From one to two years: the main stages of development and maturation of a child. Development of children per year and four months Development of behavior, thinking and feelings

Thank you very much for the week! It turns out to be so easy and doesn't take a lot of time !!!

It would seem, but how much happiness a child has in his eyes when you play with him! 2 weeks have passed and I see changes in the child (1.6 years old), he began to invent / fantasize! For example, he takes a part from the designer and says that it is a car, shows how it goes! Eating a loaf of bread, pretends to be a steam locomotive and shouts "tu-tu" 😉

mom Victoria

Natalia, thank you very much for the interesting and very useful materials on games with children (I went through the Week of useful games and the Week of the first games).

Previously, I did not understand how to play with a child, the plots were not invented and everything was limited to something like the fact that one toy asks another, "What's your name?" etc. And it was terribly boring for me. And for some reason, I myself could not figure out that you can play out all the actions that a child does during the day. 🙂 After a week of the first games, they began to play with my daughter with pleasure and ease, and most importantly, I myself began to enjoy it. And what is important, in the training without unnecessary water, a psychological justification was given for the need to play with the child, and when you understand what and why you are doing, it is very motivating. Natalia, I am very glad to have met you and your wonderful and useful projects.

Alexander's mother

My tip for moms who have doubts about whether to go through a week of the first games. Definitely YES! For a symbolic cost, you will receive all the information to start playing with your child. You will start playing 100%!

I came to the Week for inspiration and got it in full)) I discovered the fairy-mom style! For communication with a child, a great find!
All tasks are given with examples and guidelines are given on how to detail the plot. My imagination is not very developed, so this is important for me.
I also liked the feedback! Thanks!

I am happy that I passed this Week with Natalia and her team)
Many thanks to you from me and my daughter!
And thanks to all the mothers of our Week, who posted their reports, I read everything and took it into my piggy bank!

mom Anna

Natalia, thank you so much for organizing such a week.

1. I came to her for inspiration and motivation. Honestly, the training manual for cellophane has been with me for a long time. But somehow it was not clear for me what to do with it, I could not make up my mind. A week moved the situation off the ground.

2. Life has become more interesting! Before a week passed, I felt that the game with my son began to weigh me down, came to some kind of dead end. I wanted to develop the plot, but my son is not holding it back yet. Now our games have been updated, it became interesting to play, watch how my child learns the world, and follow him in the process while offering new materials.

3. It began to develop my personal creativity, my relationship with my son has improved, I again became interested in being a mother!

4. From what was in the week, everything was enough for me. There was not enough time (this is how the circumstances are now). And if not for a week, I would have allocated time for playing with my son on a leftover basis.

The reports of other participants helped a lot. In them I found both options for games and support (something can go wrong - this is normal).

Natalia, I am very grateful to you!

mother Tatiana

Special thanks to all the participants who generously shared their experiences, ideas and findings. This is very valuable to me.

I liked it very much concreteness and conciseness of materials... For mothers in a hurry, this is a big plus! We have succeeded in the games based on the results of the Week! I judge this because the son repeatedly consulted the materials and initiated the games)

For myself, I noted that the format of the Week is not bad, but I always want to get mentoring or think about what could be better. As a way to think about a given topic on your own, look for ideas on your own and feed on co-creativity with other participants- it's great and effective.

Thank you all from the bottom of my heart! And I wish you interesting and creative games!

mom Nadezhda

The week captured us, carried away. My son and I had a wonderful and useful time. A huge plus for me in this project- this is theoretical material that was presented so easily and accessible. The second plus is that for each task a huge list of playing around situations, manipulating objects was offered. The third plus is the tuning mini-tips. For example, turn off the phone and tune in to play with the child, etc.

We came for a week with an informational purpose - to try to participate in the projects of this particular author. The result is excellent! We will take part in other projects of the author! We look forward to continuing!

Special thanks to the participants for detailed reports and tips.

Mom Julia

Natalia, thank you very much for organizing the week of object games! I hope that they will be held regularly (and for other games, too). We played with pleasure!
I'm not bored of playing with my child and I really like it, but it always seems that you can play even more interesting, more useful and more. I came here to get new ideas for games, to understand the possibilities of substantive activity (I probably underestimated it), to analyze my games and find gaps, and also to understand how the transition from one type of game to another occurs.
Goals achieved))).
I liked that:
1. In addition to games, teaching materials about games and early development, written in a simple and understandable language, were provided.
2. Games of varying difficulty were provided, the material was given from simple to complex (from research to playing with an object). You can choose according to the age and interests of the child.
3. Games do not require long, any special preparation, but are very lively and interesting.
4. There are a lot of games, not just for a week. You can continue to play further.
5. There is room for your own creativity! Starting to play with an object, you understand how and in what games you can still use it. And you understand - there are a lot of options! ..

