For 20 years the library has been working in the direction of "Revival and preservation of national and spiritual traditions of the Russian people." about the history of our Motherland, the history of the church, Orthodox holidays
Goal and tasks
Orthodox education of children, adolescents, youth of the village; Preserving the memory of the great Orthodox saints; Teach readers - children, adolescents, young people to read Orthodox literature correctly, understand it and think correctly; Show readers Orthodox customs, traditions, life. Attracting readers-children, adolescents, youth and their parents, institutions and organizations existing in the village to participate in the events held by the library for the Orthodox education of the younger generation;
about the project
"Peter and Fevronia. Day of Family, Love and Fidelity" - we were filmed by Orenburg television
Dear Supporters! In our difficult times, the spiritual education of the younger generation acquires extraordinary importance. And this is not accidental, because moral development in a person is associated with his spiritual development. A well-mannered person and a person who reads books will never go astray, will not become a drug addict, alcoholic, etc.
The holiday "Day of Family, Love and Fidelity" was held again in the registry office of the village of P-Pokrovka. They honored the heroes of the day - those who lived in love and harmony for 35, 40 years.
And that is why the library is often called the temple of the book, and the word temple itself is associated in the mind of a person with a spiritual temple, therefore, spiritual enlightenment is the leading place in the library. Our library has extensive experience in this noble cause. Spiritual and moral education consists of many moments, this is the education of patriotism "Forever in the memory of the people!"
And citizenship, instilling family values, fostering love for your small homeland, your land, preventing bad habits, nurturing the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle. my motherland Working on the project "My Russia, Orthodox" we have achieved considerable results.
"The light of the understanding of the book. Day of Slavic culture and writing. Cyril and Methodius".
Fragments of the holiday "Easter! Great Resurrection!"
The lighting of the library by Father Daniel
From our events, readersacquire knowledge about the Orthodox past of our Fatherland, about Orthodox saints and their exploits in the name of the Faith. We also interact with the Orthodox Church. We show all the hardships of the trials that our country has inherited.
"Nativity!"
The Orthodoxy hours that we spend in the library and outside on the foundations of Orthodox culture not only contribute to the dissemination of information about the role of Christianity and national culture, but also draw attention to the moral foundations Orthodoxy, introduce the younger generation to national shrines ... The work on the project will continue in the next 2015.
On International Childhood Day, librarians held loud readings about the Life of the Saints at the Pravoslavnaya station. Children took part in quizzes and received prizes, purchased with funds from library readers.
Fragments of holidays
Studying the history and cultural heritage of our region, we introduce our readers to famous poets and writers. Live communication gives a good result. After all, the formation of a civic sense of personality begins with small things: respect for the village, city, village where you live; respect for the family; involvement in what is happening around ... So that our children do not grow up "Ivans who do not remember kinship ...".
Meeting with the famous Orenburg poetess N.Yu. Kozhevnikova
Meeting with the famous Orenburg poet, prose writer P.G. Rykov
Meeting with S. I. Zhdanov. a famous photo artist, author of the book "Notes of a Photo Hunter", Thanks to Sergei Ivanovich, we know what wonderful birds and animals inhabit our steppe region, how to protect our native nature ...
Meeting with the Orenburg writer, poet S.I.Burdygin.
We do not have enough chairs to place in the library of our readers at the holidays that we hold, there are no books to encourage children to participate in contests, quizzes, etc., we need stationery, we need money for gifts for children on the most beloved Orthodox holidays "Christmas", "Easter", "Trinity", which are traditionally held in the library. Thanks in advance if you find it necessary to help us! To instill in readers spiritual and moral values, to pour goodness into their souls is the goal of all our work.
One of the main instruments of dialogue among youth, intelligentsia, and clergy in the context of Orthodox culture is literature, the word. It is worth paying attention to periodicals with a bias towards Orthodox ethics, aimed at young people. Today there are a sufficient number of publications of this kind. This article contains brief essays on several periodicals, which can be united under the title "Orthodox journals". Information from this kind of publications can be recommended for familiarization in educational institutions as an elective or used, synthesizing with the material of a number of humanitarian disciplines.
Several Orthodox magazines were selected for this review: Grapes, Hereditary, Neskuchny Sad, Thomas, Russkiy Dom, Tatianin Den, Slavyanka, Orthodox Book Review. Copies of these publications are available in many parish libraries for easy access. The publications have their own Internet portals, so you can get acquainted with their materials online.
It is worth starting the review with the magazines "Grapes" and "Naslednik", since from the list of the above-mentioned publications, these two have the main topic of the problem of children, youth, family and upbringing. And, as you know, the family is the first step in the formation of the young generation.
"Grape" It is noteworthy that on the pages of this magazine considerable attention is paid to the problems of adolescent upbringing and the solution of these problems in an Orthodox way with an appeal to traditional spirituality and the cultural experience of previous eras. Thus, a dialogue between modernity and tradition is carried out on the pages of the publication. The magazine places great emphasis on the problem of motherhood and male upbringing.
Orthodox youth magazine "Heir" addressed to a young audience. On the pages of this publication you can find many interesting articles, reports, essays, interviews, in their content, interesting primarily to young people.
It is also worth mentioning separately about the version of the magazine on the Internet. The rich content and user-friendly interface are very attractive from the point of view of the average Internet user.
"Grapes" and "Heir" are great both for individual acquaintance and as additional literature to help school teachers and teachers of secondary vocational educational institutions, i.e. people directly dealing with the problems of children and adolescents.
"Boring Garden" positioned as a magazine about Orthodox life; very informative and voluminous. On the pages of the magazine one can get acquainted with the traditions of Orthodoxy, with Orthodoxy in the context of history and modernity, great attention is paid to the issues of correlating science and faith, faith and modern culture, religion and politics, dialogue between Church and society, dialogue of Orthodoxy with other world cultural traditions.
Magazine "Thomas" can be characterized as a cultural, educational, analytical, religious publication. Positions itself as an "Orthodox magazine for the doubters", which initially speaks of the democratic nature of the publication. The journal actively analyzes contemporary social and cultural processes.
"Russian house" - a magazine, from the name of which the patriotic orientation of this publication is immediately clear. A lot of interesting material is presented on the pages of the Russia House: problems are discussed, answers are sought to many questions related to the position of Russia in the world, the problems of Russian culture, the current state of the Orthodox faith, many interesting facts from the history of our country are presented, the diversity of Orthodox traditions is revealed and canons.
The three above-mentioned publications are designed for a heterogeneous, but, above all, thinking audience. These journals can be recommended as additional literature or as material for optional classes for high school students, as well as students of humanitarian colleges and universities.
Internet edition "Tatyana's Day" very informative and remarkably interesting news portal, has a characteristic bias in the history of Orthodox culture. Here you can get acquainted with a very diverse material, elements of Orthodox ethics in the context of the historical, cultural and social process.
This Orthodox Internet portal can be very useful from a religious point of view. The information in this online edition can be used as additional material when working with disciplines such as philosophy, theology, religious studies, social studies, history and a number of other humanitarian academic disciplines of universities.
