosquitoes infected with yellow fever and dengue fever into the wild in Georgia and Florida. At the height of the outbreak, soldiers from the Pentagon, masquerading as civilian doctors, traveled to infected cities and photographed sick people for their reports.
American “researchers” did not shy away from conducting experiments on their own army. Thus, from 1963 to 1969, as part of the Ship Vulnerability and Defense (SHAD) project, several types of bacteriological and chemical weapons. Moreover, the crews of the ships did not suspect anything when the “native Pentagon” began to pour sarin, VX gas and cadmium salts on them.
In the late 1960s, the US military introduced Bacillus subway bacteria into the New York and Chicago subways. The experiment was proudly called “Studying the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers to Hidden Biological Attacks.”
RADIATION
In 1949, Operation Green Run was carried out in Washington state, during which an area of 2,000 square kilometers was contaminated radioactive isotopes iodine and xenon. There were three small towns on the territory, but this did not stop the military.
In 1953, the American Commission on Nuclear Energy(AEC) at the University of Iowa conducted experiments on pregnant women. They were exposed to radioactive iodine-131 to induce an induced abortion. In another experiment, AEC staff fed radioactive iodine to 25 newborns, and in another to 65 infants.
In 1946-1947, "researchers" at the University of Rochester gave six subjects small doses of uranium-234 and uranium-235 to find out how much radiation their kidneys could withstand.
From 1945 to 1947, 16 people were injected with plutonium-238 and plutonium-239 as part of the Manhattan Project. One of them was Albert Stevens, who was deliberately given a false diagnosis of stomach cancer and began to be “treated” with injections of plutonium (naturally, the patient was not told anything about plutonium). The ashes left after Albert's cremation are kept in several research institutes— it is still radioactive.
To see how radioactive materials penetrate the maternal placenta, in the mid-40s, “researchers” from Vanderbilt University gave 829 (!) pregnant women a solution of radioactive iron salts to drink. At the same time, women were told that it was a “vitamin drink.” Some newborns, like their mothers, developed cancer and died.
From 1948 to 1954, “scientists” at Johns Hopkins Hospital inserted radium rods into the noses of Baltimore schoolchildren as part of a government program. In total, 582 schoolchildren underwent this “adenoid treatment” procedure.
In 1954, as part of Project Bravo, the Americans dropped a nuclear bomb on the Marshall Islands, as a result of which 236 local residents were deliberately exposed to radiation. One of them died, the rest fell ill with radiation sickness.
In 1957, the military detonated another nuclear bomb in Nevada. According to some estimates, this resulted in from 1,000 to 20,000 deaths of ordinary Americans who were reached by the radioactive cloud.
CHEMISTRY
From 1942 to 1944, American military chemists tested the effects of mustard gas on American soldiers, a toxic substance with a blister effect on the skin. The “researchers” worked to improve the quality of gas masks; they were not interested in the health of recruits suffocating from mustard gas.
In 1950, warriors sprayed toxic compounds (including cadmium salts) over six American and Canadian cities.
Many have heard about the drug Agent Orange, which the US military used in Vietnam. The main active ingredient of Orange is the strongest carcinogen dioxin. Orange was produced by Dow Chemicals. To prove to the military that they were buying “the right thing,” Dow Chemicals conducted studies in which dioxin was administered to 70 American black prisoners.
PSYCHIATRY
In 1957, as part of the famous CIA project MK-Ultra, Dr. Evan Cameron began studying brainwashing techniques on mentally ill people. He put patients into an insulin coma, which could last up to 88 days, and then erased their memory with electric shock. One of this "researcher's" patients received a total of 360 electroshock sessions. Cameron's task was to develop a method for completely erasing a person's personality. He locked one of his charges in the ward and played a tape recording of a suggestive phrase on the speakers like “you are a good wife and mother, and people like to be in your company...”. The poor guy listened to this recording continuously for 100 days in a row.
As part of the same “MK-Ultra” in the late 60s, Professors Kligman and Copelan fed 320 prisoners at Holmesburg Prison with psychotropic substances in order to find out for each substance a dose sufficient to neutralize 50% of the enemy personnel.