And the coolest thing is that the child remembers the game, reproduces it and asks to repeat it !!!
Thanks again!

Mom Julia

What to look for in the development of a child at 1 year of life and subsequent months. Babies up to 2 years old are accumulating vocabulary, mastering pottery ...

For 12 months, parents watched with impatience and surprise how quickly their baby was changing. The development of a child at 1 year and the following months will no longer be so rapid, but adults still need to know what skills a baby should acquire and what to look for in his upbringing.

Year and 1 month

Your child may not have mastered enough new way movement - walking, does it uncertainly, waddling from side to side, like a bear. But the new horizons of the unidentified and unexplored opening before him allow the baby to study even more actively the world, which brings a lot of trouble to the family. Crawling for something interesting on the table or windowsill, the baby is not able to get down, so it must be constantly supervised.

Many parents underestimate the speech abilities of their baby, taking into account only his active vocabulary, which is still rather stingy: mom, lala, give - about 10 combinations of simple syllables. In fact, babies under two years old accumulate a passive vocabulary. For example, a child after a year already fully understands the simplest requests: give a ball, bring a cube.

What else can a child at 13 months do:

pushes, pulls toys;
is interested in household items, understands their purpose;
looking for communication with other kids;
experiments with his voice (increases, decreases intonation, makes new sounds).

Year and 2 months

After 13 months, children become more and more bored with the company of mom and dad, so try to walk with your child more often in places where there are many other children: sandpits, parks, play centers.

Achievements of the baby in a year and 2 months: distinguishes the voices of relatives from strangers, walks well without parental support, imitates the sounds of some animals, asks for help from parents with gestures and “in his own” words.

The enrichment of vocabulary is noticeable after the baby begins to fulfill many new requests from his relatives: come, show where ..., bring.

Thematic material:

The child shows feelings for loved ones and favorite toys: he can hug, kiss, regret.

Parents have more and more questions about upbringing, because the child's growing desire for self-expression results in whims and tantrums. If the child constantly answers with a firm "no" to all the proposals of adults, perhaps you yourself have gone too far with the prohibitions.

On the interrogative "Y?" try to explain and tell the crumbs in detail: what is, why it is needed, and why it is dangerous.

Year and 3 months

After the 15th month of life, the baby's desire for independence noticeably grows. Don't stop him. Have patience, change of clothes, food, and let the child eat and drink himself.

The same applies to other cases that are within the power of a crumb. Take your time to help if you know that your toddler is trying to grab a rolled toy or move his chair. Just be there.

What will delight the parents of a child at 15 months:

imitates the actions of adults: coughs, sneezes, bangs on the keyboard,
leafing through books, “talking on the phone”;
knows how to play "okay", say goodbye with a pen;
carries or pushes an object while walking;
"Checks" mom and dad, breaking the prohibitions.

Year 4 months

Many parents may notice unpleasant changes in the child's behavior - moodiness and changeable mood. Try to distract the baby, provide opportunities to “saturate” his sensory feelings, do not limit the knowledge of the world around him.

What does the baby do in a year and 4 months: indulges, standing on his fingers while walking, spinning; swears if his usual order is violated, for example, after something is rearranged or removed; begins to play the simplest story games (feeds, puts his favorite toys to bed); can refuse food, does not try new foods.

Up to two years old, a child needs to master pottery wisdom, after a year and 4 months comes the best time to familiarize yourself with this important subject. If you postpone the training process, the baby can get used to walking in panties.

Thematic material:

Year and 5 months

If after a year there were about 10 words in your child's dictionary, now their number is growing rapidly. This applies to most children, but parents, whose child has not yet spoken, should not worry. Up to three years of age, speech development occurs according to an individual schedule.

Of the new skills by the age of 17 months, children have the following: walk in a circle, know how to run; walking up the steps; add a few cubes; show resentment; know how to manipulate a spoon; climb into hard-to-reach places using supports (for example, a stool); know some parts of the body.

By this age, the child is capable of the simplest systematization of familiar objects. For example, at your request, he will collect only balls.

Year and 6 months

A child of one and a half years is noticeably different from a year old. This is already a fairly independent person who has completely mastered the actions with cutlery; performs some hygiene procedures (combing her hair, brushing her teeth, washing her hands, wiping herself off); plays himself for a long time; knows where and what is in his home; moves well, avoiding obstacles.

