St. Petersburg
Methodological recommendations provide estimated formulas to determine the issues of waste generics characteristic of motor transport enterprises (ATP), gas stations (gas stations), maintenance stations (service station), as well as some typical production and consumption waste.
The above material is intended for developers of waste placement projects. Ecological service workers of enterprises and organization, lencomecology specialists, employees of the executive and municipal structures, listeners of an additional education system.
Preface ................................................... .................................................. ....... five
1. Calculation of standards for the formation of production and consumption waste ........................ 6
1. 1. Scrap of ferrous metals, formed when repairing vehicles ............... 6
1. 2. Exhaust batteries ............................................. ................... 6.
1. 2. 2. Exhaust Battery Batteries Tight Starter without electrolyte 7
1. 2. 3. Twist-containing plates .......................................... ............... 7.
1. 2. 5. Exhaust electrolyte .......................................... .................... 7.
1. 2. 6. The precipitate from the neutralization of the electrolyte ........................................ ..... eight
1. 3. Exhaust filtering elements of the car lubrication system 10
1. 6. Worked oils .............................................. ................................. eleven
1. 6. 2. Exhaust industrial oil ......................................... .... 12
1. 6. 3. Emulsion from the Maslovka Compressor ..................................... 12
1. 7. Oils from stripping fuel storage tanks ............................. 13
1. 8. Waste claimed facilities Storm stocks and installations of vehicles of vehicles 15
1. 8. 1. The precipitate of sewage facilities ............................................. .............. fifteen
1. 9. Metal chips ............................................ ............................. fifteen
1. 10. Metal-containing dust .............................................. ........................... sixteen
1. 12. Welding electrodes ........................................... ..................... 17.
1. 13. Washed rag ............................................ ............................... 17.
1. 14. Tara 18
1. 15. Waste solvents ............................................ ............................... eighteen
1. 16. Slums of hydrophilt filters of paint chambers .......................................... ........ nineteen
1. 17. Rubber dust .............................................. ............................................ nineteen
1. 18. Coal slag, coolant ash ........................................ 19
1. 20. Worked luminescent and mercury lamps ...................................... 22
1. 22. Domestic waste ............................................ ....................................... 23.
1. 23. Food waste ............................................ ...................................... 25.
1. 24. The estimate from the territory ........................................... ..................................... 25.
2. Automation of calculation of production and consumption waste management standards. 26.
Preface
Methods for determining the amount of production and consumption waste generated and consumption must be carried out to address the following issues in the field of waste management: selective collection, selection of temporary accumulation sites on the enterprise site, rationing, transportation, disposal.
General provisions According to methods for determining the amount of waste generated in "Temporary Protection Regulations ambient from production and consumption waste Russian Federation", M., 1994 and in the" temporary methodological recommendations for the design of the draft standards for marginal placement of waste for the enterprise. "
Methodical recommendations contain calculated formulas to determine the issues of waste education, characteristic of motor transport enterprises (ATP), gas stations (gas stations), maintenance stations (service station), as well as some typical production and consumption waste.
1. Calculation of education standards
1. 1. Scrap of ferrous metals, formed when repairing vehicles
The calculation of the number of ferrous metal scrap formed during the repair of motor vehicles is made by the formula:
M \u003d S n i õ M i x L i n i x k h. M.
where: N i is the number of cars i-that brand, pcs,
m i is the mass of the car i-that brand, t,
L i is the average annual mileage of the car i-that brand, thousand km / year,
k h. m. - Specific standard for replacing parts from ferrous metals during repair,%,
k h. m. \u003d 1-10% (according to inventory).
Summation is made on all brands of cars.
1. 2. Exhaust batteries
As an example, the calculation of the number of spent battery powered batteries is considered.
Exhaust batteries can surrender to recruitment assembly or disassembled state. If the batteries disassemble, the following types of waste are formed: lead-containing plates (lead-containing leasing), plastic (plastic battery case), precipitate from electrolyte neutralization.
1. 2. 1. SERVED BATTERY BATTERY WORLD
Starter with electrolyte
The number of batteries formed during the operation of motor vehicles is determined by the formula:
N \u003d S auto i * n i / t i, (pcs / year)
avt I.
Types of batteries for cars of this brand are given in;
ni - the number of batteries in the car, pcs; (usually for carburetor
cars - 1 pcs., for diesel - can be 2 pcs.),
Ti - operational service life of batteries I-th brand, year
T I.
The weight of the generated batteries is equal to:
M \u003d S n i * m I * 10 -3, (T / year)
where: N i is the number of spent batteries I-th brand, pcs / year,
m i - weight of one battery i-th brand with electrolyte, kg.
The summation is carried out on all brands of batteries.
1. 2. 2. SERVED BATTERY BATTERY WORLD STARTERAL
Without electrolyte
The mass of spent battery batteries without electrolyte is calculated by the formula shown in paragraph 2. 2.,
where: M i is the weight of the battery i-type without electrolyte, kg
1. 2. 3. Twin-containing plates
Determination of the number of lead-containing scrap is made by the formula:
M \u003d S M I * N I * 10 -3
i - Mass of lead-containing plates in the battery
i-thy type, kg,
1. 2. 4. Plastics (plastic battery case)
The amount of plastic generated is calculated by the formula:
where: M i is the mass of plastics in the battery of the i-type, kg;
The value is given in GOST or vehocport on this species
rechargeable battery
N i - the number of batteries i-type, pcs.
1. 2. 5. Exhaust electrolyte
one). The amount of exhaust electrolyte is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d S M I * N I * 10 -3
where: m i is the weight of the electrolyte in the battery i-th brand, kg;
The summation is carried out on all brands of batteries.
1. 2. 6. The precipitate from electrolyte neutralization
The neutralization of the electrolyte can be carried out by a hawed or negared lime.
negareva
M OS Vl \u003d M + M PR + M Water
where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the reaction equation,
M pr - the number of impurities of lime, which has passed the sediment,
Neutralization of electrolyte with negro lime passes along the following reaction equation:
H 2 SO 4 2 O \u003d Caso 4 . 2 O.
4 .
* M u * s / 98, t / year
where: M e is the amount of exhaust electrolyte, t
The amount of lime (m from) required to neutralize the electrolyte is calculated by the formula:
M from * m u *
where: 56 is the molecular weight of calcium oxide,
M \u003d m out of * (1 - p)
M water \u003d M u * (1 - c) - M u * s * 18/98 \u003d m d * (1 - 1.18c)
M OS Vl \u003d M + M TR water
water OS Vl * 100
2). Determination of the amount of precipitate formed by electrolyte neutralization haashed Lime is made by the formula:
M OS Vl \u003d M + M PR + M Water
where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the equation
The neutralization of the electrolyte with hawed lime passes according to the following equation of reaction:
H 2 SO 4 + Ca (OH) 2 \u003d Caso 4 . 2 H 2 O
4 . 2 H 2 O in accordance with the reaction equation is:
M \u003d 172 * M E * C / 98, T / year
where: M E
C - Mass fraction of sulfuric acid in electrolyte, C \u003d 0.35
172 - calcium sulfate crystalline molecular weight,
98 - Molecular weight of sulfuric acid.
Number of lime (m from)
M from \u003d 74 * M u * s / 98 / p
where: 74 - calcium hydroxide molecular weight,
P - mass fraction of the active part in lime, p \u003d 0.4-0.9, depending on the brand and
Lime varieties.
The number of lime impurities (MD), which has passed the sediment, is:
M pr \u003d m out of *
M water \u003d m u * (1 - c)
The amount of the resulting wet sediment, taking into account impurities in lime is:
M \u003d m + m pr water
Humidity of the sediment is equal: m Water OS Vl * 100
1. 3. Exhaust filter elements
M \u003d s n i x n i x m i x l i / l n i x 10 -3 (t / year)
n i - the number of filters installed on the machine i-th brand, pcs;
m I - the weight of one filter on the vehicle of the i-th brand, kg;
filter elements, thousand km.
The calculation of the amount of used tires with a metal coordinate and tissue cord is made separately. The calculation of the amount of spent tires (T / year) from vehicles is made by the formula:
i x n i x m i x l i / l n i x 10 -3 (t / year)
i - the number of cars i-that brand, pcs,
n i - the number of tires installed on the machine i-th brand, pcs. ;
m I - the weight of one worn tire of this species, kg;
L i is the average annual mileage of the car I-th brand, thousand km / year,
L N i is the norm of the mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand to replace the tires, thousand km.
The calculation is more convenient to represent in the form of a table, general form which is presented in Table 1.
Table 1.
1. 5. Exhaust brake pads
Replacing the brake pads are performed when conducting TO-2.
The calculation of the amount of spent overlays of the brake pads (T / year) is made by the formula:
M \u003d s n i x n i x m i x l i / l n i x 10 -3
where: N i is the number of cars i-than brand, pcs,
n i - the number of overlays of the brake pads on the I-th brand a / m, pcs;
m i is the mass of one brake pad lining a / m i-th brand, kg;
L i is the average annual mileage of the car I-th brand, thousand km / year,
L n i - the norm of the mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before replacement
Layout brake pads, thousand km.
1. 6. Exhaust oils
1. 6. 1. Motor and transmission oils
(MMO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)
The calculation of the amount of waste motor and transmission oil can be carried out in two options.
one). The calculation of the amount of waste motor and transmission oil through fuel consumption is made by the formula:
M \u003d s n i * q i * l i * n i * h * r * 10 -4 (t / year)
where: N i is the number of cars i-than brand, pcs,
q i is the rate of fuel consumption per 100 km run, l / 100 km;
L i is the average annual mileage of the car I-th brand, thousand km / year,
n i is an oil consumption rate of 100 liters of fuel, l / 100 l;
Motor oil consumption rate for carburetor engine
n MK \u003d 2.4 l / 100 l;
Motor oil flow rate for diesel engine
n MD.
Transmission oil rate for carburetor engine
n TK \u003d 0.3 l / 100 l;
N TD \u003d 0.4 l / 100 l;
H is the norm of collecting waste petroleum products, shares from 1; H \u003d 0.12 - 0.15;
2). The calculation of the amount of waste motor and transmission oil through the volume of lubrication systems is made separately by type of oil by the formula:
M \u003d S N I * V I * L I / L N I * K * R * 10 -3, T / year
where: N i is the number of cars i-than brand, pcs,
V i - the volume of oil poured into the machine i-than brand at the same time,
L i is the average annual mileage of the car I-th brand, thousand km / year,
k - the coefficient of completeness of the oil drain, k \u003d 0.9,
r is the density of the exhaust oil, kg / l, r \u003d 0.9 kg / l.
1. 6. 2. Exhaust industrial oil
The amount of spent oil used at thermal processing details, determined by the formula:
where: V is a working volume of the bath used to quench parts, M3,
n - the number of oil replacement per year,
2). Industrial oils formed during the operation of machines, compressors, presses (group MMO in accordance with GOST 21046-86)
The amount of spent oil drained from the equipment is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s n i * v * n * k s * r * 10 -3, t / year
V - Oil Carter Oil Carter I-Toy Brand, L Carter Volumes
are given in passports for this type of equipment,
1. 6. 3. Emulsion from the Maslovka Compressor
M \u003d s n i * n i * t i * 10 -6
where: n i is the number of compressors i-than brand, pcs.,
n i is the rate of consumption of compressor oil on the compressor lubrication of the i-than brand, g / h;
Oil consumption rates on lubricant are given in passports for this species.
equipment,
t i is the average number of hours of operation of the i-than brand compressors per year, hour / year,
1. 7. Oils from stripping fuel storage tanks
one). The calculation of the amount of oilshlama formed from the stripping of fuel storage tanks through the height of the precipitate layer is carried out in accordance with.
For tanks with diesel fuel related to petroleum products 2 groups, and for tanks with fuel oil belonging to oil products 3 groups, the amount of the resulting oilshlam is consisted of petroleum products on the walls of the reservoir, and precipitate.
For gasoline tanks related to petroleum products of group 1, perhaps permissible to neglect the amount of petroleum products poured on the walls of the reservoir.
M \u003d k n * s, t
h - the nagward coefficient of petroleum products to vertical
for petroleum products 2-3 groups K H \u003d 1.3-5.3 kg / m2;
S is the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe nagward, m2.
The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe vertical cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:
S \u003d 2 * p * r * n, m2
H is the height of the cylindrical part, m.
The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe nagward horizontal cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:
for reservoirs with flat bottoms:
S \u003d 2 * P * R * L + 2 * P * R 2 \u003d 2 * P * R (L + R), m2
where: r - the radius of the bottom of the reservoir, m,
L is the length of the cylindrical part of the reservoir, m.
for tanks with conical bottoms:
S \u003d 2 * p * r * l + 2 * p * r * a \u003d 2 * * r (l + a), m2
where: r is the radius of the cylindrical part of the reservoir, m,
a - length of the forming conical part of the tank, m.
for tanks with spherical bottoms:
S \u003d 2 * p * r * l + 2 * p * (R 2 + H 2) \u003d 2 * p (R * L + R 2 + H 2), m2
L is the length of the cylindrical part of the reservoir, m,
h is the height of the spherical segment of the reservoir, m.
The weight of the sediment in the vertical cylindrical tank is determined by the formula:
P \u003d P * R 2 * *
where: R is the inner radius of the tank, m,
h - the height of the sediment, m,
r is a precipitate density equal to 1 t / m3.
The mass of the sediment in the cylindrical horizontal tank is determined by the formula:
P \u003d 1/2 * * *
b \u003d Ö A 2 2/3)
r is the internal radius of the tank, m,
a - Length of chord, limiting the surface of the sediment from above, m,
a \u003d 2 Ö 2 h R - H 2
h - the height of the sediment, M, (is accepted according to the inventory),
r is a precipitate density equal to 1 t / m3,
2). The calculation of the amount of oilshlama formed from the stripping of fuel storage tanks taking into account the specifications of the formula is made by the formula:
M \u003d v * k * -3, t / year
k - a specific regulatory of the formation of the oilshlam to 1t stored
fuel, kg / t,
· For tanks with gasoline k \u003d 0.04 kg per 1 t of gasoline,
· For tanks with diesel fuel k \u003d 0.9 kg per 1 ton of diesel fuel
· For tanks with fuel oil k \u003d 46 kg per 1 t of fuel oil.
1. 8. Waste of wastewater treatment plants
and vehicle washing installations
1. 8. 1. The precipitate of sewage treatment facilities
The amount of precipitate of sewage treatment plants (in the absence of reagent treatment), taking into account its humidity is calculated by the formula:
where: Q - Annual Consumption wastewater, m3 / year,
With up to - concentration of suspended substances to treatment facilities, mg / l,
From after - the concentration of suspended substances after treatment facilities, mg / l,
B - the moisture of the sediment,%.
