In modern capitalist society, for stable development of tourism, only state assistance in the form of federal programs is not enough. Travel agencies themselves are looking for ways to solve problems. For this, they are united in alliances, societies, etc. One of the most famous is the Russian Union of Tourism.
Russian Soyuz Tourism (PCT) - the largest entrepreneurial association of the industry, which includes more than 1000 organizations of the tourist industry, hotel farm, the spa complex, as well as transport, insurance, consulting companies, educational establishments, Regional Associations and Tourism Management Bodies, Means mass media, regularly cover the development of tourism.
The organization was created on July 25, 1993 and until 2002. The Russian Association was called travel agencies (Rata). In accordance with the decision of the VIII Congress, the Rata Association was transformed into the Russian Union of Tourishdustria. This decision was dictated, firstly, the actual composition of the members of the organization, and secondly, the nature of the economic and legal relations established in the field of tourism as an inter-sectoral economic complex.
Being a non-profit organization, PCT protects the corporate interests of its members and the rights of customer service. The Union considers its most important task to be the creation of a civilized tourism market and promoting the development of domestic tourism at the federal and regional levels.
In the structure of PCT 14 regional offices: Buryat, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarskoye, Crimean, Nizhny Novgorod, Primorskoye, Rostov, Samara, North-West, Stavropol, Tver, Udmurt, Khabarovskoye and Central Chernozem. There are representative offices in the UK, Germany, Israel, USA and Canada. Within the framework of the PCT, committees and commissions work: according to inland tourism, in inbound tourism, for children and youth tourism, bus, air transport, sanatorium-resort, etc.
One of the main activities of PCT is to participate in the formation of a regulatory framework for the development of the sphere of tourism. Adopted in 1996 federal law "On the basics of tourist activity in Russian Federation"It was largely prepared by the Union experts. On the basis of the Mathematical Law on the Development of Tourism, developed by the North-West Department of the Republic of Tourism, the relevant legislative acts were taken in almost a third of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. PCT actively participates in the development of other regulatory, including by-laws, federal and regional programs for the development of tourism.
The other major areas of work of the Union include participation in the resolution of the conflict situations that arise in the market, improve the system of tourism formalities, training, and the sectoral system of statistical accounting and reporting, accounting and taxation, attraction of investments for development tourist infrastructure, Advertising and informational support for the promotion of the Russian tourist enterprise in the domestic and foreign markets.
Professional tourist associations
Professional associations are created in order to solve issues by joint efforts to solve issues, none of the stakeholders are not able to solve themselves. Travel enterprises, in contrast to other components of the tourist industry, highly mobile and have small revs. With the exception of leading tour operators who combine hundreds and thousands of smaller travel agencies, tourist enterprises can be attributed to small business, the administrative and economic resource of which is limited. At the same time, as in any other industry of the economy, there are certain corporate problems in the tourism industry, from which all the subjects of this type of activity will benefit. For example, the issue of developing service standards in hotels, advertising and promotion of a joint product, conducting market research or information support of the industry can only be solved by joint efforts. These considerations and formed the basis of the consolidation process of individual travel enterprises in the Association and Unions with the authority delegation to them to protect the interests of participants at the national and international levels. Associations take on some functions government agencies management of tourism, in particular coordination of tourist enterprises.
Tourist enterprises who have achieved some success seek to join professional international or national associations, membership in which not only contributes to the expansion of the professional worldview of the members, but also changes their image at the national tourist market.
Briefly describe international associations and alliances that play the most prominent role in the post-war history of tourism.
International organizations.
The International Association on Excursion Services and Tours (Ista) - unites firms that are engaged in excursion services. The Association was created in 1953 the main activity is the annual publication of the tariff reference book of tours and sightseeing service in which alphabetical order For countries, information about programs and prices of tours organized by members of the ISTA are submitted.
International Tourist Alliance (AIT) - an international tourist organization that is valid members of which are national automotive associations and tourist clubs, uniting individual members, or national federations consisting of tourist associations. Members who join - organizations that do not unite tourists or tourist associations, but wish to assist AGT and the purpose of which is to develop tourism.
The organization was created in 1919 the goal - the development of all species international Tourism and autotourism. The main activity is carried out by three permanent commission: the Commission on Policy Making, Transport Commission and the Customs Commission.
International Federation of Journalists and Tourism Writers (Fijet) - its members of the national associations of journalists and writers who are engaged in tourism issues. There is also a category of individual and dual members. Fijet created 1954 The goal is the propaganda of the humanistic principles of international tourism, the establishment of friendly business contacts between journalists and writers, protecting their professional interests.