All this makes the baby feel important. But it is also important for him to know that you also perceive him as an adult. Consider this in your upbringing, support the child, praise for completing assignments, respect his personality.

Speech skills also need to be developed. Speak in correct, beautiful language. Do not go over to his simplified words like "bb", "av-av", of which, by the way, instead of 10, there are already more than 40 of them in the child's arsenal.

Children of one and a half years are able to distinguish several colors, recognize the simplest geometric shapes, understand how to assemble 2-3 pyramid rings in the required sequence.

Year and 7 months

After a year and a half, the baby learns to ignore some prohibitions. He understands perfectly well that it is impossible when enough is enough, but he consciously continues his actions.

Raising a baby can be further complicated by the fact that adults are not always able to figure out what he wants. This ends with outbursts of anger and spent crying.

Parents can only wish to be patient and learn to prevent such behavior. Do not overwork and overexcite your baby, avoid "controversial" situations, express your love more often.

The ability to distinguish shapes, sizes, colors appears from mental skills. An understanding comes that many actions lead to consequences, for example, a child squeezes her eyes shut, throwing an object on the floor.

Year and 8 months

After 20 months, children become more and more involved in the life of their parents. At this age, they may well be involved in the process of preparing dinner, setting the table, and even cleaning the house. Most likely, after this, household chores will only increase, but very soon the baby will become a real helper.

Sometimes it seems that the upbringing process has reached a dead end, because the child has a categorical "no" that is difficult to overcome. Do not worry, this is temporary, in the end, you can always agree, because adults are still more cunning than a little rebel.

After a year and a half, children are becoming more and more interested in their peers, now they do not just stand nearby, but take a direct part in joint games.

Year and 9 months

The irrepressible energy of babies 21 months old can only be envied. They endlessly run, jump, climb onto the backs of sofas and roll off them, they cannot sit still for 10 minutes. Children know exactly and remember where the sweets are and where the toys left yesterday are.

If they have been with the child enough, he can easily understand shapes, colors, sizes, loves to draw, sculpt, knows how to assemble a large mosaic, plays with lacing. Until two years, these skills will only be improved.

Spoon manipulation also becomes more confident, now even liquid food enters the mouth with minimal losses.

Year and 10 months

Year and 10 - the age when the cute swelling and folds of the crumbs completely disappear. Now the baby is taller and slimmer than he was before one and a half years. Volitional abilities are becoming more perfect - in a year and 10 a child can "postpone" his cry in order to listen to the parent.

The baby's emerging desires are simply unfulfillable, which causes a violent reaction on his part. Therefore, do not forget that correct upbringing excludes physical punishment, it is better to learn to negotiate with children.

At a year and 10, children are already beginning to disassemble toys, which means that you need to make sure that small parts do not fall into their mouths.

Year and 11 months

The coordination of the baby's movements is more and more perfect. At a year and 10-11 months, he can jump on one leg, walk backwards, dance, repeat movements after adults, step up the stairs, leaning on one leg.

For a month before 2 years, many children already dress themselves. Adult objects are often preferable to toys.

Pay attention to raising social skills in your child: stop fighting, teach to share.

Many guys of this age already operate about 200 words, add small sentences.

2 years

Motor skills by this age are usually "leveled", the ability to walk on the crossbar, climb through the hoop is added.

If the number of words spoken by a child is usually very individual and does not lend itself to norms up to 3 years old, then with the understanding of the speech of adults, babies are usually all right. Try to follow what you say in the presence of the child, because your speech is now the standard for him.

Raising children is a complex science, sometimes requiring all the strength and capabilities. But they are small only once, so don't miss a single important moment.

Probably every mother knows well how to develop infant, how many months to keep the head, and how much to sit on your own. The situation changes when the child reaches the age of 1 year. Few parents can answer questions like "When should a child learn to ride a bike or tie shoelaces?" In this article, we have tried to answer the most common parenting questions.

Parents need to remember that the development of each child is individual and the skills of your baby may differ from the norm. Unless your child is several months behind a certain skill, or is lagging behind in several skills at once, there is no cause for concern. Children born ahead of time may lag slightly behind babies born on time. As a rule, by the age of two, this difference is smoothed out. But if, in addition to the fact that the child is "lagging behind" on several points, he has other alarming symptoms: he rarely smiles, is overly capricious, utters too few sounds or too rarely, parents should pay the doctor's attention to this.

