Anatoly Borisovich Chubais. Born on June 16, 1955 in Borisov, Minsk region. Soviet and Russian political and economic figure.
Since 2008, General Director of the state corporation "Russian Nanotechnology Corporation". Since 2011, Chairman of the Board of JSC Rusnano.
Since November 1991, Anatoly Chubais, with short breaks, has held various key positions in Russian state and state companies, actively participates in the socio-political life of Russia.
He was one of the ideologists and leaders of economic reforms in Russia in the 1990s and the reform of the Russian electric power system in the 2000s.
Went to high school No. 38 in Odessa in 1962. Later he lived and studied in Lviv. In 1967, the family moved to Leningrad. Anatoly is going to fifth grade at school No. 188 on Okhta.
In his own words, he studied at a school with a military-patriotic education. In a 2012 interview, he admitted that he “hated my school.” My friends and I tried to dismantle the school building into pieces and set it on fire, but managed to “tear off only one step on the porch and a seagull welded on a military-patriotic monument.”
In 1977 he graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after Palmiro Tolyatti (LIEI) with a degree in economics and organization of mechanical engineering production.
In 1983 he defended his PhD thesis in economics on the topic: “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.”
In 2002, he graduated from the Faculty of Advanced Training of Teachers and Specialists of the Moscow Energy Institute in the field of “Problems of Modern Energy”. Final work on the topic: “Prospects for the development of hydropower in Russia.”
In 1977-1982 - engineer, assistant, associate professor at the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after. Palmiro Tolyatti.
In 1980 he joined the CPSU (according to other sources - in 1977).
In 1987 he participated in the founding of the Leningrad club “Perestroika”. In the mid-1980s, he was the leader of an informal circle of democratically minded economists in Leningrad, created by a group of graduates of economic universities in the city.
In 1990, deputy, then first deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council, chief economic adviser to the mayor of Leningrad Anatoly Sobchak.
In March 1990, Chubais and a group of supporters proposed to Mikhail Gorbachev a project for market reforms, which included the option of forcibly restricting political and civil freedoms (freedom of speech, the right to strike, etc.).
According to some sources, after the events of August 19-21, 1991, Chubais left the CPSU. According to others, he was expelled from the CPSU on April 10, 1990 for participating in the activities of the Democratic Platform.
In 1994, Anatoly Chubais became the founder of the Democratic Choice of Russia (DVR) party based on the Choice of Russia (VR) bloc.
Since September 2011, he has been the head of the Department of Technological Entrepreneurship at MIPT.
Since November 10, 1991 - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management - Minister of the RSFSR.
On June 1, 1992, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for economic and financial policy.
Under the leadership of Chubais, a privatization program was developed and implemented technical training. In addition to the law “On the privatization of state and municipal enterprises in the RSFSR” of 1991 with the participation of acting. O. Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar and Chubais in 1992 issued a decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin “On accelerating the privatization of state and municipal enterprises,” which led to the creation of a state privatization program and gave rise to reform.
On July 31, 1992, Chubais, by order No. 141, created the “Department of Technical Assistance and Expertise,” which employed American economic advisers. The head of the department, Jonathan Hay, according to the former chairman of the State Property Committee Vladimir Polevanov, was a CIA employee. In 2004, a trial began against Jonathan Hay and Andrei Shleifer in the United States on charges of fraud and financial abuse of wasting American taxpayers' money. Polevanov noted regarding the activities of Chubais’s advisers: “Having picked up the documents, I was horrified to discover that a number of the largest military-industrial complex enterprises had been bought up by foreigners for next to nothing. That is, factories and design bureaus that produced top-secret products are out of our control. The same Jonathan Hay, with the help of Chubais, bought a 30% stake in the Moscow Electrode Plant and the Graphite Research Institute, which operated in cooperation with it, the country’s only developer of graphite coatings for stealth aircraft. After which Hay blocked the order of the military space forces for the production of high technologies.”
Later, in November 2004, in an interview with The Financial Times, Chubais said that privatization in Russia was carried out solely for the purpose of a struggle for power against the “communist leaders”: “We needed to get rid of them, but we didn’t have time for that.” . The count was not for months, but for days.” Chubais also believes it was correct to hold loans-for-shares auctions when, as the newspaper writes, “the most valuable and largest Russian assets were transferred to a group of tycoons in exchange for loans and support for the then seriously ill Yeltsin in the 1996 elections.” According to Chubais, the transfer of control over enterprises with hundreds of thousands of workers to the oligarchs helped them acquire administrative resources, which prevented the victory of the opposition Communist Party in the 1996 presidential elections: “If we had not carried out mortgage privatization, the Communists would have won the elections in 1996.”
Chubais’s promise in 1992 is widely known that subsequently one voucher would be equal in value to two cars. Later in society this promise began to be perceived as a deception. In his book in 1999, he wrote that propaganda support was important for the initiators of privatization at that moment: “it was necessary not only to come up with effective schemes, write good regulatory documents, but also convince the Duma of the need to adopt these documents, and most importantly, convince 150 million people to get up from their seats, leave their apartment, get a voucher, and then invest it meaningfully! Of course, the propaganda component was fantastically important.”
In Russia, about 130 thousand enterprises were privatized in 1991-1997; thanks to the voucher system and loans-for-shares auctions, a significant part of large state assets ended up in the hands of a narrow group of individuals (“oligarchs”). By purchasing vouchers for next to nothing from the impoverished population under the conditions of reforms and crisis (liberalization of prices and non-payment of wages), lost savings and ill-informed population, redistribution through financial pyramids, and the implementation of corrupt loan-for-shares auction schemes, large state property was concentrated with the “oligarchs.” Chubais was subsequently called the founder of oligarchic capitalism in Russia.
The privatization program outlined 7 main goals: the formation of a layer of private owners; increasing the efficiency of enterprises; social protection of the population and development of social infrastructure using funds from privatization; promoting stabilization financial situation countries; promoting demonopolization and creating a competitive environment; attracting foreign investment; creating conditions for expanding the scale of privatization. When he was the head of the State Property Committee, V. Polevanov, having analyzed the results of privatization in a document addressed to the Prime Minister, concluded that of the seven privatization goals, only the seventh and formally the first were fully realized, while the rest were failed. Although formally there were several tens of millions of shareholders in Russia, only a small part of them actually controlled property; the desire for demonopolization at any cost led to the destruction of many technological chains and contributed to the deepening of the economic recession; foreign investment not only did not increase, but also decreased, and those that did arrive were directed mainly to the primary industries.
On December 9, 1994, the State Duma adopted a resolution in which it described the results of privatization as unsatisfactory.
In general, the Russian population has a negative attitude towards the results of privatization. As data from several sociological surveys show, about 80% of Russians consider it illegitimate and are in favor of a complete or partial revision of its results. About 90% of Russians are of the opinion that privatization was carried out dishonestly and large fortunes were acquired through dishonest means (72% of entrepreneurs also agree with this point of view). As researchers note, Russian society has developed a stable, “almost consensus” rejection of privatization and the large private property formed on its basis.
On December 23, 1992, Chubais was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management.
In June 1993, Chubais took part in the creation of the “Choice of Russia” election bloc. In December 1993, he was elected to the State Duma from the electoral association “Choice of Russia”.
On January 20, 1994, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, retaining the post of Chairman of the State Property Committee.
From November 5, 1994 - January 16, 1996 - First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation for Economic and Financial Policy, Head of the Federal Commission for Securities and the Stock Market.
In 1995-1997 - member of the Council for foreign policy under the President of the Russian Federation. From April 1995 to February 1996 - manager from Russia in international financial organizations.
In January 1996, he resigned from the post of Deputy Prime Minister after the defeat of the pro-government party “Our Home is Russia” in the elections to the State Duma of the 2nd convocation. Yeltsin said: “That the party got 10% of the votes is Chubais! If it weren’t for Chubais, it would be 20%!” In the program “Dolls” (written by Viktor Shenderovich), these words of Yeltsin were conveyed as “Chubais is to blame for everything!”; this formulation has become a very popular expression. The Presidential Decree of January 16, 1996 noted Chubais’s low demands on subordinate federal structures, as well as the failure to fulfill a number of instructions from the President of the Russian Federation.
Soon after resigning from the post of Deputy Prime Minister, Chubais headed Yeltsin's election headquarters.
In February 1996, he created the Civil Society Foundation, on the basis of which the analytical group of B. N. Yeltsin’s election headquarters began to work. As a result of the group’s work, Yeltsin’s rating began to grow and, as a result, in the second round of the presidential elections on July 3, 1996, he received 53.82% of the votes.
In June 1996, he created the Center for the Protection of Private Property Foundation.
In the 1996 presidential campaign, he was involved in the “copier box case,” when on the night of June 19-20, 1996, members of Boris Yeltsin’s election headquarters, headed by Chubais, Arkady Evstafiev and Sergei Lisovsky were detained while trying to take them out of the White House box containing $538,000 in cash. However, after interrogation they were released, and the initiators of their detention - head of the presidential security service Alexander Korzhakov, FSB director Mikhail Barsukov and First Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets - were dismissed.