The International Academy of Tourism has been established in 1951 for the purpose of propaganda and protect the cultural values \u200b\u200bof tourism, the preservation and development of its humanistic traditions. The activities of the Academy lies in coordination of work on the publication of the dictionary of tourist terms, the journal "Bulletin of the Academy", brochures and research on the cultural and humanistic problems of tourism, as well as in the conduct of printed work contests on cultural and tourism.
International Association of Hotels and Restaurants (IN & RA) founded 1946 and is heiress International Association Hotel owners, founded 1869 and 1921 transformed into an international hotel alliance. The Secretariat and Headquarters of the Association are located in Paris (France).
The following main tasks are defined by the charter:
Association of national hotel associations of all countries, as well as individual hotels and restaurants serving foreign tourists;
Protection of personal and professional interests of hotel owners and restaurants;
Development of the hotel industry, studying the issues of freedom of movement, the management of the hotel industry, international financial calculations, insurance, the provision of workforce, etc.;
Informing members of the Association about hotels, restaurants and travel firms.
International Campgrounds and Caravangi Federation (FIKK) - an international tourist organization whose members are the national federations and camping associations and caravanga. When ficked, there are a tourist information center and several specialized commissions. Annually ruled by the rules. The fickey secretariat is located in Brussels (Belgium).
The International Association of Tourism Experts (AiSte) is an international tourist organization, which unites both individual members - persons engaged in scientific activities in the field of tourism and associate members - organizations and institutions interested in AiSate's activities. The organization has the nature of the scientific community and its goal is supported by scientific activity His members, ensuring the exchange of documentation and experience, supporting the activities of travel scientific institutions and centers for the preparation of tourist personnel. The Secretariat AiSte is located in Bern (Switzerland).
International Organization professional learning in tourism (Amfort) created 1969 in order to improve the methods of professional tourism training, streamlining and standardization of programs, introducing technical tools. Amphort members have research centers and educational institutions, official tourist organizations and enterprises, tourism specialists. At the initiative of Amfort, an international certificate of tourism specialist was issued. The Amfort Secretariat is located in Madrid (Spain).
Regional associations. Tourist Association of the Pacific region (Pata) - a non-governmental international tourist organization, uniting more than 2,200 members from 64 countries, which represent national tourist organizations, transport and hotel AssociationsTravel wholesalers and retail firms, as well as various organizations, bandages related to the tourism industry. The Association was founded 1951 The main purpose of the PATA is to promote the development of tourism in the Pacific area. Path headquarters is located in San Francisco (USA).
Confederation of travel organizations of Latin America (Kotal) is the regional tourist organization of Latin American countries, which unites more than 900 Latin American tourist firms, transport and hotel companies, as well as 350 tourist firms and organizations of Asia, Africa, America, Europe. Founded in April 1957 the main task of Kotal is to combine the activities of all travel companies, companies and national tourist associations to develop the tourist industry of Latin America. The Cotal Secretariat is posted in Buenos Aires (Argentina).
European Tourist Commission (ETC) Created 1948 by its members are national tourist organizations 23h european countries. The purpose of the organization is to contribute to the involvement of foreign tourism to Europe, especially from the USA, Canada, Japan, as well as within European tourism. The ETC Secretariat is located in Dublin (Ireland).
Association of European tourist firms - wholesalers (Goyeto). In Goyto there are six categories of membership: 1) employees of tour operators with work experience at least 25 years; 2) at least 10 years; 3) Founder member, completed work in tourism; 4) members who have joined five years of experience; 5) associate members with five years of experience in organizations related to tourism; 6) Honorary Members elected by the Goyeto Council. The goal goeto is the exchange of information and the establishment of contacts between tourist enterprises. The Secretariat of Goyeto is located in Cannes (France).
Trade union and youth organizations
The International Bureau of Social Tourism (VITs) is a non-governmental international tourist organization, which is the actual members of which are international and national organizations whose activities are associated with social tourism; Members of the joining groups and organizations that are engaged in useful for social tourism activities. Created 1963 in order to facilitate the development of social tourism internationally. Under social tourism, this is understood by all phenomena that arise from participation in the tourism of the segments of the population with modest income. The Beats Secretariat is located in Brussels (Belgium).
Associations of travel agencies
Associations of tourist agencies exist in more than 80 countries. The main tasks are: compliance with the interests of travel agents in relations with government agencies, transport and hotel organizations, studying the tourist market, exchange of experience and establishing business contacts.