From 1940 to 1953, Laretta Bender, a highly respected specialist in child psychiatry in the United States, was engaged in testing the effects of electric shock on hundreds of children in one of the New York hospitals. Laretta gave some children with schizophrenia two sessions of electric shock a day for three weeks.
A broad program for the study of “special” interrogation methods began in 2002 - the main specialists in the development of methods were James Mitchell and Bruce Lessen, who took the phenomenon of acquired helplessness as a basis.
Experimental studies of this condition were carried out on the basis of Pavlov's classical conditioning - that is, only on dogs. But the specialists had a contract, the purpose of which was to develop methods for extracting information from people, so they began experiments on people, without really thinking about the legality or moral and ethical side of such activities...
But this was hardly the only known US program to conduct experiments on humans.
Unfortunately, anyone who talks about human experiments carried out by Americans is perceived by others as a crazy conspiracy theorist, inventing unprovable nonsense, and in order to destroy this stereotype, the guys from Vice decided to collect the most high-profile programs of such experiments that have taken place.
In the best traditions Cold War, the US military loved to test various strategies on its own people. Military research often requires the initiation of a “controlled” attack, and it was for this purpose that experimenters once exposed thousands of American soldiers to mustard gas, and Navy personnel, for example, were studied on the effect of nerve gas on the human body - the substance was simply sprayed on the deck and inside ventilation system without the consent of the ship's crew.
One that received a lot of publicity at the time was Operation LAC (Large area coverage) - a series of tests between 1957 and 1958, which consisted of spraying large volumes of a “mixture” of cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide over certain regions of the United States from aircraft and water transport. Without notifying the residents of the sprayed cities and states, of course.
Some of the regions over which the experimental composition was sprayed had a high population density. Later, when the information was declassified, frightened scientists decided to re-examine the results of the operation and discovered that the tests were “not at all dangerous.”
In 1950, the same innovators from the US military-industrial complex decided to test the “efficacy” of the bacterium Serratia marcescens by spraying it over San Francisco. A little later, one of the residents of the city - Edward Nevin - died from an infectious heart lesion caused by the same Serratia marcescens.
Ten years later, American scientists decided to test the effects of Bacillus hay on passengers in the Chicago and New York subway systems by spraying the bacterium into the ventilation systems. As it turned out, such “biological weapons” turned out to be completely harmless. But it is unlikely that the military would test something, knowing that this “something” is completely harmless. And the very fact of violating ethical standards...
However, the results of Operation Whitecoat were not so modest. During the Korean War, those who did not want to serve and simply pacifists were often recruited to work as military doctors, and since 1953 they were given the opportunity to become medical guinea pigs and, having given these volunteers the nickname “white coats,” they began to be stuffed with experimental vaccines and bacteria. None of them died during the study itself at the Fort Detrick laboratory, but a decade after the study was wound down, a study followed the long-term impact: many of the then test subjects now experienced constant severe migraines and suffered from persistent asthma. And this, not to mention the fact that only ¼ of the original number of “white coats” remained alive.
The second terrible part of the Manhattan Project - besides, obviously, the destruction of two populated cities - was that its implementation spurred further research into the effects of radiation on the human body.
In addition to sending squads of infantrymen closer to the “nuclear mushrooms,” researchers did not hesitate to add small portions of radioactive substances directly into people’s bodies: some private and government research laboratories either simply injected volunteers with “nuclear energy” or fed them milk and beef, which in turn were a product of livestock on a “radioactive diet”. A 1986 Congressional report entitled "American Guinea Pigs: Three Decades of Radiation Experiments on US Citizens" names radioactive elements such as plutonium, polonium, radium and thorium.
In 1956 and 1958, tired, most likely, from experiments with radiation, the US Chemical, Biological and Radiation Defense Forces decided to release millions of mosquitoes over the states of Florida and Georgia to analyze the approximate rate of spread of amaryllium fever. It is worth noting that even then the presence of fever was observed in these regions, so scientists only needed to increase the number of carriers of the disease - the insects themselves were not infected.