Yeltsin’s daughter Tatyana Dyachenko, who was part of the election headquarters, recalled in December 2009 that Chubais played an important role in carrying Yeltsin to a second presidential term: “When at the beginning of 1996 it became obvious to everyone that the election headquarters, which was headed by the Deputy Prime Minister government Oleg Soskovets is failing his job, Anatoly Chubais convinced the pope of the need to create a new, informal headquarters, which was called an analytical group.”
On July 15, 1996, he was appointed head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation. In 1996, he was awarded the qualification category Actual State Advisor of the Russian Federation, 1st class.
On March 7, 1997, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, and from March 17, at the same time, Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation.
On November 20, 1997, he was relieved of his post as Minister of Finance, retaining the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Government. In 1997, five leading reformers from the Government and the Presidential Administration received an advance of $90 thousand each from a publishing company for the not yet written book “The History of Russian Privatization.” The story was publicized as a “writing affair.” The authors of this book included A. Chubais, who at that time held the positions of First Deputy Chairman of the Government and Minister of Finance. In connection with the accusations, President Boris Yeltsin removed him from the post of Minister of Finance, however, the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Government was retained by him. See The Writers' Case (1997).
In 1997, based on an expert survey of the world's leading financiers, he was named the best finance minister of the year by the British magazine Euromoney (with the wording “for his contribution to the successful development of his country’s economy”).
In April 1997, he was appointed manager for the Russian Federation at the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
May 1997 - May 1998 - member of the Russian Security Council.
March 23, 1998 - together with Chernomyrdin’s entire cabinet, he was dismissed and relieved of his post as First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government.
From April 1998 to July 2008, he headed RAO UES of Russia. On April 4, 1998, at an extraordinary meeting of shareholders of RAO UES of Russia, he was elected to the company’s Board of Directors. On April 30, 1998, he was appointed Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia.
Since 2000, Chubais has been mentioned in the media as the initiator and one of the developers of the concept of restructuring RAO UES. The reform provided for the withdrawal of power plants, power lines, and electricity sales organizations from the holding structure and the subsequent sale of most of their shares to private investors. Chubais indicated that this was the only opportunity to obtain funds for the modernization of the Russian electricity sector.
After a large-scale power grid failure in Russia in 2005, he was questioned by the prosecutor's office as a witness; the Rodina and Yabloko parties demanded his resignation.
A member of the board of directors of RAO UES, Boris Fedorov, stated in 2000 that the restructuring of RAO is carried out in the interests of the company’s management, as well as affiliated oligarchic and political structures, calling Chubais “the worst manager in Russia, who is trying to become a major oligarch at the expense of the state and shareholders.”
On July 1, 2008, RAO UES was liquidated, the unified energy complex was fragmented into many companies involved in generation, maintenance of electrical networks, and energy sales.
Chubais himself assesses the results of the reform of the energy industry as follows: “The approved program provides for a volume of capacity commissioning in 2006-2010 that is unattainable in Soviet times- 41 thousand megawatts. In 2010 alone we will introduce 22 thousand. At the same time, the maximum volume of annual commissioning in the USSR was 9 thousand megawatts.”
On October 3, 2009, the Rostekhnadzor commission investigating the causes of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station named A. Chubais among six senior executives of the Russian energy industry involved “in creating conditions conducive to the occurrence of the accident.” The Act of Technical Investigation of the Causes of the Disaster states in particular that the ex-chairman of the board of RAO UES of Russia, Anatoly Chubais, “approved the act of the Central Commission for the acceptance into operation of the Sayano-Shushenskoye hydropower complex. At the same time, a proper assessment was not given of the actual safety state of the SSHPP.” The commission’s conclusion also states that “subsequently, measures for the safe operation of the SSHHPP were not developed and implemented (including the decision “to begin work on the construction of an additional spillway at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP as soon as possible”; the impellers were not replaced on hydraulic units, a program of compensating measures has not been developed for the safe operation of hydraulic units involved in power regulation and, therefore, having increased wear).” Anatoly Chubais himself did not deny his share of guilt in the accident.
June 17 - August 28, 1998 - Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for Relations with International financial institutions. The media published information that Chubais managed to obtain a loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
From May 14 to 17, 1998, he took part in a meeting of the Bilderberg Club in Turnbury (Scotland).
In February 2000, at a meeting of the government commission of the Russian Federation for cooperation with European Union appointed co-chairman of the Round Table of Industrialists of Russia and the EU from the Russian side.
In July 2000, he became president of the CIS Electric Power Council. He was re-elected to this post in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004.
In October 2000, elected to the board Russian Union industrialists and entrepreneurs (employers).
Since September 26, 2008, he has been a member of the international advisory board of J.P. Bank. Morgan & Co.
On September 22, 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree appointing Chubais as general director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation state corporation. Just two years later, on June 16, 2010, he received the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree, for “many years of conscientious work...” (see in the “Awards” section).
Since 2010 - member of the Skolkovo Foundation Board.
In July 2010, the State Duma adopted a law reorganizing the state corporation Rusnano into an open joint-stock company (OJSC), 100 percent of the shares of which were to become state property. In the same month, the law was approved by the Federation Council, after which the decree on the reorganization of the Civil Code was signed by President Medvedev.
In December 2010, by order of the Prime Minister, the state corporation Rusnano was transformed into OJSC Rusnano (registered in March 2011).
In 2011, Chubais was elected chairman of the board of Rusnano OJSC in connection with the transformation from the State Corporation to the OJSC.
On October 12, 2012, Anatoly Chubais joined the advisory board of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), one of the most authoritative US research centers engaged in analyzing and forecasting the socio-economic situation in the world.
In April 2013, the auditor of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, Sergei Agaptsov, stated that during the audit of Rusnano a large number of violations were identified. The buried program for the development of domestic tablet devices alone brought losses in the amount of 22 billion rubles. At the same time, the average salary of Rusnano managers was about 400,000 rubles. The Vedomosti newspaper writes about the deliberate fraudulent actions of the Rusnano management to siphon off money.
On January 20, 2014, the press service of Rusnano reported that the board of directors of the company plans to make a decision on January 28 on the early termination of the powers of the chairman of the board of the company A. B. Chubais and their transfer to the management company LLC Management Company RUSNANO, on the position of head of which was nominated by Anatoly Chubais.
Anatoly Chubais is one of the most unpopular statesmen in Russia. Thus, according to the results of a social poll by VTsIOM in December 2006, 77% of Russians did not trust Chubais. In a 2000 FOM poll, the overwhelming majority assessed Chubais’s actions negatively; he was characterized as “a person acting to the detriment of Russia,” “a discrediter of reforms,” a “thief,” and a “swindler.” The respondents also negatively characterized his work at the head of RAO UES: “it is very cruel to leave children without electricity: hospitals, kindergartens, schools,” “he turns off the electricity - children die in the maternity hospital.” At the same time, a small part of the respondents noted his business qualities: efficiency, good organizational skills, energy. In a Romir survey in August 1999, Chubais was named as one of those whose political and economic activity causes the greatest harm to the country. 29% of voters (44 thousand people) in the 199th electoral district of Moscow voted for the officer Vladimir Kvachkov, who was running for the State Duma, accused of organizing the assassination attempt on Chubais.
In 2008, opposition politician Garry Kasparov was very critical of Chubais. Kasparov, in particular, stated: “The “liberal reformers” did not develop the achievements of perestroika, but, on the contrary, buried them,” “Chubais is definitely not lying about one thing - he and his comrades did not lose the country. This country lost”, “the liberals of the 90s do not like their people and are afraid of them.” According to Kasparov, the “deprivations of the early 90s” were in vain.
In 2013, during the “Direct Line” of Russian President V.V. Putin, Perm journalist Sergei Malenko asked a question regarding Chubais’s responsibility for the reforms and the possibility of criminal prosecution.
On March 17, 2005, an attempt was made on Chubais. At the exit from the village of Zhavoronki, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, a bomb was detonated on the route of Chubais’s car, and in addition, the vehicles of the motorcade were fired upon. Chubais was not injured. Three people were detained in connection with the assassination attempt: retired GRU colonel Vladimir Kvachkov and paratroopers of the 45th Airborne Regiment Alexander Naydenov and Robert Yashin.
In the spring of 2006, the case of the assassination attempt on the head of RAO UES was brought to court. The defendants in the case of the attempt on Chubais demanded that it be tried by a jury. The selection of the panel was repeatedly postponed by the court due to the failure of a sufficient number of candidates to appear, as well as due to the illness of defense lawyers; representatives of the injured party filed a motion to dissolve the selected panel due to its bias (“the majority of the jurors are pensioners who will not be able to objectively consider the case”). On October 9, the lawyer of the defendant Kvachkov, Oksana Mikhalkina, reported that her client was removed from the courtroom and suspended from participating in the trial until the end of the hearing due to violations.
On June 5, 2008, the jury of the Moscow Regional Court returned a not guilty verdict. The guilt of the defendants has not been proven. All defendants - retired GRU colonel Vladimir Kvachkov and retired airborne troops Alexander Naydenov and Robert Yashin - were acquitted. On June 6, 2008, the Moscow City Court extended the arrest period of Ivan Mironov, against whom a separate criminal case was opened for this attempt, for another 3 months, and on August 27 it extended the period until November 11.