Depending on the country and its tourist potential, the national travel agent associations are combined from 6-7 to 20,000 members.
The largest national travel agent associations is the American Society of Tourist Agents (ACTA), the Association of British Tourist Agents of France (SNA), the Union of Canadian Travel Associations (Act), National Spanish Association, Union of German Travel Bureau (DRV), Australian Federation of Travel Agents (AFTA), Japanese Association of Tourist Agents (Jati).
Check questions and tasks
1. What is the essence and what are the structure and tools of state regulation of international tourism activities?
2. Describe the main mechanisms for supporting the development of international tourism.
3. Name the main features legal regulation International tourist activities in different countries.
4. List the tasks "which are facing the certification in tourism.
5. Why do I need standardization in international tourism?
6. What is "licensing tourist activity" and what are the features of licensing tourist activity in different countries?
7. What are the features of tax regulation of international tourism activities in different countries.
8. Describe the features of the state's investment policy regarding international tourism.
9. How does the state participate in resolving training issues for tourism scope?
10. Why should the state should conduct special environmental policies regarding international tourism?
11. What questions regarding the field of activities of travel companies are solved at the level of general legislation "What is the subject of tourist regulatory acts?
12. What is the difference between the Commission agreements and agency contracts used in tourist practice?
13. How do the activities of travel firms are solved in Spain?
14. How does French tourist legislation protect the rights of consumer in tourism?
15. Name the reasons for "encouraging enterprises of the tourism industry to unite into professional associations and unions.
16. What purpose is the leading professional associations of tourism sphere?
Decay Soviet Union And the emergence of new sovereign states urged new approaches and coordination in the field of social regulation of the social sphere, including recreation and tourism. An important role in the territory of member countries CISplaying an international regional tourist organization – Association of Travel Organizations Euroeny. This Association, established in 1992, currently has 106 permanent members from 11 CIS countries. The main task of the association was the restoration of the total tourist space of the CIS.
In addition to this organization, the CIS member countries have created Tourism Council of Member States Agreement on cooperation in the field of tourism . The Tourism Council complies a coordinating role in the development of cooperation in the field of tourism in the CIS space. Its activities are aimed at expanding economic and cultural ties between the Commonwealth States within the framework of activities carried out at the national and international levels, and actively contributes to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of tourism. Agreement on cooperation between the CIS countries in the field of education dated May 15, 1992 (Art. 2) identified direct partnerships in this area, including tourist and excursion activities of students, students and teachers, the organization of joint work and recreation.
In art. 2, 32 of the CIS Charter is determined by its goals, including the implementation of close cooperation in the political, defense, economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural and other areas, including in the field of tourism and international travel.
Within the framework of the Unified State Aviation Search and Rescue Air Services of the CIS, the Sarsat-Cosmos Radiomayak system provides assistance to groups of tourists leaving routes on the territory of the CIS countries. Joint-stock insurance company of the Red Cross (ASOCC) concludes agreements on assisting tourist groups in emergency situations.
The CIS Commission of the CIS countries on Culture, Science and Education in July 1993 considered tourism issues in order to develop concrete measures and creating favorable conditions for free movements, communication and contacts of citizens of CIS member countries, tourism and travel countries, and, above all, Simplifying tourist formalities. The rights and obligations of the tourist and the local population in the host country, as well as the basics of security, which should be carried out not only by tourists, but also by the local administration, employees of the tourist service sector are considered. The unification of such rules and responsibility for their observance is necessary.
In October 1994, MPA CIS adopted a recommendation legislative act "On the basic principles of cooperation between the CIS participating States in the field of tourism", first identifying the fundamental terms and concepts, the principles of state regulation of relations in the field of tourism, the legal basis of tourist activities sufficient to develop relevant national laws in all CIS countries.
On November 1, 1996, the Bureau of the Inter-Parliamentary Committee of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation (which includes speakers of these states of these States) adopted appeal to the heads of states, parliaments, the governments of the CIS countries on the development of tourist connections. It contained a proposal to provide state support in the development and implementation of a program for the development of tourist relations between countries. The main objectives of the program are the creation of a highly efficient and competitive tourist complex within the CIS, which provides ample opportunities to meet the needs of citizens in a variety of tourist services, as well as the formation of a modern regulatory framework and the foundations of the interstate system, within the framework of the CIS, tourist regulation.