Orthodox women's magazine "Slav" differs from all of the above publications in that it is addressed directly to the beautiful half of humanity. As in all similar publications, "Slavyanka" touches upon the issues of women's beauty and health, family hearth, raising children. The pages are full of reviews, interesting articles, interviews, the photographic material is very well chosen. What distinguishes this publication from other women's magazines is that Slavyanka addresses its readers through the prism of Orthodox traditions, the primordially Russian vision of the image of a woman.
The Publishing Council of the Russian Orthodox Church publishes a magazine "Orthodox Book Review". The magazine tells about all the most important events in church publishing and book distribution: official events, exhibitions, meetings, presentations, new book releases. The Orthodox Book Review publishes reviews, annotations, reviews, interviews, articles about book culture of different times, and many others.
In conclusion of the review, it is worth recalling that Orthodoxy is not just a form of religion, Orthodoxy is a whole cultural and ethical position, the soil of the Russian attitude, the foundation of the people and the country; The Russian language has the character of a unifying language that binds together a great colorful nation, it is a language with the help of which the continuity of cultural values and traditions is carried out by generations.
It is important to increase interest in Russian culture and Orthodox traditions. The future moral image of our people and country depends on the information field in which the worldview of the younger generation is formed.
1. Introduction
With the blessing of His Holiness, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia, for the first time in the history of our Church, in this anniversary year, we are holding a Congress of the Orthodox Press.
The founders of the Congress are the Publishing Council of the Moscow Patriarchate, other Synodal Departments, the Ministry of Press Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Union of Journalists of the Russian Federation, the Moscow State University, Orthodox Society "Radonezh" and a number of other organizations. According to the data to date, about 450 people from ten countries and 71 dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church have arrived at the congress, most of all from Russia (about 380 people from 52 dioceses), then from Ukraine (from 12 different dioceses), Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Latvia, Estonia and from the Berlin Diocese. Among the participants were representatives of diocesan media, secular media writing on church topics, Orthodox journalists from Local Orthodox Churches.
The goals and objectives of the Congress are:
- Consolidation of efforts of Orthodox journalists in the matter of Orthodox education and familiarization of the general public with the position of the Church on the main issues of social and political life;
- work to improve the qualifications of Orthodox journalists;
- strengthening the cooperation of the Church with secular journalists writing on church topics;
- the creation of the "Union of Orthodox Journalists of Russia" and the formation of its regional branches.
We intend to consider at the Congress such aspects of journalism as freedom of speech and information in the modern world, the independence and responsibility of the press, issues of journalistic ethics from an Orthodox point of view.
Our congress is being held in the jubilee year, on the threshold of the third millennium from the birth of Christ, so one has to reluctantly not only talk about current problems, but at the same time keep in mind a broader perspective, sum up the results of a wider period of time. The last 10 years in the life of the Church have proved to be very important for the revival of all aspects of church life, including Orthodox journalism.
A few words should be said in explanation main theme Congress. Two thousand years ago, the greatest event in the history of mankind took place: the appearance in the flesh of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. This event radically changed the world: as it became Christianized, people more and more clearly realized that a person, being the image and likeness of God, is free: he inherently has the right to life, the right to freedom of belief, and finally, freedom of speech in defending his beliefs.
No matter what they say about the reforms of the last decade in our country, no one denies one thing: our society has gained freedom of speech. The whole question is just how we use this freedom.
The passing century was tragic for our long-suffering Fatherland. The world has witnessed confrontation, intolerance, anger in society, which led to civil war, bloodshed, death of millions of people.
But even today, do we not feel that the spirit of separation is beginning to take over our souls? After gaining the freedom to profess and preach any beliefs, a period of violent clashes immediately began. And again people oppose "their own" to "someone else's", again "their" power, "their" ideas - consider them more valuable than "others", and not only ideas, but also life! This means that 1917 is not an accidental page in the history of Russia!
The power of the influence of the media is enormous, but, like any government, it can be either harmful to the people or beneficial.
Recently, many archpastors, clergy and believers of the Russian Orthodox Church are increasingly expressing concern that the state remains indifferent to the propaganda of violence, interethnic, interfaith, social and other hostility, moral licentiousness, debauchery, as well as other phenomena that contradict both Christianity and and natural, universal human morality, through printed and audiovisual products, radio and television. Typically, the press perceives such judgments as an encroachment on freedom of the press. But the activities of modern media can be viewed as an encroachment on the freedom of a person to live morally, since the imposition of the cult of immorality just as restricts the freedom of human choice as cruel censorship.
Therefore, recognizing ourselves as citizens of a great country, heirs of a great Orthodox culture, we can and must resist the vulgarity, cynicism, lack of spirituality of modern life, whoever we are, whatever we do, wherever we work: in a newspaper, in a magazine, on the radio. , on TV. Not letting the human soul get bogged down in everyday worries, reminding it of its primordial vocation to reach divine heights is an important part of journalistic service to society.
And first of all, it is the Orthodox press that must be moral and responsible, free and independent.
2. The state of Orthodox periodicals before the revolution
The question arises: is this not a bare declaration, are free and independent Orthodox media possible in reality? I must say that on the eve of this congress, a series of publications have been published in the secular media aimed at questioning this possibility. The newspaper "NG-religions" did its best here, devoting a whole selection of materials to the upcoming Congress; except for an interview with a member of the Organizing Committee of the Congress, priest Vladimir Vigilyansky, placed, apparently, "for objectivity", everything else is kept in a sharply critical tone, as evidenced by the titles of the articles themselves: "Strangled Word", "Closed Nature of Activity", "Deal with Everyone" "Is Church Journalism Possible?" Of course, it is impossible if one understands freedom of journalism in the way that is convenient for most secular journalists today. But today we have already heard the answer to such questions in the Word of His Holiness the Patriarch, who reminded us of the Orthodox understanding of freedom. Another answer to the same question is given by church life itself - both present (the existence of many Orthodox periodicals) and the past, our church history, to which we must constantly refer to, checking our actions against church tradition. Therefore, I think it appropriate to give a short historical background on the state of Orthodox periodicals before the revolution.
Its beginning dates back to the first quarter of the 19th century, when the reforms of the Spiritual educational institutions gave a new impetus to the development of our Theological Academies. In 1821, the St. Petersburg Theological Academy was the first to start publishing the journal "Christian reading". But it was a scientific, theological journal, and the first popular, publicly available publication was the weekly Voskresnoe Chtenie, which began to appear in 1837. It contained edifying articles, it was published by the Kiev Theological Academy. The first seminary periodical was the Riga magazine "School of Piety" (1857). Thus, we see that the beginning of the Orthodox periodicals is closely connected with our Spiritual School. It should be noted that before the revolution, our four academies published 19 periodicals. The Theological Seminaries also published about a dozen journals, of which the most famous is the Kharkov theological and philosophical journal "Faith and Reason", founded in 1884 by Archbishop Ambrose (Klyucharyov).
