Mountain or alpine clubs The clubs trained mountain trekking guides and rescuers. With funds from club members, huts and shelters were built on the way to the tops of the mountains. The total number of club members reached 120 thousand people.
Most clubs published their own magazines dedicated to mountains and travel to them. More than 30 magazines were published in the 1890s.
The invention of the bicycle led to the creation touring clubs in European countries.
In 1895, a special organization for workers was created in Vienna "Friends of Nature", which organized weekend trips. This was the beginning of the formation of mass tourism for the “little man”.
1898 created International League of Travel Associations(Luxembourg), in 1919 re-registered as International Tourism Alliance(currently includes more than 140 national associations).
Among officials and employees in late XIX– beginning XX century summer trips to dachas were common. Such a peculiar " country house» tourism from early June to early September. Thus, tourism becomes a new special form of movement of people.
The first attempt to create an international intergovernmental organization on tourism issues was made between the two world wars. The first steps in this direction were taken by the Dutch National Tourist Office. As a result of his efforts, the International Union of Tourist Propaganda Organizations arose. Initially, the Union included 20 countries. Each country could be represented in ISOTO by only one tourism organization. The main objectives of ISOTO were to study various aspects international tourism and development of recommendations. The magazine “World Tourist” began to be published every two months.
Created in 1945, the United Nations begins to deal with a wide range of problems of international tourism. Tourism is beginning to be called a “phenomenon of the 20th century.”
To popularize tourism, the International Federation of Tourism Journalists and Writers (FIGET) was created in 1954. Its founders were 20 countries.
In 1958, the European Air Tourism Association (AETA) was formed in Paris, and in the mid-1950s. The International Tourism Alliance (AIT) was created, bringing together a large number of car clubs, touring clubs and other organizations.
In 1963, the first World Tourism Conference took place in Rome. 87 states, 5 specialized agencies, 7 interdepartmental and 14 non-governmental organizations were represented at this forum. The conference participants demonstrated respect for human rights.
In Rome, information was also given about UNESCO's programs for the development of institutions for training personnel to improve tourism, as well as support for museums, art galleries, restoration of monuments and historical sites.
1967 was proclaimed by the UN as the Year of Tourism because “tourism is one of the fundamental and desirable aspects of human activity, deserving the approval and encouragement of all peoples and governments.”
In 1967, the World Federation of Associations of Travel Agencies - FUAAV (FUAAV) was founded. It is an association of travel companies, travel agencies and entrepreneurs involved in serving tourists. The main goals of the Federation are to unite national tourism associations of all countries of the world; protection of the professional interests of all travel agencies united in national associations; strengthening the prestige of travel agencies; providing opportunities for meetings between travel agencies; supplying information to national associations on all professional issues; creation of national associations travel agencies in those countries where they do not yet exist; settlement of disagreements that may arise between national associations and travel agencies different countries.
In 1969, according to a resolution of the UN General Assembly, the non-governmental organization IUOTO was reorganized into the intergovernmental World Tourism Organization (WTO). This fact was evidence of the universal recognition of not only economic, social, cultural, but also political significance international tourism.
The WTO is an international organization with special competence, in accordance with Article 1 of its Charter, classified as an intergovernmental organization.
All WTO activities are aimed at implementing international cooperation states in the field of tourism and fully complies with the principles of modern law.
The main purpose of the WTO is to promote and develop tourism so as to contribute to economic development, international understanding, peace, progress and universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
The headquarters of this organization is located in Madrid. On September 27, 1975, the WTO Charter was adopted. And since 1980, it was decided to celebrate this day as World Tourism Day. According to established tradition, the motto proclaimed at the World Day tourism, emphasizing any aspect of tourist work in the world for the year.
The official languages adopted for the work of the WTO are English, French, Spanish and Russian.
Related information.
Approved
General meeting founders
Protocol No. 1 of March 15, 2008
(with amendments and additions dated 02/04/2009, protocol No. 1)
Sibay
Installation
public association "Tourist Sports Club "Wild Land"
1. General Provisions
1.1. The public association “Tourist Sports Club “Wild Land”, hereinafter referred to as the Club, is a public organization that unites tourism lovers based on their common interests in the field of physical and spiritual development, active recreation, propaganda healthy image life, strengthening civil society, based on membership, created to achieve the statutory goals of united citizens.
1.2. Members of the Club can be individuals who have reached the age of 14, as well as legal entities - public associations that support the goals and objectives of the Club.
1.3. The Club is not responsible for the obligations of the state and its bodies, and the state is not responsible for the obligations of the Club.
1.4. The Club is not responsible for the obligations of its members, and the Club members are not responsible for the obligations of the Club.
1.5. Full name of the Club: Public Association “Tourist Sports Club “Wild Land”. Short name: “Club “Wild Land”. English name: “Wild region Club”.
1.6. The club carries out its activities in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated May 19, 1995 No. 82 - Federal Law “On Public Associations”, other current legislation of the Russian Federation and this Charter.
1.7. The club builds its activities on the principles of voluntariness, equality, self-government and democracy.
1.8. The club is not a legal entity and operates without state registration and is considered created from the moment the founders make a decision on its creation.
1.9. If the General Meeting of the Club’s founders subsequently decides on the need for state registration of the Club and acquisition of the status of a legal entity, the public association will be subject to state registration in the manner prescribed by law.
1.10. The club office is located at the address: Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Sibay, st. Industrial highway, 4/1, MAU FOC "Berkut". Email: [email protected] Phone: +7 927 347 02 21.