Between the 1940s and 1970, the CIA guys killed over a hundred people and made many more mentally ill while trying to figure out how drugs (particularly LSD) could be used to control a person's mind.
SUMMARY
At the end of World War II, some fascists received a death sentence at the Nuremberg trials for their inhumane experiments. But in the USA they try not to remember their Nazi doctors. Most likely, everything described here is just the tip of the iceberg. It’s just that truly massive and terrible experiments have been classified a long time ago. It is not for nothing that in 1947, the already mentioned Atomic Energy Commission issued a document called “Medical Experiments on Humans,” in which it was written in black and white: “It is desirable that during experiments on humans no documents are drawn up that could cause negative public reaction... Documents containing similar information, should be classified."
To this day, not a single American official has been convicted of inhumane experiments on its own citizens. Many victims of these experiments have still not received not only any compensation, but even any complete information about what poisons and diseases were tested on them.
sources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentation_in_the_United_States
http://www.ridus.ru/news/175010
Let's remember again how they were used. And here's another The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy was made -Over time, experiments exploring ethics and human behavior have gone beyond the scope. In contrast to independent experiments, when scientists do not want to harm the subjects and take their role themselves, there are those in which people in white coats immerse themselves in their plans and play on the feelings of living people. So in some cases, the role of subjects is taken by prisoners, slaves and even family members of scientists. Here are the ten most evil scientific experiments ever conducted on humans.
One of the most famous psychological experiments in ordinary circles. It was conducted in 1971 by the American psychologist Philip Zimbardo and was a study of a person’s reaction to restriction of freedom in prison life, as well as the influence social role per person. The scientist took 24 bachelor's students as volunteers, whom he considered the most healthy and psychologically stable, and then placed them in the basement of the psychology department, where he thought through everything to the smallest detail - the clothes of the “taskers,” their powers, cameras, and even the supervisory post. The “prisoners,” by the way, to make it more plausible, were forcibly taken from their homes and registered according to all the rules in a real police department, and then brought to the basement.
All the guys got used to their roles so quickly that, contrary to expectations, dangerous situations and hostility began to arise between them. Thus, sadistic tendencies were discovered in every third guard, and the prisoners, in turn, were severely traumatized morally, and some physically. Two participants were prematurely excluded. Already on the second day there was a riot here - the guards voluntarily went to work overtime without leadership, and a riot began among the prisoners, after which they were calmed down with fire extinguishers. After this incident, the guards (on Zambardo's orders) began to pit the prisoners against each other, making them think that there were so-called “informants” in their ranks. However, the experiment was originally conceived in order to help participants get used to identification numbers, but in reality it turned into an hour-long ordeal during which the guards tormented the prisoners and subjected them to physical punishment.
The psychologist was soon accused and criticized, to which he publicly stated that he would “blame the abuse on a few ‘black sheep’” instead of recognizing it as a systemic problem of the officially established military system, much easier."
Project 4.1
Project 4.1 is a secret medical study by the United States government on the Marshall Islanders who were exposed to radiation after nuclear test at Bikini Atoll on March 1, 1954. Americans did not expect such an effect from radioactive contamination: miscarriages and stillbirths among women doubled in the first five years after the tests, and many of those who survived soon developed cancer.
The US Department of Energy commented on the experiments: “...Research on the effects of radiation on people could be carried out in parallel with the treatment of radiation victims.” And further: “...The population of the Marshall Islands was used in the experiment as guinea pigs.”
Project MKULTRA
Project MKULTRA is the code name of a secret program of the American branch of the CIA, the purpose of which was to search and study means of manipulating consciousness, for example, for recruiting agents or for extracting information during interrogations, in particular, through the use of psychotropic chemicals (affecting human consciousness) .
However, the participants in the experiments were completely unsuspecting people - those who sought help at the Allan Memorial Institute with minor problems, such as anxiety neuroses or postpartum depression. Participants in the experiments were continuously injected with chemicals or electrical shocks into a comatose state over several months and were forced to listen to tape-recorded sounds or simple repeated commands. The purpose of these experiments was to develop methods for erasing memory and completely remaking personality.