In the second half of the 19th century, in addition to academic, many other spiritual journals appeared, which can be called theological and journalistic. Along with theological articles, they published sermons, reviews of current events in the Orthodox Churches and the heterodox world, criticism and bibliography of current book and magazine publications, essays on remarkable church figures, biographies of devotees of piety, stories from church life and verses of spiritual content. Among the most famous magazines of this kind, we note the St. Petersburg "Wanderer" by Archpriest Vasily Grechulevich (the "Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia" was published in the appendix to it in 1900-1911), the Kiev acutely polemic "Home Conversation for People's Reading" by Askochensky, the Moscow "Mental Reading" and a lot others. All these theological and publicistic publications of the 1860-1870s were characterized by a bold discussion of church and church-social issues.
Speaking about official publications, it should be noted that before the revolution, each diocese had its own organ - the Diocesan Gazette. The initiative for their founding belongs to the famous hierarch of the 19th century, the outstanding preacher, Archbishop Innokenty (Borisov) of Kherson, who developed their concept in 1853. Its main element was the division of the magazine into two parts: official and unofficial. The official part was intended for decrees and orders of the Holy Synod, news of the highest state power, especially for a given diocese, for orders of the diocesan authorities, for reports on transfers and vacancies, for extracts from the annual reports of various diocesan institutions. The unofficial part contained excerpts from the works of the holy fathers, sermons, edifying articles, local historical, biographical, local history and bibliographic materials.
However, only six years later, this concept was presented for approval to the Holy Synod by the successor of Vladyka Innokenty in the cathedra, Archbishop Dimitri (Muretov). The Synod not only approved it in 1859, but also sent out the proposed publication program to all diocesan bishops. The following year, according to this program, diocesan bulletins began to be published in Yaroslavl and Kherson, and after another 10 years they were already published in most dioceses. It is interesting to note that the distant dioceses acquired their own journals before those in the capital.
Even later, the central organs of the Russian Orthodox Church appeared, that is, those published by the Synod or some Synodal department of the Russian Orthodox Church - in 1875 the "Church Bulletin" began to appear, and in 1888 - "Church Bulletin".
Toward the beginning of the 20th century, the number of publications increased, in which the main place was occupied by publicly available religious and moral articles for edifying reading, such as "Russian Pilgrim", "Sunday Day", "Helmsman", "Rest of a Christian". Of the popular edifying pre-revolutionary magazines, 30 were published by Orthodox monasteries. In particular, the "Trinity Leaves" published by the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra were very popular. There were also special church magazines devoted to apologetics, public education, the fight against schisms and sects, naval clergy, bibliography of theological and church history literature. As for the parish periodicals, before the revolution there were few of them, only about a dozen.
3. Church journalism during the Soviet era
However, all these Orthodox periodicals (about four hundred titles) ceased to exist already during the first five years of Soviet power - just like publications, mainly renovationist, that arose after 1917. True, there were still Orthodox emigre publications, for example, Vestnik RSKhD, Pravoslavnaya Mysl, and others, but in the former USSR they were practically inaccessible to the average reader, being the property of special depositories.
For many decades, the only periodical of the Russian Orthodox Church was the Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. We also had some periodicals that were published abroad and were intended for a Western audience, for example, the "Bulletin of the Western European Exarchate" in France (in Russian and French), "Voice of Orthodoxy" in German.
As for our oldest magazine, ZhMP, from the moment of its foundation next year it will be 70 years old (it began to appear in 1931, was closed in 1935 and resumed again during the Great Patriotic War, in September 1943), then Despite the well-known limitations of the era of totalitarianism, the magazine nevertheless played a very important role in the life of the Church. Of course, in terms of its level, it was incomparable with pre-revolutionary publications - not in terms of volume (it is enough to recall that in the 30s it had 8-10 pages, in the 40s - 40-60 and only since 1954 - the current 80 ), neither in terms of circulation (it was almost impossible for an ordinary believer to get it), nor in terms of content. And yet it was that small flame that the hostile winds of the era could not extinguish. They were drawn to him, all the few theological, literary church forces at that time gathered around him. At different times they worked in the Journal; prominent Russian theologians, liturgists, church historians, and Slavic scholars collaborated with it. This tradition continues today. Its editorial staff carefully preserves and promotes church traditions, supporting the high culture of Orthodox journalism.
During all these years, the "Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate" has been the voice of the Russian Orthodox Church, carrying the word of the gospel evangelism to the believers of Russia, an invaluable source of information about the events of church life. He made a significant contribution to the training of future Orthodox pastors, to the Christian education and enlightenment of church people, to the preservation of the purity of our faith.
Throughout its entire existence, the "Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate", in fact, was a chronicle of the works and days of the Russian Orthodox Church. On its pages were regularly published Patriarchal messages, greetings, statements and decrees, Determinations of the Holy Synod, Acts of Councils and Bishops' meetings, official reports on important events in church life. There were also published materials on the names and ordinations of the newly appointed bishops - these publications can be used to trace the path of service to the Holy Church of each hierarch. Since the basis of the spiritual life of the Church is worship, the Journal has always contained messages about the ministries of the Primate of our Church. The Journal of Parish Life paid much attention to monasteries and theological schools, constantly told its readers about the life of other Local Orthodox Churches, and paid great attention to the development of fraternal inter-Orthodox relations.
Over the past decades, the Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate has published many hundreds of sermons dedicated to Orthodox holidays, doctrinal and moral themes; hundreds of articles dedicated to explaining Holy Scripture, Orthodox dogma, moral and pastoral theology, liturgy, canon, church history, patristics, hagiology, church art. Services, akathists, prayers to the saints were published; some liturgical texts were printed for the first time from handwritten monuments.
Recently, the volume and proportion of articles devoted to the understanding of the historical past of our Church, the ways of reviving the Orthodox Fatherland, and other church-social problems from Orthodox positions have begun to increase. The magazine began to regularly publish materials about the martyrs, confessors and devotees of piety of the 20th century, to acquaint readers with the religious views of figures of Russian culture, with the theological heritage of the Russian emigration. The Journal reflects all spheres of contemporary church life, including the problems of spiritual education, pastoral care, social service of the Church, its interaction with the Armed Forces, and missionary work. On the pages of the Journal one can read both about the trips of the Most Holy Patriarch and about the labors and concerns of a small church community. It publishes articles on all sections of theology, sermons, church history works, bibliographic reviews. The section of the Journal "Our publications" is devoted to materials from the richest heritage of representatives of Russian theological and religious-philosophical thought of the 20th century.
In the new conditions, when reviving Russia not only with ever-increasing interest, but also with hope turns its gaze towards the Church, when church life arouses more and more interest in society, there is a growing desire to understand it, to understand its features, in order to join it later. , especially a periodic body is needed, promptly and in full informing about everything that happens in the vast church body. This body is the "Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate".
It should be noted that in the current conditions of the still unusual absence of censorship and, as a consequence, the excessive "emancipation" of other authors, when a mass of various religious publications appeared, the role of a periodical publication that publishes official documents of the Church, covering the activities of its Primate - His Holiness Patriarch Alexy, acquainting the reader with the official point of view of the Russian Orthodox Church, as never before, is great.