When used to clean the reagents, it is necessary to take into account the amount of sediment generated from the amount of reagents used.
1. 8. 2. Pop-up petroleum products
The number of pop-up petroleum products, taking into account humidity, is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d q x (s until after) x 10 -6 / (1 - in / 100), t / year
where: Q - annual wastewater consumption, m3 / year
With up to - concentration of petroleum products to sewage treatment facilities, mg / l,
From after - the concentration of petroleum products after treatment facilities, mg / l,
1. 9. Metal chips
The amount of metallic chips formed during metal processing is determined by the formula:
M \u003d Q * K pp / 100, t / year
k p - the norm of the formation of metal chips,%, (approximately 10-15%, is more accurately determined according to the inventory data).
1. 10. Metal-containing dust
one). In the presence of a coordinated volume of PDV, the number of metal-containing dust, which is generated during the operation of metalworking machines and is collected in the bunker of the dust collecting apparatus, is determined by the formula:
where: m PDV is a gross emission of metal dust according to the project PDV, T / year,
2). In the absence of an agreed volume of PDV, the number of metal-containing dust, which is generated during the operation of metalworking machines and is collected in the bunker of the dust collecting apparatus, is determined by the formula:
* K I * T I * H / (1 - H) * -3, T / year
where: k i is the specific allocation of metal dust when working
Machine of the i-th view, g / s,
The summation is made in all types of equipment from which the air is removed in this dust collecting device.
1. 11. Abrasive-metal dust and scrap abrasive products
one). In the presence of an agreed volume of PDV, the number of abrasive-metal dust, which is generated during the operation of sharpening and grinding machines and gathering in the bunker of the dust collecting apparatus is determined by the formula:
M a-m \u003d m PDV *
where: m PDV
The number of scrap of abrasive products (in the presence of PDV volume) is determined by the formula:
M scrap \u003d m a-m / h * k 2 (1 - k 1) / k 1, t / year
where: m A-M - abrasive-metal dust, caught in cyclone, T / year,
k 2 - the proportion of abrasive in abrasive-metal dust ,,
· For corundum abrasive circles K 2 \u003d 0.35,
· For diamond abrasive circles K 2 \u003d 0.10,
2). In the absence of an agreed volume of PDV or in the absence of emissions of abrasive-metal dust into the atmosphere, the number of abrasive-metal dust, which is generated during the operation of sharpening and grinding machines and is collected in the bunker of the dust collecting apparatus, is determined by the formula:
M A-M I * M I * K 1 2 * H * 10 -3, T / year
k 1 - coefficient of wear of abrasive circles until they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,
h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collecting apparatus, the shares from 1.
The amount of scrap of abrasive products is determined by the formula:
M scrap \u003d S n i * m i * (1 - k 1) * -3, t / year
where: n i is the number of abrasive circles of the i-th view spent in the year, pcs / year,
m i is the mass of the new abrasive circle of the i-th view, kg,
k 1 - coefficient of wear of abrasive circles until they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,
1. 12. Sparks of welding electrodes
The amount of welding electrodes formed flairkers is determined by the formula:
M \u003d g * * 10 -5, t / year
n is the norm of the formation of flames from the consumption of electrodes,%, n \u003d 15%.
1. 13. Washed rag
The amount of oiled vet is determined by the formula:
The amount of waste generated waste is determined by the formula:
P \u003d s Q I / M I * M I * 10 -3,
i - the annual consumption of raw materials of the i-th view, kg,
M i - weight of raw materials of the i-th type in packaging, kg,
m I - the weight of empty packaging from under the raw material of the i-th view, kg.
1. 15. Waste solvents
The amount of spent solvent used during washing parts is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s v * * n * k s * r, t / year
where: V is the volume of the bath used for washing parts, m3,
k is the filling coefficient of the bath with solvent, in shares 1,
n - the number of solvent changes per year,
k C is the waste solvent collection coefficient (according to inventory), in shares 1,
r is the density of the spent solvent, t / m3.
1. 16. Slums of hydrophiltra painting chambers
The amount of sludge extracted from the baths of hydrophiltra painting chambers is calculated in accordance with the formula:
M \u003d M K * D A * (1 - F A *
where: M K is the paint consumption used for the coating, T / year,
d A - the proportion of paint lost in the form of an aerosol,% is accepted according to Table 2,
f A - the proportion of the volatile part (solvent) in the LKM,% is accepted according to Table 1,
k - air purification coefficient in hydrophilter,%, is taken by 86-97% in accordance with,
1. 17. Rubber dust
The calculation of the amount of dust for machine tools equipped with ventilation and dust installation is given.
Rubber dust is formed at the enterprises of the profile under consideration under the worker automotive tires or cameras.
The number of rubber dust caught in the cyclone is determined by the formula:
M \u003d M PDV * H / (1 - H), T / year
where: m PDV - gross dust of dust rubber according to the project PDV, T / year,
h - degree of cleaning in the dust collecting device (according to the project PDV), the share of 1
1. 18. Coal slag, coolant ash
The amount of ash and slag generated when burning coal in boiler houses is calculated in accordance with.
G shl \u003d 0.01 * b * a w (a p + q 4 * q r n / 32,6), t / year
The amount of ash, deposited in the boiler shelters is determined by the formula:
G \u003d 0.01 * b * k (and p + q 4 * q r n
The amount of ash, settling in the zerochitor is determined by the formula:
G Zhowelov \u003d 0.01 * * (1 - a w - k) [and p + q 4 * Q r / 32.6] * h, t / year
And p - ash content of fuel,%,
Q R - the calorific value of fuel, MJ / kg,
q 4 - loss with mechanical incomplete combustion,%,
a W is the fraction of fuel ash, turning into a slag, in shares 1,
k is the proportion of fuel ash, volatile ash, settling on the boiler's shegodes, in shares 1.
p) And the calorific value (Q r r) of fuel is determined by Table 1-1 or on the fuel certificate.
The output of the slag and ash when burning solid fuel is determined by Table 7-2, driven below:
1. 19. Woodworking waste
1. 19. 1. Skusk Wood Waste
M k \u003d Q * r * s / 100, t / year
where: q is the number of wood treated, m3 / year,
woods,
C - the number of lump waste of wood from the consumption of raw materials,%,
The volume of the resulting sideways of wood is determined by the formula:
k - Full-pit fusion coefficient (segments
sawn timber), k \u003d 0.57,
1. 19. 2. Chips, sawdust wood
one). The number of chips and sawdust of wood in the absence of local suns and dust equipment is determined by the formula:
M ST, OP \u003d M ST + M OP \u003d Q * * with st / 100 + Q * R * with OP / 100, T / year
where: m st - the amount of chip waste, t / year,
M op - the amount of sawdust waste, T / year,
Q - the number of wood treated, M3 / year,
r is the density of wood, t / m3, r \u003d 0.46-0.73 t / m3 depending on the type
woods,
With art - the number of chips of chips from the consumption of raw materials,%,
With OP - the amount of sawdust waste from the consumption of raw materials,%,
accepted depending on the type of products in the table. 11. 8.
The volume of the resulting sawdust and chips is determined by the formula:
V \u003d m st / r / k st + m op / r / k op
where: k art - the coefficient of the shaviness of the chips, k \u003d 0.11,
k OP is a sideline coefficient of sawdust, k \u003d 0.28.
2). The amount of chips and sawdust of woody in the presence of local suns and dust equipment is determined by the formula in accordance with:
M st, op \u003d [q * r / 100 (from station OP * [1 - 0.9 * to n * 10 -2 * (1-H)], t / year
where: 0.9 is the coefficient of efficiency of local suns,
To P - the dust coefficient in waste depending on the method
Mechanical wood processing (sawing, planing, grinding
etc.),% is determined by table. 11. 9.
h is the efficiency of dust equipment, in shares 1.
The calculation of the amount of spent lamps is carried out separately for fluorescent tubular and mercury lamps for outdoor lighting.
The number of exhaust lamps is determined by the formula:
N \u003d s n i * t i i
t I - the actual number of hours of operation of lamps i-that brand, hour / year,
k i is the operational life of the lamps of the i-than brand, an hour.
For luminescent lamps, the operational life is determined in accordance with.
For mercury lamps, the operational service life is determined in accordance with.
1. 21. Sewage waste
Sewage waste is formed when stripping sewage players. The amount of sewage waste generated depends on the method of sweeping wells.
M \u003d n * n * m * 10 -3, t / year
m - waste of waste extracted from one well with manual stripping, kg.
one). When scrolling the wells to the assessing machine, the well is filled with water, the precipitate is climbing, then all the contents pumped out of the well into the assessing machine. The amount of sewage waste, pumped into the assessing machine, is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d n * n * v * r, t / year
where: n - the number of sewer wells to be cleaned, pcs / year,
n - the number of stripping of one well per year, once a year,
V is the volume of waste, pumped out of one well in the assessing machine, M3,
r is the density of waste, R \u003d 1 t / m3.
The number of generators household waste Determined, taking into account the specifications of education in accordance with. When entering new regulatory documents, the specifications of the formation of household waste are accepted in accordance with these documents.
one). The number of household waste generated as a result of the vital activity of employees of the enterprise is determined by the formula:
* m, m3 / year
where: n is the number of employees in the enterprise, people,
m is the specific issue of the formation of household waste by 1 working per year, M3 / year.
2). The number of household waste generated by the preparation of dishes in the dining room is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m, m3 / year
M \u003d s * m, m3 / year
m is the specific rate of the formation of household waste per 1 m2 of storage facilities, M3 / m2.
four). The number of household waste generated in the polyclinic (medical center) is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m, m3 / year
where: n - Number of visits for the year, pcs / year,
m is the specific issue of the formation of household waste by 1 visit, M3 / Visit.
where: s is the serviced area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise, m2;
m - specific rate of formation of household waste per 1 m2 of the serviced area
enterprises, m3 / m2 (standards are taken in accordance with Table 2 placed below);
table 2
accumulation of solid household waste generated as a result of activities
enterprises of small trade
The norms are based on 365 business days a year. The presented standards relate to enterprises located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Medium-Developed Development. For enterprises located, the coefficient K \u003d 1 is used in the zone of dense residential building with adjacent transport hubs. 0-1. 8. For enterprises located in the zone adjacent to the metro stations, the coefficient K \u003d 1 is used. 5-1. 8. Standards are specified without taking into account the implementation of the selective collection.
1. 23. Food waste
The amount of food waste generated during the preparation of dishes in the dining room is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m * 10 -3
where: N is the number of dishes prepared in the dining room for the year, pcs / year,
m is the specific rate of formation of food waste for 1 dish, kg / dish.
The amount of estimates from the territory formed during the cleaning of solid coatings is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s * m * -3, t / year
where: s is the area of \u200b\u200bsolid coatings to be cleaned, m2,
m C is the specific rate of formation of the estimation of 1 m2 of solid coatings, kg / m2,
M C \u003d 5-15 kg / m2.
LITERATURE
2. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of automobile transport. M., Transport, 1986.
3. Methods for inventory of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere for motor transport enterprises (settlement method). M., 1991.
6. Standards of technological waste and loss of raw materials, materials, fuel and thermal energy in production (intersectoral destination). M., Economics, 1983.
7. Secondary material resources of the GOSNABA nomenclature (education and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1987.
9. Low pressure discharge lamps. 09. 50. 01-90. M., Informelectro, 1990.
11. V. F. Efimkina, N. N. Sofronov. Lamaders with gas-discharge lamps high pressure. M., Energoatomizdat, 1984.
12. A. Yu. Valdberg, L. M. Isyanov. Dust collecting technology. L., Mechanical Engineering, 1985.
13. V.N. Cordual, N. A. Byzov, A. K. Heimusov. Fuel and lubricant consumption rate in the forest industry. Directory. M., Forest industry, 1990.
14. Roddatis K. F. Poltaretsky A. N. Directory for boiler plants of low productivity. M., Energoatomizdat, 1989.
15. Union-union norms of technological design of automotive transport enterprises. ONTP-01-91 Mainstotrans RSFSR. M., 1991.
MU-200-RSFSR-12-0207-83. M., 1984.
17. Norms of technological losses when scrolling the tanks (instead
18. Yakovlev V.S. "Storage of petroleum products. Problems of environmental protection. M., Chemistry, 1987.
19. The method of calculating the separation (emissions) of pollutants into the atmosphere in the mechanical processing of metals (based on specific indicators), approved by order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection of April 14, 1997 No. 158.
20. GOST 12. 3. 028-82 "Processing processes with an abrasive and elboric tool." Safety requirements.
21. GOST 2270-78 "Abrasive tool. The main dimensions of the fastening elements. "
24. T. A. Phialkovskaya, I. S. Sedneva. Ventilation when painting products. M., Mechanical Engineering, 1986.
25. Yu. P. Solovyov. Design of heat supply installations for industrial enterprises. M., Energy, 1978.
26. Regulatory indicators of specific emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from the main species technological equipment Industry enterprises. Kharkov, 1991.
27. Instructions for the organization and technology of mechanized housekeeping. Minzhilcomhoz RSFSR. Accents them. K. D. Panfilova. M., 1980.
29. Order No. 128 of 27. 09. 94. The Committee on the Management of Urban Economy of the City Hall of St. Petersburg. Appendix 1. Norms of accumulation of solid household waste.
30. Sanitary cleaning and cleaning of populated areas. Directory. M., Aches, 1997.
31. Snip 2. 07. 01-89. Urban planning. Planning and building of urban and rural settlements.
Approved in 1998:
2. State Sanitary Epidemiological Supervision in St. Petersburg;
Small-sized
Large-sized
Preface ................................................... .................................................. ....... five
1. Calculation of standards for the formation of production and consumption waste ........................ 6
1.1. Scrap of ferrous metals, formed when repairing vehicles ............... 6
1.2. Exhaust batteries ................................................. ............... 6.
1.8.1. The precipitate of sewage treatment facilities ................................................... ........ fifteen
1.8.2. Pop-up petroleum products ................................................ ...... fifteen
1.9. Metal chips ................................................ ......................... fifteen
1.10. Metal-containing dust .................................................. ....................... sixteen
1.11. Abrasive-metal dust and scrap abrasive products ........................ 16
1.12. Sparks of welding electrodes ............................................... ................. 17.
1.13. Oslennaya rag ................................................ ........................... 17.
1.14. Tara 18.
1.15. Waste solvents ................................................ ........................... eighteen
1.16. Sludge hydrofilters painting chambers .............................................. .... nineteen
1.17. Dust rubber ................................................ ........................................ nineteen
1.18. Coal slag, coolant ash ........................................ 19
The amount of waste generated waste is determined by the formula:
P \u003d s Qi / mi * mi * 10-3,
where: Qi - the annual consumption of raw materials of the i-th view, kg,
MI - the weight of the raw materials of the i-th type in the package, kg,
mi - the weight of empty packaging from under raw materials of the i-th view, kg.