As is known, this program existed back in the early 50s and at least until the end of the 60s, and according to a number of indirect signs, it continued later. The CIA deliberately destroyed key files of the MKULTRA program in 1973, which significantly hampered the US Congress' investigation into its activities in 1975.
Project "Aversia"
A secret program carried out by the South African Army from 1970 to 1989. Its essence was to clear the army ranks of military personnel of non-traditional sexual orientation. Any means, both barbaric and medical, were accepted: from electric shock treatment to chemical castration. And those who did not respond to this type of treatment were sent to shock therapy, where they were forced to take hormonal drugs and even undergo gender reassignment surgery. The exact number of victims is unknown, however, according to army doctors, about 1,000 military personnel were purged; these were young white men aged 16 to 24 years.
Nazi experiments
A series of medical experiments on people by Nazi scientists is perhaps the most insensitive phenomenon in human history. The scale of these experiments is scary to even imagine, and the number of territories set up for concentration camps during the Second World War is beyond comprehension.
The main figure in these experiments was Joseph Mengele, a German doctor who conducted experiments on prisoners of the Auschwitz camp. He had a passion for twins, and also showed an interest in physiological abnormalities, in particular dwarfs. Much of Mengele's work involved experiments on prisoners, including dissecting live babies; castration of boys and men without the use of anesthetics; Among other things, he subjected women to high-voltage electric shocks to test their endurance. He once even sterilized a group of Polish nuns using X-rays. During his 21 months of work in Auschwitz, he earned a reputation as one of the most dangerous Nazis and received the nickname Angel of Death. He personally met trains of prisoners arriving at the camp, and he himself decided which of them would work in the camp, who would go to his experiments, and who would immediately go to the gas chamber. Not counting the crippled lives of his subjects, during his work the doctor sent more than 400,000 people to gas chambers and death camps.
Johnson's monstrous experiment
This psychological experiment, in the field speech development, took place in 1939, and involved 22 orphans from Davenport. Wendell Johnson, a scientist at the University of Iowa, conducted it together with his graduate student Mary Tudor. The essence of the experiment was to teach two groups of children correct speech, but children from one were cherished and praised, and children from the other were scolded and ridiculed. Thus, scientists wanted to test and confirm the theory that psychological pressure causes speech delay in children and entails symptoms of stuttering. As a result, children without any problems with speech, as a result, formed and then developed pronounced symptoms of stuttering. However, the details of this experiment surfaced only in 2001. It became known that the children from the experimental group were treated much worse than expected - they were oppressed, shouted at and succumbed to morally unstable situations, after which many children were left with mental disorders. After this scandal, the University of Iowa issued a public apology, and the six now elderly subjects who sued the university were paid compensation in the amount of nine hundred thousand dollars each.
North Korean experiments
Articles about experiments on prisoners in prison have repeatedly appeared in the press. North Korea, but the government of this country stubbornly denies them, saying they treat their prisoners humanely. However, one former prisoner did talk about some cases, such as, for example, an experiment with eating poisoned cabbage leaves, after which 50 healthy prisoners experienced bloody vomiting and hemorrhage, and then they died. The prisoners were motivated by the fact that if they did not agree to participate in secret research, there would be reprisals against their families. Also, from Kwon Hyuk, the former security chief of the local prisons, detailed descriptions of gas chambers in prisons for experiments on blood became known, as a result of which several families were even killed.
Toxicological laboratory of the USSR
A special secret research unit within the structure of the state security agencies of the USSR, engaged in research in the field of toxic substances and poisons. Special services of the NKVD and NKGB worked here, which were engaged in secret operations devoted to the development and testing of toxic substances, and also here they studied the effects of these substances on prisoners sentenced to capital punishment. In a number of publications dedicated to covert operations Soviet state security agencies, this laboratory is also called “Laboratory 1”, “Laboratory 12” and “Camera”.