With the beginning of perestroika in 1989, one of the first church newspapers, the Moscow Church Bulletin, appeared in the Publishing Department of the Moscow Patriarchate. The history of its formation abounds in many twists and turns: it was also published on coated paper in a very small circulation, received in the amount of 2-3 copies for the diocese, so that some bishops hung it in the church as a wall newspaper. It came out for some time and as an appendix to "Evening Moscow" with a circulation of over 300 thousand copies. At the present time it is published twice a month, the newspaper publishes a quarterly supplement "Review of Orthodox publications", which contains reviews and annotations on the published church literature.
4. The current state of Orthodox periodicals
Characterizing the situation as a whole, it can be noted that over the past decade the Church has not only restored its periodicals in its traditional forms (magazine and newspaper), but is also actively assimilating new forms of such activity. Their appearance is due to modern technical progress, the achievements of which are by no means always bad in themselves - it is only important to use them for good purposes. Thus, the Publishing Department of the Moscow Diocese has not only revived the Moscow Diocesan Gazette, but is also releasing a video supplement to them (so far two issues have been released).
Nowadays, almost all dioceses have their own church media. Of course, they differ greatly in volume, frequency and, of course, quality, which, unfortunately, often remains low. There are many reasons for this, including economic ones: the lack of funds to attract bright and highly qualified journalists.
About 30 different Orthodox periodicals are published in Moscow alone. Some newspapers, for example, "Radonezh", are well known not only in Moscow, but also far beyond its borders. This newspaper is characterized by high professionalism, competent construction of materials, the level of many articles in it is high, and the newspaper is easy to read. Among the Moscow newspapers, one should also note the well-known parish newspaper "Pravoslavnaya Moskva", whose publishing team is successfully working in the field of Orthodox journalism, sowing what is reasonable, kind and eternal. We can say that such newspapers as Moskovsky Tserkovny Vestnik, Pravoslavnaya Moskva or Radonezh have their own face, in some ways they were able to advance further than others, some are more professional, some are more churchly.
The activity of Orthodox youth brings to life Orthodox youth publications - first of all, here should be mentioned the student newspaper of Moscow University "Tatiana's Day", the journal of students of the Moscow Theological Academy "Vstrecha", the magazine for doubters "Foma". Unfortunately, there is still a small number of Orthodox children's magazines for which there is a very great need; first of all it should be noted the magazines "Pchelka", "Kupel", "Bozhiy Mir", "Voskresnaya shkola".
A special kind of periodicals is the Orthodox church calendar published once a year. As you know, now many organizations, both church and private, strive to publish calendars, since they are invariably in demand among the population. And this cannot but be welcomed. But it is one thing when it comes to popular publications that contribute, so to speak, to the gradual "churching" of the ordinary secular calendar, and quite another thing is the publication of the Patriarchal Church Calendar. The latter has its own special tasks: intended mainly for the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church, it serves to streamline divine services, to achieve the liturgical unity of the Church. A secular calendar is one thing (the indication of holidays in it does not yet make it church), and quite another is a calendar with liturgical instructions and readings: the problems that arise when compiling the latter are such that in some cases even experienced employees of the Moscow Patriarchate Publishing House have to contact for clarifications to the Liturgical Commission at the Holy Synod, and sometimes personally to His Holiness the Patriarch. It is unacceptable that in the calendars of different dioceses these problems were solved in different ways (as sometimes happened in pre-revolutionary Russia). Moreover, it is unacceptable to interfere in solving the calendar problems of individuals.
The most widespread type of publishing activity in dioceses is the publication of a diocesan newspaper. It can be multi-lane or just a piece of paper, but one way or another, it carries information about the life of the diocese. Moreover, in a number of cases in the diocese not one, but several newspapers are published simultaneously (and I do not mean the Moscow and St. Petersburg dioceses, where the situation with publishing and journalistic activities is special).
The number of dioceses in which Orthodox journals are published is considerably smaller. This is understandable: publishing, say, a monthly magazine is much more labor-intensive business than a monthly newspaper (which, by the way, is often published as a supplement to a secular newspaper and uses the appropriate resources). The practice of reviving Orthodox publications that came out before the revolution deserves every support (for example, the oldest Orthodox journal, Christian Reading, was revived at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, etc.).
It is important to note that in a number of dioceses, church periodicals are published not only in Russian, but also in the language of the peoples living there (for example, in the Komi language in the Syktyvkar diocese, in the Altai language in the Barnaul diocese, etc.).
As an example of a diocesan newspaper, one can cite the weekly "Word of Life", which has been published for many years in the Tashkent diocese. This publication adequately fulfills the important task of spiritual nourishment of the Orthodox Central Asian flock, and one of the reasons for its success is the great attention that Archbishop Vladimir of Tashkent and Central Asia pays to publishing. For all his busyness, he by no means limited himself to archpastoral parting words to a new periodical, but, in fact, became its most active author: in almost every issue of the newspaper - his word, sermon, message. An important place in the newspaper is given to Christian pedagogy, the thoughts of the holy fathers about the upbringing of children, excerpts from the works of Ushinsky and Aksakov, essays on the Tashkent religious school, on Sunday schools in various parishes are published. From the very first issue of the newspaper, the topic of the history of the diocese has been covered; Thus, an essay was published on the history of the creation of the monthly magazine "Turkestan Eparchial Vedomosti" - in fact, the predecessor of the current newspaper: a number of publications were devoted to the initial sermon of the Apostle Thomas in Central Asia, articles about prominent Central Asian hierarchs were published, as well as materials related to the name of a student and follower of the last Optina elder, Nektarios, the confessor of the Central Asian diocese in the 50s-60s of our century, Archimandrite Boris (Kholcheva; † 1971). The specificity of the Central Asian Diocese is its location among the Muslim world; therefore, a number of the newspaper's materials are aimed at improving mutual understanding between Christians and Muslims, dispelling the atmosphere of reticence and suspicion. The publication of this newspaper, which can be considered an exemplary diocesan publication, has been going on for nine years.
5. New types of media
a) Radio, television
Both in the capital and in the regions, the Church is actively mastering radio broadcasting. In Moscow, it should be noted the long-term activity of the radio channel "Radonezh", the program "Logos" of the Department of Religious Education and Catechesis, the broadcast "Believe" on the radio "Russia" and others. There are certain achievements in the field of cinema mastering (it should be emphasized great importance the Film Festival "Golden Knight" held annually by the Union of Cinematographers) and television, where the same role is played by the annual festival-seminar of Orthodox television founded by the Publishing Council of the Moscow Patriarchate, the Orthodox society "Radonezh" and the Institute for Advanced Training of Television and Radio Broadcasting Workers. Over the past years, many interesting programs have been created on television, such as "Orthodox Messeslov", "Orthodox", "Canon" and, of course, the author's program of the Metropolitan of Smolensk and Kaliningrad "The Word of the Shepherd". Unfortunately, not all of them have survived to this day. Of great importance in the development of the Orthodox presence on television is the activities of the Information Agency of the Russian Orthodox Church, which covers the most important events in church life (earlier this was done by the PITA agency), as well as such TV programs as the Russian House and some others.