In 1998, the Transport Union of the International Automobile Message between the States Parties to the CIS Union was formed. The Convention on the International Automobile Transport of Passengers and Baggage of 1997 received its further development. Thus, the irregular transportation of passengers by buses between the States parties to the contract or transit is issued by the formulations issued for each trip (Art. 4). The passenger is issued a ticket and the luggage receipt of the established sample agreed by the competent authorities of the Parties (Article 5). Transportation of passengers and goods carried out by one of the parties on the territory of the country of the other party, as well as motor vehicles performing these transportations, are exempt from taxes and fees related to the use or maintenance of roads, ownership or using auto vehicleexcept fees for using paid roads in the presence of alternative free roads (Art. 11).
Economic potential for the development of tourism is almost unlimited, but it requires significant investment and costs.
Due to international competition, the cost of the development of the tourism industry is growing in both developing and industrialized countries, where tourism is considered as one of the forms. regional Development. Under these conditions, various organizational structures of the management of the tourist service sector are being created in states.
In accordance with the Liberalization Policy held by the Republic of Belarus and other CIS countries, a significant number of tourist agencies have been formed, firms providing tourist services for traveling abroad in most cases on a barter basis.
Control questions:
1. Describe the process of international coordination of the activities of States in the field of tourism and international travel.
2. What international organizations participate in the process of coordination in the field of tourism?
3. Name the regional international associations and alliances in tourism.
4. List the legal forms of cooperation between national associations and administrations of the CIS countries in the field of tourism.
5. Tell us about the goals of the World Tourist Organization and legal forms of its activities.
Themes for abstracts:
1. ROLE international organizations on regulation in tourism.
2. International legal activities of the World Travel Organization.
3. The normation of the United Nations and its significance in the development of tourism.
4. Regional tourist associations and alliances in the CIS countries and their impact on the development of tourism.
MOU DOD DC "Harmony"
Chanovsky district of the Novosibirsk region
Educational program
tourist association
"Trail"
Calculated for children from 11 to 16 years.
Imported within three years.
Pedagogue additional education Children
D. Osintsevo
Explanatory note.
Tourism resources are huge and still not studied. But everywhere where the tourist association is present, where skillfully, tourist towers or hiking are organized, marked positive influence Tourism on the health of children, on the development of their confidence in their strength and knowledge. On the modern stage The life of our society is the problem of health of the nation and in particular the health of school children takes a special place. Every year more and more children with various diseases come to schools. When children finish study at school, the percentage of sick children increases. School tourism is able to strengthen the health of children. Distracts them from disastrous habits (smoking, alcohol, drug addiction) and criminal groupings. It helps to rally multiple groups into a single team, to develop such quality necessary in the future life, as cohesion, mutual understanding, mutual assistance, weak help, the ability to navigate in different extreme conditions.
Tourism in high school is developing in direct communication with general educational tasks. The creative association includes children from 5 to 11 sklass. Nowadays, the teenager is often deprived of self-realization. Large loads at school, aggressive psychological pressure on the part of the media, often form a selfish, consumer attitude towards peace, make it defenseless before real life. Tourism helps to raise a person from a teenager. At this age, children are interested in their own abilities, self-esteem is formed. The child tries to take his place in the team. It is necessary to give him the opportunity to do any kind of activity, otherwise then rely on the appearance of a proper appeal to people, to himself, to his professional skills and responsibilities. One of the most efficient means to order your own nature to acquire moral and moral life values \u200b\u200band landmarks are tourism classes.
So - school tourism inseparable from a deeper study of nature native region, folk traditions and customs. And this means that work is underway not only by recovery, but also by patriotic, aesthetic education of students. Restressed to the careful attitude towards the world, native nature, the native land, to each other, to his homeland. The courage, patriotism, the ability to seek conceived, defeat the opponent and their weaknesses, "keep a blow" (play). Personal example of a teacher. In tourism, the teacher is not an observer, but an active participant, he constantly teaches all his behavior and raises. In the process of passing this program, the pupil learns to navigate the terrain, recognize medicinal and poisonous plants, to put and collect a tent, to dry fires, prepare food on hiking conditions, provide first prefigure assistance to the victim. It should be noted that additional education really complements school education at the practical level. It is well known that knowledge of the theory, not supported by the practice, nothing is worth. In addition, students receive and concepts about various new sciences, such as toponymics and others. Tourist training in the school is the most important factor in the integrated education of the younger generation and their attachment to work.