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
This medical experiment lasted from 1932 to 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama. The study was conducted under the auspices of the US Public Health Service and aimed to examine all stages of syphilis in African Americans. But local scientists hid the fact of the existence of penicillin from the subjects, and continued testing experimental substances, supposedly in search of medicines. As a result, many people suffered, while others died from syphilis, infecting their wives and children. The experiment has been called perhaps the most disgraceful biomedical research in American history.
Unit 731
This is a special unit of the Japanese armed forces that was engaged in research in the field biological weapons in order to prepare for bacteriological warfare, but they carried out experiments on living people (prisoners of war and kidnapped). Experiments were conducted here to determine the amount of time a person can live under the influence of various factors, such as boiling water, drying, food deprivation, water deprivation, freezing, electric shock, vivisection of people and much more. Thus, during the experiments, about ten thousand innocent people were maimed, including infants.
Super soldiers of the USSR
This cemetery on the outskirts of Vitebsk abuts the river; For decades, water washed away the banks, ravines grew, and old graves collapsed into these ravines year after year. It is under these ravines that a path runs, leading fishermen to the fishing spots of the river, and those who want to simply relax and swim - to the sandy beaches. Walking along this path is always unpleasant: here and there someone’s old bones, unrotten rags of the dead, and little recognizable pieces of coffins stick out from the earth that has fallen from the ravine. Passing by, some travelers try not to look at all this, while others look with interest at the sad traces of the destruction of human flesh. It was there that Vitebsk resident Sergei Konovalenko saw something unusual and strange in 1994: human remains with amazing prosthetic arms and legs....
The remains were those of an adult, apparently male. Four dull stainless steel prosthetics surrounded the skeletal torso of a dead man, half decayed by time. The skull was missing (most likely washed into the river by the rains), and the toes on the prosthetic toes were missing. The prosthetic legs to a certain extent copied the shape of the corresponding bones, connected by a hinge, and had metal feet that were very similar, but rather crudely copied real human ones. The prosthetic hands were hollow steel tubes, shaped like the corresponding hand bones; they were connected by a simple hinge, had hands and two metal fingers - a thumb and an index finger. The phalanges of the fingers were also connected by hinges. The natural bones of the remaining fingers were missing, most likely separated from the decomposed body in the grave.
The surprising thing was that these prostheses were not prostheses in the usual sense, that is, prosthetic limbs, but were prosthetic bones. They had to be surrounded by flesh, and they had to be moved by muscles.
These prostheses did not have a smooth, polished surface throughout, but were rough in some places, with protrusions and grooves similar to those found on human bones. Most likely, this was intended for muscle attachment. And - what is most surprising - on each prosthesis there was an image of a small star with a hammer and sickle in the center and the inscription under it “Kharkov. 05.39. ASCH". And this, as Sergei Konovalenko believed, meant military production.
There was something to be surprised about, especially since Konovalenko had medical education and understood that this find was something completely unusual. Having examined the prosthetics (which, by the way, did not have any traces of rust and were made, perhaps, from rare alloys), he left them in place - either out of respect for the dead, or out of fear of the dead. There were other remains nearby, and there was a cemetery nearby. Taking the bones or even prosthetics of the dead from the cemetery is a blasphemous act for a decent person. Konovalenko did not take them, but was determined to find out everything he could about it. When two days later he went fishing again past this place, he did not see either the artificial limbs or the remains of their owner: either they were washed into the river by the rain, or the teenagers carried them away. It’s a pity, because real evidence of the secret experiments of Stalinist scientists to create a “superman” has disappeared.
In 1995, when we met Sergei Konovalenko, he had already conducted an entire investigation and knew a lot. I knew, for example, that in Vitebsk before the war there was a medical center for work in the field of military prosthetics. This center was carefully classified, and it addressed issues of “increasing the level of survival in war conditions and in extreme situations.” Komsomol volunteers from the Red Army served as experimental “meat” for the clinic. They had their bones replaced with special steel prostheses that held the soft tissues of their arms and legs when they were detonated by a mine, when a shell exploded, or when they were hit by a bullet. In any case, unless, of course, soft tissue was torn off the bone prosthesis, the injury was of a “through-and-through” nature, not threatening the amputation of the limb. Typically, the grave consequences of such a wound were caused by crushed bones, and about 80 percent of wounds at the front occurred on the extremities. Replacing them with steel prosthetics greatly increased the viability of the army.