On August 26, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation overturned the acquittal in the case of the assassination attempt on the head of RAO UES of Russia A. Chubais. Thus, the court granted the request of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation and sent the case for a new trial.
On October 13, 2008, the Moscow Regional Court held regular hearings in the case of Kvachkov, Yashin, Naydenov and in the case of Ivan Mironov. During the hearings, it was decided to combine the cases into one.
On December 4, 2008, the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation satisfied the cassation appeal on the issue of illegal detention of Ivan Mironov. Ivan Mironov was released under a guarantee signed by State Duma deputies Ilyukhin, Komoedov, Starodubtsev and the leader of the People's Union party Baburin.
On August 20, 2010, the jury of the Moscow Regional Court finally acquitted the three suspects. At the same time, to the question “Has it been proven that on March 17, 2005, an explosion was carried out on the Minsk highway with the aim of ending the life of the Chairman of RAO UES of Russia A. B. Chubais?” the jury responded, “Yes. Proven” in the following proportion: seven out of twelve jurors - the crime was proven; five - there was no crime (there was an imitation of an attempt).
Family of Anatoly Chubais:
Father - Boris Matveevich Chubais (February 15, 1918 - October 9, 2000) - participant in the Great Patriotic War, retired colonel. In the late 1960s - early 1970s he taught at the Lviv Higher Military-Political School. After retirement, he taught Marxism-Leninism at the Leningrad Mining Institute.
Brother - Igor Borisovich Chubais (b. April 26, 1947) - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Social Philosophy of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the RUDN University. I have been boxing since childhood.
First wife - Lyudmila. Son Alexey and daughter Olga.
Second wife (since 1990) - Vishnevskaya, Maria Davydovna.
Third wife (since 2012) - director Avdotya Smirnova.
Chubais Anatoly Borisovich- General Director of the state corporation "Rusnano", former Chairman of the Board of OAO RAO "UES of Russia". Anatoly Chubais has remained one of the most influential people in Russian business for many years.
Anatoly Chubais has been the general director of the state corporation Rusnano since September 2008. From 1998 to 2008, he served as Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia. Acting State Councilor of the first class. Member of the Supreme Council of the Right Cause party created in November 2008, formerly a member of the federal political council and one of the founders of the Union of Right Forces party.
Biography, career
In 1977 he graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after Palmiro Tolyatti (LIEI).
In 1977 - 1982 - engineer, assistant at LIEI.
In 1982 - 1990 - Associate Professor at the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute.
In 1983 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic: “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.” Speaks English.
In 1984 - 1987 - leader of the informal circle of "young economists", which was created by a group of graduates of economic universities in the city.
1987: Co-founder of the Perestroika club
In 1987, in Leningrad, with the active participation of A. Chubais, the Perestroika club was founded, which from the very beginning set as its goal the promotion of democratic ideas among wide circles of the intelligentsia.
In 1990, Anatoly Chubais was appointed deputy, then first deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council, chief economic adviser to the mayor of Leningrad Anatoly Sobchak.
1991: Chairman of the State Committee for State Property Management
Since November 1991 - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management.
1992: First Deputy Chairman of the Government. Development of a privatization program
June 1, 1992 - appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government for economic and financial policy. In 1992, the State Property Committee, under the leadership of A. Chubais, developed a privatization program and carried out its technical preparation.
1993: Co-organizer of the election bloc "Choice of Russia", State Duma deputy
June 1993 - A. Chubais took part in the creation of the election bloc “Choice of Russia”.
In December 1993, he was elected to the State Duma from the electoral association “Choice of Russia”.
1994: First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation
November 1994 - January 1996 - First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation for economic and financial policy.
April 1995 - appointed manager from the Russian Federation in international financial organizations.
February 1996 - relieved of his post as manager of the Russian Federation in international financial organizations.
In February 1996, he created the Civil Society Foundation, on the basis of which the analytical group of B.N.’s election headquarters began work. Yeltsin.
In June 1996, he created the Center for the Protection of Private Property Foundation.
1996: Head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation
In 1996 A.B. Chubais was awarded the qualification rank of Active State Advisor, 1st class.
1997: First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and Minister of Finance
On March 7, 1997, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and at the same time Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation.
In 1997, he was recognized by Euromoney magazine, based on an expert survey of the world's leading financiers, as the best finance minister of the year.
April 1997 appointed manager from the Russian Federation at the IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and the multilateral investment guarantee agency.
November 1997: Relieved of the post of Minister of Finance, retaining the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
1998: Chairman of the board of RAO UES of Russia
On March 23, 1998, he was relieved of his post as First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
On April 4, 1998, at an extraordinary meeting of shareholders of RAO UES of Russia, he was elected to the Board of Directors of the company.
On June 17, 1998, he was appointed Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for relations with international financial organizations.
On August 28, 1998, he was relieved of his post as Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for Relations with International Financial Organizations.
December 1998 - A.B. Chubais joined the Organizing Committee of the Right Cause coalition and was elected to the Coordination Committee of the Coalition Organizing Committee. Anatoly Chubais headed the commission on organizational work of the Coordination Council.
July 28, 1999 - at a meeting of the Council of the National Association of Stock Market Participants (NAUFOR), based on a survey of more than 300 member companies of NAUFOR, A.B. Chubais was awarded the title “The person who made the greatest contribution to the development of the Russian stock market.”
In February 2000, at a meeting of the Government Commission of the Russian Federation on Cooperation with the European Union, he was appointed co-chairman of the Round Table of Industrialists of Russia and the EU on the Russian side.
In May 2000, at the founding congress of the All-Russian political organization "Union of Right Forces", he was elected co-chairman of the Coordination Council.
In July 2000, he became president of the CIS Electric Power Council. He was re-elected to this post in 2001-2007.
In October 2000, he was elected to the Board of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (Employers).
On May 26, 2001, at the founding congress of the Union of Right Forces party, he was elected Co-Chairman and Member of the Federal Political Council.
In 2002, he graduated from the faculty of advanced training of teachers and specialists of the Moscow Energy Institute in the direction of “Problems of modern energy”. Defended his final thesis on the topic “Prospects for the development of hydropower in Russia.”
On September 25, 2003 he became an honorary doctor of the St. Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics.
On January 24, 2004, he resigned from the post of Co-Chairman of the Union of Right Forces party. Elected to the Federal Political Council of the party.
2008: General director of Rusnano
On June 30, 2008, he completed his work as Chairman of the Management Board of RAO UES of Russia.
On September 22, 2008, by presidential decree, he was appointed General Director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation.
“You can say that I am a young, aspiring nanotechnologist... My predecessors have done a lot of work over the past year, and my task is not just to continue it, but to make sure that by 2015 Russia in the field of research and production of products based on nanotechnology reaches the level of 900 billion rubles It's almost a trillion. A trillion is a familiar number to me. With almost a trillion attracted private investments, I completed my work at RAO UES. Now in the country the volume of production using nanotechnology is several billion rubles. Making almost a trillion of them in 7 years is a serious task.”
In November 2008, he joined the Supreme Council of the political party "Right Cause", with a fire, tents and mandatory cooking on fire. In his youth, he was engaged in water tourism, kayaking along the rivers of the Kola Peninsula, and sailed on Ladoga. He loves harsh nature - the forests and lakes of Karelia, Kamchatka with its geysers and volcanoes.
IN last years He tries to spend his holidays where people don’t know him by sight, in particular in northern Europe, by renting a car.
Among sports he prefers those that require not so much strength as dexterity and good coordination of movements: in winter - alpine skiing and snowmobiling, in summer - water skiing and scooter. Plays table tennis.
From a young age he loves original songs: Galich, Vysotsky, Vizbor, Sukhanov, Nikitins and many others. He knows many songs by heart. In addition - the Beatles, some Russian rock groups, in particular, DDT and Mashina Vremeni, jazz.
Prefers Russian cinema.
Anatoly Chubais and Bulat Okudzhava, despite the age difference, were very close. A little-known fact: the last poem that Okudzhava wrote before his death was dedicated to Chubais.
On Anatoly Chubais’s personal website there is a section containing humorous materials (anecdotes, cartoons, ditties, poems, stories, etc.) related to himself.
Awards
He has three letters of commendation from the President of Russia (received in 1995, 1997 and 1998).
In December 2001, he was awarded an honorary diploma of “International Recognition” by the International Union of Economists for his great contribution to the development of Russia based on the use of advanced international experience on implementation modern methods organization of management, economics, finance and production processes.
Chubais Anatoly Borisovich Chubais Anatoly Borisovich
(b. 1955), statesman and politician. In 1977-82 on scientific work at the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute. In 1990-91, deputy chairman, 1st deputy chairman of the Leningrad City Executive Committee. Since June 1992, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, at the same time, in November 1991 - November 1994, Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management. 1st Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation in November 1994 - January 1996 and 1997-98. In 1996-97, head of the presidential administration of the Russian Federation. Since 1998, Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia.