At the age of 1 year (12-14 months), the baby usually:
· Walks or takes 2-3 steps without support.
· Well worth it.
· Places the item in the box.
· Places two dice on top of each other.
· Reacts to a simple command that is not accompanied by gestures (for example, "Give!").
· In addition to "ma-ma" and "pa-pa" speaks from 1 to 6 words.
· Babbles a lot.

Learning: Already at this early age, you can start teaching your child letters, numbers, colors and shapes. Don't think it's too early. Even if full understanding comes a little later, this information is somehow deposited in the child's brain. Of course, learning should be unobtrusive and playful with pictures, poems and toys.

At 1.5 years (16-18 months), the child:
· Walks and runs well.
· Likes to climb stairs.
· Drinks from a cup.
· Tries to eat with a spoon on her own.
· Indicates familiar objects referred to by an adult.
· Understands a few simple phrases.
· Shows the nose, mouth and eyes on the toy.
· Scribbles with pencils.
· Lifts, bending over, the toy and carries it from place to place.
· Expresses love, pleasure, excitement with gestures or sounds.
· Prefers favorite toys.
· Speaks at least 15 words.

Dummy: If you gave your child a dummy, it is best to remove it from the child no later than one and a half years. Until this age, the use of a pacifier is generally considered harmless. Children who suck on a pacifier before 3-4 years of age may subsequently develop speech problems.

First responsibilities: At this age, start teaching your child to be neat and tidy - cleaning up toys, putting laundry in a basket for dirty clothes, or bringing napkins to the dinner table. And if he needs your help first, you'll be surprised how quickly he can learn to do it all on his own. As the child grows up, add new responsibilities to this, such as: watering the flowers, wiping after yourself if you knocked over a glass of water, making your bed and taking dirty dishes (plastic) to the sink.

First visit to the dentist: The child's first visit to the dentist should take place about 6 months after the baby has its first tooth. In the future, visit the doctor once every six months or a year, especially if the child has dental problems - spots on the teeth or an incorrect bite.

The first bike: You can buy it for your child now. And even if the pedaling skill comes later, the child can happily roll back and forth, pushing off the ground with their feet, or enjoy the ride when you push the bike yourself.

At 2 years old, the child:
· Runs and jumps well.
· Builds a tower of 4-6 cubes.
· Throws and kicks the ball.
· "Feeds" a doll from a spoon.
· Climbs and descends stairs on its own.
· Knows his name and speaks of himself in the third person, calling by name.
· Shows nose, mouth and eyes.
· Looks at the pictures in the book.
· Can remove some items of clothing by himself.
· Speaks 15 to 50 words (deviations from these numbers are quite normal).
· In his speech uses several phrases of two words.
· Begins to control the bladder and bowels.

The first "creativity": By the age of two, the child's eye-hand coordination is significantly improved. Therefore, at this age, many kids like to draw ("scribble"), paint, build from cubes, make pictures from simple puzzles and cubes.

"Adult" bed: At the age of two, it is time to move the child from the crib to the large bed. At this age, many children try to get out of their crib by throwing their legs over the handrail. It may be dangerous.

First four-legged friend: Don't have pets until your baby is 2 years old. At this age, the child can follow with interest, for example, the fish in the aquarium, without much harm to them and to themselves. With pets such as a cat or a dog, it is better to wait until the child learns to be more careful and understanding, that is, until he is at least 3-4 years old.

At 3 years old, the child:
· Going down and up the stairs, alternately rearrange the legs.
· Can dress and undress on her own (with varying degrees of success).
· Rides a tricycle.
· Understands and executes two-part combined commands (“Raise the paddle and put it in the bucket!”).
· Builds phrases of 4-5 words.
· Uses pronouns in his speech ("I", "you", etc.)
· Articulates and understands most of the words.
· He understands well the speech addressed to him (within reasonable limits of complexity).
· Indicates at least 4 familiar subjects in the book.
· Knows the names of at least 6 body parts.
· Plays and / or interacts with other children.
· Accustomed to the toilet (minor accidents are quite acceptable).

By the age of 3, the child's speech skills significantly improve. Pay more attention to learning rhymes and songs, read more books with your child, carefully examining and discussing the pictures.