Moreover, Sergei Konovalenko showed us a video film that he, according to him, brought from Bryansk. It was a copy of a service demonstration film made before the war for the country's military leadership. Watching this short (12 minutes) film turned out to be creepy. A Red Army soldier with a shaved head is cut open and the bones are taken out (through a cut at the knee). At the same time, the leg itself - without bones - crumples in the hands of surgeons, like a deflated inner tube of a moped or like clothing - a terrible sight. A metal prosthesis is inserted into this boneless sleeve. All this is accompanied by a cheerful comment from the announcer that the operation takes place without anesthesia, and the Komsomol volunteer does not experience pain and his sensations are extremely pleasant: the center of pain has been removed from his brain. And indeed: the soldier’s face breaks into a stupid smile when the surgeons crumple and fold his boneless leg like a thick sleeve.
It is really difficult to intimidate such a soldier with torture. Such a soldier will scare anyone to the bone...
The second plot of the film shows another Komsomol member of the Red Army, who is shy - well, what's wrong with that? - he watches with a smile as they cut his arm at the elbow with a scalpel - they cut the veins, tendons, muscles. Blood flows like a fountain. The cheerful voice of the announcer reassures us that the soldier does not feel pain at all, and the wound inflicted on him will be immediately sewn up by surgeons: if we cut ourselves, we will sew it up ourselves. Everything will grow into the most short time, since “the Red Army soldier does not experience a painful shock that depresses the body’s defenses.”
Such fighters could go through fire and water. They are not afraid of injury, they do not care about the torture and horrors of the Gestapo dungeons and concentration camps. Wounded - tied up the wound. If my arm is torn off, we’ll tie a strap around the artery and we’ll calmly carry on with our work. According to Konovalenko, before the war a whole class of this “school of monsters” was made, and many of them ended up in intelligence units. However, the production process had a significant percentage of defects: many died after such operations to replace bones with prostheses, and among the soldiers deprived of a pain center, the majority after a short time went crazy or developed brain pathology.
New data
American historian Jeff Strasberg in the monograph “ Secret weapon Soviets" (New York, 1988), in the chapter on the Soviet period of the thirties, reports the same thing (it should be clarified that although Strasberg’s work was published before Konovalenko’s discovery and his research, it came to us with a nine-year delay - only in 1997 year). Strasberg writes that from 1936 to 1941, a unique project was carried out in the USSR to create a super soldier: the bones of the limbs were replaced with titanium prostheses, and a gold electrode was implanted into the area of the brain responsible for pain, preventing the sensation of pain.
Two circumstances became an obstacle to the mass introduction of the invention of military doctors into the army masses: the high cost of elements (prostheses and gold threads) and a large percentage of negative results. Nevertheless, Strasberg claims, by the beginning of the war, half of the “super clinic” graduates (about 300 people) were distributed - with secrecy - to military districts, and the other half formed an entirely special airborne unit, redeployed to the Brest region, on the very border, beyond a week before the German attack. This unit was completely destroyed on the very first day of the war by an artillery attack by the Wehrmacht - not a single person was left alive.
Strasberg writes that the KGB took a non-disclosure agreement from all graduates of the clinic, and disclosure meant inevitable death. In 1945, American troops captured a secret Nazi medical center in West Germany, where they found several dozen autopsied corpses of Soviet soldiers who had steel prostheses instead of bones. Among them was even the corpse of an officer with metal ribs (!). In addition, they also discovered structurally modified corpses of dwarf pilots, for whom special aircraft were created in the USSR: due to their smaller body size, dwarfs were less vulnerable to enemy fire and made it possible to have a larger military load (more ammunition, fuel).
Since the beginning of the war, work Soviet center production of super-soldiers ceased and was never resumed: almost all the doctors working in the clinic died in the war, and after the war Soviet leadership considered that such studies have no prospects. Became relevant atomic bomb, missiles, biological weapons. The Super Soldier has been rendered obsolete.