CHUBAIS Anatoly BorisovichCHUBAIS Anatoly Borisovich (b. June 16, 1955, Borisov (cm. BORISOV (city)), Minsk Region (cm. MINSK REGION)) - Russian statesman and political figure, economist, one of the ideologists and leaders of liberal reforms in Russia in the early 1990s, first deputy chairman of the Russian government (1992-1996, 1997-1998), head of the Russian presidential administration (1996-1997), Deputy of the State Duma of the first convocation (1993-1995), Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia (1998-2008), General Director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation (since 2008).
Anatoly Chubais was born in a Jewish (cm. JEWS) family. His father Boris Matveyevich Chubais (1918-2000) was a military serviceman, retired with the rank of colonel, and later taught scientific communism at the Leningrad Mining Institute. Mother - Raisa Khaimovna Sagal (b. 1918). Anatoly's brother - Igor Borisovich Chubais - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Social Philosophy of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. After graduating from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute (LIEI) in 1977, Anatoly Chubais worked as an engineer and assistant at the department at the same institute; in 1980 he joined the CPSU, and from 1982 he taught at LIEI. In 1983, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic: “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.”
In 1984-1987, Anatoly Chubais was one of the leaders of the circle of young economists - LIEI graduates. Over time, the circle united graduates of many universities, including Moscow. P.O. took part in its activities at different times. Aven, S.Yu. Glazyev, A.V. Ulyukaev. In 1987 A.B. Chubais took part in the founding of the Leningrad club “Perestroika”. In 1990, he was appointed deputy and then first deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council. After the election of A.A. Sobchak (cm. SOBCHAK Anatoly Alexandrovich) mayor of Leningrad (cm. LENINGRAD) Anatoly Chubais became his economic adviser.
November 15, 1991 A.B. Chubais was appointed chairman of the State Committee for State Property Management with the rank of Minister of the RSFSR. In this position, he led the development of the privatization program (cm. PRIVATIZATION), carried out the preparation and implementation of a system of personalized privatization checks (vouchers). On June 1, 1992, he was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation for economic and financial policy. The main methods of privatization of state property were: corporatization of enterprises, auction sales of them at the first stage for vouchers, and at the next stage for money. At the voucher stage, significant benefits were provided to employees of privatized enterprises. After in December 1992 E.T. Gaidar was forced to resign as head of government, Chubais retained his post in the cabinet of V.S. Chernomyrdin.
In June 1993, A.B. Chubais took part in the creation of the “Choice of Russia” electoral bloc. On December 12, 1993, he was elected to the State Duma of the first convocation (cm. STATE DUMA of the first convocation) from the electoral association “Choice of Russia”. The State Duma of the first convocation was of a transitional nature, so Anatoly Chubais could combine deputy activity with a post in the government. On July 1, 1994, the voucher stage of privatization ended, and its next stage began - the sale of state property for money. The privatization program was criticized by the Supreme Council of Russia, and regional leaders (especially Moscow Mayor Yu.M. Luzhkov) sought to change the rules of privatization in favor of local administrations. In the summer of 1994, B.N. Yeltsin intervened in the dispute between Chubais and Luzhkov, supporting the Moscow mayor and instructing Chubais not to deal with Moscow. The principles and methods of privatization were also criticized by liberal economists (L.I. Piyasheva, A.I. Strelyany) for the fact that it did not provide conditions for the creation of small and medium-sized owners. However, the main goal of the privatization program - denationalization of property while maintaining relative social peace - was achieved.
In November 1994, after the reorganization of the government of A.B. Chubais, retaining the post of First Deputy Prime Minister for Economic and Financial Policy, left the leadership of the State Property Committee. At the same time, he headed the government's Federal Securities and Stock Market Commission. A.B. At the end of 1994, Chubais supported the Minister of Economy E.Ya. Yasina (cm. YASIN Evgeniy Grigorievich), who advocated the abolition of quotas and licenses for the export of oil and the introduction instead of a single export duty for all. In 1995, Chubais managed to defend the loans-for-shares auction scheme, which seemed to him the only possible way replenish the budget, give a real start to monetary privatization and continue the policy of financial stabilization. After the loans-for-shares auction, the bank had to provide the government with a loan secured by state shares of a particular enterprise. Later, if the government did not repay the loan, the pledged shares could be sold at a competition or become the property of creditors. As a result of the loans-for-shares auctions, the privatization task for 1995 was completed, the budget received a billion dollars, which contributed to financial stabilization. Loans-for-shares auctions became the launching pad for the formation of the Russian oligarchy. From April 1995 to February 1996, Anatoly Chubais was a manager for Russia in international financial organizations: the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
In January 1996, A.B. Chubais was relieved of government positions. By that time, he was already a rather odious figure, with whom a significant part of the population associated the deterioration of their position during economic reforms. The presidential elections were approaching, and B.N. Yeltsin (cm. YELTSIN Boris Nikolaevich) believed that Chubais’s resignation would give him more votes. The election campaign that began showed a catastrophic low level the population's trust in the president. Victory of communist leader G.A. Zyuganov's race for the presidency of Russia seemed a foregone conclusion. Head of Yeltsin's election headquarters O.N. Soskovets together with the head of the presidential security A.V. Korzhakov and FSB Director M.I. Barsukov developed a plan to introduce a state of emergency in Russia and cancel the presidential elections. However, such a development of events threatened to lead the country to a social explosion, destroying the foundations of democracy and the supremacy of the constitutional rights of citizens.
In this situation, diverse political forces, including those associated with oligarchic clans, were vitally interested in Yeltsin’s victory in the presidential elections through democratic means, winning a majority of votes. In the spring of 1996, A.B. Chubais actually headed Yeltsin's election headquarters. Relying on the financial support of the oligarchs, he managed to launch an unprecedented campaign campaign under the slogan “Vote or lose.” One of the main tasks was to attract young people, who were generally critical of the communist past, to the polls. The main means of influencing minds were television and traveling show performances with the participation of pop stars. Yeltsin himself actively participated in the election campaign; despite serious heart problems, he made several trips around the country and personally met with voters.
In the first round of elections held on June 16, 1996, the majority of votes were cast for B. Yeltsin, G. Zyuganov and A. Lebed. Despite the fact that Yeltsin collected the most votes, it is likely that the communist candidate G.A. will win in the second round. Zyuganov (cm. ZYUGANOV Gennady Andreevich) was very big. To prevent this, Chubais organized negotiations with Alexander Lebed, who did not make it to the second round of voting, in order to win him over to the side of the president. Having received the posts of Secretary of the Security Council and Assistant to the President for National Security, A.I. Lebed agreed to encourage his supporters, and he achieved the support of about 15% of voters, to vote for B.N. in the second round. Yeltsin. After this, Yeltsin's election to a second presidential term was virtually guaranteed.
The growth of Chubais's authority and political weight worried the presidential favorite A.V. Korzhakova (cm. KORZHAKOV Alexander Vasilievich). On the evening of June 19, 1996, on his initiative, members of Yeltsin’s election headquarters Arkady Evstafiev and Sergei Lisovsky were detained while trying to take a box with 500 thousand dollars in cash from the Government House. A.B. Chubais immediately met with B.N. Yeltsin and convinced him that this arrest was a Korzhakov provocation aimed at discrediting Chubais and his team and disrupting the second round of elections. As a result, the head of the Presidential Security Service A.V. Korzhakov, director Federal service security M.I. Barsukov and First Deputy Prime Minister O.N. Soskovets were dismissed. In the second round of elections held on July 3, B.N. won. Yeltsin, for whom 53.8% of voters voted, or about 37% of general list Russians eligible to vote.
After the victory of B.N. Yeltsin in the elections of July 3, 1996 A.B. Chubais took the post of head of the presidential administration (July 15); in October 1996, he was approved as first deputy chairman of the Temporary Emergency Commission under the President to strengthen tax and budget discipline. In 1996, Chubais was awarded the rank of Actual State Advisor, First Class. His appointment to the post of head of the presidential administration was due to the poor health of B.N. Yeltsin, who practically could not study state affairs. The President was preparing for a serious heart operation, the outcome of which could have been tragic. In this situation, Chubais had to ensure the transfer of presidential power to the Chairman of the Government V.S. Chernomyrdin (cm. CHERNOMYRDIN Viktor Stepanovich) and prevent the interception of power by A.I. Swan. October 15 A.I. Lebed was removed from all government posts, and on November 5 B.N. Yeltsin successfully underwent heart surgery.
At the request of V.S. Chernomyrdin in March 1997, Anatoly Chubais was returned to work in the government, where he again took up the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Government and at the same time Minister of Finance. During this period, Chubais's influence on the course of government affairs reached its apogee. However, the conflict with the oligarchic group of Berezovsky-Gusinsky led to a new round of struggle in the highest echelons of power. In the summer-autumn of 1997, a scandal erupted regarding the receipt of A.B. Chubais and his co-authors for an unreasonably high fee for the manuscript of a book devoted to privatization issues. November 20, 1997 A.B. Chubais was relieved of his post as Minister of Finance, but continued to remain First Deputy Chairman of the Government until March 1998, when he was dismissed along with the entire cabinet of V.S. Chernomyrdin.