Waste solvents
The amount of spent solvent used during washing parts is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s v * k * n * kc * r, t / year
where: V is the volume of the bath used for washing parts, m3,
k is the filling coefficient of the bath with solvent, in shares 1,
n - the number of solvent changes per year,
kC is the waste solvent collection factor (according to inventory), in shares 1,
r is the density of the spent solvent, t / m3.
Sludge hydrofilters painting chambers
The amount of sludge extracted from the baths of hydrophiltra painting chambers is calculated in accordance with the formula:
MK * DA / 100 * (1 - FA / 100) * K / 100 / (1 - B / 100), T / year
where: Mc - Painting consumption used for coating, T / year,
da - the proportion of paint lost in the form of an aerosol,% is accepted according to Table 2,
fA - the fraction of the volatile part (solvent) in the LKM,%, is accepted according to Table 1,
k - air purification coefficient in hydrophilter,%, is taken by 86-97% in accordance with,
B - the humidity of the sludge extracted from the bathing of the hydrophiltra,% is accepted
Rubber dust
The calculation of the amount of dust for machine tools equipped with ventilation and dust installation is given.
Rubber dust is formed at the enterprises of the profile under consideration with the roughness of worn car tires or cameras.
The number of rubber dust caught in the cyclone is determined by the formula:
M \u003d MTDV * H / (1 - H), T / year
where: MTDV - gross emission of dust rubber according to the project PDV, T / year,
h - degree of cleaning in the dust collecting device (according to the project PDV), the share of 1
Coal slag, coolant ash
The amount of ash and slag generated when burning coal in boiler houses is calculated in accordance with.
The amount of the formed slag is calculated by the formula:
Ghl \u003d 0.01 * b * Ash (AR + Q4 * QN / 32.6), T / year
The amount of ash, deposited in the boiler shelters is determined by the formula:
Ggazohod \u003d 0.01 * b * k (AR + Q4 * QN / 32.6), T / year
The amount of ash, settling in the zerochitor is determined by the formula:
Jolows \u003d 0.01 * b * (1 - Ash - k) [AR + Q4 * QN / 32.6] * H, T / year
where: B - fuel consumption, t / year,
Ar - ash content of fuel,%,
QN - calorific value of fuel, MJ / kg,
q4 - Loss with mechanical incomplete combustion,%,
ache - the proportion of fuel ash, turning into a slag, in shares 1,
k is the proportion of fuel ash, volatile ash, settling on the boiler's shegodes, in shares 1.
h is the effectiveness of cleaning in the zerochitel, in shares 1.
Solness (AR) and calorific value (qn) of fuel are determined by Table 1-1 or on a fuel certificate.
The output of the slag and ash when burning solid fuel is determined by Table 7-2, driven below:
Fuel combustion method | Slag share (Ash),% | The share of volatile ashes sedates | The share of volatile ash carried in |
Factory with dry slading: | |||
stone coals | |||
brown coals | |||
Tanner with liquid slading: | |||
stone coals | |||
brown coals |
Woodworking waste
1.1.12. Silent wood waste
The number of slicing wood waste generated during the woodworking process is determined by the formula:
MK \u003d Q * R * C / 100, T / year
where: q is the number of wood treated, m3 / year,
woods,
C - the number of lump waste of wood from the consumption of raw materials,%,
it is accepted depending on the type of products according to Table 11.8. .
The volume of the resulting sideways of wood is determined by the formula:
V \u003d MK / R / K, M3 / Year
where: MK is the amount of slicing waste generated, T / year,
k - Full-pit fusion coefficient (segments
sawn timber), k \u003d 0.57,
1.1.13. Chips, sawdust wood
one). The number of chips and sawdust of wood in the absence of local suns and dust equipment is determined by the formula:
MST, OP \u003d MST + MOS \u003d Q * R * CST / 100 + Q * R * SOP / 100, T / year
where: MST - the number of chip waste, T / year,
MOP - the amount of sawdust waste, T / year,
Q - the number of wood treated, M3 / year,
r is the density of wood, t / m3, r \u003d 0.46-0.73 t / m3 depending on the type
woods,
CST - the number of chips from the consumption of raw materials,%,
SOP - the amount of sawdust waste from the consumption of raw materials,%,
it is accepted depending on the type of products according to Table 11.8. .
The volume of the resulting sawdust and chips is determined by the formula:
V \u003d mst / r / kst + mop / r / kop, m3 / year
where: KST is the chip overword coefficient, k \u003d 0.11,
kop is a coefficient of sidelines of sawdust, k \u003d 0.28.
2). The amount of chips and sawdust of woody in the presence of local suns and dust equipment is determined by the formula in accordance with:
MST, OP \u003d [Q * R / 100 (CST + SOP)] * [1 - 0.9 * KP * 10-2 * (1-H)], T / year
The number of exhaust lamps is determined by the formula:
N \u003d s ni * ti / ki, pcs / year
where: Ni - the number of installed lamps i-than brand, pcs.,
ti - the actual number of hours of work lamps i-than brand, hour / year,
ki - operational life of the lamps of the i-than brand, an hour.
For luminescent lamps, the operational life is determined in accordance with.
For mercury lamps, the operational service life is determined in accordance with.
Sewage waste
Sewage waste is formed when scrolling the sewer wells. The amount of sewage waste generated depends on the method of sweeping wells.
one). When cleaning the wells, manually the amount of sewage waste generated is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d n * n * m * 10-3, t / year
m - waste of waste extracted from one well with manual stripping, kg.
one). When scrolling the wells to the assessing machine, the well is filled with water, the precipitate is climbing, then all the contents pumped out of the well into the assessing machine. The amount of sewage waste, pumped into the assessing machine, is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d n * n * v * r, t / year
where: n - the number of sewer wells to be cleaned, pcs / year,
n - the number of stripping of one well per year, once a year,
V is the volume of waste, pumped out of one well in the assessing machine, M3,
r is the density of waste, R \u003d 1 t / m3.
Household waste
The amount of household waste generated is determined taking into account the specifications of education in accordance with. When entering new regulatory documents, the specifications of the formation of household waste are accepted in accordance with these documents.
one). The number of household waste generated as a result of the vital activity of employees of the enterprise is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m, m3 / year
where: n is the number of employees in the enterprise, people,
m is the specific issue of the formation of household waste by 1 working per year, M3 / year.
2). The number of household waste generated by the preparation of dishes in the dining room is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m, m3 / year
m is a specific rate of formation of household waste by 1 dish, M3 / dish.
3). The number of household waste generated in warehouses is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s * m, m3 / year
where: s - storage area, m2,
m is the specific rate of the formation of household waste per 1 m2 of storage facilities, M3 / m2.
four). The number of household waste generated in the polyclinic (medical center) is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m, m3 / year
where: n - Number of visits for the year, pcs / year,
m is the specific issue of the formation of household waste by 1 visit, M3 / Visit.
five). The number of household waste generated as a result of the activities of small-country trade enterprises is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s * m * k, m3 / year
where: s is the serviced area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise, m2;
m - specific rate of formation of household waste per 1 m2 of the serviced area
enterprises, m3 / m2 (standards are taken in accordance with Table 2 placed below);
k is a coefficient that takes into account the location of the enterprise.
table 2
accumulation of solid household waste generated as a result of activities
enterprises of small trade
Object of education | Norms of accumulation of TBBS |
|
Melorownight trade object: | ||
Kiosk, pavilion m / g; | ||
Pavilion k / g; | ||
Trays, counters, tones; | ||
Clothes, shoes, radio components, autodetas. | ||
Complex of small trade: | ||
Food, | ||
Industrial goods. | ||
Trade zone | ||
Worker Market (Fair) |
The norms are based on 365 business days a year. The presented standards relate to enterprises located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Medium-Developed Development. For enterprises located, in the zone of dense residential building with adjacent transport hubs, the coefficient k \u003d 1.0-1.8 is used. For enterprises located in the zone adjacent to the metro stations, the coefficient K \u003d 1.5-1.8 is used. Standards are indicated without taking into account the implementation of the selective collection.
Food waste
The amount of food waste generated during the preparation of dishes in the dining room is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m * 10-3, t / year
where: N is the number of dishes prepared in the dining room for the year, pcs / year,
m is the specific rate of formation of food waste for 1 dish, kg / dish.
Flow from the territory
The amount of estimates from the territory formed during the cleaning of solid coatings is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s * m * 10-3, t / year
where: s is the area of \u200b\u200bsolid coatings to be cleaned, m2,
mC - specific rate of formation of estimation with 1 m2 of solid coatings, kg / m2,
mC \u003d 5-15 kg / m2.
LITERATURE
1. Short car directory. M., Transport, 1985.
2. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of automobile transport. M., Transport, 1986.
3. Methods for inventory of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere for motor transport enterprises (settlement method). M., 1991.
4. Fuel consumption standards and fuel. M., Prior, 1996.
5. Secondary material resources of the forest and woodworking industry (education and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1983.
6. Standards of technological waste and loss of raw materials, materials, fuel and thermal energy in production (intersectoral destination). M., Economics, 1983.
7. Secondary material resources of the GOSNABA nomenclature (education and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1987.
8. Reference materials on specific indicators of the formation of the most important types of production and consumption waste. M., Nizpuro, 1996.
9. Low pressure discharge lamps. 09.50.01-90. M., Informelectro, 1990.
10. . Fluorescent lamps. M., Energoatomizdat, 1992.
eleven. , . Luminaires with high pressure gas discharge lamps. M., Energoatomizdat, 1984.
12. , . Dust collecting technology. L., Mechanical Engineering, 1985.
13. , . Fuel and lubricant consumption rate in the forest industry. Directory. M., Forest industry, 1990.
14. Roddatis on boiler plans for small performance. M., Energoatomizdat, 1989.
2. State Sanitary Epidemiological Supervision in St. Petersburg;
3. Committee on Improvement and Road Economy of the Administration of St. Petersburg.
Small-sized
Large-sized
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Protection of atmospheric air
(NII atmosphere)
Problems of waste management on motor transport enterprises
One of the most important tasks in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region is the problem of collecting and disposing of waste.
The current legislation of the Russian Federation, the regulatory documentation of the federal level define the legal framework for the management of production and consumption waste and establish for all individuals and legal entities in matters of environmental management, compliance sanitary norms and rules.
Federal law "On production and consumption waste"; "The temporary rules for environmental protection against production and consumption waste" apply to enterprises, associations, organizations, institutions, regardless of the forms of ownership and departmental subordination, individuals, as well as foreign legal entities (hereinafter referred to as nature users), carrying out any activities in the territory of the Russian The federation, as a result of which they are formed, are used, neutralized, storage and stored waste production and consumption, with the exception of radioactive waste.
According to the Federal Law "On Waste Production and Consumption", individual entrepreneurs and legal entities When operating enterprises, buildings, buildings, structures and other objects associated with waste management, are required:
Comply with environmental, sanitary and other requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection and human health;
Develop projects of waste management standards and waste disposal limits in order to reduce their education.
Developed projects contain information that is the basis for the establishment of waste management standards and limits on their placement, which must be established for each environmental management in accordance with the new federal law "On Environmental Protection" (Art. 24). The obtained standards serve as the basis for the fee for negative impact The environment that needs to be carried out in accordance with Art. 16 of the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection".
Enterprises are required to export waste generation in a timely manner, since long-term storage of waste on its territory leads to a deterioration in the quality of lands and pollution of natural environments.
These requirements are declared in the new federal law "On Environmental Protection", according to which waste and consumption waste is subject to collecting, use, disposal, transportation, storage and disposal, the conditions and methods of which should be safe for the environment (Article 51). In accordance with the same article of the law, prohibitive conditions when handling waste.
On motor transport enterprises, as well as enterprises that have a significant amount of vehicles and independently carrying out maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, the problem of waste management is particularly relevant, since more than 15 types of production waste, including II and III, are formed during their operation. Hazard class.
Production waste in the enterprises under consideration is formed when repairing and maintaining vehicles. As a rule, enterprises produced engine repair work, troubleshooting in automobile units, manufacture and repair of parts and assemblies. Control and diagnostic, fasteners, adjustment and other works, replacement of oil in oil systems.
Appendix 1 presents a list of production waste generated on a motor transport enterprise. Let us dwell in more detail on the analysis of the waste listed in the application.
When repairing and maintaining vehicles, there is a replacement for individual parts and assemblies that have served their time. At the same time, ferrous metal scrap (waste metal parts), industrial trash (used non-metallic car details), filters contaminated with petroleum products (fuel and oil filters), filter cardboard (air filters), spent brake pads, tires with Metal chord, tires with tissue cord.
Exhaust batteries can surrender to recycling in the collected or disassembled state. Depending on this, various types of waste can be formed at the enterprise. If the spent rechargeable batteries disassemble, the following types of waste are formed: non-ferrous metal scrap (depending on the type of battery), polymer waste (plastic battery case), spent electrolyte of batteries after its neutralization or sediment from electrolyte neutralization. If the neutralization of electrolyte in the enterprise is not produced, spent batteries are formed as waste.
When replacing the exhaust oils, the following types of waste are formed: spent engine oil, spent transmission oil. When the oil is replaced in hydraulic systems of excavators, spent hydraulic oil is formed.
To eliminate the oil strands in the garages, wood sawdusts and sand can be used, as a result of which wood sawdust contaminated with petroleum products or a soil containing petroleum products is formed as waste.
In the process of maintenance of motor vehicles for wipes of grinding surfaces, a rag is used. The mocked rags formed at the same time, is sent to waste.
On separate motor transport enterprises, car washing. At the same time, the purification of polluted wastewater after washing vehicles should be organized. One of the requirements for organizing a vehicle washing is to transmit them to sewage treatment facilities. As a rule, the cleaning facilities of the vehicle washing are a sump with an oil furniture or filters. There is a separation and precipitation of suspended substances and cleaning from petroleum products. Weighted substances deposited on the bottom of the wells (sediment of the washing of vehicles) and the pop-up oil products of oil workers are regularly removed by forming waste. Filters contaminated with petroleum products are subject to replacement and also enroll.
In addition to the above production waste, on motor transport enterprises, as elsewhere, consumption waste is formed - household waste, spent fluorescent tubular lamps, spent mercury lamps for outdoor lighting (in the case of using mercury lamps to illuminate the territory and premises of the enterprise), due to the territory, Sewage waste not containing toxic metals.
The calculation of the formation of production waste is made on the basis of the regulatory limits of the work of the corresponding parts of the cars adopted in the automotive industry.