The program "Trophop" is educational - developing in nature and is aimed at disclosing the individual psychological characteristics of students, mastering tourist skills, allowing to live freely and focus in nature, to independently prepare and conduct a campaign. Present educational program To occupy tourism based on MOU Osintseskaya School of Chain district of the Novosibirsk region, taking into account its location, surrounding landscape and material equipment of the association of tourist equipment. This program is relevant, especially for our locality and in demand. Tourist work is given not enough attention, so the program "Trail" will help to make it more tightly. Trying to raise tourist work for the proper height.
Tourist work is carried out in our school for 4 years, classes are held in class and in nature. Work is carried out with pupils having medical admission to tourism. The composition of students is permanent, because children are interested. Here, children from low-income families feel comfortable, students are weak in study, which offended at school, found their place, because They are more adapted to life in a street environment and we are only their interests in the right direction. Set of children free, children come to us at their own request. Classes form: group, collective, individual.
All children, regardless of age features, are combined into general group. The training program is designed for 3 years.
Methods: At each stage, the implementation of the program is used the most wide spectrum Methods providing the most efficient assimilation of the material by each pupil. Specific methods of work I choose according to the composition of the group, its studies, personal capabilities. Thus, theoretical classes are reasonably in the form of conversations, lectures - consultations, using visual materials, combining theory with practice, field lessons - seminars, workshops (including individual), creative, experimental practical work on the ground. Great importance For a tourist-local history circle has a sightseeing method. The word "excursion" points to the exit, care from home. From this point of view, even 10 minutes, exit with students in the school garden, there is already an excursion. The excursion expands the horizon, enriches new knowledge. The knowledge gained on excursions is preceded and accompanied by a number of motor sensations - from walking to run, lasagna and in general all kinds of movement. It is said that a person is learned on the road.
In the classes preceding the excursion, it is necessary to give preliminary information on the issues that will be affected during the trip. You can give a task to read certain books.
When studying the topic of "Nature Protection", it should be borne in mind that the all foundation for further work should be borne by the thematic time. Schoolchildren should understand that the protection of the natural environment and the rational use of natural resources is one of the relevant, global problems. When studying the native land should be used, memories are older, the materials of the museum. Showing the territory of the native land, it can be said that the native edge is very widespread. Throughout life, people carry love for him.
When studying the tourist topic, first of all, it is worth paying attention to the material database necessary for tourist hiking. The main goal of classes on this topic is to teach young travelers to correctly select equipment and use it depending on the type of tourism and travel area, the time of year, the complexity and duration of the campaign. Depending on the specifics of local lore tasks performed on the route.
purpose: Education of a healthy, communicative, independent person, personality, aware of the decision-making, through tourist activities.
Tasks:
1. Processing :
- Education of children by the ABC of Tourism - the message of the initial information on
organizations, preparation and conduct of campaigns, basic information about the region,
knowledge of the basics of topography, hygiene, medical care, etc.
The ability to calculate the campaign.
- Formation of knowledge about walking tourism. Skills knitting knots, installation
tents, breeding and burning fire, etc.
Increasing sportsmanship through practical and theoretical
3. Developing:
- Develop cognitive interest, independence, observation,
curious, personal activity, communication skills.
To form a sustainable need for a healthy lifestyle.
Develop the ability to work with special literature.
Develop a sense of responsibility for their actions, for the entrusted business.
2. Ripping:
Education from schoolchildren of patriotism, careful attitude towards natural
and cultural heritage native edge.
- Riping students on the heroic examples of our countrymen, heroes
Great Patriotic War and Heroes of Labor.
Ways to check and summarize.
The results of the work at each stage are determined by the degree of development of practical skills based on the knowledge gained. The success criterion is determined by the result of the Group's participation in the competitions of school and district rank, as well as the personal credits of the competition group on orientation, tourism technique, everyday life and other issues of the program content. In addition, we track the results of individual psychological growth. And also hold conferences, exhibitions, KVNs and other events on which we also check the tourist knowledge and skills of pupils.
For theoretical and practical sessions, the following equipment is used:
compass-3 pcs.
tent-3 pcs.
honey first aid kit-1 pc.
topographic cards-3 com.
tables for weather observations-1 series
methodical manuals.