The main wish for these forms of media is greater interaction with the Hierarchy. Cases when speakers on radio stations or on television sometimes put their opinions above canonical norms are unacceptable - this causes a temptation among believers.
b) Internet
Two words should also be said about the beginning of the development of a new type of publications by church organizations - electronic media. I mean the world wide computer network, the Internet, which has become a familiar means of obtaining information in Western countries and is now becoming widespread in Russia as well. With the help of this network, each of its users can receive information from anywhere in the world. A number of church structures, both in the center and in the dioceses, are now making efforts to install computer equipment to provide access to the Internet. This will allow the Church to use another channel of influence on the minds of our contemporaries, with the help of which the most enlightened part of the youth audience, as well as the Russian-speaking population abroad, where, due to the high cost of shipping, our periodicals practically do not reach the treasury of Orthodoxy, will be able to gain access.
Currently, there are already dozens of Orthodox servers in Russian. Synodal institutions, individual dioceses, churches and monasteries, educational institutions also go online. One of the largest is the Orthodoxy in Russia server, created with the assistance of the Russian Cultural Initiative Foundation; on its pages, in particular, such newspapers as "Radonezh" and "Pravoslavnaya Moskva" are placed. Such a server was also created by the Moscow Patriarchate Publishing House, it contains all the official publications we publish, including the Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate, the Moscow Church Bulletin newspaper, the Orthodox Church Calendar, the Chronicle of the Patriarchal Ministry and much more.
6. Orthodox themes in secular media
In connection with the increase in the public importance of the Russian Orthodox Church in our country in recent years and in the secular media, the direction of journalism has been intensively developing, associated with the coverage of church life. At first similar information took place in the media through the departments of culture, now in many secular magazines and newspapers there are special observers who write on church topics, and in some media there are special headings, sections, pages, tabs and appendices entirely devoted to church life.
Examples include the "Lamp" column in the Trud newspaper, the "Blagovest" column in the Rabotnitsa magazine, and many others.
But there are also publications that have long exposed themselves as obvious enemies of Orthodoxy. Their goal is clear: to inflict maximum damage on the Church, to tear the Orthodox people away from her. Even the worldwide celebration - the 2000th anniversary of the Nativity of Christ - was used by some of these publications to publish blasphemous articles on their pages.
What are the reasons to put it mildly unfriendly attitude of many secular media to the Church? There are, of course, conscious enemies who, as before, imitating Yemelyan Yaroslavsky, look at the Church as a hotbed of alien ideas. Such people are extremely worried about the great and constantly growing authority of the Church in society. However, most often, I think, it is a reaction to the ideological dictates of the recent past, a kind of complex. They see in the Church not an opportunity to renew life, but a threat to the spread of a new ideology associated with certain self-restraints, while they would like to live without any ideology, absolutely "free." But it is not for nothing that they say: a holy place is never empty, and, rejecting the good yoke of Christ, they doom themselves to a much worse slavery to many different idols. For freedom without the restraining principles of Christianity is willfulness and arbitrariness. And the fruits of such freedom are disastrous for man, doom our civilization to extinction.
7. The so-called independent Orthodox media
Recently there have appeared such allegedly "Orthodox" publications which proudly call themselves "independent". Let us ask ourselves: from whom are they independent? When such titles or subheadings appear in the secular media, this must be understood, of course, not as an indication of genuine independence, since we know that periodicals are highly dependent on their economic owners, on sponsors, etc., but as an indication the absence of censorship on the part of the authorities, as opposed to all kinds of official print media published with budget funds. When a publication calling itself Orthodox simultaneously calls itself "independent," then it either uncritically uses a cliché suitable only for secular media, or it really wants to be independent from the government - from the church authorities, from the hierarchy. But is it possible?
The Church is built according to the hierarchical principle and there is not and cannot be any structures and associations independent of the Hierarchy. There has already been a period in our church history when, after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1917, meetings were held in many dioceses that removed unwanted bishops and elected new ones. We all remember with what wave of Renovationism, betrayal, and a break with Orthodox Tradition this period ended. "Without a bishop there is no Church" - this cornerstone principle, first clearly formulated by the holy martyr Irenaeus of Lyons, is valid in all its power today. Therefore, in my opinion, a newspaper cannot be considered Orthodox unless the blessing of His Holiness the Patriarch or the ruling bishop was given for its publication.
In this regard, the current situation to some extent resembles the one that took place in relation to the Orthodox brotherhoods, which were created in dozens at the beginning of perestroika. Some of them took up political and other activities that not only do not benefit the Church, but also directly harm her. The 1994 Bishops' Council even had to make a special decision to re-register the Statutes of Orthodox brotherhoods, adding to them a clause stating that they are created only with the consent of the parish rector and with the blessing of the diocesan bishop, so that they would be under the responsible guardianship of the rectors.
Obviously, we will have to return to the same topic more than once, since such "independent" media are openly fighting the Mother Church. The reasons for this are very different. Allegedly worrying about church problems that cannot be resolved, in fact, such newspapers only bring new disorders into the church organism, work to weaken the Church. Behind the articles published in them, one cannot fail to see far-reaching plans aimed at splitting the Church and, above all, at diminishing its role in the national-state revival of Russia. In this, such "zealots of Orthodoxy" merge with the most rabid enemies of the Church.
In their publications, they throw mud at the outstanding church leaders of the past and current hierarchs. Meanwhile, not only ordinary believers, but also priests and even bishops continue to take part in such newspapers - whether indirectly (by subscription, reading) or directly (by articles, giving interviews, etc.). The question is: is it canonically permissible? Of course, this is a rhetorical question - for a truly Orthodox consciousness it should be clear: such publications destroy church unity.
Speaking about the Orthodox media, it should be noted that in the full sense of the word, only those publications that are established by the official structures of the Russian Orthodox Church - directly by the Patriarchate, Synodal institutions, monasteries, and parishes - can be called ecclesiastical. Of course, there are many publications that are not in the strict sense of the church, but appeal to the hierarchy for the blessing of their activities. Most of these media employ laypeople in the church, and we support them. At the same time, one cannot ignore the fact that legally they are private enterprises that are not responsible to the Church for the content of their publications. This is fraught with a number of dangers, since under certain circumstances, factors and forces alien to the Church can and do influence the editorial policy of such structures. Therefore, it seems especially important that the founders of religious media include the official structures of the Church, which would have the opportunity not only to formally bless, but also to actually direct the line pursued by this or the publication in the church channel.
I would like to note that from the point of view of non-church consciousness, what I am talking about now looks simply like a struggle of the Church against independent church media and secular journalists covering church issues. We are not afraid of such an interpretation, since the Church is by no means a parliament, where pluralism of opinions and factional struggle prevail. But when such judgments are accompanied by fictitious reports, such as the one that recently appeared on the pages of Russkaya Mysl, that the Publishing Council allegedly sent a blacklist of mass media to all Diocesan administrations, and clergymen are advised to refrain from meeting with journalists, we must directly state that this is slander.