2. Goals and objectives of the Club
2.1. The club is created for the following purposes:
- communication, exchange of vacation and travel experiences;
- joint travel, outdoor recreation and other types of communication;
- creation of joint bicycle, auto, water and walking routes;
- enhancing the role sports tourism, related disciplines and active recreation in the comprehensive and harmonious development of personality, health promotion and the formation of a healthy lifestyle.
2.2. The main tasks of the club:
- creation and implementation of programs and activities aimed at promoting and developing tourism, related disciplines and active recreation, careful attitude To environment, prevention and health protection, achieving high sports results;
- organization and conduct of sports competitions and expeditions;
- participation in sporting events held by other organizations, both in Russia and abroad;
- formation of the Club’s national team, designed to represent it at official sports competitions;
- development of cooperation with various organizations, institutions, enterprises, individuals, both domestic and foreign, on the basis of sponsorship and charity;
- holding cultural events;
- monitoring the environmental situation in the region;
- representing the interests of tourism and travel lovers and Club members in government bodies of the Russian Federation, in regional bodies government controlled, in local governments, public associations related to the recreation industry and the development of tourism activities.
3. Rights of the Club
3.1. To achieve its goals, the Club has the right:
- exercise in full the powers provided for by the Federal Law “On Public Associations”;
- freely disseminate information about its activities;
- represent and defend their rights, the legitimate interests of their members, as well as other citizens in government bodies and public associations;
- enter into public organizations as a member, as well as jointly with other non-profit organizations, form unions and associations;
- maintain direct international contacts and connections;
- create your own structural units (organizations, clubs, departments or branches and representative offices, etc.).
3.2. The club may exercise other rights provided for by current legislation Russian Federation in accordance with the statutory goals and objectives.
4. Club membership
4.1. Membership in the Club is voluntary.
4.2. Members of the Club are individuals, public associations, foreign citizens who share the goals, objectives and principles of the Club, who are ready to comply with the requirements of the Club Charter, who have submitted a written application to join the Club.
4.3. Honorary members of the Club can be persons who contribute to the implementation of goals and objectives and have made a great contribution to the activities of the Club. The status of honorary member is awarded by decision of the Founders.
4.4. A candidate for Club membership is an individual or legal entity who is a lover of tourism and travel. Accepted into the club, subject to: a submitted application to the head of the Club, paid entrance fee. Reception legal entities- public associations, carried out on the basis of a decision of the authorized body of a legal entity to join the Club, a copy of the registration certificate and a copy of the Charter.
4.5. Club members have equal rights and bear equal responsibility for their obligations within the framework of the Club’s activities.
4.6. Club members have the right to elect and be elected.
4.7. Club members also have the right:
- - to participate in the activities of the Club;
- - use the Club’s property and equipment to participate in hikes, competitions, and festivals;
- - receive information about ongoing events, studies, seminars, cultural and sports programs of the Club;
- - choose any club duties based on abilities, interests, inclinations;
- - independently choose which hike to go on (taking into account experience);
- - when gaining experience, lead hikes;
- - know what the club's money is spent on.
4.8. A Club member has the right to voluntarily leave the Club at any time by sending a written application to the head of the Club.
4.9. In the event of any event requiring financial participation, the Club member who decides to take part in this event undertakes to make a monetary contribution to the holding of this event.
4.10. A Club member may be expelled from the Club for committing an illegal or unethical act, in the event of a systematic violation by a Club member of his duties, as well as in case of gross systematic violation of internal regulations and safety rules by decision of a meeting of the Club Council by a simple majority of votes.
4.11. A Club member is considered to have left the Club if he has lost contact with the club and has not participated in its activities for more than 2 years.
4.12. A Club member is obliged:
- comply with the Club Charter;
- attend Club meetings;
- take part in all Club events;
- go on hikes of varying degrees of difficulty and duration at least once a year;
- carry out any public club work, treat it responsibly and creatively;
- improve your educational and cultural level, learn tourism skills and technology;
- promote the activities of the Club, attracting new people;
- treat the Club property with care (in case of damage or loss of club property, the club member is obliged to compensate for the loss);
- actively contribute to the implementation of the goals and objectives of the Club;
- take care of the traditions created in the Club, the relationships between Club members and their initiatives.
5. Structure of the Club, governing and auditing bodies of the Club
5.1. The supreme governing body of the club is the General Meeting of the Club’s founders, which meets as needed, but at least twice a year.
5.1.2. The founders of the Club are individuals who convened a general meeting at which this Charter was adopted and the governing bodies were formed.
5.1.3. The competence of the General Meeting of the Club founders includes:
- resolving any issue regarding the club’s activities;
- adoption of the Club Charter and amendments to it;
- elections of the head of the Club, treasurer and auditor of the Club and approval of the order and priority of rotation of these persons;
- approving the estimate of expenses and income of the club (if events are planned that involve financial expenses of the Club or cash receipts to the Club);
- decision on early removal of powers from the head of the Club, treasurer and auditor of the Club in case of violation of the Charter, commission of an illegal or unethical act.
5.2. The current activities of the Club are managed by the Club Council.
5.2.1. Members of the Club may be elected to the Club Council.
5.2.2. Members of the Club Council are elected for a period of one year and can be re-elected an unlimited number of times.
5.2.3. The competence of the Club Council includes resolving the following issues:
- drawing up plans for organizational and methodological work and educational and sports activities of the Club, ensuring the implementation of these plans;
- drawing up programs for the educational and training process;
- holding intra-club sports competitions and qualifying exams;
- maintaining a register of Club members;
- exclusion from Club membership in the cases specified in clause 4.10. this Charter;
5.2.4. Meetings of the Club Council are held as needed, but at least once a month.
5.2.5. The Club Council makes decisions by a simple majority of votes.
5.2.6. The Club Council is considered authorized to make decisions if at least two-thirds of the full membership is present at its meeting.