The USSR created something that no one else had thought of. All this today is perceived as a miracle, as a unique thing in the history of mankind. No one other than the USSR, according to Strasberg, has ever been involved in the creation of such strange military technologies. And yet, the research of Soviet military doctors was decades ahead of military scientific thought. Only now have secret laboratories around the world begun to work on projects to change the biological properties of humans to increase their survival in combat conditions.
...It is difficult for us to imagine ourselves as a person with iron bones and a golden thread in the brain that allows us not to feel pain. What did these people feel? It is undeniable that they understood that they were sacrificing themselves to win the war. These are not suicide bombers, not kamikazes, no. They didn't commit suicide. On the contrary, their new capabilities allowed them not to die where others died. But they sacrificed a lot for this, putting themselves in the hands of designers of the human body.
Engineers created drawings of a new human body, they were refined, changed, approved. The USSR was the first in the world to demonstrate that the human body is only a constructor. The construction set is red, as many people now call it scary.
Aliens in uniform
Soviet intelligence services in search of deadly weapons. They were taught to shoot down planes with the power of their minds, and interrogate the enemy across the ocean. Secret materials of the General Staff. Where were the super soldiers of the future made? Aliens under the scalpel of intelligence. In what laboratory were Chumak and Kashpirovsky taken out? Where did the famous alien from outer space actually come from?
MOVIE :
Ethics scientific research was updated after the end of World War II. In 1947, the Nuremberg Code was developed and adopted, which continues to protect the well-being of research participants. However, previously scientists did not hesitate to experiment on prisoners, slaves, and even members of their own families, violating all human rights. This list contains the most shocking and unethical cases.
10. Stanford Prison Experiment
In 1971, a team of Stanford University scientists led by psychologist Philip Zimbardo conducted a study of human reactions to restrictions on freedom in prison conditions. As part of the experiment, volunteers had to play the roles of guards and prisoners in the basement of the Faculty of Psychology building, equipped as a prison. The volunteers quickly got used to their duties, however, contrary to the predictions of scientists, terrible and dangerous incidents began to occur during the experiment. A third of the “guards” showed pronounced sadistic tendencies, while many “prisoners” were psychologically traumatized. Two of them had to be excluded from the experiment ahead of time. Zimbardo, concerned about the antisocial behavior of the subjects, was forced to stop the study early.
9. Monstrous experiment
In 1939, a graduate student at the University of Iowa, Mary Tudor, under the guidance of psychologist Wendell Johnson, performed an equally shocking experiment on the orphans of the Davenport orphanage. The experiment was devoted to studying the influence of value judgments on children's speech fluency. The subjects were divided into two groups. During the training of one of them, Tudor gave positive assessments and praised her in every possible way. She subjected the speech of children from the second group to severe criticism and ridicule. The experiment ended disastrously, which is why it later got its name. Many healthy children did not recover from the injury and suffered from speech problems throughout their lives. A public apology for the Monstrous Experiment was made by the University of Iowa only in 2001.
8. Project 4.1
The medical study, known as Project 4.1, was carried out by US scientists on residents of the Marshall Islands who became victims of radioactive contamination after the explosion of the American thermonuclear device Castle Bravo in the spring of 1954. In the first 5 years after the disaster on Rongelap Atoll, the number of miscarriages and stillbirths doubled, and developmental disorders appeared in surviving children. In the next decade, many of them developed thyroid cancer. By 1974, a third had developed neoplasms. As experts later concluded, the purpose of the medical program to help the local residents of the Marshall Islands was to use them as guinea pigs in a “radioactive experiment.”
7. Project MK-ULTRA
The secret CIA program MK-ULTRA to research means of mind manipulation was launched in the 1950s. The essence of the project was to study the influence of various psychotropic substances on human consciousness. The participants in the experiment were doctors, military personnel, prisoners and other representatives of the US population. The subjects, as a rule, did not know that they were being injected with drugs. One of the CIA's secret operations was called "Midnight Climax." In several brothels in San Francisco, male test subjects were selected, injected with LSD into their bloodstreams, and then filmed for study. The project lasted at least until the 1960s. In 1973, the CIA destroyed most of the MK-ULTRA program documents, causing significant difficulties in the subsequent US Congressional investigation into the matter.