In fact, this is not surprising: you know very well that the world from the moment of the emergence of Christianity has been with it in a state of war; and in war as in war, they do not disdain by any means. But this general consideration at the moment, as applied to Orthodoxy in Russia, also has a purely political component: Orthodoxy is the last bond of Russia, and therefore for many in the West it is the main target. At the same time, attacks on the Church of Christ are carried out both from the outside and from within. And the enemy within the Church, who puts on the mask of a zealot for the purity of Orthodoxy, is more dangerous than the external enemy, for it is more difficult to recognize him. His favorite trick is slandering the hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Church, using unclean methods of lying, distorting facts, and their biased interpretation. What are these people zealous for? The answer is simple: the authors and leaders of such newspapers either themselves want a split in the Church, or they simply fulfill someone else's order.
8. Common problems Orthodox journalism
a) Addressee, language, subject
The first question that arises in relation to Orthodox periodicals is their addressee. Are they internal church publications designed for already church-going readers, or should the main tasks they set for themselves should be missionary, that is, should we address first of all those who are just on the threshold of the church? The choice of the language, the choice of topics, and the volume of the necessary commentary depend on the solution of this main issue.
In my opinion, both are necessary: there should be publications designed for a prepared reader who is well acquainted with church life, theology, and history; and there should be editions for the novice. But given that the ministry of the Church is now taking place in conditions of a significant de-churching of society, which has departed far from its spiritual foundations and, so to speak, does not remember its kinship, I believe that the missionary bias in the Orthodox media should be predominant. In accordance with this, the language of newspapers and magazines should be understandable for most people. But there is also a certain danger to which I would like to point out. Whatever missionary goals the journalists set for themselves, still not every language is suitable for articles and notes in which it is about the high, about the saint. A laudable desire to expand the readership, to get in touch with one or another social group to conduct Christian preaching in it must also have its boundaries. It is inconceivable, for example, when carrying the Good News to those in bondage, to present it, "applying" it to the mentality of criminals, in their language; it is clear that such a journalist will lose himself and will not gain readers. The same can be said for the use - in the quest to master young hearts - the jargon of youth parties.
Now about the topic. There is such a type of publication as a newsletter. The intensity of church life is now very high, and filling the newspaper pages with news (very easy to do with the internet) is the easiest thing an editor can do. But for most newspapers and magazines, information about the events of church life is too little for the publication to be truly interesting to readers. A simple reprint of passages from patristic works is not enough either. The good news of the Lord Jesus Christ is addressed to every person, but every generation of people perceives it in its own way, because it is in a new historical situation. And the main thing that may interest the reader is how the eternal truths of Christianity are refracted in the consciousness of his contemporary. Therefore, I believe that the main place in the Orthodox media should be occupied by the speeches of modern priests, religious scientists and cultural figures, Orthodox publicists.
Today, many preachers speak a language drawn from the books of the last century, do not seek to revive their knowledge, to convey it to modern people. Such a sermon is not effective; one should speak about the deepest truths of the Gospel and about church life in clear modern language.
I would like to note one more point related to the language of the press. It is very characteristic for modern ideologized consciousness that the understanding of a particular publication in the old sense, i.e. following the author's arguments and the like work of thought is often replaced by the identification of "ours" or "others" by a few conventional signs, which can be found in the material at the most cursory viewing it. At the same time, reading texts and listening to speeches turns into a search for a few key words like "patriot", "democrat", "nationalist", "ecumenist". I urge Orthodox journalists to use less such cliches, which inevitably vulgarize thought and do not promote unity in society.
Another example is provided by people who talk a lot about the need to translate the divine service into Russian for better understanding of it (I will note in brackets - an extremely delicate matter that requires many years of work), but in fact limit themselves to saying "again and again ", instead of" let us hear "-" we hear "and instead of" belly "-" life ", which adds absolutely nothing to the understanding of the liturgical text. Here, these modified words, an example of bad taste, also have the functional meaning of a password, identification mark, must demonstrate progressiveness to all surrounding conservatives.
The most important topic for the Orthodox media is the fight against the dominance of information that corrupts our society in the secular media. The church press should participate in the development of mechanisms to protect from the corrupting influence on the media of freedom, which is not restrained either by Christian morality or by a sense of responsibility.
I would also like to wish Orthodox journalists that the views of the older generation of clergymen who endured the heavy cross of standing in the faith during the years of the atheist regime would be better reflected in the church press. There are not so many such people left now, and we must hurry to talk with them, interview them, and adopt their spiritual experience. It would be extremely useful, I think, to compare their views and thoughts on key church issues with those of younger people, Orthodox journalists.
b) Controversy in Orthodox media
Another question: is it necessary to cover in the Orthodox media the discord and conflicts taking place in the church environment, or, speaking in a professional language, what should be the relationship between positive and negative in general? You know that not all is well in our church life. The Church is a living organism, and it would be strange if some of its members did not get sick from time to time, especially in the conditions of such rapid changes that we have been experiencing in recent years. Yes, we now live in an open society, and the Church has no secrets either from its members or from society as a whole. But when covering these conflicts, it is necessary to show wise balance. There are no forbidden topics for Orthodox publicists. It is only important to remember the words of the Apostle Paul: "Everything is permissible for me, but not everything is beneficial ... not everything edifies" (1 Cor. 10:23). The task of church journalists is creation, not destruction. Therefore, criticism in the church press should be sharp, but not murderous, but benevolent.
It is important not to succumb to emotions, to show spiritual sobriety. It is far from always useful to criticize publicly noticed shortcomings, knowing that this will cause in the secular press, first of all, the screams of newspaper scoffers. Sometimes it is more helpful to ask the hierarchy directly for action. It’s not so much a matter of denouncing this or that sin, defect; it is important to correct it, and in such situations the church press should, not succumbing to provocations, help not to inflate, but to heal such conflicts, their final disappearance from our church life.
We live in a difficult time, for many things we still do not have the strength and resources, and this must be borne in mind and try to understand the actions of the hierarchy, instead of ardently accusing him of certain sins.
Getting involved in criticism is spiritually unsafe. The point is not only the danger of violating the Lord's commandment "do not judge." A polemical attitude gives rise to a special lightness in a publicist, a habit of solving sometimes difficult, dogmatically difficult problems - from the shoulder, with extraordinary speed. The consequence of all this is the loss of a sense of reverence for the saint, the loss of piety, that is, the traditional Orthodox mentality.
The desire of some publicists writing on church topics to appeal to secular public opinion in their polemics with the hierarchy looks especially unattractive. Of course, in the holy canons there are no direct provisions prohibiting such an appeal, but I think that it can be viewed in the same way as an appeal to civil authority in church affairs, which is directly prohibited by the canons. I also note that the same canons say that before considering a complaint from a cleric or layman against a bishop or cleric, one should study the question of the complainant himself: what is the public opinion about him and whether his motives are pure.
Many problems are caused by insufficient contact between Orthodox journalists and the hierarchy. It is clear that due to technical reasons this contact is not always easy to make, but everyone must remember that we are doing a common cause and therefore must strive to understand each other.
c) Ethics of an Orthodox journalist
An Orthodox journalist should be very serious about journalistic ethics. It is important that the Orthodox press does not adopt the unscrupulous methods of some secular publications, so that it, without avoiding acute problems, at the same time does not engage in slanderousness, does not sow discord between believers and pastors, between faith and culture, between Church and state. It should be remembered that the words of the Lord are applicable to journalism, as to no other sphere of human activity: "for every idle word that people say, they will give an answer on the day of judgment: for from your words you will be justified, and from your words you will be condemned" (Matthew 12, 36-37).