The calculation of used batteries is made on the basis of the number of batteries of each type installed on motor vehicles, the weight of the batteries together with the electrolyte, the operational life of the batteries. Summation is made on all brands of batteries. The operational service life of the batteries and the weight of the batteries on the brand is indicated in the reference book. An example of calculating the spent batteries is given in Appendix 2.
In the event that the spent electrolyte merges from batteries, the weight of the battery is taken without electrolyte, and the calculation of the spent electrolyte of batteries is carried out separately using the reference data provided in reference literature . Examples of calculating the exhaust electrolyte of batteries and the spent electrolyte of batteries after its neutralization are shown in Appendix 3.
The calculation of waste oil, fuel and air filters is made on the basis of the number of motor vehicles located on the balance sheet of the company, the number of filters installed on each car, the weight of filters, the average annual mileage of vehicles and the mileage rate of the rolling stock of each brand before replacing the filter elements. The mileage rate of the rolling stock before filters is replaced by reference data. An example of calculating spent filters is given in Appendix 4.
The calculation of the number of ferrous metal scrap generated during the repair of motor vehicles is made on the basis of the average annual run of each car, the mileage rate of the rolling stock before repair, the specific standard for replacing parts from ferrous metals during repair. The norm of the mileage of rolling stock before repair is indicated in the reference book. The specific standard for replacing parts from ferrous metals, as a rule, is 1 - 10% and is determined according to the inventory data.
The normative number of waste brake pads is determined based on the number of cars, the number of brake linings installed on one car, the mass of one lining, the average annual mileage of the car of each brand, the mileage rate of the rolling stock before replacing the brake pads, which is determined by reference data. An example of calculating the spent overlays of the brake pad is given in Appendix 5.
Calculation of the regulatory number of exhaust automotive tires - tires with tissue cord and tires with a metal coordinate is made on the basis of the number of cars located on the balance sheet of the enterprise, the number of tires installed on the car of each brand, the weight of one worn tire of each brand, the average annual car run of each brand, the mileage rate Movable composition of each brand before replacing tires. Recommended tire types for cars of various brands, as well as the number of tires installed on cars of various brands and tire weight are given in the reference book [,], or in the technical documentation attached to the supplied tires. An example of calculating spent tires is given in Appendix 6.
The calculation of the waste motor oil and the spent transmission oil can be produced in two ways. In the first case, the calculation is made through fuel consumption. The source data for the calculation is the rate of fuel consumption per 100 km of run, the average annual car mileage, the oil consumption rate by 100 liters of fuel, the rate of collecting waste petroleum products. The fuel consumption rate and the rate of oil consumption by car stamps is determined by reference data, or according to technical documentation for motor vehicles. The rate of collecting waste petroleum products is, according to [,] 0.9. The calculation is made separately for each type of oil. An example of calculating spent oils is given in Appendix 7.
When calculating the exhaust motor and transmission oil through the volume of the system of lubrication with the source data, the volume of oil poured into the car of each brand at the same time (determined by the software), the average annual mileage of each car, the mileage rate of the rolling stock before the oil is replaced.
The amount of precipitate of cleaning facilities washing of vehicles and pop-up oil products of oil workers (in the absence of reagent treatment) is calculated based on the annual wastewater consumption, concentration of suspended substances and petroleum products to treatment facilities, concentration of suspended substances after sewage treatment facilities, sediment humidity. When used to clean the reagents, it is necessary to take into account the amount of sediment generated from the amount of reagents used.
The annual wastewater consumption is determined, taking into account the regulatory consumption of water to wash one car and the number of car washers per year. The regulatory consumption of water on the sink of one car is indicated by reference literature.
The concentrations of suspended substances and petroleum products before and after treatment facilities are indicated in technical documentation for wastewater treatment plants or are determined by the results of wastewater control analyzes.
In the absence of technical documentation for wastewater treatment plants, car wash and the results of wastewater control analyzes, concentrations of petroleum products and suspended substances in wastewater for motor transport enterprises, are accepted in accordance with reference regulatory data. An example of calculating the precipitate of sewage treatment facilities, car wash and pop-up petroleum products of oil workers is given in Appendix 8.
If there are filters for cleaning vehicles in the cleaning facilities of car wash, then when they are replaced, filters contaminated with petroleum products are formed as a waste. Their calculation is made on the basis of the weight of the exhaust filter, their number and frequency of replacement by passport data on the treatment facilities.
The calculation of the oral veto is made on the basis of the amount of dry vehicle spent during the repair and operation of vehicles and the content of petroleum products in the velochemis. An example of calculation is given in Appendix 9.
For a variety of waste (industrial trash, wood sawdust contaminated with petroleum products, soil containing petroleum products) The regulatory amount of waste is determined by the enterprise's second-infact data over the past 2 years.
Temporary storage of waste generated during the repair and operation of motor vehicles should be carried out in specially designated places equipped for this. When storing waste, their impact on the soil, surface and groundwater, and atmospheric air should be excluded.
Most of the waste generated on motor vehicles are subject to disposal on specialized waste recycling (tires with metal coordinates and fabric cord, soil containing oil products, waste oils, pop-up oil products, precipitation of vehicle washing seals, waste batteries, spent electrolyte of batteries , as well as spent fluorescent lamps).
Exhaust luminescent and mercury lamps are disposed of in the following enterprises: the power supply service of the St. Petersburg Metro, NGO "ENECO", located on the territory of the Experimental RHC plant "Applied Chemistry", Skat LLC and NEP CJSC, renting a decree on demurcourization of mercury lamps at the Radium Institute them. Chlopin, MEP "Mercury".
Regeneration of waste oils is carried out in the RNC "Applied Chemistry", Vni Transmash and PTK-Terminal LLC.
Purification of soils and water from petroleum products produced by the biotechnology method of CJSC ECEPROM and CJSC Orlan-Eco.
Exhaust electrolytes, waste and other water are utilized by extracting heavy metal cations on AOZT NTO Erg and the enterprise "Russia".
Exhaust accumulators and other lead-containing waste take on the processing of AOZT ENPK MKT, AOZT NPO "Cathode".
Exhaust tires take on the processing of CJSC "Experimental MPBO factory", GUP "MPBO-2", South-Western GPZP, Petrogradskoe PZP LLC, Elast CJSC.
Waste from the operation of vehicles not subject to recycling (rags washed, industrial garbage, waste brake pads, filters contaminated with petroleum products, cardboard filters) are exported to MPBO plants for the purpose of their burial, taking into account the compliance with environmental requirements.
Hazard Class
Department code
Where are sent
Name of waste
II - III
012.02
burial / Processing
Pop-up petroleum products Ophodovushki
II - III
012.12
burial / Processing
Exhausted motor oil
II - III
012.20
burial / Processing
Exhausted transmission oil
013.01
burial / Processing
Motor Transport Sink
III - IV.
013.06
burial
Wood sawdust contaminated with petroleum products
III - IV.
013.07
burial
Owned rags
III - IV.
013.09
burial / Processing
Petroleum
III - IV.
013.13
burial
Filters contaminated with petroleum products
I - III
043.01
burial
Exhaust electrolytes of batteries
II - IV.
043.04
burial / Claiming
Exhaust electrolyte of batteries after its neutralization
052.01
burial
Exhaust brake pads
150.01
processing
Scrap of ferrous metals
150.07
processing
Sparks welding electrodes
200.02
processing
Tires with metalocore
200.03
processing
Tires with fabric cord
II - IV.
215.01
processing
Exhaust batteries
059.01
burial
Industrial trash
II - III
012.13
burial / Processing
Exhaust hydraulic oil
Exhaust batteries (215.01)
(example calculation)
The calculation of the regulatory formation of spent batteries is made on the basis of the number of installed batteries (according to the enterprise), the timing of their operation and the weight of the battery. The calculation was carried out by the formula:
N \u003d Å N auth. I 'N I / T I, pcs / year,
where - N auth. I - Number of cars equipped with batteries of i-th type;
n i is the number of batteries in the car, pcs.;
T i - operational battery life i-th brand, year.
The weight of the generated batteries is equal to:
|
Number of cars supply. Battery of this type |
Number of ak. on the 1st car |
Battery weight, kg |
Weight of spent battery., T |
||
|
6st-55 |
17,3 |
0,023 |
|||
|
6st-90 |
28,5 |
0,009 |
|||
|
6st-190. |
58,0 |
0,039 |
|||
|
TOTAL |
0,071 |
||||
Total regulatory number of spent batteries in the enterprise is 0.071 tons / year.
The source data and the results are calculated and the table.
|
Number of |
Regulatory life, years |
|||
|
6st-55 |
||||
|
6st-90 |
||||
|
6CT-190. |
12,0 |
|||
|
TOTAL: |
15,0 |
Taking into account the density of the exhaust electrolyte, which makes up 1.27 kg × l, the amount of waste electrolyte will be 19 kg or 0.02 tons.
Exhaust electrolyte of batteries after its neutralization (043.04)
(example calculation)
The calculation of the exhaust electrolyte is made by the formula:
M \u003d Å n i 'm i, l,
where: n i is the number of worked batteries I-th brands, pcs / year;
m i - electrolyte weight in the battery of the i-th brand, l.
Initial data and calculation results are presented in the table.
|
Number of |
Regulatory life, years |
Number of electrolyte in one AK. Battery, L. |
Number of spent electrolyte, l |
|
|
6st-55 |
15,2 |
|||
|
6st-75 |
10,0 |
|||
|
6st-132. |
24,0 |
|||
|
6st-190. |
12,0 |
12,0 |
||
|
3st-215 |
||||
|
TOTAL |
68,2 |
Taking into account the density of the exhaust electrolyte, which makes up 1.27 kg × l, the amount of waste electrolyte will be 86.6 kg or 0.087 tons.
The amount of precipitate formed by neutralizing the electrolyte is determined by the formula:
M OS.EL. \u003d M + m pr. + M water,
where M is the amount of sediment generated in accordance with the reaction equation;
M pr. - the number of impurities of lime, which passed into the sediment;
Neutralization of electrolyte with negro lime passes according to the following equation:
H 2 SO 4 + Sao + H 2 O \u003d Caso 4 × 2H 2 O.
the amount of sediment of Caso 4 × 2H 2 o in accordance with the reaction equation is:
M \u003d 172 'M E' C / 98, T / year,
where: M e is the amount of exhaust electrolyte, t;
C is a mass fraction of sulfuric acid in electrolyte, C \u003d 0.35;
Initial data and calculation results are also presented to the table.
|
Number of cars |
Air air. filter, kg. |
Weight fuel. filter, kg. |
Weight oil. filter, kg. |
Weight seban. Ware. Filters, kg * |
Weight seban. Fuel. Filters, kg ** |
Weight seban. Oil. Filters, kg ** |
||
|
ZIL 433360. |
0,75 |
|||||||
|
RAF 2203. |
0,13 |
0,03 |
0,18 |
0,08 |
1,68 |
|||
|
Forklift 4014. |
0,13 |
0,03 |
600 hour |
0,39 |
0,18 |
|||
|
MTZ 80. |
600 hour |
|||||||
|
TOTAL |
2,82 |
1,16 |
16,98 |
* Replacing air filters is made after 20 thousand km of mileage or 200 MT'Hour;
** The replacement of oil and fuel filters is performed after 10 thousand kilometers of a mileage or 100 MT'Hour.
Thus, the regulatory amount of filter wastes contaminated with petroleum products will be 21 kg or 0.021 tons / year.
Source data and calculation results are presented in the table.
|
Number of cars |
Number of overlays of the brake pads, set. 1 a / m |
Weight lining brake pads, kg |
Average annual mileage, thousand km |
Weight seban. Lining brakes. Pads, kg. |
|
|
ZIL 433360. |
0,53 |
12,7 |
|||
|
RAF 2203. |
|||||
|
Auto loader |
600 hour |
||||
|
MTZ-80. |
0,53 |
600 hour |
The normative number of spent brake pads will be 23 kg / year or 0.023 tons / year.
H is the rate of collecting waste petroleum products, the shares of 1;
r is the density of the exhaust oil, kg / l, r \u003d 0.9 kg / l.
The initial data and the calculation of the spent motor and transmission oil are presented in the table.
|
Number of |
Fuel consumption rate per 100 km run |
Middle Annual Mileage of the Car, thousand km / year |
engine's type |
Number of sed Oil |
||
|
motor. |
transm. |
|||||
|
Toyota |
18,0 |
10,95 |
benz. |
0,006 |
0,0007 |
|
|
GAZ-3110. |
15,4 |
15,0 |
benz. |
0,007 |
0,0008 |
|
|
GAZ-2410. |
15,4 |
24,777 |
benz. |
0,011 |
0,0013 |
|
|
MAZ-5594. |
33,6 |
2,167 |
diz. |
0,003 |
0,0003 |
|
|
UAZ-3741 |
19,2 |
7,005 |
benz. |
0,004 |
0,0005 |
|
|
TOTAL |
0,032 |
0,004 |
||||
Thus, the regulatory amount of spent engine oil will be 0.032 tons / year, spent transmission oil - 0.004 t / year.