1 year of study - "Tourist Engine"
2 Year of study - "Tourist"
3 Year of study - "Comething Tourist"
Mode of operation:
| monday | "Comething Tourist" | 3 years of study | ||
| group "Tourist Engine" | 1 year of study | |||
| "Comething Tourist" | 3 years of study | |||
| group "Tourist Engine" | 1 year of study |
Educational and thematic plan 1 year of study.
| Theme of classes | Number of hours |
|||
| theory | practice | total |
||
| Enterprise | ||||
| Orientation on the terrain | ||||
| Technique of pedestrian tourism | ||||
| Health of participants of the hike | ||||
| Tourist knots | ||||
| Topographic preparation. | ||||
| Tourist hiking | ||||
| Educational work | ||||
| Work with parents | ||||
| TOTAL: | ||||
Topic 1. Introductory lesson:
History of the development of tourism from the period ancient Mira:
Games for acquaintance;
Filling out a questionnaire;
Acquaintance with the work plan;
Methods: conversation, survey, story.
Topic 2. Terrain orientation:
Methods of orientation (by local signs, by natural signs);
Compass, compass device, types of compasses (school, liquid);
Azimuth (direct, reverse);
Legend orientation (compass);
Orientation in the specified direction;
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: conversation, questionnaire, story, explanation, Example method.
Equipment: compasses, multimedia equipment.
Topic 3. Machinery pedestrian tourism:
Organization of self-insurance;
Hinged crossing;
Parallel ropes;
Descent, approach in a sporty way;
Overcoming swamps on bumps;
Crossing the log with self-insurance;
Pendulum crossing;
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Equipment: Rings, Karabina, Zhamar, Safety System, Pilot, Log, Multimedia Equipment.
Topic 4.
Tourist equipment:
Tourist equipment in the campaign (personal, group, storage, issuance).
Special equipment:
Rods (types of ropes);
Carbines;
Safety system.
Practical lessons:
Laying a backpack;
Installing a tent;
Bivuac breakdown in field conditions.
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Topic 5. Health of participants in the campaign:
Norms of personal and public hygiene;
Ecology and tourism.
Environmental requirements.
Environmental work in the campaign.
Poisonous plants.
The main functions of the doctor.
First aid kit: composition and storage.
Typical injuries in the campaign, their prevention and first prefigure assistance with: colds, cuts, bleeding, bruises, fractures, hurriches, burns, poisoning.
Rules for transportation of the victim
The choice of medicines from a first-aid kit and the first prefigure assistance in case of conditional injury.
Distinguishing poisonous plants from not poisonous in practice.
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Topic 6. Tourist units:
From the history of the node;
Rules for tying a node;
Elements of the node.
Types of nodes:
Nodes for binding of ropes;
Nodes for fastening on the support;
Nodes - conductors;
Control nodes;
Grabbing nodes.
Technique tying nodes.
Application in practice.
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Topic 7. Topographic training:
Determination of the term "topography, terrain".
Topographic maps (legend, scale).
Practical lessons:
Topographic dictation;
Determination of the distance on the map;
Drawing up a locality plan of a trip route scheme.
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Topic 8. Tourist hiking:
Tourist capabilities of the Chasovsky district;
Organization and preparation for the campaign of the day off;
Recruitment of the tourist group;
Distribution of responsibilities in the group;
Equipment of the tourist group;
Catering;
Hiking first-aid kit;
Paperwork.
Topic 9. Educational work:
Excursion to the District Chain Museum.
Topic 10. Work with parents:
Individual conversations with parents in order to analyze the activities of students, their success and mistakes. Preparation for the campaign of the day off.
Expected results.
1 year of study
| 1. Organize the organization and carry out a day off day. | 1. Move on the roads and trails in the group. |
| 2. Basics of tourist equipment. | 2. Organize marching, to form food formation for the campaign of the weekend. |
| 3. Basics of topography and orientation. | 3. To overcome uncomplicated, natural obstacles. |
| 4. Know dangerous and poisonous plants. | 4. Focus on the map and compass on simple terrain. |
| 5. Methods of prevention typical diseases And the main techniques and means of providing first prefigure help. | 5. To provide first prefigure medical care. |
| 6. Established behavior outside the settlements. | 6. Apply the specified knowledge in practice. |
| 7. Safety requirements in the campaign. | 7. Perform the general responsibilities of the participant of the campaign. |
| 8. The list of group and personal equipment and the rule of care for it. | |
| 9. Rules for cooking. | |
| 10. Rules for the arrangement of Bivak. | |
| 11. Norms of personal and public hygiene, environmental requirements to the group. |
Educational and thematic plan 2 years of study.
| Theme of classes | Number of hours |
|||
| theory | practice | total |
||
| Enterprise | ||||
| Orientation on the terrain | ||||
| Technique of pedestrian tourism | ||||
| Materially - technical base of the campaign. | ||||
| Health of participants of the hike | ||||
| Tourist knots | ||||
| Topographic preparation. | ||||
| Tourist hiking | ||||
| Educational work | ||||
| Work with parents | ||||
| TOTAL: | ||||
Topic 1. Introductory lesson:
Filling out a questionnaire;
Acquaintance with the work plan;
The results of the summer campaign;
Safety Instructions.