5.2.7. The Club Council provides the General Meeting of the Club founders with a report on the Club’s activities at least once a year.
5.3. The general management of the Club is carried out by the head of the Club, elected by the founders of the Club for a period of one year, and one deputy head, who is selected from among the Club members by the head himself for a period of one year, who can be re-elected an unlimited number of times.
5.3.1. The manager performs the following functions:
- management of the Club’s activities, acts without a power of attorney;
- maintains contact with Club members and informs them about events held by the Club;
- coordinates the activities of club members;
- organizes the work of the Club to solve the problems facing the Club;
- represents the interests of the Club without a power of attorney in state and municipal authorities, state and non-state, commercial and non-profit organizations.
5.4. Deputy Head of the Club:
- provides the necessary assistance to the manager in his work;
- is responsible for the area of activity assigned by the manager, acts without a power of attorney;
- during the absence of the manager, performs his duties, by order of the manager.
5.5. The Club may hold events related to the financial participation of Club members
5.5.1. The collection of funds and their management is carried out by the treasurer, elected by the General Meeting of the Club founders for six months, by a simple majority of votes;
5.5.2. The financial and economic activities of the Club are controlled by an auditor, also elected by the General Meeting of the Club’s founders for six months, by a simple majority of votes.
6. Club symbols
6.1. The club has its own approved symbols:
6.1.1. Logo with the image of a wolf, made in dark brown color and inscriptions: to the left of the image “tourist sports club”, to the right of the image “Wild Land”. The inscriptions are made in the same color as the image of the wolf;
6.1.2. The flag is beige with a logo printed on it.
7. Sources of formation Money and Club property
7.1. The General Meeting of the Club founders has the right to resolve the issue of forming the Club’s property and making entrance and membership fees to the Club.
7.2. If such a decision is made, the General Meeting of Founders will be required to approve the “Regulations on the sources of the formation of funds and property of the Club and on their use.”
8. Termination and reorganization of the Club’s activities
8.1. Termination of the Club's activities can be carried out through liquidation.
8.2. The Club is subject to liquidation if the number of Club members becomes less than two.
8.3. Reorganization (merger, accession, division, separation, transformation) and liquidation of the Club is carried out in accordance with and in the manner prescribed by the Civil Legislation of the Russian Federation.
9. Signatures of the Club founders
Harrasov Farit Biktimerovich
Nesterov Alexey Pavlovich
Biryukov Sergey Anatolievich
Kunakov Ilgiz Kuvandykovich
This Charter was adopted at the general meeting of the founders of the public association “Tourist Sports Club “Wild Land” on March 15, 2008.
Currently, associations have begun to emerge in the Ukrainian tourism industry, which is a natural stage of development market economy Ukraine and its establishment as a democratic and legal state with a developed civil society.
Relevance of this study due to the need to determine the directions of work of associations in Ukraine.
The works of domestic scientists are devoted to the issues of marketing in tourism: Beznosyuk V.D., Bobarykina O.M., Vedmid N.I., Zhukova N.L., Kharycheva V.V., Shulgina L.M. and foreign scientists: A. P. Durovich, F. Kotler. The description and classification of associations in tourism were carried out by S.A. Bystrov. , Vorontsova M.G., Kvartalnov V.A., Dracheva E.L., Zabaev Yu.V., Ismaev D.K. etc. It should be noted that there is no common point of view on specific forms of work of tourism associations in Ukraine within the framework of marketing information system.
The purpose of the study is to determine the place and role of associations in the tourism business. To achieve this goal, it is planned to solve a number of tasks:
Describe tourism associations and organizations;
- develop a classification of tourism associations;
- identify forms of work of associations in tourism, propose new directions.
As a rule, tourist associations and organizations resolve issues that an individual member of the association cannot resolve on his own or such a solution would be unreasonably expensive for him. Through joint efforts, tourism associations and organizations can effectively and relatively short time decide common problems its members. Tourist associations and organizations can take on some functions government agencies tourism management. Tourist associations and organizations are created to promote the development of tourism, exchange and contacts between enterprises in the tourism industry, joint development of tourism policies and active lobbying of their interests, conducting marketing research and promoting the tourism product. Tourist associations and organizations can be used to build some elements of a marketing information system.
Marketing information system (MIS, Marketing Information System - MIS) of a tourism enterprise is a set of resources and procedures used to collect information with a given accuracy and frequency, process it, sort it, analyze it and evaluate it with timely delivery to competent persons for making effective marketing decisions.
The marketing information system allows you to:
Gain competitive advantages;
- reduce financial risks;
- determine the market opportunities of the enterprise;
- identify favorable conditions;
- assess the state of the internal and external environment;
- evaluate and increase customer confidence in the company’s services;
- confirm or refute management’s assumptions;
- increase operational efficiency;
- be able to detect potential threats early;
- evaluate and monitor the implementation of plans, as well as promptly adjust them.
A marketing information system usually consists of the following subsystems:
Internal information subsystem;
- external information subsystem;
- marketing research subsystem.
In addition, an important element is the timely delivery of received and interpreted information to interested parties. At the same time, the cost of information must be controlled so that it systematically or always (depending on the type of information) does not exceed the benefits from its use.