At 4 years old, the child:

· Already has good control of his body. He becomes a real "specialist" in the field of buttoning and unbuttoning buttons, laces, zippers, frightening you with the desire for complete independence and independence. He is equally adept at using a spoon and fork. At this age, it is perfectly normal for your chubby toddler to turn into a lanky "lively". Do not be alarmed, gradually in a few years the baby's fat will "melt" and be replaced by muscles. The child's height and weight should increase evenly. If weight is growing faster than height, then the child may be prone to obesity. Pay attention to the inner thighs and upper forearms of the child - if the fat hangs there in folds, this is also a sign excess weight... In this case, it is worth revising the child's diet and giving him a more useful and healthy food, and also more actively involve him in outdoor games. If the child has not grown noticeably in six months, consult a doctor: some children may lack growth hormone.
· A four-year-old's vocabulary can already contain 1000 words! He can already build phrases of 6-8 words, and his speech is already sufficiently understood by strangers.
· At this age, children become interested in their bodies and the differences between men and women. That is why the doctor game is becoming so popular.

Shoelaces: The child should be able to tie shoelaces by the time they visit Kindergarten, in any case by 4-5 years. Velcro boots are, of course, more comfortable, but then the development of fine motor skills of your child's hands (for example, the ability to write) will take much longer.

Swimming: A child can learn to swim on their own as early as 4 years old. At this age, you can enroll him in the pool. Up to 4 years of age, a child, on average, still has insufficiently developed appropriate skills and coordination.

He actively moves around the room, and perhaps even walks confidently. Pronounces a few words and is actively interested in the world around him. It's time to talk about the skills and development of a child between 1 and 4 years of age. This is the time of acquiring many skills, mastering the basics native language and the formation of the character of the baby. We will consider below what tasks the child faces in each half of the year, and you can determine the zone of proximal development in the main areas and organize the games in the baby's life so that his abilities are fully realized.

1 year - 1 year 5 months

Fine motor skills

He grabs objects well and learns to purposefully release and throw them.
Knows how to shift small toys from one hand to another.
Manipulates 2-3 objects at the same time.
The baby has a tweezers grip. The child picks up small objects with his thumb and forefinger.
Knows how to put objects into one another (cups, nesting dolls). Puts rings with wide holes on the stick - the base. In this case, the size of the rings does not take into account, i.e. collects the pyramid as necessary.

Development of speech

Has a fairly large passive vocabulary.
Deliberately pronounces up to 30 - 40 words, including babbling. Uses them with increased interest (for example, wants to get a toy, but an adult does not understand otherwise).
Expresses his emotions with separate sounds.
Learns to imitate animal sounds.
Likes to play candy and other simple games. As the game progresses, he claps his hands and performs other familiar movements that the adult speaks of.
Fulfills simple requests or instructions that are accompanied by gestures.

Physical development

Can walk independently, or walk with support.
Rises independently to a standing position and stands without support. Repeatedly changes the position of the body in space (squats, turns, bends).
Knows how to get off the couch without assistance.
Crawls up an incline or up stairs.
From the "standing" position he bends down, reaches the floor with his hands and straightens up.

Social development

Stretches out his hands to the "significant" adult (who looks after and spends the most time with him, most often it is his mother).
Holds the item that they are trying to take away.
Vividly and emotionally reacts to the appearance of a face from behind a scarf (game "Ku-ku").
He smiles at himself in the mirror and plays with his reflection.

Development of logic and thinking

Looks for a hidden toy, can try to hide it on its own.
Places cubes in a box or large basket.
Distinguishes objects by size (if the difference is more than 3 cm).
Shows or name the desired item in order to get it without crying.

Self service

Drinks from a cup, but can still spill liquid on himself.
Uses the comb for its intended purpose.
Eats solid food on his own with a spoon, confidently falls into his mouth with a spoon.
He takes off his socks and hat. Supports legs and arms while dressing.

1 year 6 months - 2 years

Fine motor skills

He actively uses the pointing gesture.
Takes items out of the container and puts them back. Manipulates small objects.
Holds two objects with one hand.
Flips through the thin pages of books.
It turns out to purposefully throw objects.

Development of speech

Indicates familiar images and objects based on verbal instruction.
Repeats individual syllables, words and simple phrases after adults.
Builds sentences of 2 words. Uses verbs in speech.
Understands a simple story from a picture and answers questions.
He understands prohibitions, but he cannot always follow them due to high emotionality.
Begins to replace babbling words with correct ones.

Read games for the development of the speech of babies.

Physical development

Bending over, the child picks up the object from the floor.
He walks without support. Can walk and keep balance on a bar 15-20 cm wide and high.
Pushes both large and doll strollers.
He climbs on a chair, sofa and armchair on his own.
Substitutes a chair to reach desired items.
Learns to move backwards.