6. Project "Aversia"
From the 70s to the 80s of the 20th century, an experiment was conducted in the South African army aimed at changing the gender of soldiers with non-traditional sexual orientation. During the top-secret Operation Aversia, about 900 people were injured. Suspected homosexuals were identified by army doctors with the assistance of priests. In a military psychiatric ward, subjects were subjected to hormonal therapy and electric shock. If soldiers could not be “cured” in this way, they faced forced chemical castration or sex reassignment surgery. The "aversion" was led by psychiatrist Aubrey Levin. In the 90s, he immigrated to Canada, not wanting to stand trial for the atrocities he committed.
5. Experiments on people in North Korea
North Korea has repeatedly been accused of conducting research on prisoners that violates human rights, however, the country's government denies all accusations, saying that the state treats them humanely. However, one of the former prisoners told the shocking truth. Before the eyes of the prisoner, a terrible, if not terrifying, experience appeared: 50 women, under the threat of reprisals against their families, were forced to eat poisoned cabbage leaves and died, suffering from bloody vomiting and rectal bleeding to the accompaniment of the screams of other victims of the experiment. There are eyewitness accounts of special laboratories equipped for experiments. Entire families became their targets. After a standard medical examination, the rooms were sealed and filled with asphyxiating gas, and the “researchers” watched through the glass from above as parents tried to save their children, giving them artificial respiration as long as they had strength left.
4. Toxicological laboratory of the USSR special services
A top-secret scientific unit, also known as the "Chamber", under the leadership of Colonel Mayranovsky, was engaged in experiments in the field of toxic substances and poisons such as ricin, digitoxin and mustard gas. Experiments were carried out, as a rule, on prisoners sentenced to capital punishment. Poisons were served to subjects under the guise of medicine along with food. The main goal of scientists was to find an odorless and tasteless toxin that would not leave traces after the death of the victim. Ultimately, scientists were able to discover the poison they were looking for. According to eyewitness accounts, after taking C-2, the test subject weakened, became quiet, as if he was shrinking, and died within 15 minutes.
3. Tuskegee Syphilis Study
The infamous experiment began in 1932 in the Alabama town of Tuskegee. For 40 years, scientists literally refused to treat patients with syphilis in order to study all stages of the disease. The victims of the experiment were 600 poor African-American sharecroppers. The patients were not informed about their illness. Instead of giving a diagnosis, doctors told people they had “bad blood” and offered free food and treatment in exchange for participating in the program. During the experiment, 28 men died from syphilis, 100 from subsequent complications, 40 infected their wives, and 19 children received a congenital disease.
2. "Unit 731"
Members of the Japanese Special Forces armed forces under the leadership of Shiro Ishii, they were engaged in experiments in the field of chemical and biological weapons. In addition, they are responsible for the most horrific experiments on people that history knows. The detachment's military doctors dissected living subjects, amputated the limbs of prisoners and sewed them to other parts of the body, and deliberately infected men and women with sexually transmitted diseases through rape in order to subsequently study the consequences. The list of Unit 731 atrocities is enormous, but many of its employees were never punished for their actions.
1. Nazi experiments on people
Medical experiments carried out by the Nazis during World War II claimed a huge number of lives. In concentration camps, scientists carried out the most sophisticated and inhumane experiments. At Auschwitz, Dr. Josef Mengele conducted studies of more than 1,500 pairs of twins. A variety of chemical substances to see if their color would change, and in an attempt to create conjoined twins, subjects were stitched together. Meanwhile, the Luftwaffe tried to find a way to treat hypothermia by forcing prisoners to lie in icy water for several hours, and at the Ravensbrück camp, researchers deliberately wounded prisoners and infected them with infections in order to test sulfonamides and other drugs.