The internal information subsystem allows you to accumulate and analyze the necessary information within the tourism enterprise. This information is generated by the activities of the enterprise and is constantly changing in connection with it. In this subsystem, it is important to coordinate the work of enterprise departments in order to obtain timely, complete and reliable information describing the specified characteristics. This task can be dealt with faster and more efficiently using automation software products. various types activities, including solving problems of automation of accounting (financial and managerial), accumulation of other information necessary for marketing services at tourism enterprises, data presentation and management at the enterprise.
Sources of internal information may be:
Accounting information (financial statements, synthetic and analytical accounts, primary documents, management accounting data);
- consumer complaints and complaints;
- business correspondence;
- agreements with buyers, suppliers and contractors and the history of relationships with them in various sections and groups;
- data on the payment discipline of counterparties;
- information about the reservation and the state of the room stock;
- data received directly from guests through questionnaires, phone calls, personal conversations, etc.;
- verification by a “secret guest”.
The external information subsystem is divided into information about the macroenvironment and about the microenvironment (competitive environment). In the external environment, it is important to timely monitor and evaluate innovations and trends.
The macro environment, as a rule, is outside the sphere of influence of the company itself, but the macro environment can have a significant impact on the tourism industry. To analyze the macro environment, the STEP impact model (social, technological, economic and political impacts) is used.
Sources of external marketing information can be:
Regulatory framework;
- MASS MEDIA;
- exhibitions, conferences and presentations;
- consulting firms;
- statistical information;
- personal contacts of managers;
- surveys;
- Internet.
The marketing research subsystem includes:
Defining the problem and setting goals;
- research planning processes;
- data collection and analysis;
- interpretation and presentation of research results.
Tourism enterprises can build their own MIS, but some elements of the MIS can be obtained from associations in the tourism business. At the same time, associations will be able to ensure the relevance and reliability of information with greater cost-effectiveness of information for each individual member of the association.
As part of the MIS, associations in tourism can be involved in the internal information subsystem for verification by a “secret guest”, for summarizing information by experts on working with business tourism in each accommodation facility, etc.
In the subsystem of external information, associations in tourism can be involved in almost all elements. External marketing information allows a tourism enterprise to monitor trends in the tourism market and quickly respond to them. To determine the potential and available market, assess and forecast overall market demand, and conduct international marketing research, associations in the tourism business are best suited, because in this direction there may be specific difficulties associated with the language barrier, differences in traditions, legal regulation, level of development information technologies, organization of separate licensing procedures and standards, etc. For example, the Association of Crimean Resorts annually publishes its marketing research assessing satisfaction with recreation and treatment, price-quality ratio, ways to attract tourists during the off-season, etc.
In order to achieve a competitive advantage, in addition to marketing research conducted by associations, it is advisable for a tourism enterprise to conduct its own research on the microenvironment (for example, assessing customer satisfaction) and partly on the macroenvironment (for example, to predict market share).
The association can accumulate information about unscrupulous tour operators, their managers and owners and add them to the so-called “black list”. This will avoid or reduce in the future the number of conflict situations between tourists and accommodation facilities that arise through the fault of tour operators. For example, there are often cases when from one or two to several dozen tourists arrive at an accommodation facility during the day, having paid for accommodation and meals in the accommodation facility to a tour operator, who, in turn, did not transfer this money minus commissions to the accommodation facility. In such a situation, if the accommodation facility does not accommodate them, then it suffers reputational losses, albeit unjustified ones, because the fault lies with the unscrupulous tour operator. If the accommodation facility accommodates such tourists, then financial losses may occur if the accommodation facility ultimately does not receive payment for this - in the amount of the cost of living for such tourists and profit if opportunities to accommodate another group were missed. The situation may be especially acute because arriving tourists may be foreigners, even from neighboring countries, and their tour operator is not a resident of Ukraine and has a direct agreement with the accommodation facility without intermediaries. In this case, losses may include, in addition to the above, sanctions for non-return of foreign currency earnings (the service was provided, but the currency was not received), in addition, the foreign economic activity of the enterprise may be paralyzed.
Within associations, it is relatively easy to carry out research using the method of expert assessments. Associations can become the basis for creating joint on-line booking systems. Currently, a number of important indicators in the tourism industry in general and in business tourism in particular, namely: revenue per room (RevPar), operating profit per room (GovPAR), average price per room (ADR) by category of accommodation facilities. These indicators would make it possible to make comparisons with foreign markets, identify problems and look for ways to solve them. Until the transition to collecting these data at the state level, tourism associations could calculate them based on information from their members.
The activities of associations depend on their type. It is proposed to classify tourist associations and organizations as follows:
1. By territorial basis:
Worldwide;
- international regional;
- national;
- regional.
2. According to the degree of participation of government bodies:
Official (intergovernmental);
- unofficial.
3. Depending on the statutory goals and objectives:
Universal;
- specialized.
4. By participant size:
Associations uniting small market players (Association of Small Hotels and Apartments of Ukraine);
- associations uniting major market players;
- mixed.
5. By type of participants in the tourism services market:
From the demand side (Cycling Tourists Association);
- from the supply side:
- associations of accommodation facilities;
- associations of tourism intermediaries;
- mixed.
6. By type of tourism:
Crimean Association of Rural Green Tourism;
- Association of Business Tourism of Ukraine;
- and etc.
On modern stage development of tourism in Ukraine, business tourism is of particular interest, since the volume of the Ukrainian business travel market in 2011, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council, amounted to $2.883 billion and is projected to grow by 2021 to $6.116 billion in 2011 prices. At the same time, the volume of the Ukrainian market private travel in 2011 - $6.271 billion and growth is projected by 2021 to $9.349 billion in 2011 prices. The business travel market will develop more dynamically than the private travel market, because their growth rate is one and a half times higher than that of private travel.