In April 1998, A.B. Chubais was elected to the board of directors of the Russian joint-stock company "Unified Energy System" (RAO UES) and became chairman of the board of RAO UES. In June-August 1998, he served as special representative of the President of the Russian Federation (cm. President of Russian Federation) for relations with international financial organizations with the rank of Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government. He managed to obtain an urgent loan from the International Monetary Fund to maintain the exchange rate of the Russian ruble, but failed to avoid default in August 1998. Subsequently, the activities of A.B. Chubais developed in two directions: as the head of the Russian energy sector and the leader of the right-wing liberal political forces in Russia.
A.B. Chubais initiated and developed the concept of restructuring RAO UES. The reform provided for the withdrawal from the holding structure (cm. HOLDING) power plants, transmission lines, electricity sales organizations and the sale of most of their shares to private investors. These measures made it possible to obtain funds for the modernization of the Russian electricity sector. In May 2000, A.B. Chubais was elected co-chairman of the coordination council of the organizing committee of the Union of Right Forces (SPS), and in June 2001, at the founding congress of the SPS party, he was elected co-chairman of the party and a member of its federal political council.
Occupying the post of head of RAO UES, A.B. Chubais consistently acted in the interests of the company and contributed to the commissioning of new energy capacities. In 2003, he managed to defend the results of the privatization of the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric station in a dispute with the leadership of Khakassia (cm. KHAKASIA), in November of the same year the second hydraulic unit of the Bureyskaya hydroelectric station was put into operation, and in December 2004 the construction of the Sochi CHPP was completed. After the unsuccessful elections to the State Duma of the fourth convocation in December 2003 for the Union of Right Forces, A.B. Chubais resigned from his post as co-chairman of the Union of Right Forces, but joined its political council.
The assassination attempt on A.B. received great public attention. Chubais in March 2005. On the route of the motorcade of the head of RAO UES, an explosive device went off and the motorcade's vehicles were fired upon. A group of former special forces paratroopers led by Colonel Vladimir Kvachkov was accused of the attack. In 2008, the court found this charge unproven, but the case was sent for a new trial. By July 1, 2008, the reform of the Russian energy sector was completed. RAO UES ceased to exist, its subsidiaries began to function independently. Private investors began to manage generating assets. In September 2008, A.B. Chubais was appointed general director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation.
Chubais Anatoly Borisovich- Soviet and Russian political and economic figure, economist. General Director of the state corporation "Russian Nanotechnology Corporation" (since 2008). Since 2011, Chairman of the Board of JSC Rusnano. Since November 1991, with short breaks, he has held various key positions in the Russian state and state companies. One of the ideologists and leaders of economic reforms in Russia in the 1990s and the reform of the Russian electric power system in the 2000s.
Biography
Chubais Anatoly Borisovich, born June 16, 1955, native of Borisov, Minsk Region, Belarusian SSR.
Relatives. Brother: Chubais Igor Borisovich, born on April 26, 1947, sociologist, public figure. Author of a number of journalistic works. Currently he is in opposition to the current leadership of the country and its course. The brothers do not maintain relations with each other.
Wife (former): Chubais (maiden name Grigorieva) Lyudmila Ivanovna, born March 30, 1955, engaged in restaurant business in St. Petersburg. Chubais maintains friendly relations with her and continues to support her.
Wife (former): Vishnevskaya Maria Davydovna, born 09/02/1953, trained as an economist, like Chubais, graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute. IN Lately was engaged in charitable activities. Suffering from diseases nervous system, which, in many ways, was the reason for her divorce from Chubais.
Wife: Avdotya Andreevna Smirnova, born June 29, 1969, film critic, TV presenter, author of a number of art criticism essays. One of the first art managers in Russia. Known as the presenter, together with Tatyana Tolstaya, of the program “School of Scandal” on the NTV channel. She was previously known for her extremely shocking lifestyle.
Son: Alexey Anatolyevich Chubais, born April 14, 1980, economist by education. Previously, he led a very wild lifestyle. Subsequently, he began organizing test drives. He regularly participated in the Expedition Trophy auto racing.
Daughter: Olga Anatolyevna Chubais, born on August 3, 1983, an economist by education. Currently, he permanently resides in St. Petersburg and works in a representative office of one of the foreign companies.
State. Anti-corruption declaration 2013 Income RUB 207,312,094.18 Spouse: RUB 5,212,066.41 Real estate Apartment, 175.8 sq. m Other real estate, 15.3 sq. m Other real estate, 15.3 sq. m Spouse: Apartment, 85.7 sq. m, shared ownership 0.5 Spouse: Apartment, 95.3 sq. m Spouse: Apartment, 124.2 sq. m Vehicles Passenger car, BMW X5 Other, YAMAHA SXV70VT snowmobile.
Awards. Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree (June 16, 2010) - for great contribution to the implementation of state policy in the field of nanotechnology and many years of conscientious work. Certificate of Honor from the President of the Russian Federation (December 12, 2008) - for active participation in the preparation of the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation and great contribution to the development of the democratic foundations of the Russian Federation. Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (August 14, 1995) - for active participation in the preparation and holding of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (March 11, 1997) - for active participation in the preparation of the 1997 Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly. Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (June 5, 1998) - for conscientious work and consistent implementation of the course of economic reforms. Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (December 29, 2006) - for services in preparing and holding the meeting of heads of state and government of the G8 member countries in St. Petersburg. Medal "For Services to the Chechen Republic". Medal “For Special Contribution to the Development of Kuzbass”, 1st degree. Title “The person who made the greatest contribution to the development of the Russian stock market” from NAUFOR (1999). Honorary diploma of the International Union of Economists “International Recognition” “for his great contribution to the development of Russia based on the application of advanced international experience in the introduction of modern methods of organizing management, economics, finance and production processes” (2001).
Hobbies. Chubais is interested in water tourism, alpine skiing, expeditions and extreme travel. Loves the music of the Beatles, Time Machines, original songs, in particular B. Okudzhava and V. Vysotsky. He was friends with B. Okudzhava, who dedicated his last poem to him, and M. Rostropovich.
Education
- In 1977 he graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute named after Palmiro Tolyatti (LIEI) with a degree in economics and organization of mechanical engineering production.
- In 1983 he defended his PhD thesis in economics on the topic: “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.”
- In 2002, he graduated from the Faculty of Advanced Training of Teachers and Specialists of the Moscow Energy Institute in the field of “Problems of Modern Energy”. Final work on the topic: “Prospects for the development of hydropower in Russia.”
Labor activity
- After graduating from university, he studied in graduate school, then taught there. At the same time, he was one of the founders and activist of the Leningrad club “Perestroika” and the leader of an informal circle of young economists.
- In 1989 he was elected to the Leningrad City Council, and in 1990 he became deputy chairman of the Leningrad City Executive Committee and chief economic adviser to Mayor A. A. Sobchak.
- In 1991, Chubais A.B. was appointed chairman of the Russian State Committee for State Property Management with the rank of minister. He held this post until 1994. Under his leadership, a privatization program was developed and implemented. At the same time, he was repeatedly appointed Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
- In 1993 he was elected to State Duma Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on the list of the party “Choice of Russia”.
- In 1994 he became the first Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, in charge of economic and financial policy issues.
- In 1996, he was dismissed from his post by President B. N. Yeltsin after the defeat of the pro-government electoral association “Our Home is Russia” in the elections to the State Duma.
- In 1996, he headed Yeltsin’s election headquarters, then was appointed head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
- In 1997, he again became First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. For some time he also served as Minister of Finance. Ex officio, he was a member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.
- In 1998, he headed RAO UES of Russia.
- In 2008, he was appointed general director of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation state corporation.
- In 2011, after the corporatization of this structure, he became the general director of Rusnano OJSC.
Connections/Partners
Glazkov Grigory Yurievich, born October 24, 1953, independent member of the supervisory board of VTB OJSC. He lived in the West for a long time. A close friend of Chubais, with whom the latter continues to maintain close contacts.
Glazyev Sergey Yurievich, born 01/01/1961, Advisor to the President of the Russian Federation on regional economic integration. In the 1990s he was part of the so-called group. young reformers and held positions in the Government of the Russian Federation. At that time he was part of Chubais’s inner circle, but they soon disagreed on the issue of privatization in Russia. Currently they are irreconcilable opponents.
Illarionov Andrey Nikolaevich, born September 16, 1961, former adviser to the President of the Russian Federation, is now in the opposition. I have known Chubais since the mid-1980s. In the 1990s, he was considered “Chubais’ right hand.” After Illarionov refused the post of Putin’s adviser and went into opposition, their contacts with Chubais were curtailed.
Kudrin Alexey Leonidovich, born October 12, 1960, chief researcher at the Institute of Economic Policy named after. E. T. Gaidar, former Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation. We have known Chubais since the mid-1980s, when we were members of liberal economic circles together. They worked together in the Leningrad City Council under Sobchak. After Chubais moved to Moscow, they maintained contacts. It was Kudrin who recommended Vladimir Putin to Chubais to work in the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
Luzhkov Yuri Mikhailovich, born September 21, 1936, former mayor of Moscow. Chubais's hardware opponent. He opposed loans-for-shares auctions of Moscow enterprises. According to some reports, it was Luzhkov, speaking as a united front with oligarchs Vladimir Gusinsky and Boris Berezovsky, who achieved the dismissal of Chubais from the post of Deputy Prime Minister in 1995.