Social development

Shows his toy at the request of an adult or inviting him to play with him.
Helps to dress himself, brings clothes, shoes.
Claps and performs learned movements when he hears the sounds of a familiar song.
When playing, purposefully rolls or throws the ball to an adult.

Development of thinking

Builds simple buildings from blocks: a house, a gate, a tower.
He orients in simple shapes: cube, ball, brick, etc.
Sorts items according to one of the characteristics: contrasting color (eg blue and red), shape, size.
He is oriented in terms of: a lot, a little.

More about intellectual development in 2 years read.

Self service

“Helps” adults to clean the house by copying their actions.
Brings clothes and shoes. He puts on some things on his own with the help of an adult.
Eats with a spoon, independently bringing it to the mouth, both solid and liquid food.
Tries to brush her teeth like adults.
Throws small rubbish into the basket.
Helps to load and unload the washing machine.
Learns to peel an egg, banana, tangerine.

Read how to develop independence in children 1.5-3 years old.

2 years - 2 years 5 months

Fine motor skills

Draws with a pencil. Learns to paint, but still often goes beyond the outline.
Pushes small objects into the hole. He actively plays with home-made and purchased sorters.
Correctly folds a pyramid, a nesting doll of 4 figures.
Opens and fastens Velcro, buttons, buttons, fastex, zipper.
Removes clothespins.
Learns to make walking movements with fingers and other elements of finger gymnastics.

See games for the development of fine motor skills in children 2-3 years old.

Development of speech

Active vocabulary reaches 200-300 words.
Summarizes simple words by categories: clothes, toys, animals.
He actively expresses his desires not only with gestures and crying, but also with words.
In speech begins to use nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives.
Forms a 3-word phrase.
Calls himself by name.
Questions arise: Where? What is it?
Understands simple adult stories about past events. Understands the plot of a fairy tale without relying on the picture.

Learn more about speech development at 2 years of age.

Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?

Physical development

Climbs the stairs, helping himself with his hands. Holds the handrail and the hand of an adult.
Learns to lift an object off the floor by squatting down.
Can step over an obstacle 15 cm high in alternating steps.
Learns to stand on one leg.
He loves active walks on the playground: walks on the curb, climbs ladders, runs, jumps.
Likes to play catch-up.

Outdoor games for children 2-3 years old in this one.

Social development

Helps adults with housework: dusting, sweeping, vacuuming.
Hugs and strokes the toy. Demonstrates the emotions of the heroes of fairy tales.
He speaks, examining the pictures. Names the objects depicted in the pictures, or voices a story familiar from a fairy tale.
Can play independently for up to 30 minutes.
He rejoices and runs towards relatives and friends.

Development of thinking

Performs a chain of sequential logical actions.
He selects very different and contrasting objects according to the model.
Sorts by 4 colors: blue, red, yellow and green.
It is oriented in three sizes of objects with a pronounced difference: large, small, medium.
Builds turrets from 2-6 cubes.
Assembles a puzzle from 2-3 pieces.
According to verbal instructions, he brings and carries objects to another room.

Independence

The child can undress himself.
Washes hands with soap and wipes.
Partially dresses: can wear a hat, socks, pants, jacket, sweater, dress, skirt.
He actively masters the pot. Stays dry most of the time.
Wipe up spilled water with a rag.
Learns to turn and fold his things.

2 years 6 months - 3 years

Fine motor skills

Unscrews and opens / closes lids from different jars.
String large beads on a thick thread with a stiff end.
He prefers to draw and paint with his finger.
Can copy vertical, horizontal, cross, circle.
He actively plays with sand and clay: makes Easter cakes, plays plot games with sand (lunch, tea, treasure hunt, etc.).
Learning to use scissors. Can cut A5 sheet into 2 pieces.
Pours cereals from one container to another using a spoon.

Development of speech

Learns short poems.
In his speech, he begins to actively use interrogative words: Where? When?
Understands complex sentences: When we eat, I will do ...
Understands simple questions: What's in your stroller? And he can answer them.
Follows two-step instructions: First, bring a bucket, then pour water into it.
If he has enough vocabulary, he speaks in complex sentences and uses subordinate clauses.

How to develop a child's speech at 3 years old, read in.

Physical development

Knows how to throw a ball from behind the head.
On the stairs, it behaves as follows: it goes down, holding on to the railing, and ascends on its own without additional support.
Can play while squatting.
Knows how to jump in place on two legs.

Social development

He actively plays plot games, complicating them with logical sequential actions: feeding the doll, washing it, putting it to bed, singing a song, etc.
Begins to show sympathy for strangers and other children, especially if he was previously indifferent to them.
He takes part in household chores with pleasure, rejoices if he is given an "adult" assignment.