An Orthodox journalist must constantly remember the commandment to love one's neighbor, to be responsible for every word spoken, to show respect for the author or interlocutor. If he makes any changes to the words spoken or written by him (be it literary modification or abbreviation), then be sure to introduce them to the author before publishing them or broadcasting them. Before publishing, be sure to show the text to the person with whom you had a conversation.
Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for editors of Orthodox newspapers to reprint materials from other Orthodox publications not only without proper permission, but also without any references. The point here, of course, is not copyright, and many authors take this practice quite calmly, believing that if their publications are useful to people, then thank God; But we are talking about a certain culture of relations, an example of which Orthodox journalists should be the example.
d) The problem of censorship
We now live in a society that is still experiencing the euphoria of freedom. And this prevailing mentality in a certain way affects us, and therefore it is as if we are embarrassed to talk about the need to restore church censorship. Meanwhile, there is a need for it. The lack of even basic theological training among many authors writing on church topics leads to significant distortions of the Orthodox doctrine in their works.
As a result, "spiritual" literature appears, on the pages of which one can find blatant heresy, speculations about corruption and the evil eye, a lot of unverified rumors are placed. But many really wonderful events took place in the past century, but they literally drown in this sea of legends and myths. Therefore, I believe that the problem of church censorship has not been removed from the agenda today.
At present, a definite replacement for the institution of spiritual censorship is the placement on the corresponding publications of the stamp: "printed with the blessing" - of the Holy Patriarch, the ruling bishop - or "printed by the decision of the Publishing Council." In my opinion, all literature of spiritual content sold in churches should have a mark of passing the appropriate examination and the name of the censor should be indicated.
I must note that through the efforts of the modern media, the idea of the unacceptability of censorship as such is being introduced into the church consciousness. But censorship for us is not an encroachment on freedom, but a way to preserve our church wealth, accumulated over thousands of years. Limitations in the way authors express themselves can upset all sorts of pluralists; but in matters of salvation, that is, life and death, the Church has different priorities.
As for periodicals, in my opinion, only church media (diocesan, parish) can have the stamp "printed with blessing" on the first sheet. When we see such a stamp on a secular Orthodox publication, this raises questions: does any of the persons authorized by the Hierarchy view these publications? After all, otherwise the publisher is given a blank form with a signature, a kind of carte blanche, and sooner or later problems may arise.
The fact that in this matter it is possible to reach a complete absurdity is evidenced by the practice of placing the "blessing" of the late Metropolitan of St. Petersburg and Ladoga John on the title page of an Orthodox "independent" newspaper. Meanwhile, more and more authors appear in it, whom the late Vladyka did not even know, and the tonality of the newspaper has changed significantly in recent years.
The advent of the Internet essentially made it possible for everyone to have their own media. At the same time, from the user's point of view, purely outwardly, personal sites are indistinguishable from those created by well-known press authorities. Moreover, publishing traditional media requires obtaining a license from the Ministry of Press of the Russian Federation, and no permission is required to create an electronic newspaper. It is clear that in these conditions the problem of church blessing of such publications will become especially acute, and we will face this in the near future.
e) The need for state support for Orthodox media
Following its sacred duty - to contribute to the spiritual and moral improvement of society, the Russian Orthodox Church is making significant efforts to publish spiritual literature and Orthodox periodicals, which are in dire need of many of our compatriots who have lost their spiritual guidelines. This task is very difficult in conditions when considerable resources are allocated for various anti-church campaigns. But even those secular media that do not directly oppose the Church are characterized by a striving for "spiritual exoticism" - theosophy, magic, occultism, Eastern religions and similar materials that are dubious from the point of view of the Church.
Unfortunately, the activities of the Orthodox media are not sufficiently visible against this background. The main reason here is economic, arising from the general difficulties of our state. The Moscow Patriarchate invests all its main funds in the restoration of churches destroyed by the state - this is not only its sacred duty, but also the duty of the entire society; there are practically no funds for large-scale journalistic projects.
The Church is especially lacking at the present time for its central newspaper, in which it could, in no way directly intervene in politics, assess certain phenomena in society from a spiritual and moral standpoint, so to speak, "from the point of view of eternity." This line, strictly adhered to in the newspaper, would contribute to the rapprochement of various opposing forces, soften the bitterness of the political struggle, and the unity of society as a whole. It seems to us that such a position and the church-wide newspaper expressing it deserve state support, despite the fact that the Church in our country is separated from the state. Spirituality and morality are something without which a nation cannot be healthy.
It seems that the creation of a church-wide Orthodox newspaper is truly a state matter, and therefore we have the right to count on state support, which is provided to many secular "independent" media outlets. A detailed plan of such a publication exists and will be submitted by us to the Press and Information Committee of the Russian Federation.
9. Leadership of Orthodox periodicals
Considering the great importance of the media in the modern world, I would like to draw the attention of the Most Reverend archpastors to the need to pay the most serious attention to those Orthodox media that are published in the dioceses they govern. Moreover, we are talking not only about the need to provide them with all-round support, including material support, but also about the care of the relevant publications, about their spiritual guidance. Then there will be no conflicts that are currently occurring between the press and church structures.
The Publishing Council of the Moscow Patriarchate is called to carry out the general management of Orthodox publishing activities, including church media. The hierarchy of our Church attaches great importance to his activities, as evidenced by the fact that in the fall of last year, by the Decree of the Holy Synod, he was given the status of a Synodal department. But so far the main direction of the Council's activity is connected not with periodicals, but with book publishing - it reviews manuscripts voluntarily sent by publishers with a request to bless their publication. In most cases, the submitted manuscripts are subject to benevolent criticism and, with amendments and comments, are recommended for publication, but there are still some for which the Council cannot give the requested blessing due to serious defects, if not entirely non-Orthodox nature of the work.
The Publishing Council is ready to disseminate the already accumulated experience of such reviewing for periodicals, but there are still no necessary conditions for this. With regret, I must note that we still do not receive all the newspapers and magazines that are published in the dioceses. Perhaps an all-church competition for Orthodox media should be organized, within the framework of which it will be possible to compare various periodicals with each other and give them an Orthodox assessment.
10. The need to publish a church-wide newspaper and create a press center under His Holiness the Patriarch
Looking over the activities of the Orthodox media, one cannot get rid of the feeling that there is a dissipation of forces. Many different periodicals are published, while one really large, respectable, influential publication is clearly missing. In addition, most of our periodicals, in fact, are intra-church, their subject matter and language are not always clear to a wide audience, therefore, they cannot fulfill a missionary function. In other words, there is clearly a need to create a massive all-Russian weekly Orthodox newspaper that would write not only about the internal church life, but also about the world from the point of view of the Church and the Orthodox worldview.
When discussing the concept of a Russian Orthodox socio-political cultural and educational newspaper, first of all, we must define several important positions: its addressee, principles of information selection, sources of information, material base, and the like.