Yarmagaev Yuri Vladimirovich, born on August 16, 1953, mathematician, previously held various positions in the administration of St. Petersburg. A close friend of Chubais, considered one of his most trusted persons.
Yumasheva Tatyana Borisovna, born January 17, 1960, former adviser to the President of the Russian Federation, daughter of Boris Yeltsin. It was on her initiative that Chubais first became the head of Yeltsin’s election headquarters, and then the head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation. According to some reports, at one time they were in a love affair.
To information
Once, during work at a vegetable warehouse, traditional for the Soviet scientific and pseudo-scientific intelligentsia, Anatoly Borisovich met like-minded people: a mathematician Yuri Yarmagaev and economist Grigory Glazkov, with whom he created an economic circle. Soon this circle grew, graduates of leading Moscow and Leningrad universities began to join it - Yegor Gaidar, Peter Aven, Sergey Glazyev. In 1985, a seminar was held in one of the apartments on the samizdat work of the young academician Vitaly Naishul, who promoted the idea of people's voucher privatization. At the same time, Chubais and Gaidar, who participated in the discussion, sharply criticized this idea.
In August 1986, another seminar was held at the LIEI boarding house near Sestroretsk called “Snake Hill”, at which the Leningrad circle of Chubais teamed up with the Moscow group of Gaidar economists. As a result, all this resulted in a whole movement for democracy with the loud name “Perestroika” at that time.
Meanwhile, the same perestroika, in honor of which the newly-minted movement was named, coupled with acceleration and glasnost, was sweeping across the country by leaps and bounds. To implement her ideas, fresh forces were required, which were drawn from among economists from closed circles. Anatoly Borisovich also turned out to be in demand, in 1990 he first became a deputy of the Leningrad City Council, and then deputy of its “democratic” chairman Anatoly Sobchak, who soon became the mayor of the city.
Chubais was listed as an economic adviser to Sobchak and was involved in the creation of a free economic zone in Leningrad, the idea of which he then actively promoted. Anatoly Alexandrovich himself spoke of Anatoly Borisovich as young man, “who doesn’t have much knowledge, but has a great desire to change everything.”
Shortly before the collapse Soviet Union, Gaidar became Deputy Chairman of the Government of the RSFSR for economic policy. Thus, the burden of economic reforms fell on Yegor Timurovich’s shoulders, which he clearly could not bear alone. Therefore, he called his old friends from economic circles to help. He also lured Chubais to Moscow, promising him the position of responsible for privatization. So Anatoly Borisovich became the chairman of the Russian State Committee for State Property Management with the rank of minister.
Under the leadership of Chubais, the development of a privatization program began. Or rather, the program itself was developed by American advisers, and Anatoly Borisovich only submitted it to the then President of the Russian Federation for approval Boris Yeltsin. To implement the state privatization program, Chubais created the “Department of Technical Assistance and Expertise,” which consisted almost exclusively of American advisers, and was led by career CIA officer Jonathan Hay. Employees of this department completely bought up military-industrial complex enterprises, including design bureaus engaged in top secret developments. At the same time, Hay himself profited from shares of the Moscow Electrode Plant and the Graphite Research Institute, which operated in cooperation with it, which were the only developers in the country of graphite coating for stealth aircraft. By the way, Hay was subsequently convicted in the United States for using his Russian positions for personal enrichment and wasting American taxpayers' money.
This is the team that dealt with privatization in Russia. The main task of this process was to corporatize enterprises. At the same time, shares at the first stage were to be sold for vouchers. At that time, the country's entire property was valued at 1.4 trillion rubles, and vouchers were issued for this amount. Citizens had to purchase a voucher, pay 25 rubles for it and exchange it for shares of a particular enterprise, while benefits were provided to employees of privatized enterprises.
Even the Supreme Council, including the communists, voted for privatization, but with only one amendment - the vouchers had to be personal. However, Chubais, relying on the opinion of the same American experts, at the last moment decided to depersonalize the vouchers. Anatoly Borisovich saw his main goal not as a fair distribution of the people’s wealth, but as the final victory of “the new over the old.”
Due to the fact that the vouchers were not assigned to certain citizens, enterprise directors could only stop paying salaries to their employees and, putting them in a difficult situation, begin to buy vouchers for next to nothing. Thus, a new oligarchic elite was formed, loyal to the new government and ready by all means to prevent the return of the Soviet past. Chubais himself later said that without the newly minted oligarchs, victory in the 1996 elections would have been impossible.
At the same time, the young reformer promised the population that subsequently the cost of one voucher would be equal to the cost of two Volga cars. There is one high-profile story connected with this statement by Anatoly Borisovich. A resident of the village of Energetik, Vladimir Region, Vladimir Kuvshinov, sent a letter to Chubais asking where he could exchange a voucher for two Volgas. The main privatizer then advised to give the voucher to the State Property Committee in exchange for part of the shares of the Scientific Institute of Light Alloys. Kuvshinov did so, but never received any shares. Seven years later, in 2000, he sued Anatoly Borisovich and even won the case, but never received the money, since the statute of limitations for filing a lawsuit had already expired by that time. The reformer himself openly said that he made all these promises only so that privatization would not fail due to the lack of interest of citizens.
When voucher privatization was completed, a new stage began literally immediately, which consisted of selling shares for money. At this stage, Chubais had serious friction with the regional authorities, who themselves wanted to gain control over former state property in their regions. And the mayor of Moscow turned out to be the most unyielding Yuri Luzhkov, whose side Yeltsin eventually sided with, so Chubais had to back down.
By 1997, the privatization process was generally completed; 130 thousand enterprises in Russia were transferred into private hands. At the same time, all large enterprises were concentrated in the hands of a narrow group of individuals, the so-called oligarchs. At the same time, the system of production chains that had been developed in the Soviet Union for decades was disrupted. As a consequence, the country's production levels fell and foreign investment declined.
Later, Nobel laureate in economics Jeffrey Sachs called Russian privatization “a malicious, premeditated, well-thought-out action” that was carried out with the aim of “a large-scale redistribution of wealth in the interests of a narrow circle of people.” But the people already realized in the mid-1990s that they had simply been deceived. Thus, already at the end of 1994, polls showed that 90% of Russians considered the privatization process dishonest and demanded a review of its results. The reform was also criticized by liberal economists for the fact that as a result, a class of small and medium-sized businesses was not formed. And in 2004 he even managed to kick Chubais Mikhail Khodorkovsky, a clear beneficiary of his reform.
Loans-for-shares auctions played a crucial role at the stage of cash privatization. After all, the 1996 presidential elections were approaching, which meant that new injections into the dwindling treasury were necessary. In this regard, Anatoly Borisovich held loans-for-shares auctions, when the budget began to be replenished through bank loans, for which state-owned shares of various enterprises were used as collateral. As a result, when the loan was not repaid, the shares remained with the lender or were sold to them on a competitive basis. As a result, the budget was replenished by a billion dollars, with a significant part of this money going to Yeltsin’s election campaign.
And before the presidential election campaign, parliamentary elections were held, in which the pro-government party “Our Home is Russia” gained only 10%. Yeltsin blamed Anatoly Borisovich for the failure, dismissing him from the post of Deputy Prime Minister. It was then that the famous phrase uttered in the program “Dolls” appeared: “Chubais is to blame for everything.”
But, not having time to leave the cabinet of ministers, Anatoly Borisovich headed Yeltsin’s election headquarters instead Oleg Soskovets. Chubais immediately jumped into action, creating the Civil Society Foundation, on the basis of which the analytical group of the election headquarters began work. Once again, foreign PR people played a significant role. Chubais also launched an unprecedented election campaign with the money of the oligarchs with the slogan “Vote or lose.”
Thanks to the efforts of his headquarters, Yeltsin, together with Gennady Zyuganov advanced to the second round. Anatoly Borisovich managed to persuade the third-place candidate, a popular general Alexandra Lebed, call on your supporters to support the candidacy of the current President in exchange for a government post. And then, like a bolt from the blue, the news comes about the arrest of employees of Yeltsin’s election headquarters during the removal from the Government House of cash in the amount of 538 thousand dollars Sergei Lisovsky And Arkadia Evstafieva.
The initiators of the detention were Oleg Soskovets together with the head of the Federal Security Service Alexander Korzhakov and director of the FSB Mikhail Barsukov. They were unhappy that Chubais pulled the blanket over himself with the help of elections, since they themselves planned to bring Yeltsin to a third term by introducing a state of emergency in the country. As a result, the trio themselves were dismissed, Yeltsin won the elections, and Anatoly Borisovich became the head of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
In 1997, Chubais became involved in the so-called writer’s case, when five reformers, including Anatoly Borisovich himself, received $90 thousand for the not yet written book “The History of Russian Privatization.” In connection with this case, the newly-minted “writer” was removed from the post of Minister of Finance, which he held at that time, but retained the position of First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. This plot arose as a result of the confrontation between Chubais and the oligarchs Vladimir Gusinsky And Boris Berezovsky, which arose due to the latter’s dissatisfaction with the results of the privatization campaign of Svyazinvest.