Tires with metal collections (200.02). Tissue Cord Tires (200.03)
(example calculation)
The calculation of the amount of waste tires with a metal coordinate and with tissue cord is made by the formula:
M \u003d Å (n i 'n i' m i 'l i) / (L n i' 10 -3), (t / year),
where N i is the number of cars of the i-th brand, pcs.;
n i - the number of tires installed on the machine i-th brand, pcs. ;
m I - the weight of one worn tire of this species, kg;
The initial data and the calculation of the used tires are presented in the table.
|
Number of a / m i-th brand, pcs. |
Number of tires on a / m, pcs. |
Brand tired |
Type Cord |
Average annual mileage, thousand km |
Romance rate of a / m until the replacement of tires, thousand km |
The weight of the spent tire, kg |
Number of spent tires, pcs. |
Mass of spent tires, t |
|
|
L n I. |
|||||||||
|
Tyota |
205/70R14. |
the cloth |
10,95 |
12,1 |
0,012 |
||||
|
"Volga" 31-10 |
195/65R15 |
15,0 |
0,018 |
||||||
|
"Volga" 24-10 |
205/70R14. |
24,777 |
12,1 |
0,036 |
|||||
|
TOTAL |
0,066 |
||||||||
|
UAZ 3741. |
240 '115. |
Metal |
7,005 |
75,0 |
0,037 |
||||
|
MAZ |
15,00-20 |
2,167 |
0,058 |
||||||
|
ZIL 431610. |
260-508 |
Number of |
Volume of Carter |
Number of spent oil, t |
|||||
|
EO-2621 excavator |
90 L. |
0,51 |
|||||||
|
EO-3323 excavator |
120 L. |
0,097 |
|||||||
|
Etz-165 excavator |
23 L. |
0,075 |
|||||||
|
For passenger cars: w \u003d 200 '0.9' 250 '10 -3 \u003d 45.0 m 3 For trucks: w \u003d 800 '0.9' 200 '10 -3 \u003d 144 m 3 For buses: w \u003d 350 '0,9' 90 '10 -3 \u003d 28.35 m 3 C 1 and C 2 - concentration of substances, respectively, before and after cleaning. For trucks, the content of suspended substances to sump 2000 mg / l, after sump - 70 mg / l, the content of petroleum products, respectively, 900 mg / l and 20 mg / l. For buses, the content of suspended substances to a sump is 1600 mg / l, after sump - 40 mg / l, the content of oil products, respectively, 850 mg / l and 115 mg / l. B - the moisture content of the sediment is 85%; g - the bulk weight of the slurry pulp, is 1.1 tons. Number of waste: for passenger cars G c Bb \u003d 45 '(700 - 40)' 10 -3 '1,1 \u003d 33 kg / year G C np \u003d 45 '(75 - 15)' 10 -3 '1,1 \u003d 3 kg / year G C BB \u003d G C / (1 - B) \u003d 33 / (1 - 0.85) \u003d 220 kg / year G C NP \u003d G C / (1 - B) \u003d 3 / (1 - 0.50) \u003d 6 kg / year For trucks: G C BB \u003d 144 '(2000 - 70)' 10 -3 '1,1 \u003d 306 kg / year G C np \u003d 144 '(900 - 20)' 10 -3 '1,1 \u003d 139 kg / year Taking into account the moisture of the precipitate B \u003d 0.85 its real number will be equal to: G C BB \u003d G C / (1 - B) \u003d 306 / (1 - 0.85) \u003d 2040 kg / year G C NP \u003d G C / (1 - b) \u003d 139 / (1 - 0.50) \u003d 278 kg / year For buses: G C BB \u003d 28.35 '(1600 - 40)' 10 -3 '1,1 \u003d 49 kg / year G C NP \u003d 28.35 '(850 - 15)' 10 -3 '1,1 \u003d 26 kg / year Taking into account the moisture of the precipitate B \u003d 0.85 its real number will be equal to: G C BB \u003d G C / (1 - b) \u003d 49 / (1 - 0.85) \u003d 327 kg / year G C np \u003d g C / (1 - b) \u003d 26 / (1 - 0.50) \u003d 52 kg / year The total amount of precipitation of sewage wastewater treatment facilities is: 2040 + 327 \u003d 2587 kg / year \u003d 2.587 t / year. Total Number of Pop-up Oil Products Oil 278 + 52 \u003d 336 kg / year \u003d 0.336 tons / year. Thus, the amount of precipitation of sewage treatment plants is 2.587 tons / year, the number of pop-up oil products of oil boss 0.336 tons (taking into account humidity). Literature: Zavyalov S.N. Car wash. (Technology and equipment) M., Transport, 1984. Departmental building standards of the enterprise for maintenance of automobiles of VSN 01-89. Mesaltotrans of the Russian Federation., M., 1990 Owned rags (013.07)
| |||||||||
Russian Joint Stock Company Energy and Electrification
"UES of Russia"
Department of Scientific and Technical Policy and Development
On the development of the draft standard of education and
Waste placement limits for electrical network enterprises
RD 153-34.3-02.206-00
Date of introduction 2002-02-01
Developed by the "Energy" section of the Russian Academy of Engineering Academy, approved by the Department of Scientific and Technical Policy and Development of RAO UES of Russia 18.09.2000. First Deputy Head of A.P. Bersenev introduced for the first time recommendations determine the procedure and methodology for the development of regulations for education and waste placement limits for the projected, existing and under construction enterprises electrical networks Any power in the electric power industry. Recommendations are designed for enterprises of electrical networks, AO-Energo, design and other electric power organizations regardless of the forms of ownership.
| 1 General Provisions 2 CONTENTS OF PROJECT 1 Introduction 2 General 3 Characteristics of the company as a source of pollution 4 Characteristics of technological processes as sources of waste 5 Calculation and justification of waste generation 6 Determination of the waste hazard class 7 Waste characteristics formed in structural enterprise divisions, and their places Storage 8 Rationale of the time accumulation of waste on the territory of the enterprise and the frequency of their export 9 list, characteristics and weight of waste production and consumption as a whole on the enterprise 10 Evaluation of the impact of waste on the environment 11 Information about a possible emergency situation 12 activities aimed at reducing the effect of waste generation On environmental state 13 offers for waste placement limits List of used literature |
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
To establish limits for placing waste, nature users must submit to approval and approval Materials containing applications, substantiation and primary information based on existing standards, technological regulations, standards, technical specifications, etc., the results of calculations of projects of limits and action plans for their achievement . For this purpose, a draft standards for the formation and limits of waste deployment are being developed. 2.1 in accordance with the project must be issued as follows. . 2.1.1 On the first page of the title page, the name of the enterprise, the name of the project, the position of the executive of the enterprise, its signature, the printing of the enterprise, locality, year of development. 2.1.2 On the second page of the title page, information about the contractors are given. In the case of attracting a third-party project to fulfill the project, it is indicated: the name of the organization, its details (INN, OKPO, windows codes), the license number, the date of its issuance, the validity period, the details of the contract, the list of immediate performers, indicating the posts and scholars. On the same page there is a list of state controls for the placement and limitation of waste that verifier and coordinate the project. 2.1.3 If necessary, after the second page of the title page, the content is placed (it is advisable for applications to make their table of contents). 2.1.4 The third page provides abstract - information about the work on the preparation of the project: - the total number of generated production and consumption waste (name and t / year), disaggregated by the hazard classes; - the amount (mass) of waste generated at the enterprise, as well as placed, used, recycled and neutralization; - the total number of temporary waste placement sites, including open and closed; the number of sites equipped in accordance with sanitary requirements, and platforms requiring accessories; - Information on planned waste management activities. 2.2 The project must have the following sections:1. INTRODUCTION
The list of basic documents is given, on the basis of which the project was developed: - The Law of the Russian Federation "On Environmental Protection" of December 19, 1991 No. 2060-1; - the law of the Russian Federation "On the waste of production and consumption" of 24.06.98, No. 89-ФЗ; - The Law of the Russian Federation "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" of 19.04.91 No. 52-ФЗ; - Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08/08/92 No. 545 "On approval of the procedure for the development and approval of environmental standards for emissions and discharge of pollutants into the environment, limits of the use of natural resources, waste placement"; - Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 28.08.92 No. 632 "On approval of the procedure for determining the board and its limiting size for pollution of the environment, waste placement and other types of harmful effects"; - temporary rules for environmental protection against waste production and consumption in the Russian Federation. / App. Ministry of Environment of the Russian Federation (Moscow: 1994); - GOST 12.1.007-88. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements; - Methodical recommendations for the design of the draft standard of education and waste placement limits (M.: Goscomecology, 1999); - the maximum amount of accumulation of toxic industrial waste On the territory of the enterprise (organization). / App. Ministry of Health of the USSR, Minovyoz of the USSR, Mingheo of the USSR (Moscow: 1985); - The order of accumulation, transportation, disposal and disposal of toxic industrial waste and guidelines for determining the toxicity class of industrial waste. / App. Ministry of Health of the USSR, GKST USSR (M.: 1987); - General requirements for design solutions temporary storage sites of industrial waste in the enterprise (M.: GP "Promoters", 1992).2 General
General About the enterprise of electrical networks are given in Table 1. Table 1|
Name |
Company | Departmental belonging | Mailing address | Type of main activity | Main production performance | The number of industrial sites and their addresses * | Fax | Surnames, initials, office telephones: | Directors | chief engineer | Officer responsible for the protection of nature | Officer responsible for organizing waste management | Bank details | Type of ownership | Number of operating |
3 characteristics of the enterprise as a source of pollution
These include: - the number of emissions and discharges of pollutants in the reporting year; - availability of emissions and discharge permits, PDA and PDS standards with the registration number and the date of their coordination; - the presence and characteristics of environmental equipment. Applications to the project are given copies of emission and discharge permissions, forms of statistical reporting 2-TP (air) and 2TP-waterHomes (if local MPR organizations of Russia) are required.4 Characteristics of technological processes as sources of waste
The characteristic of technological processes is given in Table 3. Table 3|
Object, production workshop, plot |
Technological process, activity |
Type of waste generated |
Administrative, household premises, territory | Lighting the territory, premises | Luminescent and mercury lamps spent | Vital activity of staff, cleaning of rooms, estimates from floors, from the territory | Waste equivalent to domestic | Motor transportation | Maintenance, small repair | The electrolyte is spent, waste oils, sawdusts are grilled, auto strokes and cameras worked, batteries used, scrap metal, etc. |
5 Calculation and rationale for waste education
The rate of consumption of raw materials and materials are used as starting materials -, certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials, as well as the average data of the enterprise of the power grid. The hazard class (toxicity) of waste is determined by software. This section provides the main types of waste generated at electrical networks. 5.1 Luminescent worked lamps Calculation is conducted in accordance with the formulaWhere about L.L - the number of fluorescent lamps to be disposed of, pcs.; To L.L - the number of installed fluorescent lamps in the enterprise, pcs.; H l.l - average operation of one fluorescent lamp (4.57 hours in shift); C - the number of workers shifts per year; N L.L - the regulatory service life of one fluorescent lamp, h. The normative service life of one fluorescent lamp according to GOST is 12000 hours. The mass of fluorescent lamps are determined (M L.L):
M ll \u003d o ll × g ll,
Where g ll is the mass of one fluorescent lamp. Worked fluorescent lamps should be sent to specialized enterprises for their acceptance. 5.2 Mercury worked lamps The calculation of the amount of mercury lamps used to illuminate the premises is carried out according to the formula section 5.1 under the normative service life of one lamp 8000 hours. Calculation of the amount of mercury lamps used to illuminate the territory is made by the formula
Where about R.L - the number of mercury lamps to be disposed of, pcs.; To R.L - the number of mercury lamps installed in the enterprise, pcs; H R.L - average time of operation of one mercury lamp (8 hours); N R.L - the normative service life of one mercury lamp, part. The normative service life of one mercury lamp according to GOST is 8000 hours. The mass of mercury lamps are determined (M R.L):
M R.L \u003d O R.L × G R.L,
Where G R.L is the mass of one mercury lamp. Worked mercury lamps should be sent to specialized enterprises for their acceptance. 5.3 Transformer Exhaust Oil The volume of collecting transformer oil (M MAC) is determined by the formula
Where S i is the exhaust oil collection rate collected under capital or current repair for equipment I -to type; accepted by software; T I - the service life of the oil in the type I-type, is taken by software; M i is the number of equipment I -Lo type displayed in the repair, pcs.; P is the number of types of this equipment, units; L. - The number of types of equipment, units. Purified transformer oil is used in the enterprise in accordance with the directions given in. Exhaust oil with an acid number of more than 0.25 mg of con / g is a waste. If the exhaust oil is not cleaned and is not used on another equipment, then the collection standard is 60%. 5.4 Oil Industrial Worked The oil is formed when the lubrication of various machines is replaced. The planned collection volume of industrial oil is determined by the multiplication of the planned flow rate from which the collection is possible to the norm of collection. The rate of collecting oil without additive is 50%, oils with additives - 35%. 5.5 Motor Oil Worked The oil is formed during the operation of motor vehicles with carburetor and diesel engines. Information about the existence of motor vehicles necessary to determine the volume of waste of motor oil is given in the application to the project. The amount of engine oil spent Mas. The ILO (T / year) is determined in accordance with the formulas: - for equipment operating on gasoline and liquefied gas,
Where - the consumption of gasoline I -to type of technology, l / year; Specific indicator of the formation of oil of motor spent I -to type of technology, l / 100 liters of fuel; 0.885 - Motor oil density, kg / l; 10 -3 - coefficient of translation of kilograms per ton; - for equipment operating on diesel fuel,
The initial data and the results of the calculation of the regulatory amount of engine oil is expediently reduced to the table 4. Table 4
|
Type of technology |
Fuel consumption, l / year |
Motor exhaust oil formation volume, T / year |
Machinery operating on gasoline and liquefied gas | Cars | Trucks | Buses | Diesel fuel technique | Trucks | Buses | Off-road technique - Summage and other similar technique |
Where - the consumption of gasoline I -to type of technology, l / year; - a specific indicator of the formation of oil of transmission exhaust I -to type of technology, l / 100 liters of fuel; 0.93 - the density of transmission oil, kg / l; 10 -3 - coefficient of translation of kilograms per ton; - for equipment operating on diesel fuel,
The initial data and the results of the calculation of the regulatory amount of transmission oil generation should be reduced to Table 5. Table 5
|
Type of technology |
Fuel consumption, l / year |
Specific indicator of the formation of oil used, l / 100 l |
Transmission exhaust oil formation volume, T / year |
Machinery operating on gasoline and liquefied gas | Cars | Trucks | Buses | Diesel fuel technique | Trucks | Buses | Off-road technique | - dump trucks and other similar technique |
Where r - annual mileage of the car, km; N A.B - a specific indicator of the acid formation of accumulatory worked, l / 10000 km of run; 1.1 - acid density, t / m 3. The initial data and the results of the calculation of the regulatory amount of the acid formation of the accumulator spent appropriately to be reduced to Table 6. Table 6 of the acid Sulfur exhaust is also formed when replacing the batteries installed at the electrical network enterprise. Its amount is determined by average data for 3 years. 5.9 Lubricant-coolant and emulsion worked As a lubricating and coolant (coolant) used to cool the cutting tools and processed on machine equipment, an aqueous emulsion is used. The total exit of the exhaust emulsion (Slage) is calculated by the formula
Mh coolant \u003d V coolant n
Where V coolant - the annual consumption of the emulsion, T; N Coolant - a collection rate (13%). 5.10 Oils Installation Washing Motor Transport The calculation of the amount of oilshlam (M N.SH) is made by the formula
Where Q in is the flow rate of oil-containing effluents, m 3 / year; With OCC concentration of petroleum products in its original water, mg / l; With Och - the concentration of petroleum products in purified water, mg / l; P is the waterproof of the oilshlam,%; G is the density of the oilshlam, g / cm 3. The data for the calculation is made according to the results of analyzes for the content of oil products in water before and after installing vehicles washing, 5.11 Ribs are grilled The hammering rag is formed when maintaining and repairing the main and auxiliary equipment, machine park and motor vehicles. The volume of education of this type of waste from motor vehicles is determined in accordance with the formula
Where M vet.Avt is the total number of wetting vehicles of grilled; R - annual mileage of technology, km; H VET is a specific rate of consumption of a woolproof material for 10 thousand kilometers of a mileage of technology, kg / 10,000 km. The initial data and the results of the calculation of the required amount of waste vehicle for the operation of motor vehicles should be reduced to Table 7. Table 7 Number of grinding vehicles when servicing and repairing machine park (M vet) is determined by the formula
M Vet.st \u003d with I. × N. I. ,
Where S. I. - the number of shifts of work in the year of the type of machine tools; N. I. - The norm of the formation of the vet for shift, g. 5.12 Oil exhaust filters The number of filters of oil worked on F.O (T) during operation of motor vehicles is determined in accordance with the formulas:
Where about F.O - the total number of oil-worked filters, T; P - annual mileage of technology, km; P ILO - annual work technique, motochas; N is a normative mileage for replacing filters, thousand km; N ML - Regulatory work for replacing filters, motochas; M F - Mass of the filter, because the initial data and the results of calculating the amount of formation of oil waste filters are reduced to Table 8. Table 8 5.13 Wood waste grilled (sawdust) The sawdusts are made to be formed when servicing and repairing vehicles, liquidation of spills and spots of oils in industrial premises and on the territory of the industrial site. The amount of pure sawdust is determined by average data. The annual amount of waste formation in the form of sawdust is grilled taking into account the increase in their mass due to grinding is calculated as:
M Opil. Issue \u003d m Opil. Cyst 1.05 t / year.