In February 2007, the Business Tourism Association of Ukraine was organized as “a non-profit association of Ukrainian enterprises whose activities are related to business tourism and the meeting industry, as well as enterprises and legal entities interested in the development of business tourism in Ukraine.” The Ukrainian Business Tourism Association proposes to use the Qpeople Project (Qualify people) system to solve the blacklist problem.
For business tourism, associations could accumulate information on various types of MICE events (average duration of the event, geography of participants, additional services that were in greatest demand, etc.) and generalize the experience of organizing them for experts in working with business tourism in accommodation facilities . This will encourage meetings to be held at a better level of organization, and will allow some events to be repeated in the long term by raising their level of organization. Maarten Vanneste’s book “Meeting Architecture, a manifesto” is dedicated to “the meeting architect as new profession". Martin Vanesti defines a Meeting Architect: “A meeting architect is an individual who focuses on the purpose of a potential meeting, its format and design, as well as the conceptual and practical building blocks of a meeting aimed at enhancing learning, professional communication and motivation.” event participant. He or she also knows how to measure meeting results to the 5th level - ROI. The meeting architect as described by me does not yet exist here. Final goal- formal education, certification and master's degree in meeting architecture." The five levels of meeting results are described as follows: “I see these levels as a flow: we need to see a happy (level 1) participant in order to open them up to learning (level 2) so that after the meeting they can apply what they learned, (3 ) and, therefore, have an impact on (4) the business, which ultimately generates an increase in income or a decrease in expenses (5).” In Ukraine, associations in tourism and universities, uniting strengths each other, in the context of sustainable growth of business tourism in absolute and relative terms (the share of business tourism in the sum of private travel and business tourism), partnerships should be developed in order to train graduates and improve the skills of workers who meet the requirements for a meeting architect.
Based on the results of the study, the following can be done conclusions:
Tourist associations and organizations are created to promote the development of tourism, exchange and contacts between enterprises in the tourism industry, joint development of tourism policies and active lobbying of their interests, conducting marketing research and promoting the tourism product. Tourist associations and organizations can be classified according to various criteria.
Associations in tourism within the framework of a marketing information system can be involved in the research and analysis of the external information subsystem; the competencies of associations in conducting international marketing research, compiling a “black list” of unscrupulous tour operators, their managers and owners are especially clearly visible. Within associations, it is relatively easy to carry out research using the method of expert assessments. Associations can become the basis for creating joint on-line booking systems. Currently, a number of important indicators in the tourism industry in general and in business tourism in particular are not collected in Ukraine, namely: revenue per room (RevPar), operating profit per room (GovPAR), average cost per room (ADR ) by category of accommodation facilities. These indicators would make it possible to make comparisons with foreign markets, identify problems and look for ways to solve them. Until the transition to collecting these data at the state level, tourism associations could calculate them based on information from their members.
The article suggests:
Classification of tourism associations;
- checking the quality of services provided by accommodation facilities for members of the association by “secret guest”;
- recommendations for associations to carry out, together with universities, advanced training of employees to the Meeting Architect described by Martin Vanesti;
- areas of work to improve the system of indicators in tourism.
Thus, tourism associations can become the basis for the sustainable development of the tourism industry in Ukraine. They can implement what individual participants in the tourism market cannot implement, or it would be economically infeasible or not at the quality level required.
The work of tourism associations with tour operators has been chosen as a direction for future research.
Sources and literature
1. Durovich A.P. Marketing in tourism / A.P. Durovich. – Mn.: New knowledge, 2003. – 496 p.
2. Durovich A.P. Marketing research in tourism / A.P. Durovich. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008. – 384 p.
3. Kotler F. Marketing. Hospitality / F. Kotler, J. Bowen, J. Makens. – M.: UNITY-DANA, 2005. – 1063 p.
4. Bystrov S.A. Tourism: macroeconomics and microeconomics / S.A. Bystrov, M.G. Vorontsova. – St. Petersburg: Publishing house. house “Gerda”, 2007. – 464 p.
5. Kvartalnov V.A. Tourism: textbook. / V.A. Kvartalnov. – M.: Finance and Statistics, 2006. – 336 p.
6. Economics and organization of tourism: international tourism: textbook. allowance / E.L. Dracheva, Yu.V. Zabaev, D.K. Ismayev et al.; ed.: I.A. Ryabova, Yu.V. Zabaeva, E.L. Drachevoy. – 3rd ed., rev. and additional – M.: KNORUS, 2007. – 576 p.
7. Association of Business Tourism of Ukraine: [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.mice.com.ua/
8. Project Qpeople (Qualify people): [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.qpeople.com.ua/
9. Maarten Vanneste. Meeting Architecture, a manifesto / Maarten Vanneste. – Printed by Vestagraphics, Manufactured in Poland, 2008. – 157 p.
· Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy of the Russian Federation
About the ministry. Documentation. Press center, news. Competitions and tenders. Calendar of events. Links.
· Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation (Rosturizm)
News. Legislation. Unified Federal Register. International activity. Exhibitions. Conferences and seminars. Classification of accommodation facilities. Statistics. Education.
· Committee State Duma on Economic Policy and Entrepreneurship
Information about structure and composition. Directions of legislative activity, events, link to the website of the Chairman of the Committee. The Committee includes: Subcommittee on Tourism, Expert Council on the Development of the Tourism Services Market, Expert Council on the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises.
· Committee of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation on entrepreneurship in the field of tourism, resort, recreation and hotel activities
Regulations on the Committee. Structure. Work plans. Reports. Meetings. News and events. Legislative activity. State policy in the field of development of tourism and resort business in Russia.