Shortly before the “Black August” of 1998, Anatoly Borisovich, feeling the approach of a financial catastrophe, and, most likely, having accurate information about it, left the Government of the Russian Federation and headed the UES of Russia. What is noteworthy is that his candidacy for this post was nominated by foreign investors, and only five Western investors were shareholders of RAO UES, the remaining twelve did not have any right to make decisions.
Immediately, the new head of RAO UES began to reform the electric power industry. And naturally, the template for Chubais was the Western power industry reform program PURPA, the same one that in 2000 led to the energy collapse of the state of California.
Chubais also actively fought against defaulters, of whom there were quite a lot by that time. At the same time, he did not hesitate to give instructions about turning off electricity at military facilities, and at enterprises of the military-industrial complex, and in children's institutions. And the restructuring of RAO UES itself was carried out primarily in the interests of the company’s management and the oligarchic structures affiliated with it.
Anatoly Borisovich did not forget about politics. Back in 1998, he joined the organizing committee of the Just Cause coalition. And already in 2000, the all-Russian political organization “Union of Right Forces” was created, where he was elected co-chairman of the coordination council. Chubais zealously positioned himself as an extreme market liberal, and even allowed himself to hatefully criticize Dostoevsky for his “false choice of the exclusive path of the Russian people.” He also stated that every university should have subsidiaries, since “a teacher who has failed to create a business cannot be a professional.”
Similar statements were not added people's love to Anatoly Borisovich, which, admittedly, he could never boast of. In 2005, there was an attempt on the life of Chubais, who was driving an official car from his country house in the Odintsovo district towards Moscow. A bomb was detonated on his way. Representatives of the SPS immediately rushed to call this attempt political. Operatives detained three people - retired colonel GRU Vladimir Kvachkov and former military personnel of the 45th separate reconnaissance regiment of the Airborne Forces Alexandra Naydenova And Robert Yashin. Subsequently, the court acquitted these three twice. Kvachkov, however, ultimately sat down, but formally for a completely different reason. Evil tongues say that the vindictive Anatoly Borisovich had a hand in his imprisonment.
Also in 2005, a major power grid failure occurred in Moscow, as a result of which the power supply to a number of areas was cut off for several hours. Leaders of several political parties demanded the resignation of Chubais. In their opinion, the accident became possible due to the incompetence and unprofessionalism of the corporation’s managers, as well as due to the use of power grids for political purposes and manipulation of tariffs. Although everything worked out well for Anatoly Borisovich, for him this accident became a kind of calling card.
On July 1, 2008, RAO UES was split into several companies. Chubais was pleased with the results of the industry reform. And already in 2009, a major accident occurred at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. The Rostekhnadzor Commission named among those responsible for the accident former head RAO UES. In particular, he was accused of approving the act of the Central Commission on the acceptance into operation of the Sayano-Shushensky hydropower complex, while in reality a proper assessment of the safety status of the complex was not made.
But again, Chubais did not suffer any punishment. By that time, he had found a new feeding trough for himself, becoming the general director of the state-owned Russian Nanotechnology Corporation. His results in this field are also far from brilliant. So in 2015, the Accounts Chamber revealed a lot of shortcomings in the work of the state corporation, and its head himself said that the company had poor control over its own expenses.
In turn, a well-known political activist and blogger Alexey Navalny accuses Chubais of receiving 30-50 billion rubles annually and demanding additional injections, while the company has done nothing over the years. But what upset Anatoly Borisovich most of all was not these accusations, but the fact that the famous oppositionist allowed himself to doubt Chubais’s belonging to the liberal camp.
Biography
State
Partners
Competitors
Area of interest
Personal life
Biography
Parents: Father, Boris Matveevich Chubais (b. 1918), is a retired colonel, teacher of Marxist-Leninist philosophy at the Leningrad Mining Institute. Mother - Raisa Khaimovna Sagal (b. 1918), housewife. She is an economist by profession, but she has never worked - she traveled with her husband to garrisons.
By the way: the Chubais came from the Baltic states and were invited to Russia by Peter I.
Initially the surname sounded like Chubaites. “There are so few of us that all people with the last name Chubais are relatives” (from an interview with Igor Chubais, Anatoly Chubais’s older brother, to the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper, January 27, 1997).
In 1977 Anatoly Chubais graduated from the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute (LIEI) named after. Palmiro Tolyatti.
In 1983 defended his PhD thesis on the topic “Research and development of planning methods for improving management in industrial scientific and technical organizations.”
In 1977-1982 worked at LIEI as an engineer and assistant.
From 1982 to 1990 - Associate Professor at LIEI.
In 1984-1987 Anatoly Chubais was the informal leader of a circle of young economists created by a group of LIEI graduates. The “circle” also included: elder brother Igor Chubais, current Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Alexei Kudrin, Chubais’s employees - Pyotr Mostovoy, Alexander Kazakov, current president of the St. Petersburg Banking House Vladimir Kogan and some others. Close to this group were Kudrin’s classmates: the current Minister of Antimonopoly Policy Ilya Yuzhanov and the Chairman of the Board of OJSC MDM Bank St. Petersburg Olga Kazanskaya, as well as the murdered in 1997. Vice-Governor of St. Petersburg Mikhail Manevich.
In 1990 Anatoly Chubais became deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council in 1990-1991. - First Deputy Chairman of the Executive Committee.
Since July 1991 - Chief Economic Adviser to the Mayor of St. Petersburg Anatoly Sobchak.
Since November 1991 - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for State Property Management (GKI) - Minister of Russia.
June 2, 1992 Chubais was appointed deputy chairman of the government - Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
For 1992 The GKI, under the leadership of Anatoly Chubais, developed a privatization program and carried out its technical preparation.
In the period from 1992 to 1997. The privatization of Russian enterprises was almost completely carried out. 150 million privatization checks (vouchers) were issued.
By the beginning of 1997 127 thousand enterprises were privatized. In parallel with the privatization process, there was also an intensive formation of new private enterprises. As a result, by the beginning of 1997, according to the State Statistics Committee, state-owned enterprises accounted for 16% of the total number of registered legal entities, including about 200 thousand enterprises and organizations (8.4% of all legal entities) that were federally owned. At the end of 1997 131 thousand enterprises remained in federal ownership (5% of the total number of legal entities), including 13 thousand unitary enterprises. In addition, there were about 5 thousand blocks of shares in federal ownership, assigned to the ownership of the federal government for various periods, as well as a little more than 1 thousand “golden shares”. Critics reproach Chubais for the fact that privatization in Russia took place under the slogan “Loans for shares,” and most of the enterprises were given away for next to nothing.
As a result, in 2001, according to analysts, only 8 oligarchic clans controlled 85% of the value of the 64 richest Russian private companies. The total turnover of just the first 12 companies was equivalent to the revenue side of the government budget. Chubais speaks of privatization as follows: “Privatization has a lot of disadvantages: economic, political, and social. But it has one advantage: it succeeded. This dignity is worth a lot. At least it is better than the sound, effective in all respects and error-free model of privatization, which remains a model.”
"At the end of 1991 There was no state as a system of institutions that set norms and ensure their implementation in Russia. There was a massive theft of state property. Stopping it was unthinkable. Hence the simple dilemma: either this process will be introduced into some legal framework - say, these will be those damned three options for privatization, or in a couple of years it will turn out that there is nothing left to privatize. Probably, the chosen framework was not always the most successful; the system of penalties for violations was extremely weak. And yet, only this way was it possible to avoid gigantic theft.”
December 24, 1994 By government decree, Anatoly Chubais was appointed chairman of the Federal Energy Commission.
From 1995 to December 7, 1996 - Member of the Board of Trustees and the Board of Directors of JSC "Public Russian Television".
From February to July 1996 - President of the Foundation for the Protection of Private Property.
In April-June 1996 Chubais actively participated in Boris Yeltsin's election campaign. He was the head of the analytical group of Yeltsin's election headquarters. According to unofficial information, at the headquarters Chubais oversaw issues of financing the election campaign.
July 15, 1996 Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree appointing Anatoly Chubais as head of the Russian Presidential Administration. After his appointment, Chubais stated that he did not intend to deal with economic policy issues, but would focus his activities on state building.
March 7, 1997 By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation for operational management.
March 11, 1997 Chubais was appointed head of the Interdepartmental Commission of the Russian Federation for cooperation with international financial and economic organizations and the G7. On the same day, Chubais was appointed manager of the Russian Federation at the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
Since May 1997 - Member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.
November 12, 1997 Journalist Alexander Minkin, in an interview with the Ekho Moskvy radio station, announced Chubais’s intention with a group of co-authors to write a book about privatization in Russia. Minkin said that he has documents according to which all five authors should receive $90 thousand in royalties. According to Chubais, under an agreement with the publishers, the authors agreed to return 95% of the royalties to a certain Middle Class Support Fund, and he himself has already done this.