5.14 The sediment of the installation of the car wash of the precipitate is formed during the purification of water contaminated with petroleum products. The amount of precipitate of the oilshlam (M N.SH) is calculated by the formula
Where Q in is the flow rate of oil-containing effluents, m 3 / year; With a recreation - a concentration of suspended substances in its original water, mg / l; With the occupancy - the concentration of suspended substances in purified water, mg / l; P is the waterproof of the precipitate,%; G OC - precipitate density, g / cm 3. Data for calculation is made according to the results of analyzes on the content of suspended substances in water before and after installation. 5.15 Exhaust auto strokes The regulatory amount and the mass of worn auto strokes M AP.In (T) is determined in accordance with the formula
Where k y is the coefficient of utilization of auto strokes to y \u003d 0.85; N. - the number of types of cars in the enterprise; N cf. I. - average annual mileage of the car I -to type, thousand km; BUT I. - quantity of cars I-th, pcs.; TO I. - the number of rolling wheels mounted on the i-v form of the car, pcs.; M. J. - Mass of the i -y models of the auto strokes, kg; N. J. - Regulatory mileage of the I-th model of the auto strokes, thousand km. Taxes and calculation results should be reduced to Table 9. Table 9 Note - the auto strokes are divided into tires with a metal cord and on tires with textile cord. 5.16 Cameras Automotive Exhaust The number of chambers corresponds to the number of worn auto strokes. On average, the mass of the chamber of the passenger car is 1.6 kg, and the cargo is 4.0 kg. Based on this is determined total weight worn cameras. 5.17 Rubber Products Worked Waste rubber products are formed when replacing worn rubber parts (sleeves, cuffs, gaskets, drive and fan belts, etc.) of equipment of the enterprise and road transport. The amount, rubber products is determined according to the flow data of these parts per year (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials). 5.18 Rechargeable Acid Acid Batteries (assembled) Calculation of the regulatory volume of waste of batteries is made in accordance with the formula
Where M AB is a mass of spent batteries for the year, t; To A.B. I. - The number of fixed batteries I. -y brand in the enterprise; M AB I. - Middle Mass of one battery I. -y brand, kg; N A. B. I. - service life of one battery, years; N. - the number of battery batteries in the enterprise; 10 -3 - coefficient of translation of kilograms per ton. The initial data and the results of the calculation of the amount of waste batteries on the motor vehicle is advisable to be reduced to Table 10. Table 10 The calculation of the number of batteries of worked batteries can be carried out on the range of cars. Rechargeable batteries are formed both at the enterprise of electrical networks. Their number and mass are determined by the average data for three years. 5.19 Discharges of electrodes Sparking electrodes are formed during welding. The number of electrodes received by the enterprise per year is determined by the average data (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials). When the electrode is replaced, the remaining light is 10-12% of its length. The mass of flags is: m og \u003d m × × 0,11 t / year. 5.20 welding slag The waste in the form of slag is equal to 10% of the mass of the electrodes. The mass of the welding slag is:
M shl \u003d m × × 0.1 t / year.
5.21 Asbestos-containing waste Asbestos-containing waste is formed when replacing equipment thermal insulation, as well as when replacing the overlays of brake waste vehicles. The number of waste waste is determined by annual consumption of these materials (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials). 5.22 thermal insulation materials Waste These types of waste (chamotte brick, refractory clay, etc.) are formed during repair work. The number of waste waste is determined by annual consumption of these materials (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials). 5.23 ferrous metal scrap 5.23.1 Metal chips This type of waste is formed during mechanical processing of parts. To calculate the amount of metal chips, it is necessary to have data on machine park (type of machine tools and their number by type) and the operation time of machines per year. Calculation is based on the formula
Where K. I. - Number of machines I. - type, pcs.; N i chip - regulatory of shavings I. - type of machine tools, kg / shift; IN I. - number shift i.- type of machine tools, shift / year; 10 -3 - coefficient of translation of kilograms per ton. 5.23.2 Melkokusska scrap This type of waste (pieces, marriage) is formed during metalworking, installation and repair of equipment. When metalworking, the number of loses of small-sided can be calculated as:
M Kusk \u003d m Ch.Met N meth.Th - M Stip T / year,
Where m b .met is the amount of ferrous metal acquired for metalworking, T; N meth.Th is the standard of formation of ferrous metals (pieces, chips, marriage) - 180-195 kg per 1 tons of treated metal. There is no standard for the formation of the formation of a loss of small-scale equipment and repair equipment, therefore its amount is taken by average data. 5.23.3 Local scuba This type of waste is formed during the repair or dismantling of metal structures. There is no equipment for the formation of the formation of scrapery, there is no equipment for the installation and repair equipment, therefore its amount is accepted by annual consumption of this material (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials). 5.24 non-ferrous metal scrap 5.24.1 Metal chips This type of waste is formed during metal processing of non-ferrous metals. The calculation of the metal chips is conducted according to formula 5.23.1. 5.24.2 Melkokusskova scrap This type of waste is formed during the repair of power lines and equipment containing non-ferrous metals. There is no norm of formation of the formation of a loss of small -coming non-ferrous metals, therefore its amount is adopted by average data for three years. 5.24.3 Local scrap This type of waste is formed when repairing or disassembling equipment. There is no equipment for the formation of the formation of scrapery, there is no equipment for the installation and repair equipment, therefore its amount is accepted by annual consumption of this material (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials). 5.25 Air Filters Exhaust Exhaust air filters are formed as a result of operation of motor vehicles. The number of air filters spent on their annual flow rate (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials). 5.26 abrasive circles scrap The exhaust abrasive tool is formed in the mechanical processing of parts on sharpened, grinding and cutting machines. The amount of this type of waste is determined on the basis of the mass of the circles admitted to replace the exhaust (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials) multiplied by the coefficient of 0.5, since according to the mass of spent circles is 50% new. 5.27 Abrasive-metal dust Abrasive-metal dust is formed when the metal parts are processed by abrasive tools. The amount of this type of waste is calculated by the formula
M ADMM \u003d M of dust.ABR + M of dust. Merch T / year,
Where M dust.ABR - dust of abrasive circles, equal to the mass of their wear (see section 5.26); M dustmet - metallic dust calculated by the ratio
M dust.et \u003d m dust.ABR × t / year
(here 0.0333 and 0.0142 g / s, respectively, the output of metal and abrasive dust during the processing of parts). 5.28 Wood waste Clean (Waste of sawn timber) These types of waste are calculated based on the amount of wood that has been processed (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials), and the standard of their education. 5.29 Box This type of waste is calculated on the basis of the mass of glass consumed to replace the broken (certificate of consumption of raw materials and materials). 5.30 Fight of Porcelain Insulators The amount of this type of waste is calculated on the basis of the average data for three years. 5.31 Building waste Defined according to the average data of the enterprise for three years. 5.32 CF Estimates from the territory of an enterprise having a solid coating is determined by the formula
M cm \u003d f tv x h cm × 0,5
Where f tv is the area of \u200b\u200bsolid coverage of the territory of the PES, M 2; Nm - specific ratio of the formation of the estimation, 5 kg / m 2 / year (adopted according to Moskomprod), 0.5 - the coefficient, provided that the territory is sweeping 6 months. per year. 5.33 Solid household waste The number of solid household waste is defined as a product of the number of employees of the enterprise on the standard of education.
6 Determination of waste hazard class
If necessary, this section placed materials to determine the hazard class of waste.7 Characteristics of waste generated in structural divisions of the enterprise, and their storage locations
Based on the calculations and justification of the expected volume of waste generation, a table is compiled in form.8 Justification of the volume of temporary accumulation of waste on the territory of the enterprise and the frequency of their export
Information comes down to the table in the form.9 List, characteristics and weight of production waste and consumption as a whole on the enterprise
The information presented in the previous sections is generalized and is represented as a table in form.10 Evaluation of the impact of waste on the environment
In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On the waste of production and consumption" of 24.06.98. No. 89-FZ and the enterprise must comply with the conditions for collecting, temporary storage and transportation of waste generated, eliminating their harmful effects on the environment. Evaluation of the impact of waste on the environment is carried out in the case of: - waste storage open soil; - storage of liquid or pasty waste without pallets, covers, canopies, on a platform without solid coating, etc.; - storing waste not lower than III hazard class in container with impaired its tightness, the integrity of the shell, etc.11 Information about a possible emergency
To prevent emergency, the conditions for the storage of waste must comply with the current documents: the general requirements for project decisions of temporary storage sites of industrial waste in the enterprise, the maximum number of accumulation of toxic industrial waste in the enterprise (organization), fire safety rules in the Russian Federation: PPB-01- 93 and local fire safety instructions. Conditions safe storage Wastes are shown in Table 11. Table 11|
Name of waste |
Temporary storage conditions |
Fluorescent worked lamps, mercury worked lamps | Store and transport in a special container in a vertical position. Must be transferred with cardboard covers. Store in a special room in which unauthorized persons should be excluded | Sulfuric acid accumulator | Store in marked, tightly closed glass bottles indoors equipped with ventilation. Transport - in a wooden crate with a chipping gasket that protects the bottle from random strikes | All types of waste oils, oil leaving from installing car wash | Store in closed metal tanks installed on pallets, separately on brands of oils under a canopy on the venues, where contact with open fire is eliminated. Storage Places Equip Fire Extinguishing Tools * | Lubricating and coolant and emulsion worked | Store in closed metal tanks mounted on pallets, under a canopy on the venues, where the contact with open fire is eliminated. Storage Places Equip Fire Extinguishing Tools * | Oil rods, oil filters | Store in containers with a lid installed in places where contact with open fire is eliminated. Storage Places Equip Fire Extinguishing Tools * | Exhaust cuts, rubber waste (cameras), rubber products | Store on special platforms with solid coating (small products - in containers), in places that exclude contact with open fire. Storage Places Equip Fire Extinguishing Tools * | Acid acid accumulators (assembled) | Store on a platform with a solid coating. Exclude moisture | Ferrous metal scrap | Store on a specially reserved fenced platform with solid coating | Ferrous metal scrap (small and chips), spars of electrodes and scrap containers from under paint and varnishes | Store on a platform with a solid coating in containers | Abrasive Circle Scrap, Abrasive Dust, Metal Dust, Welding Slag | Store in closed containers, exclude dustiness | Rubber products worn, brake overlays are worked, glass, used wooden products, waste equivalent to domestic, estimates from the territory | Store in containers, eliminate open fire contact |
12 Activities aimed at reducing the effect of generated waste on the environment
(Company name)
____________________________________________________________________________
(Signature of the head of the enterprise)
13 Suggestions for waste placement limits
Information is given in tabular form.List of used literature
1. Temporary rules for environmental protection against waste production and consumption in the Russian Federation. / App. Ministry of Signs of the Russian Federation. - M.: 1994. 2. Methodical recommendations on the design of the draft standards for education and waste placement limits. - M.: Goscomecology, 1999. 3. Temporary classifier of toxic industrial waste and guidelines for determining the toxicity of industrial waste. Ministry of Health of the USSR, GKST USSR from 13.05.87 No. 4286-87. 4. Reference materials on the specifications of the formation of the most important types of production and consumption waste, - M.: Nizpuro, 1996. 5. Collection of specifications for the formation of waste and consumption waste, - M.: Goscomecology, 1999. 6. Methodical instructions on the use of waste turbine and transformer oils on the technological needs of energy enterprises: RD 34.43.302-91. - M.: SPO OrGRES, 1993. 7. Instructions on the organization of the collection and rational use of spent petroleum products in the Russian Federation. / App. Order of the Ministry of Powerednergo of the Russian Federation of 25.09.98, No. 311. - M.: 1998. 8. Individual rate of flow of transformer oil for repair and operational needs for energy enterprises. - M.: SPO Soyuztehenergo, 1987. 9. Snip 2 .04.03-85. Sewage. External networks and facilities. 10. Thermal and atomic electrical stations. Directory. - M.: Energoisdat, 1982. 11. Sectoral catalog "Abrasive materials and tools". - M.: VNIIASH, 1991. 12. Short car directory. - M.: Transconsalting, 1994. 13. Fire safety rules for energy enterprises: WDD 01-02-95 (RD 34.03.301-95). - Chelyabinsk: Firm "AOSCO", 1995. 14. Safety regulations for the operation of heat-mechanical equipment of power plants and thermal networks: RD 34.03.201-97. - M.: ENAS, 1997. Change No. 1/2000 to RD 34.03.201-97. - M.: ZAO "Energoservis", 2000. Keywords: standards, limits, waste production and consumption, enterprise electrical networks.Annex to "Temporary
Methodical recommendations for the design of the project of limiting waste placement for the enterprise "
St. Petersburg
Methodological recommendations provide estimated formulas to determine the issues of waste generics characteristic of motor transport enterprises (ATP), gas stations (gas stations), maintenance stations (service station), as well as some typical production and consumption waste.
The above material is intended for developers of waste placement projects. Ecological service workers of enterprises and organization, lencomecology specialists, employees of the executive and municipal structures, listeners of an additional education system.