· Expert Council under the Federal Antimonopoly Service for the Development of Competition in the Sphere of Tourism
Regulations on the Council. Compound. Minutes of meetings.
· Russian Union of Travel Industry (RST)
About the union and its projects. Types of tourism. Information about tourism opportunities in countries and regions of Russia, maps. Legislation, legal online consultation. Tips for tourists. Section for travel industry professionals. News. Special offers. Air and railway schedules. Vacancies in the tourism industry. Exhibitions, forums. Documents and articles. Links.
Association of Tour Operators of Russia (ATOR)
About the association and its projects. News. Legal service. Articles. Analytics. Seminars and exhibitions. Information and advice for tourists. Vacancies in the tourism industry. Special offers. Forum. Links.
· Commission of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs on Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Industry
Composition of the commission. News.
· Association of Active Tourism (AAT)
News. Search for a tour. Routes. Recommendations. Activity. Descriptions of types of active tourism. Photo gallery.
· Association of Business Travel (Russian Business Travel Association – RBTA)
Advisory, expert-analytical and educational forum subjects of the business tourism market and the MICE industry in Russia.
Association of Resorts and Tourism Stavropol Territory
About the region, cities and regions. Types of tourism. Tourist infrastructure and resources. Tourism development. Calendar of events. News. Cards. Forum. Photo gallery. Links.
· Tourist Sports Union of Russia (TSSR)
Types of sports tourism. Events calendar. News. Training of tourist personnel, documents. Personalities. Competitions, hikes, travel. Photo exhibitions.
· National Academy of Tourism (NAT)
Association of scientific and practical workers in the tourism sector.
· Non-profit partnership "Sankurtur"
Catalog. Treatment profiles. Medical consultations. Search. Reviews. Documentation. Forum. Links.
· Russian Hotel Association (RGA)
Association, tourism and hotel news. Hotel catalog and ordering service. Archive of the magazine "Parade of Hotels".
· Federation of restaurateurs and hoteliers of Russia (FRIO)
Member Directory. Activity. Press center. Legislation.
· United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Catalog of member countries. Programs. Regional offices. News. Activity. Statistics.
· World Association of Travel Agencies (WATA)
Member Directory. Activity. Forum. Special offers.
· World Federation of Travel Agents Associations (UFTAA)
News. Membership. Congresses. Press releases. Events. Links.
· World Federation of Tourist Guides Associations (WFTGA)
Membership. Information. Trainings. Publications. Convention. Photo gallery. Links.
· World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)
Member Directory. News. Activities and Events. Activity. Research. Center for Documentary Sources. Statistics.
· Interactive Travel Service Providers Association (ITSA)
Member Directory. Press releases. News. Information.
· Association of Corporate Travel Executives (ACTE)
Member Directory. Programs. Events calendar. Reviews and white papers. Publications. Data bank for personnel selection.
· International Association Antarctic tour operators
About the association, membership rules, documents. Reviews on types of tourism in the Arctic, statistics. Photo gallery. Press releases.
Confederation of Youth, Student and Educational Tourism (WYSET)
Member Directory. Publications. Press releases. Participation in events.
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
Member Directory. Working groups and committees. Activity. Services and consultations. Events. Trainings. Press center. News.
· International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism (AIEST)
Member Directory. Conference minutes. Magazine "Tourist Review". Links.
International Travel Fairs Association (ITTFA)
Member Directory. Exhibition calendar. Handbook for exhibition organizers.
International organization for vocational training in the field of tourism (AMFORT)
Links to research, educational and training centers, scientific sources. Publications. Vacancies and personnel selection. News.
· International Gay and Lesbian Travel Association (IGLTA)
On-line search for directions, tour operators, accommodation facilities, airlines, etc. Calendar of events. Press releases. Statistics. Advertising. Video recordings.
International Bus Tourism Federation (RDA)
Membership. RDA Newspaper. Events. Activity. Links.
· International Federation of Journalists and Writers for Tourism (FIJET)
Member Directory. Newspaper FIJET. Photo reports of events. Events archive.
International Federation of Tour Operators (IFTO)
Member Directory. News and publications. Links.
· International Bureau for Social Tourism (BITS)
About social tourism. News and information. Links, documents, bibliography. Member Directory. Photo gallery.
· International Tourism Alliance (AIT)
Promoting types of tourism. International travel documents. Membership.
· Society of Incentive Travel Leaders (SITE)
Branches. Educational programs. Events. Membership. Forum. Photo gallery. Press releases. Links.
· World Student and Educational Tourism Confederation (WYSE)
About the confederation. Mission. Publications, press releases, documents. Activity.
· European Travel Commission (ETC)
Member Directory. Annual report. Popularization of Europe abroad. Statistics. Events. Ecotourism. Press releases. Links.
· European Federation for Farm and Rural Tourism (Eurogites)
Catalog of member countries. News.
· Confederation of national associations of hoteliers and restaurateurs of EU countries (HOTREC)
Member Directory. Policy and strategy. News and publications. Classification of hotel categories in EU countries.
· African Tourism Association (ATA)
List of events. Photo gallery. Releases and publications. Links. Membership. Travel online magazine.
· Arab World Tourism and Travel Association (AWITTA)
Information by country. Membership.
Confederation of Tourist Organizations of Latin America (COTAL)
Member Directory. Congresses. Reports of the executive committee. Exhibitions.
· Pacific Travel Agencies Association (PATA)
News. Events. Information. Publications. Member Directory. About Asia-Pacific
On one's own
17. Transport support for tourism
Tourism involves the movement of people from one place to another, both within a country and abroad. Legislation European countries consider transportation to be one of the main services provided to the traveler, along with accommodation services.