Development of thinking

He independently assembles a pyramid and folds a nesting doll of 4 figures.
Builds a turret of 9 cubes.
Assembles a 6-piece puzzle.
Makes story buildings from bricks or constructors and names them.
He selects the basic geometric shapes and objects that are similar to them.
Sorts items by primary colors in accordance with the sample.

Self service

The child knows how to independently and neatly enough to eat with a spoon.
Drinks from a cup or glass without spilling on himself.
Undresses by herself. Puts things on correctly. In this case, not all fasteners can be mastered, does not tie shoelaces.
She puts her toys back in place.
Helps to sort out purchases, puts vegetables, canned food, cereals in their places.
Makes sandwiches - lays out sausages, vegetables, herbs.
Helps to set the table.

3 years - 3 years 5 months

Fine motor skills

Repeats finger gymnastics exercises
Can draw simple shapes from patterns.
Draws fairly straight lines, outlines the dotted lines.
Owns scissors. Can cut A5 sheet into several strips.
Successfully pours water from one cup to another with minimal waste.
Sculpts balls, sausages from plasticine, makes cakes, spreads on the sheet within the contour.
Fastens and unfastens all types of fasteners, incl. and laces.

Games for the development of fine motor skills in children over 3 years old.

Development of speech

Conversations with toys, dolls and imaginary characters.
Uses complex and complex sentences in speech.
Often asks questions: Why? Why?
Easily memorizes poems and songs.
Retells short stories and familiar fairy tales.
Uses plural words. Word formation is not always correct. The period is distinguished by pronounced word-creation.

Physical development

Can jump over a drawn line.
Steps over an obstacle with a height of 20 cm with an additional step.
The stairs can go up and down without holding onto the railing.
Knows how to throw the ball up.
He walks on toes, can walk 3 meters on them.
Learns to stand on 1 leg.
Rides a 3-wheeled bike.
Jumps from a small height with both feet.

Read outdoor games for children 3-4 years old.

Social development

The child speaks of himself in the first person - "I".
He willingly depicts animals.
She happily runs errands and strives to be useful.
Helps to put purchases in the basket in the store and put the houses in their places.
Likes to make people laugh and amuse.
Greets familiar adults and children.

Development of thinking

Names and shows the primary colors correctly.
Distinguishes between right / left. It focuses on the picture and in life in pretexts: on, over, under, in, in front, behind, around.
Uses items in the game for their intended purpose.
Finds identical objects in the image, fragments of pictures.
Compares similar pictures and finds 5 differences.
Finds logical pairs.
Can continue the logical sequence and choose an extra item.
Classifies items.
Determines the taste and smell of different products, familiar spices.

Self service

Undresses independently, can dress independently with a little help.
Knows how to use a napkin, handkerchief, towel.
After eating, he puts the dishes in the sink, helps to load the dishwasher.
Washes toy dishes.
Can pick greens from the garden and finely chop them for salad.
Wipes shoes with a sponge / cloth.
Learns to sweep, vacuum, help mop the floor.
Dust wipes, watering flowers at reminder.

Read about the development of independence in children over 3 years old.

3 years 6 months - 4 years

Fine motor skills

The child knows how to hold a pencil correctly, draws straight lines.
Copies and traces shapes such as hexagon, star, etc.
Draws familiar shapes / letters / numbers in the air with his finger.
Cuts out simple geometric shapes, stripes.
Plays with mosaics, folds counting sticks / matches according to the pattern, string beads.
Sorts small items (cereals, beads).
Ties knots, copes with all kinds of fasteners.
Deftly unwraps the candy.
Gently opens the matchbox.
She molds plot figures from plasticine / salt dough / clay according to the instructions.

Development of speech

Learning to define simple things answers the questions: What is a ball? What is a pencil?
He listens to long fairy tales with pleasure. Understands text without reference to the picture. Remembers and can, with the help of an adult, retell the text or answer questions about the text.
Knows and states his name and surname.
Understands and correctly uses prepositions in speech: on, under, before, to, behind.
Answers the questions: What will you do if you want to sleep? And if you want to eat?

Physical development

The child can jump 20 cm in length and 5 cm in height with both legs.
Can stand on one leg for 1 second while maintaining balance.
Rides well on a 3-wheeled bike.
He actively climbs the gymnastic ladder, hangs on his hands.
In the ball game: throws up, throws to an adult, catches, bounces off the wall, hits the target with the ball.
Carries a cup of water 3 meters away without splashing it.
Remembers dance moves and repeats them, can improvise in independent dance.