Forms: Collective.
Equipment: photo albums, multimedia equipment.
Topic 2. Terrain orientation:
Map, scale and its types
Azimuth (direct, reverse), determination of azimuth on the map and on the ground;
Legend orientation (compass) - enclosure;
Methods for determining distances to unacceptable objects;
Features of the area of \u200b\u200bthe area on sports orientation maps;
Rules for tourist competitions - indicative stages;
Wheel down route for orientation.
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Topic 3. Machinery pedestrian tourism:
The main shears of insurance;
railing for speed and quality;
Safety system (solid, thoracic, occupational), main and
auxiliary rings;
Karabina, Zhumara;
Rules for the passage of technical stages of the tourist bar obstacles:
1. rise and descent with the grabbing node;
2. Hinged crossing;
3. Parallel ropes;
4. Descent, approach in a sporty way;
5. Overcoming the swamps on the bodies;
6. Crossing the log with self-insurance;
Training and training sessions in the field for the development of elements of the technique of pedestrian tourism.
Safe behavior technique in the campaign,
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: conversation, story, explanation, example method, application in practice.
Equipment: Rings, Carabins, Zhamar, Safety System, Pilot, Log, Multimedia
Topic 4. Materially - technical base of the campaign:
The main functions of the equipment, navigator, cardographer, photographer, physician,
commandant camp;
Group Equipment: List, Storage, Care, Issuance, Acceptance.
The main functions of the deputy, heads, remmaster;
Safety technician when storing sharp and combustible objects;
Organization of food in hikes of different duration;
Rules forms, packaging and storage of products;
Rules for cooking hiking dishes;
Pitch on weight of equipment and nutrition.
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: conversation, survey, story, exercise, show
Equipment: Rings, Carabia, Safety System, Backpacks, Tents.
Topic 5. Health of participants in the campaign:
Water purification in extreme situations;
Production of personal hygiene things;
Observation of the environment;
Typical injuries in the campaign, their prevention and the provision of first prefigure assistance with: colds, cuts, bleeding, bruises, fractures, hurry, burns, poisoning (fixing);
Production of fixtures for the transfer of the victim;
The imposition of a harness and a stop of bleeding, bleeding types;
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: conversation, story, exercise, showing, cards.
Equipment: first aid kit, cards, stretcher.
Topic 6. Tourist units:
Nodes - classification by use;
Application of nodes in medicine;
Bid nodes for speed and quality;
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: Conversation, story, explanation, Example method, Show, Testing.
Equipment: Rings of various lengths and thickness, multimedia equipment.
Topic 7. Topographic training:
Topographic signs;
Ways to the image of the relief on the toplocks and sports maps
orientation;
Practical lessons:
Methods of compiling topocartes;
Topographic dictation;
Development of the route of the campaign on the map
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: conversation, story, explanation, Example method.
Equipment: topographic cards, signs.
Topic 8. Tourist hiking:
Development, preparation and conduct of a 2-day campaign;
Filling a route sheet;
Route development, identification of the goals of the campaign;
Paperwork;
Meteorological measurements and observations.
Topic 9. Educational work
Watching reservoirs. Environmental observations.
Topic 10. Work with parents:
Individual conversations with parents in order to analyze the activities of students, their success and mistakes. Preparation for the 2-day campaign. Conversation "Recovery of children in the campaign"
Expected results.
2 year of study.
| 1.Porette the actions in the preparation of multi-day hikes. | 1. Organize hiking, make up product layouts for a multi-day campaign. |
| 2. Ways to overcome various natural obstacles. | 2. To own adopts of self-insurance. |
| 3. Several tourist songs. | 3. Use multiple nodes. |
| 4. Medicinal plants. | 4. To provide first prefigure medical care. |
| 5. Basic principles of photography, reportage and landscape shooting. | 5. Suppose a description of a one-day campaign. |
| 6. The functions of all participants at all stages of preparation and conduct a hike. | 6. Turn on all stages of competitions on the technique of pedestrian tourism. |
Educational and thematic plan 3 years of study.