Standard international classification means of transport, developed on the basis of UN proposals, is given in the Recommendations on Tourism Statistics (WTO, 1994). This classification can be used for both domestic and international tourism. It consists of two levels – category (mode of transport) and category defining the vehicle.
1. Air transport: scheduled flights; unscheduled flights; other air transport
2. Water transport: passenger lines and ferries; cruises; others.
3. Land transport: railway transport; intercity and city buses, other public transport; private cars with a capacity of up to 8 people; rental of vehicles; other means of land transport.
Railway transport. The advent of railways revolutionized travel. The railroad offered cheap and fast transportation compared to horses and ships. Some years railways were used exclusively for transporting goods before the idea of transporting people arose.
The basis of the activity of railway passenger transport is the implementation of international and domestic transportation between cities or regions, i.e. provision of transportation services. According to international rules, the services of sleeping cars are classified as collective accommodation services, and the services of dining cars are classified as catering services.
The cost of transportation services includes: payment for the right to travel along the road a certain distance according to the transportation tariff; the cost of a reserved seat (a passenger’s right to a berth in carriages of various classes); insurance payment; commission fee for pre-sale services, etc.
Quality of service at railway transport depends on the type of train (mail, passenger, fast, company) and the class of accommodation (in a general carriage, reserved seat, hard, soft, as well as in a direct 1st class sleeping carriage).
Bus transportation. Integrated into vast networks of intercity and urban routes, buses transport more people and serve more settlements than trains and planes combined. The bus industry earns billions of dollars annually by transporting travelers long and short distances. IN last years it was focused on developing programs related to tours.
To attract passengers, many bus companies offer tour packages and bus rental services. The following types of tours are offered:
- charter – usually used by clubs, organizations or other formed groups for a day trip to a sporting event, museum, shopping center, etc. They usually include accommodation, meals, and excursions. On a charter trip, the group is usually not accompanied by anyone;
- accompanied – trips of planned groups. Escorted tours range from five days to four weeks and include hotel accommodations and, in most cases, meals. The group is accompanied by a leader throughout the entire trip;
- independently formed groups - visiting several cities or interesting places on regular buses. Excursions and hotel accommodation included;
- flexible – a trend in the bus tour industry, characterized by combination with other modes of transport.
The main attractive feature of buses, compared to other types of public transport, is for a long time their cost remained low. However, despite the fact that the bus is still cheaper than the train, air travel prices in Lately significantly lower to compete with bus companies, especially for trips over 500 miles.
Instead of continuing to compete with airlines for passengers, several bus companies have decided to join them by developing a system of "flexible tickets", i.e. An airline may offer a ticket that includes air travel to the main airport and transportation of passengers by bus from the airport. Bus tickets can be purchased through several distribution channels. For short distances, passengers buy tickets directly at stations before departure or from drivers. Many bus companies join computer reservation systems, thus accepting requests long before the departure date. You can also purchase tickets for bus trips - escorted, charter, independently arranged, flexible - from travel agents or through a travel broker.
Car rental. Car rental companies are divided into two main types of operation: corporate and licensed. Most large firms operate corporately. They buy cars and rent them to consumers. After a car has driven 18,000 to 25,000 miles, companies sell them at used car prices directly to the consumer or to used car companies. In addition, under the "sell back" program, used vehicles are returned to the manufacturers.
Large car rental companies have offices in both cities and suburbs, but most of them are still concentrated at airports. The location of the company, convenient for clients, significantly increases the number of cars leased.
Sea travel (cruises)). The cruise industry took a significant place in the tourism market in the early 1970s. and continues to develop. The number of operating routes has increased significantly over the past decade. Cruise routes cover all possible coastal locations - from Alaska to the ice of Antarctica and meet a wide variety of needs. All major routes offer flexible prices to attract tourists with different levels income. Many cruise lines offer off-season discounts if the customer has booked the trip in advance or if they are repeating the cruise.
A cruise is a unique tourism product that combines transportation and program (destination). Almost every cruise ship calls at multiple ports during its voyage. This represents the transport element of the cruise product. On most cruises, the main attraction is the ship itself. The ship provides the tourist with the service of a resort hotel and the pleasure of relaxing on land. Large liners have up to ten or more decks. Passengers are usually accommodated on the lower decks; above there are common areas, swimming pools, etc. On ships cruising to warm countries, the upper deck is open. Cabins can be “external” or “internal”. The “external” ones have portholes, while the “internal” ones facing the central corridor have no natural lighting. Currently, cruise organizers prefer ships with as many “outside” cabins as possible.
There are four main factors that set the price of a cruise: length of the cruise; season; location and size of the cabin; type of ship.
Air travel. The airplane became the symbol of travel. Air transport, having connected the world, opened new horizons for millions of people, allowed residents of different countries and different continents meet face to face, relax on distant islands, participate in international events and projects.
In the past, airlines were classified as local, regional, national and international. Currently, classification is based on annual turnover. The largest carriers have a turnover exceeding 1 billion dollars, national carriers - from 100 million to 1 billion, large regional ones - from 10 million to 100 million, medium ones - less than 10 million dollars.
Air carriers provide service both on and off schedule. Most airlines operate according to schedule, i.e. every departure and landing takes place at known time. Unscheduled flights, called charter flights, provide air transportation at lower prices than scheduled flights. Aircraft can only be used as charter aircraft or rented on regular airlines.