Preface ................................................... .................................................. ....... five
1. Calculation of standards for the formation of production and consumption waste ........................ 6
1.1. Scrap of ferrous metals, formed when repairing vehicles ............... 6
1.2. Exhaust batteries ................................................. ............... 6.
1.2.1. Exhaust Battery Batteries Lead Starter with Electrolyte 6
1.2.2. Exhaust Battery Batteries Tight Starter without electrolyte 7
1.2.3. Twin-containing plates ................................................ ......... 7.
1.2.4. Plastics (plastic battery case) .................................... 7
1.2.5. Exhaust electrolyte ................................................ .............. 7.
1.2.6. The precipitate from the neutralization of electrolyte ............................................. 8
1.3. Worked filter elements of the car engine lubrication system 10
1.4. Exhaust car tires........................................................ 10
1.5. Worked overlays of brake pads ............................................. 10
1.6. Exhaust oils ................................................ ............................. eleven
1.6.1. Motor and transmission oils .............................................. eleven
1.6.2. Exhaust industrial oil ............................................. 12
1.6.3. Emulsion from the oil leading compressor ..................................... 12
1.7. Oils from stripping fuel storage tanks ............................. 13
1.8. Waste wastewater treatment facilities and vehicle washing installations 15
1.8.1. The precipitate of sewage treatment facilities ................................................... ........ fifteen
1.8.2. Pop-up petroleum products ................................................ ...... fifteen
1.9. Metal chips ................................................ ......................... fifteen
1.10. Metal-containing dust .................................................. ....................... sixteen
1.11. Abrasive-metal dust and scrap abrasive products ........................ 16
1.12. Sparks of welding electrodes ............................................... ................. 17.
1.13. Oslennaya rag ................................................ ........................... 17.
1.14. Tara 18.
1.15. Waste solvents ................................................ ........................... eighteen
1.16. Sludge hydrofilters painting chambers .............................................. .... nineteen
1.17. Dust rubber ................................................ ........................................ nineteen
1.18. Coal slag, coolant ash ........................................ 19
1.19. Woodworking waste ................................................ ....................... twenty
1.19.1. Skusky Waste Wood ............................................... ......... twenty
1.19.2. Chips, sawdust wood .............................................. ........... 21
1.20. Exhaust luminescent and mercury lamps ...................................... 22
1.21. Sewage waste ................................................ ...................... 22.
1.22. Household waste................................................ ................................... 23.
1.23. Food waste................................................ .................................. 25.
1.24. Introduce from the territory ............................................................. ................................. 25.
2. Automation of calculation of production and consumption waste management standards. 26.
LITERATURE................................................. .................................................. ........ 27.
Preface
Methods for determining the amount of production and consumption waste generated and consumption must be carried out to address the following issues in the field of waste management: selective collection, selection of temporary accumulation sites on the enterprise site, rationing, transportation, disposal.
General provisions on methods for determining the amounts of waste generated in the "temporary rules of environmental protection against production and consumption waste in the Russian Federation", M., 1994 and in the "temporary methodological recommendations for the design of the project of limiting waste placement for the enterprise".
Methodical recommendations contain calculated formulas to determine the issues of waste education, characteristic of motor transport enterprises (ATP), gas stations (gas stations), maintenance stations (service station), as well as some typical production and consumption waste.
1. Calculation of education standards
Production and consumption waste
1.1. Ferrous metal scrap formed when repairing vehicles
The calculation of the number of ferrous metal scrap formed during the repair of motor vehicles is made by the formula:
M \u003d s n i õ m i x l i / l n i x k cm / 100, t / year
where: N i is the number of cars i-that brand, pcs,
m i is the mass of the car i-that brand, t,
L i is the average annual mileage of the car i-than brand, thousandkm / year,
L N i is the norm of the mileage of the rolling stock before repair, thousandkm.
k File - specific standard for replacing parts from ferrous metals during repair,%,
k File \u003d 1-10% (according to inventory).
100 - transferable coefficient.
Summation is made on all brands of cars.
1.2. Exhaust batteries
As an example, the calculation of the number of spent battery powered batteries is considered.
Exhaust batteries can surrender to recruitment assembly or disassembled state. If the batteries disassemble, the following types of waste are formed: lead-containing plates (lead-containing leasing), plastic (plastic battery case), precipitate from electrolyte neutralization.
Currently, enterprises that take on the processing of spent rechargeable batteries with electrolyte appeared.
1.2.1. Developed batteries lead
Starter with electrolyte
The number of batteries formed during the operation of motor vehicles is determined by the formula:
N \u003d S auto i * n i / t i, (pcs / year)
where: N auto i is the number of cars equipped with the batteries of the i-type type;
Types of batteries for cars of this brand are given in;
ni - the number of batteries in the car, pcs; (usually for carburetor
cars - 1 pcs., for diesel - can be 2 pcs.),
Ti - operational service life of batteries I-th brand, year
T i \u003d 1.5-3 years, depending on the brand of machines.
The weight of the generated batteries is equal to:
M \u003d S n i * m I * 10 -3, (T / year)
where: N i is the number of spent batteries I-th brand, pcs / year,
m i - weight of one battery i-th brand with electrolyte, kg.
The summation is carried out on all brands of batteries.
1.2.2. Exhaust Batteries Lead Starter Batteries
Without electrolyte
The mass of spent battery batteries without electrolyte is calculated by the formula shown in paragraph 2.2.,
where: M i is the weight of the battery i-type without electrolyte, kg
1.2.3. Twin-containing plates
Determination of the number of lead-containing scrap is made by the formula:
where: M i is the mass of the lead-containing plates in the battery
i-thy type, kg,
1.2.4. Plastic (Plastic Battery Case)
The amount of plastic generated is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d s m i * n i * 10 -3, t / year,
where: M i is the mass of plastics in the battery of the i-type, kg;
The value is provided in GOST or vehocport for this type.
rechargeable battery
N i - the number of batteries i-type, pcs.
1.2.5. Exhaust electrolyte
one). The amount of exhaust electrolyte is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d S M I * N I * 10 -3
where: m i is the weight of the electrolyte in the battery i-th brand, kg;
N i - the number of batteries of the i-th brand batteries, pcs;
The summation is carried out on all brands of batteries.
1.2.6. Electrolyte neutralization sediment
The neutralization of the electrolyte can be carried out by a hawed or negared lime.
one). Determination of the amount of precipitate formed by electrolyte neutralization negareva
M OS Vl \u003d M + M PR + M Water
where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the reaction equation,
Neutralization of electrolyte with negro lime passes along the following reaction equation:
H 2 SO 4 + Cao + H 2 O \u003d Caso 4 . 2 H 2 O
.
M of \u003d 56 * M u * s / 98 / p
where: 56 is the molecular weight of calcium oxide,
Lime varieties.
M \u003d m out of * (1 - p)
M water \u003d M u * (1 - c) - M u * s * 18/98 \u003d m d * (1 - 1.18c)
M OS Vl \u003d M + M PR + M Water
2). Determination of the amount of precipitate formed by electrolyte neutralization haashed Lime is made by the formula:
M OS Vl \u003d M + M PR + M Water
where: M is the amount of precipitate formed in accordance with the equation
reactions
M pr - the number of impurities of lime, which has passed the sediment,
The neutralization of the electrolyte with hawed lime passes according to the following equation of reaction:
H 2 SO 4 + Ca (OH) 2 \u003d Caso 4 . 2 H 2 O
The amount of the resulting sediment CASO 4 . 2 H 2 O in accordance with the reaction equation is:
M \u003d 172 * M E * C / 98, T / year
where: M e is the amount of exhaust electrolyte, t
C - Mass fraction of sulfuric acid in electrolyte, C \u003d 0.35
172 - calcium sulfate crystalline molecular weight,
98 - Molecular weight of sulfuric acid.
The amount of lime (m from) required to neutralize the electrolyte is calculated by the formula:
M from \u003d 74 * M u * s / 98 / p
where: 74 - calcium hydroxide molecular weight,
P - mass fraction of the active part in lime, p \u003d 0.4-0.9, depending on the brand and
Lime varieties.
The number of lime impurities (MD), which has passed the sediment, is:
M \u003d m out of * (1 - p)
M water \u003d m u * (1 - c)
The amount of the resulting wet sediment, taking into account impurities in lime is:
M OS Vl \u003d M + M PR + M Water
Humidity of the sediment is: m Water / M OS Vl * 100
1.3. Exhaust filter elements
Car engine lubrication systems
The calculation of the norm of the exhaust filters generated during the operation of vehicles is carried out by the formula:
n i - the number of filters installed on the machine i-th brand, pcs;
m I - the weight of one filter on the vehicle of the i-th brand, kg;
filter elements, thousand km.
1.4. Worked automotive tires
The calculation of the amount of used tires with a metal coordinate and tissue cord is made separately. The calculation of the amount of spent tires (T / year) from vehicles is made by the formula:
M \u003d s n i x n i x m i x l i / l n i x 10 -3 (t / year)
where: N i is the number of cars i-than brand, pcs,
n i - the number of tires installed on the machine i-th brand, pcs. ;
m I - the weight of one worn tire of this species, kg;
L i is the average annual mileage of the car I-th brand, thousandkm / year,
L N I is the norm of the mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand to replace the tires, thousandkm.
The calculation is more convenient to represent in the form of a table, the general view of which is presented in Table 1.
Table 1.
1.5. Exhaust brake pads
Replacing the brake pads are performed when conducting TO-2.
The calculation of the amount of spent overlays of the brake pads (T / year) is made by the formula:
M \u003d S n i x n i x m i x l i / l n i x 10 -3, t / year
where: N i is the number of cars i-than brand, pcs,
n i - the number of overlays of the brake pads on the I-th brand a / m, pcs;
m i is the mass of one brake pad lining a / m i-th brand, kg;
L i is the average annual mileage of the car I-th brand, thousandkm / year,
L n i - the norm of the mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand before replacement
Lining brake pads, thousand km.
1.6. Exhaust oils
1.6.1. Motor and Transmission Oils
(MMO group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)
The calculation of the amount of waste motor and transmission oil can be carried out in two options.
one). The calculation of the amount of waste motor and transmission oil through fuel consumption is made by the formula:
M \u003d s n i * q i * l i * n i * h * r * 10 -4 (t / year)
where: N i is the number of cars i-than brand, pcs,
q i is the rate of fuel consumption per 100 km run, l / 100 km;
L i is the average annual mileage of the car I-th brand, thousandkm / year,
n i is an oil consumption rate of 100 liters of fuel, l / 100 l;
Motor oil consumption rate for carburetor engine
n MK \u003d 2.4 l / 100 l;
Motor oil consumption rate for diesel engine
n MD \u003d 3.2 l / 100 l;
Transmission oil rate for carburetor engine
n TK \u003d 0.3 l / 100 l;
Transmission oil rate for diesel engine
n TD \u003d 0.4 l / 100 l;
H is the norm of collecting waste petroleum products, shares from 1; H \u003d 0.12 - 0.15;
2). The calculation of the amount of waste motor and transmission oil through the volume of lubrication systems is made separately by type of oil by the formula:
M \u003d S N I * V I * L I / L N I * K * R * 10 -3, T / year
where: N i is the number of cars i-than brand, pcs,
V i - the volume of oil poured into the machine i-than brand at the same time,
L i is the average annual mileage of the car I-th brand, thousandkm / year,
L N i is the norm of the mileage of the rolling stock of the i-th brand to the replacement of oil, thousandkm,
k - the coefficient of completeness of the oil drain, k \u003d 0.9,
r is the density of the exhaust oil, kg / l, r \u003d 0.9 kg / l.
1.6.2. Exhaust industrial oil
one). Industrial oils formed during the operation of thermal departments (MIO Group in accordance with GOST 21046-86)
The amount of waste oil used during thermal processing of parts is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s v * n * k s * r, t / year
where: V is a working volume of the bath used to quench parts, M3,
n - the number of oil replacement per year,
k C is the waste oil collection factor (according to inventory),
r is the density of the exhaust oil, kg / l, r \u003d 0.9 kg / l.
2). Industrial oils formed during the operation of machines, compressors, presses (group MMO in accordance with GOST 21046-86)
The amount of spent oil drained from the equipment is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s n i * v * n * k s * r * 10 -3, t / year
where: n i is the number of equipment of the equipment i-than brand, pcs.,
V - Oil Carter Oil Carter I-Toy Brand, L Carter Volumes
are given in passports for this type of equipment,
n - the amount of oil replacement per year,
k C - the waste oil collection factor, k c \u003d 0.9
r is the density of the exhaust oil, kg / l, r \u003d 0.9 kg / l.
1.6.3. Emulsion from the Maslovka Compressor
The calculation of the emulsion from the oil leading compressor is made by the formula:
M \u003d s n i * n i * t i / (1-k) * 10 -6, t / year
where: n i is the number of compressors i-than brand, pcs.,
n i is the rate of consumption of compressor oil on the compressor lubrication of the i-than brand, g / h;
Oil consumption rates on lubricant are given in passports for this species.
equipment,
t i is the average number of hours of operation of the i-than brand compressors per year, hour / year,
1.7. Oils from stripping fuel storage tanks
The calculation of the amount of oilshlama formed from stripping fuel storage tanks can be carried out in two options.
one). The calculation of the amount of oilshlama formed from the stripping of fuel storage tanks through the height of the precipitate layer is carried out in accordance with.
For tanks with diesel fuel related to petroleum products 2 groups, and for tanks with fuel oil belonging to oil products 3 groups, the amount of the resulting oilshlam is consisted of petroleum products on the walls of the reservoir, and precipitate.
For gasoline tanks related to petroleum products of group 1, perhaps permissible to neglect the amount of petroleum products poured on the walls of the reservoir.
The mass of the oil product reservoir poured on the inner walls is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d k n * s, t
where: k n is the nagward coefficient of petroleum products to vertical
Metal surface, kg / m2;
for petroleum products 2-3 groups K H \u003d 1.3-5.3 kg / m2;
S is the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe nagward, m2.
The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe vertical cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:
S \u003d 2 * p * r * n, m2
H is the height of the cylindrical part, m.
The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe nagward horizontal cylindrical tanks is determined by the formula:
for reservoirs with flat bottoms:
S \u003d 2 * P * R * L + 2 * P * R 2 \u003d 2 * P * R (L + R), m2
where: r - the radius of the bottom of the reservoir, m,
L is the length of the cylindrical part of the reservoir, m.
for tanks with conical bottoms:
S \u003d 2 * p * r * l + 2 * p * r * a \u003d 2 * p * r (l + a), m2
a - length of the forming conical part of the tank, m.
for tanks with spherical bottoms:
S \u003d 2 * p * r * l + 2 * p * (R 2 + H 2) \u003d 2 * p (R * L + R 2 + H 2), m2
where: r is the radius of the cylindrical part of the reservoir, m,
L is the length of the cylindrical part of the reservoir, m,
h is the height of the spherical segment of the reservoir, m.