As for the addressee, in our opinion, such a newspaper is needed by the widest circle of readers, all those people in Russia who profess themselves Orthodox and sympathize with the Church, but are not churchgoers (according to some estimates, 60% of the total population of the country is such). Considering that people are tired of newspaper lies and slander, the political bias of Russian publications, propaganda of debauchery, witchcraft and violence in them, admiration for material values and low-grade " popular culture", the presence of an Orthodox public newspaper covering all topics from the point of view of Christian values will attract a huge number of readers to it.
The main task of such a newspaper is to consider current problems of modern life from the point of view of the Church with the aim of influencing public opinion and political institutions. Of course, in addition to its utilitarian purpose - to be a source of information - an Orthodox newspaper must be a witness to the Truth: to carry this Truth, to assert and defend it.
Of course, the reader has no right to expect impartiality from such a newspaper, the selection of information is already a certain bias. But if for non-Christian consciousness the criterion of objectivity is completely earthly ideas about truth, then for Christians such a criterion can only be the One Who Himself is the "Way and Truth and Life". An important for us approach to the Christian concept of "objectivity" was given by St. John Chrysostom: "We pray or fast," he wrote, "we accuse or forgive, keep silent or talk or do something else: we will do everything for the glory of God."
The question of the material base of the publication is very serious. Nowadays control over information is power, so I am sure that many political forces will want to support it with finances. However, funding in modern understanding- it is always "ideological" control, so direct control by the Church is extremely important here. It is possible that such a newspaper could become the organ of the "Union of Orthodox Journalists", which we propose to create at this Congress. In any case, the activities of the sponsors of the newspaper should not contradict the Christian commandments.
As for the sources of information, the Church today practically does not have its own information service, except for the Information Agency of the Russian Orthodox Church, which is mainly focused on television. Such a service needs to be created, and the faster the better. It can be based on the "press service" under the Holy Patriarch. Of course, to some extent, church information passes through ITAR-TASS and other agencies, but one should use the existing secular agencies with caution - many of them are associated with political parties and certain ideological structures. The task of creating a church-wide Orthodox news agency is now quite real, for it is not so difficult to find believing correspondents at diocesan administrations and large city churches throughout Russia and abroad.
The newspaper about which in question, should be done not just by Orthodox, but necessarily by church journalists. There are such journalists in Moscow. An Orthodox newspaper must necessarily become a center uniting the church intelligentsia.
Of course, it would be ideal if such a newspaper were a daily, but in this moment this is hardly achievable. However, for the first two or three years, we are quite capable of publishing a weekly newspaper. This simplifies the work in terms of responsiveness to events and facts, but also obliges analyticity, eliminates the "right to error" and any inaccuracy.
As for the distribution of such a newspaper, the Church has a unique communication system: Diocesan administrations, deanery districts, churches - on the one hand; and shops, kiosks, stalls selling church utensils and church literature - on the other. Only they, in addition to subscription, can ensure the distribution of at least one hundred thousand copies of the newspaper.
A newspaper should not only not avoid "difficult" topics, but, on the contrary, seek them, talk about them with the reader, presenting a Christian understanding of these problems. Of course, the priority topic for her will be church life: the newspaper should inform about the events and problems of the Russian Orthodox Church and give them due assessment, as well as resist anti-church actions and anti-Christian publications in the secular press. Priority topics also include social problems: disadvantaged people (refugees, disabled people, orphans, pensioners, sick people, etc.), people captured by passions and rejected God (alcoholics, drug addicts, criminals, gamblers, etc.) , the problem is not generally "human rights", but the rights of specific people. The newspaper must adhere to the position of principled non-partisanship, protection of national and state interests, openness to all who contribute (regardless of party affiliation and religious affiliation) stability, who are looking for ways of understanding, unification and peace in society.
11. Issues of training journalistic personnel
In connection with the intensive development of Orthodox journalism in recent years, the issue of training journalistic personnel has become very relevant. The publishing house of the Moscow Patriarchate pays great attention to this problem. Five years ago, under him, the Institute of Church Journalism was created, two years ago it was transformed into a faculty of the Russian Orthodox University named after John the Theologian, for which this year the third enrollment will be held. Now future church journalists receive more thorough training in theological disciplines, study ancient and new languages. Many students are already staff members of various church publishing houses today. As an educational practice, they publish their student newspaper "University Bulletin", where they do everything - from writing articles to computer layout - by themselves. The second issue of this newspaper is currently being prepared.
There are many requests from dioceses to open a correspondence department at the faculty, this issue is currently being studied.
12. Creation of the "Union of Orthodox Journalists of Russia"
The facts presented in the report show that in the field of mass media the Church and society have been making new steps towards each other in recent years. Meanwhile, the activities of the Union of Journalists of Russia are proceeding as if this new phenomenon in the life of the country, a new direction in the activities of journalists simply does not exist. Church journalists are not invited to become members of the Union, we are not sent invitations to various events held by the Union - round tables, professional competitions, etc. secular periodicals.
It seems that the conditions are ripe and the time has come to rectify this situation. A year ago, the participants of the round table "Publishing Activity of the Russian Orthodox Church", held within the framework of the VII Christmas Educational Readings, having discussed the state of the church periodicals in our country, expressed the opinion that one of the significant shortcomings in this area is the disunity of the leaders of church funds mass media. As a measure to improve coordination and interaction between church journalists, a proposal was made to create a Union (or Brotherhood) of Orthodox Journalists. This proposal found unanimous support from the audience and it was decided to appeal to the hierarchy with a request to bless the creation of such an association. Having received such a blessing, we propose to discuss at our Congress the question of founding such a Union.
In our opinion, the Union of Orthodox Journalists of Russia should be a creative public association established with the aim of assisting the Russian Orthodox Church in enlightening society, promoting Orthodox spiritual, moral and cultural values, improving professionalism, skill and mutual support of its members. In carrying out its activities, the Union will observe the canonical rules, doctrinal, theological and other traditions of the Russian Orthodox Church. Its members will be Orthodox professional creative workers of diocesan publishing houses, editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, editorial offices of radio, television and Internet channels, news agencies, as well as individual journalists and entire public associations that share the goals and objectives of the Union and contribute to its activities.
There is a certain fear among secular journalists that the creation of the "Union of Orthodox Journalists of Russia" will lead to the division of people with a common profession of a journalist on religious grounds. But we consider our future organization not in opposition to the existing All-Russian Union of Journalists, but as its subdivision.
On the other hand, it is important not to repeat the mistakes that were made during the registration of the Union of Orthodox Brotherhoods, the Charter of which did not correspond to church law and state legal provisions. This discrepancy consisted in the fact that the Union declared itself a public organization, but determined the directions of its activities at the general church, diocesan and parish levels, without providing for interaction with canonical church structures and responsibility to the hierarchy.
Concluding my speech, I would like to wish the participants of the Congress success in the work ahead and fruitful discussions on the issues I have outlined in my report.
Archbishop Bronnitsky Tikhon,
editor-in-chief of the publishing house of the Moscow Patriarchate