General aviation provides both general and specialty services. There are six categories: air taxis operating as charters (these can be special aircraft at airports, even single- and twin-engine); airplanes belonging to enterprises and firms for transporting production personnel, as well as helicopters; special aircraft for aerial photography, firefighting, medical, etc.; aircraft for training professional pilots; private jets for business and travel; sports planes.
When purchasing an air ticket, an air transportation contract is concluded. According to the agreement, the aviation enterprise (carrier) undertakes to transport the passenger and his luggage (of a certain weight) to the destination, providing a seat on the aircraft performing the flight specified in the ticket, and if the passenger checks in luggage, to deliver the latter to the destination and hand it over to the person , authorized to receive.
Transportation documents are: when transporting passengers - a ticket; when transporting a passenger's belongings as luggage - a luggage receipt.
Each airline determines its own rules for transporting people and cargo. These rules must comply with the national legislation of the country through which the travel route passes, and international bilateral and multilateral treaties.
In any airline in the world there are three main classes, each of which has its own letter designation on the ticket: first (P); business class (C); economy class (U). The cost of an air ticket depends primarily on the tariff. There are normal and special rates.
Decay Soviet Union and the emergence of new sovereign states urgently required new approaches and joint coordination in the field of regulation of the social sphere, including recreation and tourism. An important role in the territory of member countries CIS played by international regional tourism organization – Association of Tourist Organizations "EuroAsia". This association, created in 1992, currently has 106 permanent members from 11 CIS countries. The main task of the Association was the restoration of the common tourism space of the CIS.
In addition to this organization, the CIS member countries created Tourism Council of the States Parties to the Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Tourism . The Tourism Council plays a coordinating role in the development of cooperation in the field of tourism in the CIS. Its activities are aimed at expanding economic and cultural ties between the states of the Commonwealth through events held at the national and international levels, and actively contributes to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of tourism. The Agreement on Cooperation of the CIS Countries in the Field of Education of May 15, 1992 (Article 2) defines direct partnerships in this area, including tourist and excursion activities of students, students and teachers, organization of joint work and recreation.
In Art. 2, 32 of the CIS Charter define its goals, including the implementation of close cooperation in political, defense, economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural and other fields, including in the field of tourism and international travel.
As part of the unified state aviation search and rescue military air service of the CIS, the satellite communications radio beacon of the Sarsat-Cosmos system provides assistance to groups of tourists going on routes across the territory of the CIS countries. The Joint Stock Insurance Company of the Red Cross (ASIC) enters into agreements to provide assistance to tourist groups in emergency situations.
The IPA Commission of the CIS countries on culture, science and education in July 1993 considered tourism issues in order to develop specific measures and create favorable conditions for free movement, communication and contacts of citizens of the CIS member countries, the development of tourism and travel and, above all, simplification of tourism formalities. The rights and responsibilities of tourists and the local population in the host country were considered, as well as the basics of security that must be fulfilled not only by tourists, but also by the local administration and workers in the tourism service sector. It is necessary to unify such rules and responsibility for their compliance.
In October 1994, the IPA CIS adopted a recommendatory legislative act “On the basic principles of cooperation of the CIS member states in the field of tourism”, which for the first time defined the fundamental terms and concepts, the principles of state regulation of relations in the field of tourism, the legal basis for tourism activities, sufficient for the development of relevant national laws in all CIS countries.
On November 1, 1996, the Bureau of the Interparliamentary Committee of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation (which includes the speakers of the parliaments of these states) adopted an Appeal to the heads of state, parliaments, and governments of the CIS countries on the development of tourism ties. It contained a proposal to provide government support in the development and implementation of a program for the development of tourism relations between countries. The main goals of the program are the creation within the CIS of a highly efficient and competitive tourism complex, providing ample opportunities to meet the needs of citizens for a variety of tourism services, as well as the formation of a modern regulatory framework and the foundations of an interstate system, within the CIS, for regulating tourism activities.
In 1998, the Transport Union for International Road Transport between the member states of the CIS Customs Union was formed. The 1997 Convention on the International Carriage of Passengers and Luggage by Road has been further developed. Thus, irregular transportation of passengers by bus between the states parties to the treaty or in transit is documented using forms issued for each trip (Article 4). The passenger is issued a ticket and a baggage receipt of the established form, agreed upon by the competent authorities of the parties (Article 5). Transportation of passengers and cargo carried out by one of the parties through the territory of the state of the other party, as well as vehicles performing these transportations, are exempt from taxes and fees associated with the use or maintenance of roads, ownership or use of vehicles, except for fees for the use of toll roads when availability of alternative free roads (Article 11).
The economic potential for tourism development is practically unlimited, but it requires significant investment and costs.
Due to international competition, the costs of developing the tourism industry are rising in both developing and industrialized countries, where tourism is considered as one of the forms regional development. Under these conditions, various organizational structures for managing the tourism service sector are being created in states.
In accordance with the liberalization policy pursued by the Republic of Belarus and other CIS countries, a significant number of travel agencies and firms have emerged that provide travel services for travel abroad, in most cases on a barter basis.
1. Describe the process of international coordination of the activities of states in the field of tourism and international travel.
2. Which international organizations are involved in the coordination process in the tourism sector?
3. Name regional international associations and unions in the field of tourism.
4. List the legal forms of cooperation between national associations and administrations of the CIS countries in the field of tourism.
5. Tell us about the goals of the World Tourism Organization and the legal forms of its activities.
Topics for abstracts:
1. Role international organizations on regulation in tourism.
2. International legal activities of the World Tourism Organization.
3. Rulemaking of the United Nations and its importance in the development of tourism.
4. Regional tourism associations and unions in the CIS countries and their impact on the development of tourism.