The weight of the sediment in the vertical cylindrical tank is determined by the formula:
P \u003d p * r 2 * h * r, t
where: R is the inner radius of the tank, m,
h - the height of the sediment, m,
r is a precipitate density equal to 1 t / m3.
The mass of the sediment in the cylindrical horizontal tank is determined by the formula:
P \u003d 1/2 * * R * L, T
where: B - the length of the arc of the circle, limiting the sediment below, m,
b \u003d Ö a 2 + (16 H 2/3)
r is the internal radius of the tank, m,
a - Length of chord, limiting the surface of the sediment from above, m,
a \u003d 2 Ö 2 h R - H 2
h - the height of the sediment, M, (is accepted according to the inventory),
r is a precipitate density equal to 1 t / m3,
L is the length of the reservoir, m.
2). The calculation of the amount of oilshlama formed from the stripping of fuel storage tanks taking into account the specifications of the formula is made by the formula:
M \u003d V * K * 10 -3, T / year
where: V is the annual volume of fuel stored in the reservoir, T / year,
k - a specific regulatory of the formation of the oilshlam to 1t stored
fuel, kg / t,
· For tanks with gasoline k \u003d 0.04 kg per 1 t of gasoline,
· For tanks with diesel fuel k \u003d 0.9 kg per 1 ton of diesel fuel
· For tanks with fuel oil k \u003d 46 kg per 1 t of fuel oil.
1.8. Waste wastewater treatment plants
and vehicle washing installations
1.8.1. The precipitate of sewage treatment facilities
The amount of precipitate of sewage treatment plants (in the absence of reagent treatment), taking into account its humidity is calculated by the formula:
where: q is the annual wastewater consumption, m3 / year,
With up to - concentration of suspended substances to treatment facilities, mg / l,
From after - the concentration of suspended substances after treatment facilities, mg / l,
B - the moisture of the sediment,%.
When used to clean the reagents, it is necessary to take into account the amount of sediment generated from the amount of reagents used.
1.8.2. Pop-up petroleum products
The number of pop-up petroleum products, taking into account humidity, is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d q x (from to - from after) x 10 -6 / (1 - in / 100), t / year
where: Q - annual wastewater consumption, m3 / year
With up to - concentration of petroleum products to sewage treatment facilities, mg / l,
From after - the concentration of petroleum products after treatment facilities, mg / l,
1.9. Metal chips
The amount of metallic chips formed during metal processing is determined by the formula:
M \u003d Q * K pp / 100, t / year
where: q is the amount of metal coming to processing, t / year,
k p - the norm of the formation of metal chips,%, (approximately 10-15%, is more accurately determined according to the inventory data).
1.10. Metal-containing dust
The calculation of the amount of dust for machine tools equipped with ventilation and dust installation is given.
one). In the presence of a coordinated volume of PDV, the number of metal-containing dust, which is generated during the operation of metalworking machines and is collected in the bunker of the dust collecting apparatus, is determined by the formula:
M \u003d M PDV * H / (1 - H), T / year
where: m PDV is a gross emission of metal dust according to the project PDV, T / year,
h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collecting device (according to the project PDV), the share of 1.
2). In the absence of an agreed volume of PDV, the number of metal-containing dust, which is generated during the operation of metalworking machines and is collected in the bunker of the dust collecting apparatus, is determined by the formula:
M \u003d S 3.6 * K I * T I * H / (1 - H) * 10 -3, T / year
where: k i is the specific allocation of metal dust when working
Machine of the i-th view, g / s,
T i is the number of hours of work per year of the machine of the i-th view, hour / year,
The summation is made in all types of equipment from which the air is removed in this dust collecting device.
1.11. Abrasive-metal dust and abrasive scrap
one). In the presence of an agreed volume of PDV, the number of abrasive-metal dust, which is generated during the operation of sharpening and grinding machines and gathering in the bunker of the dust collecting apparatus is determined by the formula:
M A-M \u003d M PDV * H / (1 - H), T / year
where: M PDV - gross emission of abrasive metal dust according to the project PDV, T / year,
h - degree of cleaning in the dust collecting device (according to the project PDV), the share of 1
The number of scrap of abrasive products (in the presence of PDV volume) is determined by the formula:
M scrap \u003d m a-m / h * k 2 (1 - k 1) / k 1, t / year
where: m A-M - abrasive-metal dust, caught in cyclone, T / year,
h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collecting device (according to the project PDV), the share of 1,
2). In the absence of an agreed volume of PDV or in the absence of emissions of abrasive-metal dust into the atmosphere, the number of abrasive-metal dust, which is generated during the operation of sharpening and grinding machines and is collected in the bunker of the dust collecting apparatus, is determined by the formula:
M a-m \u003d s n i * m i * k 1 / k 2 * h * 10 -3, t / year
k 1 - coefficient of wear of abrasive circles until they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,
k 2 - the proportion of abrasive in abrasive-metal dust ,,
· For corundum abrasive circles K 2 \u003d 0.35,
· For diamond abrasive circles K 2 \u003d 0.10,
h is the degree of cleaning in the dust collecting apparatus, the shares from 1.
The amount of scrap of abrasive products is determined by the formula:
M scrap \u003d S n i * m I * (1 - k 1) * 10 -3, t / year
where: n i is the number of abrasive circles of the i-th view spent in the year, pcs / year,
m i is the mass of the new abrasive circle of the i-th view, kg,
k 1 - coefficient of wear of abrasive circles until they are replaced, k 1 \u003d 0.70,
1.12. Sparks welding electrodes
The amount of welding electrodes formed flairkers is determined by the formula:
M \u003d g * n * 10 -5, t / year
where: G - the number of electrodes used, kg / year,
n is the norm of the formation of flames from the consumption of electrodes,%, n \u003d 15%.
1.13. Wastered rag
The amount of oiled vet is determined by the formula:
M \u003d m / (1- k), t / year
where: M is the number of dry winds spent in the year, T / year,
1.14. Tara
When unpacking raw materials and materials, containers are formed, which are barrels, tin cans, boxes, garbagecro, glassware, etc.
The amount of waste generated waste is determined by the formula:
P \u003d s Q I / M I * M I * 10 -3,
where: Q i is the annual consumption of raw materials of the i-th view, kg,
M i - weight of raw materials of the i-th type in packaging, kg,
m I - the weight of empty packaging from under the raw material of the i-th view, kg.
1.15. Waste solvents
The amount of spent solvent used during washing parts is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s v * k * n * k s * r, t / year
where: V is the volume of the bath used for washing parts, m3,
k is the filling coefficient of the bath with solvent, in shares 1,
n - the number of solvent changes per year,
k C is the waste solvent collection coefficient (according to inventory), in shares 1,
r is the density of the spent solvent, t / m3.
1.16. Sludge hydrofilters painting chambers
The amount of sludge extracted from the baths of hydrophiltra painting chambers is calculated in accordance with the formula:
M \u003d M K * D A / 100 * (1 - F A / 100) * K / 100 / (1 - B / 100), T / year
where: M K is the paint consumption used for the coating, T / year,
d A - the proportion of paint lost in the form of an aerosol,% is accepted according to Table 2,
f A - the proportion of the volatile part (solvent) in the LKM,% is accepted according to Table 1,
k - air purification coefficient in hydrophilter,%, is taken by 86-97% in accordance with,
B - the humidity of the sludge extracted from the bathing of the hydrophiltra,% is accepted
1.20. Exhaust luminescent and mercury lamps
The calculation of the amount of spent lamps is carried out separately for fluorescent tubular and mercury lamps for outdoor lighting.
The number of exhaust lamps is determined by the formula:
N \u003d s n i * t i / k i, pcs / year
where: n i is the number of installed lamps i-than brand, pcs.,
t I - the actual number of hours of operation of lamps i-that brand, hour / year,
k i is the operational life of the lamps of the i-than brand, an hour.
For luminescent lamps, the operational life is determined in accordance with.
For mercury lamps, the operational service life is determined in accordance with.
1.21. Sewage waste
Sewage waste is formed when scrolling the sewer wells. The amount of sewage waste generated depends on the method of sweeping wells.
one). When cleaning the wells, manually the amount of sewage waste generated is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d n * n * m * 10 -3, t / year
m - waste of waste extracted from one well with manual stripping, kg.
one). When scrolling the wells to the assessing machine, the well is filled with water, the precipitate is climbing, then all the contents pumped out of the well into the assessing machine. The amount of sewage waste, pumped into the assessing machine, is calculated by the formula:
M \u003d n * n * v * r, t / year
where: n - the number of sewer wells to be cleaned, pcs / year,
n - the number of stripping of one well per year, once a year,
V is the volume of waste, pumped out of one well in the assessing machine, M3,
1.22. Household waste
The amount of household waste generated is determined taking into account the specifications of education in accordance with. When entering new regulatory documents, the specifications of the formation of household waste are accepted in accordance with these documents.
one). The number of household waste generated as a result of the vital activity of employees of the enterprise is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m, m3 / year
where: n is the number of employees in the enterprise, people,
m is the specific issue of the formation of household waste by 1 working per year, M3 / year.
2). The number of household waste generated by the preparation of dishes in the dining room is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m, m3 / year
m is a specific rate of formation of household waste by 1 dish, M3 / dish.
3). The number of household waste generated in warehouses is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s * m, m3 / year
where: s - storage area, m2,
m is the specific rate of the formation of household waste per 1 m2 of storage facilities, M3 / m2.
four). The number of household waste generated in the polyclinic (medical center) is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m, m3 / year
where: n - Number of visits for the year, pcs / year,
m is the specific issue of the formation of household waste by 1 visit, M3 / Visit.
five). The number of household waste generated as a result of the activities of small-country trade enterprises is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s * m * k, m3 / year
where: s is the serviced area of \u200b\u200bthe enterprise, m2;
m - specific rate of formation of household waste per 1 m2 of the serviced area
enterprises, m3 / m2 (standards are taken in accordance with Table 2 placed below);
k is a coefficient that takes into account the location of the enterprise.
table 2
accumulation of solid household waste generated as a result of activities
enterprises of small trade
The norms are based on 365 business days a year. The presented standards relate to enterprises located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Medium-Developed Development. For enterprises located, in the zone of dense residential building with adjacent transport hubs, the coefficient k \u003d 1.0-1.8 is used. For enterprises located in the zone adjacent to the metro stations, the coefficient K \u003d 1.5-1.8 is used. Standards are indicated without taking into account the implementation of the selective collection.
1.23. Food waste
The amount of food waste generated during the preparation of dishes in the dining room is determined by the formula:
M \u003d n * m * 10 -3, t / year
where: N is the number of dishes prepared in the dining room for the year, pcs / year,
m is the specific rate of formation of food waste for 1 dish, kg / dish.
1.24. Flow from the territory
The amount of estimates from the territory formed during the cleaning of solid coatings is determined by the formula:
M \u003d s * m * 10 -3, t / year
where: s is the area of \u200b\u200bsolid coatings to be cleaned, m2,
m C is the specific rate of formation of the estimation of 1 m2 of solid coatings, kg / m2,
M C \u003d 5-15 kg / m2.
LITERATURE
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2. Regulations on the maintenance and repair of the rolling stock of automobile transport. M., Transport, 1986.
3. Methods for inventory of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere for motor transport enterprises (settlement method). M., 1991.
4. Fuel consumption standards and fuel. M., Prior, 1996.
5. Secondary material resources of the forest and woodworking industry (education and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1983.
6. Standards of technological waste and loss of raw materials, materials, fuel and thermal energy in production (intersectoral destination). M., Economics, 1983.
7. Secondary material resources of the GOSNABA nomenclature (education and use). Directory. M., Economics, 1987.
8. Reference materials on specific indicators of the formation of the most important types of production and consumption waste. M., Nizpuro, 1996.
9. Low pressure discharge lamps. 09.50.01-90. M., Informelectro, 1990.
10. V.V. Fedorsov. Fluorescent lamps. M., Energoatomizdat, 1992.
11. V.F.Efimkina, N.N.Cofronov. Luminaires with high pressure gas discharge lamps. M., Energoatomizdat, 1984.
12. A.Yu.Valdberg, L.M.Iyshinov. Dust collecting technology. L., Mechanical Engineering, 1985.
13. V.N.Serdaychnaya, N.A. Bizz, A.K.heimusov. Fuel and lubricant consumption rate in the forest industry. Directory. M., Forest industry, 1990.
14. Roddatis K.F. Poltaretsky A.N. Directory for boiler installations of low performance. M., Energoatomizdat, 1989.
15. Union-union norms of technological design of automotive transport enterprises. ONTP-01-91 Mainstotrans RSFSR. M., 1991.
16. Methodical instructions on the rationing of waste oil collection in motor transport enterprises of the Ministry of Automobile Transport RSFSR.
MU-200-RSFSR-12-0207-83. M., 1984.
17. Norms of technological losses when scrolling the tanks (instead
RD 112-RSFSR-028-90). 1994
18. Yakovlev VS "Storage of petroleum products. Problems of environmental protection. M., Chemistry, 1987.
19. The method of calculating the separation (emissions) of pollutants into the atmosphere in the mechanical processing of metals (based on specific indicators), approved by order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection of April 14, 1997 No. 158.
20. GOST 12.3.028-82 "Processing processes with an abrasive and elboric tool." Safety requirements.
21. GOST 2270-78 "Abrasive tool. The main dimensions of the fastening elements. "
22. ONTP-14-93 "The norms of technological design of mechanical engineering enterprises, instrument making and metalworking. Mechanicing and assembly goals. M., hypostanok, 1993.
23. Methods for calculating the discharge (emissions) of pollutants into the atmosphere when applying paintwork materials (based on specific indicators). St. Petersburg., 1997.
24. TA Fialkovskaya, I.S.S.Sedneva. Ventilation when painting products. M., Mechanical Engineering, 1986.
25. Yu.P.Solovyev. Design of heat supply plants for industrial enterprises. M., Energy, 1978.
26. Regulatory indicators of specific emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from the main types of technological equipment of the enterprises of the industry. Kharkov, 1991.
27. Instructions for the organization and technology of mechanized housekeeping. Minzhilcomhoz RSFSR. Accents them. K.D. Panfilova. M., 1980.
29. Order No. 128 of September 27, 1994, the Committee for the Management of Urban Economy of the City Hall of St. Petersburg. Appendix 1. Norms of accumulation of solid household waste.
30. Sanitary cleaning and cleaning of populated areas. Directory. M., Aches, 1997.
31. SNiP 2.07.01-89. Urban planning. Planning and building of urban and rural settlements.
Approved in 1998:
1. The State Committee on the Okrican of the Environment of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region;
2. State Sanitary Epidemiological Supervision in St. Petersburg;
3. Committee on Improvement and Road Economy of the Administration of St. Petersburg.
Small-sized
Large-sized