November 20, 1997 Anatoly Chubais was relieved of his post as Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, while retaining the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Government.
March 23, 1998 simultaneously with the decree on the resignation of the government of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin signed a separate decree on the resignation of Chubais.
From June 17 to August 28, 1998 - Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for relations with international financial organizations with the rank of Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
June 19, 1998 by the meeting of shareholders he was elected chairman of the board of RAO UES of Russia. By the way: before Chubais, the government appointed eight of its representatives to the board of directors of the company. The remaining seven directors were elected by shareholders. The chairman of the board was also appointed by the government from among state representatives. Thus, the state, which owns a controlling stake in RAO, protected its interests. When Chubais appeared in the company, this order was disrupted.
In mid-1998 (contrary to the law and presidential decrees), the list of state representatives was submitted to a general vote of shareholders along with other candidates. Largely thanks to the votes of the company's foreign shareholders, Anatoly Chubais headed RAO.
Since May 20, 2000 to May 27, 2001 - Chairman of the Union of Right Forces movement. Member of the Bureau of the Board of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. He was awarded the medal “For Outstanding New Excellence” by the private American Institute for East-West Studies (July 1994), and the honorary badge “I Paid My Taxes”, 3rd degree (established by the magazine “Faces” in January 1997). Based on the results of 1997. The English economic magazine Euromoney recognized him as the best finance minister in the world.
State
Anatoly Chubais has the right to vote on behalf of about 35% of RAO shares owned by foreign companies. These shares exist in the form of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). The nominee holder of the ADR is The Bank of New York. And according to the agreement between RAO UES of Russia and the Bank of New York, the right to vote on behalf of the owners of ADRs belongs solely to the chairman of RAO. The total volume of controlled funds is $3.25 billion (according to the Kommersant newspaper). According to Anatoly Chubais in the State Duma , its monthly wage approved by the board of RAO UES of Russia and amounts to about 120 thousand rubles, but this amount does not take into account bonuses, bonuses and dividends. According to media estimates, this amount is about $30 thousand per month.
Anatoly Chubais maintains relations with many of those in the highest echelons of Russian power who are commonly called “Moscow St. Petersburgers.” As for political sympathies, unlike most major Russian businessmen, Chubais actively demonstrates his belonging to the camp of right-wing liberals. In the early 1990s. he was part of the “Choice of Russia” bloc, then a member of the “Democratic Choice of Russia” (DVR) party from the first to last day its existence, and is currently one of the co-chairs of the Union of Right Forces. According to the media, Chubais was the main organizer of the creation of the Union of Right Forces as a coalition of all right-wing liberal political parties and movements. According to numerous evidence, it was Chubais who “built” the top three of the SPS electoral list that was optimal for a dynamic and market-oriented electorate: Kiriyenko-Nemtsov-Khakamada. And he convinced Yegor Gaidar to take a back seat in the campaign, remembering the sad experience of the 1995 elections for the Far Eastern Republic, when Gaidar headed the party list. According to analysts, RAO UES of Russia has a powerful lobby, both in the State Duma and in the Council Federation of the Russian Federation.
Partners
Dmitry Vasiliev in 1991 became Chubais's deputy at the State Property Committee in 1994-2000. headed the Federal Commission for the Securities Market (FCSM), now first deputy general director Mosenergo OJSC for corporate governance and property management. Alfred Koch, formerly deputy chairman of the State Property Management Committee (Kugi) of St. Petersburg, then succeeded Chubais as head of the State Property Committee, is still one of the personal friends of the head of RAO UES "Peter Mostovoy for a long time worked as first deputy chairman of the State Property Committee, and then headed the Federal Department of Insolvency (Bankruptcy), currently Mostovoy is chairman of the Russian Business Round Table. In 2001 he became a member of the political council of the Union of Right Forces. Alexander Kazakov was deputy head of the department at the State Committee for Science and Technology. Under the leadership of Chubais, he made a brilliant career, going from the head of the main department at the State Property Committee to the deputy prime minister and head of this department, and then the first deputy head of the Presidential Administration (when Anatoly Chubais headed the presidential administration).
Maxim Boyko - in 1992 As a scientific expert, he is part of the working group of consultants of the State Property Committee, where he becomes close to Anatoly Chubais. After Chubais was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister, Boyko became his deputy in the commission on economic reform and its executive secretary. In 1994 - Head of the Russian Privatization Center (RCP), then - Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation. Boris Mints headed the Department for the Development of Local Self-Government of the Presidential Administration, in 2001. On the initiative of Chubais, he headed the executive committee of the SPS party. Having left this post due to disagreements with Boris Nemtsov, Mints currently runs the Ren-TV television company, controlled by Chubais.
Leonid Gozman began working with Chubais as his adviser in the government, is currently on the board of RAO UES of Russia and at the same time is a member of the political council of the Union of Right Forces. Andrey Rappoport during the first half of the 1990s. was the chairman of the board of Alfa Bank, then worked for about a year and a half in the YUKOS system as the first vice president of the company. At RAO UES, Rappoport took the post of deputy chairman of the board responsible for investments in 2002. Rappoport headed the board of the newly created Federal Grid Company. Valentin Zavadnikov began his business career in the Nakhodka free economic zone, then was engaged in managerial activities in Moscow, and for some time headed the apparatus of the “Forward, Russia!” movement. Boris Fedorov, but had not previously worked with Chubais himself. At RAO Zavadnikov headed the property department, and soon became deputy chairman of the board. Zavadnikov is considered the main developer of the energy holding reform project, but his ideas were not fully implemented. In 2001 he was elected a member of the Federation Council, where he heads the industrial policy committee and actively acts as a lobbyist for energy reform.
Sergei Dubinin (formerly Acting Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation) is currently Deputy Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia. Yakov Urinson (former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy) currently holds the position of Deputy Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia .
Competitors
Chubais' strong opponents are the heads of metropolitan cities - Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov and St. Petersburg Governor Vladimir Yakovlev, who created municipal electric grid companies and want to control the transit and sales of electricity themselves.
Chubais also has tense relations with the presidents of Tatarstan and Bashkiria, Mintimer Shaimiev and Murtaza Rakhimov, who also control their own energy sector.
Chubais has a difficult relationship with the president of the Rosenergoatom concern Oleg Saraev, as well as with belonging to the group MDM by SUEK (supplier of fuel for power plants).
From Chubais’ interview with the weekly Kommersant. Money”: “For example, it is known that I do not have a very simple relationship with the current owners - the team of Abramovich and Deripaska, but compared to the previous owners - this is simply a qualitatively different level in terms of basic ethical values, and in terms of methods doing business, and, just in case, from the point of view general level culture. And the reason for these qualitative changes, in my opinion, is simple: the style that the Chernys had no longer fits into Russian realities.”
Both Roman Abramovich and Oleg Deripaska pose a truly tangible threat, since they actively oppose the restructuring of RAO UES of Russia and are buying up its shares. They would like to control a significant share in Russia's energy sector.
In 1999-2000 Deripaska was a partner of Chubais, together with him they were going to create the Sayany Energy and Metallurgical Company OJSC on the basis of the Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station and Siberian Aluminum. However, Deripaska merged aluminum assets with Abramovich, which put him at odds with Chubais - he did not want to deal with the then abstract entity called Rusal. After this, Deripaska and Chubais have been in almost constant conflict. All of Chubais’s former rivals in the government have been removed from power: the head of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy Viktor Kalyuzhny, the head of the Ministry of Atomic Energy Evgeny Adamov, the Deputy Minister of Energy Viktor Kudryavy was dismissed, the governor of Primorye Evgeny Nazdratenko was defeated. 80% of the heads of regional energy systems have been replaced, and personnel loyal to Chubais have been placed everywhere.
Regional governors are afraid of the dependence of the regional economies on RAO - all territories are in debt to power engineers, and a crisis may occur at any moment.
Area of interest
The greatest interest for Anatoly Chubais now is: - restructuring of RAO UES of Russia; - attracting strategic investors in the energy sector; - exporting electricity. Chubais himself made it clear to the media that after the completion of the restructuring he would leave the energy sector and engage in large financial business.
Personal life
According to his colleagues, “Chubais, on the one hand, is pragmatic, and on the other, a very principled person. He never gave up his own under any circumstances. This is his absolutely rigid principle - not a single person can say that he worked with Chubais, and he set him up.” He is in his second marriage. Wife: Maria Davydovna Vishnevskaya. There is a son and daughter from his first marriage: Alexey (born in 1980) and Olga (born in 1983). He is interested in water tourism and loves the nature of Karelia and Kamchatka with its geysers and volcanoes. Chubais does not like to talk about his personal life. He has few close friends. The closest one is Yegor Gaidar, whom Chubais greatly respects and whose friendship he especially values. He is friends with Mstislav Rostropovich, although due to Chubais’s busy schedule and Rostropovich’s constant travels, they do not meet often. It is worth mentioning separately about Bulat Okudzhava - despite the age difference, Chubais and Okudzhava were very close. By the way, there is an opinion that the last poem that Okudzhava wrote before his death was dedicated to Chubais.