Social development

Plays willingly with other children, shows emotional interest when meeting.
Demonstrates his skills, shows off new toys, prides himself on praise.
He is happy with new purchases, toys, clothes.
Asks a lot of questions.
Shows empathy, may feel sorry for another child who is crying.

Development of thinking

He counts up to 5 and back, knows how to write down these numbers.
Compares the number of items (more, the same, less).
Knows and draws geometric shapes: circle, square, triangle, rectangle, oval.
Can compare items in width, length and height. Establishes logical links.
Folds puzzles from 12-20 pieces.
Able to memorize up to 8 pictures in 2 minutes.
Assembles a simple building of cubes according to a pattern or pattern.
Remembers and talks about the events of the past and the day before last.
Determines the sequence of events correctly.
Can explain his actions.
It is oriented in space and on a sheet of paper: farther / nearer, right / left, top / bottom.

Self service

Dresses independently under the supervision of an adult.
Helps to pick berries from bushes.
Helps with cleaning: wipes dust, vacuums, washes the floor.
She puts toys in place.
Makes her bed.
Pays attention to the neatness of clothes and his appearance.
Hangs his laundry on a low rope or dryer. She actively uses clothespins.

With the end of the first year of life, the infant period ends and the second very important period of time begins, lasting up to 4 years of age of the child. The further mental and physical development of the child largely depends on this period.

Body growth

Changes in the body during the period from one year to four years are not as pronounced as in infancy. With a decrease in the growth rate of the body and head circumference, the need for food decreases. “Baby fat” disappears, the proportions of the body change, approaching the proportions of an adult. The child's body grows much faster than the head. At this age, the child is mobile, walks well, uses his hands correctly and dexterously. In the third year of life, a gait is formed. Long walks in the fresh air are very important, as they help to harden and strengthen the immune system. All conditions for play and normal development should be created for the baby.

An important feature of this period of life is an increased predisposition to infectious diseases... This is normal because the baby's immune system is not fully formed. Do not exaggerate the danger by limiting contact with environment and other children. With the onset of school age, the immune system becomes stronger.

Development of speech

Between the ages of 1 and 4, the child begins to speak. From a year to a year and a half, he pronounces the first individual words without making sentences. However, the baby's vocabulary is growing rapidly. At the age of two and a half, he already speaks in sentences (phrases of 2-3 words). His vocabulary is replenished from 50-100 to 2 thousand words.

At first, the child speaks in short sentences, the word order may not be correct. He starts asking questions: "What is this?" and where?". At the end of the third year of life, the baby begins to use subordinate clauses, asking "When?" and why?". This period is characterized by incorrect pronunciation of words and syllables, lisp, this is completely normal. The child's speech is a kind of barometer of cognitive and emotional development. The first symptoms of mental retardation may be minor and are not detected until the age of 2 years.

If the formation of speech is delayed, it is necessary to consult a doctor, because disease may be the cause of this disorder.

Development of behavior, thinking and feelings

At the stage of development of a child from 1 to 4 years of age, the perception of the world is formed. A child thinks differently from an adult. For example, he divides things not into living and inanimate, but into mobile and motionless. For him, all things are living beings, for example, the cup is upside down because it is tired, and the chair cannot laugh because it has no mouth and teeth. Thus, the world of a young child is extraordinarily rich and full of wonders. During this period of life, the baby fantasizes a lot. Often Small child does not like or is afraid to go to sleep, so going to bed sometimes turns into a kind of ceremony, for example, a plush toy should be in his hands, he should wish good night three times, etc.

For the formation of the correct worldview, the child needs constant contact with the environment, therefore it is desirable that the child communicate with peers and adults, go for walks, etc. During this period, for the correct development of the child, it is extremely important to stimulate his imagination. The child lives in a fantasy world. Adults, without interfering with him, should strive to eliminate from the world of his fantasies that which causes fear in the baby, because it is during this period of life that the first rudiments of many mental and physical diseases appear. It is during this period that parents should stimulate the emotional development of the child, for example, by pronouncing words that characterize his state and feelings (for example, "you are angry"). Thus, the baby learns to use words to characterize feelings.

Period of obstinacy

The so-called stage of obstinacy, when the baby, with the help of a cry, defends his rights and seeks to get what he wants, belongs to the period of development of a child 1-4 years old. This period begins with the child's awareness of his “I”. The kid should give in and show patience, but it is necessary to explain later how to show his desires.