| Theme of classes | Number of hours |
|||
| theory | practice | total |
||
| Enterprise | ||||
| Orientation on the terrain | ||||
| Technique of pedestrian tourism | ||||
| Materially - technical base of the campaign. | ||||
| Health of participants of the hike | ||||
| Tourist knots | ||||
| Topographic preparation. | ||||
| Tourist hiking | ||||
| Educational work | ||||
| Work with parents | ||||
| TOTAL: | ||||
Topic 1. Introductory lesson:
General issues organization of work;
Conditions for participation in campaigns, requirements for participants;
Filling out a questionnaire;
Acquaintance with the work plan;
Prospects for the work of the tourist association;
Acquaintance with the "Camping Regulations";
General on the preparation and conduct of campaigns;
Study of individual psychological characteristics of students;
Safety instructions;
Development of safety safety standards during field training;
Perform a summary of the summer campaign.
Forms: Collective.
Methods: conversation, questionnaire, story, instruction.
Equipment: photo albums, multimedia equipment.
Topic 2. Terrain orientation:
Command and Individual Passage of the Tourist Route (legend orientation, in a given direction, according to the route marked on the map, on a labeled distance, in azimuth, optional);
Drafting a technical description of the route;
Card adjustment;
Route top selection;
Orientation in weather changes;
Time orientation;
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: conversation, questionnaire, story, explanation, practical classes, country competitions.
Equipment: compasses, multimedia equipment, route sheets, rules, pencils, clock.
Topic 3. Machinery pedestrian tourism:
Standards and types of loads, movement pace, planning and development of route thread;
Practical testing of elements of the tourist bar obstacles on quality and time (hinged crossing, lifting and descent in a sporting manner, lifting the capture method, lifting and descent with a sealing knot, lifting with zhumara, traverse, overcoming logs, rhombus, square, overcoming the swamp on the bumps, overcoming the swamps with the help of stories, pendulum, butterfly) in the group;
Transportation of conditionally affected through the technical stages;
Overcoming the tourist bar obstacles with homing and removal
railing for speed and quality;
Dressing in the safety system for a while;
Rules for the passage of technical stages of the tourist bar obstacles:
Safe behavior technique in the campaign;
Work on KP.
Forms: Collective, individual.
Methods: conversation, practical classes, competitions.
Equipment : Ropes, cords, safety systems, rods, carbines, zhamar, prus, multimedia equipment.
Topic 4. Materially - technical base of the campaign:
Drawing up a menu and product layouts for 2-3 - day sharing;
Weight distribution on the route;
Repair of equipment;
Development of a route 2-3 - day sharing;
Study of tourist songs;
Bivochny work.
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: conversation, survey, story, exercise, show
Equipment: Rings, Carabia, Safety System, Backpacks, Tents.
Topic 5. Health of participants in the campaign:
Drinking mode and maintaining water-salt balance in the body;
Clarification and disinfection of water;
General prevention measures;
Methods of mining fire without matches;
Basics rational nutrition and the power mode;
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: conversation, story, exercise, showing, cards.
Equipment: first aid kit, cards, stretcher.
Topic 6. Tourist units:
Tourist nodes, use in practice in tour. Check in the organization of crossing;
Nodes for tents and stretcher;
Study of nodes not previously studied;
Crank nodes for speed and quality, both in the team and personal;
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: Conversation, story, explanation, Example method, Show, Testing.
Equipment: Rings of various lengths and thickness, multimedia equipment.
Topic 7. Topographic training:
Conditional signs in their appointment (large-scale, most important, explanatory);
Determination of traces of vehicles;
Study of traces of a pedestrian;
Choosing a movement route;
Determination of the film's limitations;
Some tracking rules;
The behavior of animals and birds as a sign of the appearance of people.
Forms: individual, group, combined.
Methods: conversation, story, explanation, Example method.
Equipment: topographic cards, signs.
Topic 8. Tourist hiking:
Fulfillment of physical training standards;
Repair and manufacture of equipment;
Organization and conducting a hike with overnight stay in field conditions, standards
on the icon "Tourist of Russia", from the history of hikes;
Acquaintance with the route book ;;
Paperwork;
Passage of the Commission in the rural paramedic obstetric paragraph;
Safety instructions;
Full mastering of the algorithm for the preparation of the campaign;
Forms: collective, group.
Methods: conversation, practical classes.
Equipment: table standards, cards of the Chasovsky district.
Topic 9. Educational work
Organization of a school tour. Lead. Visiting school museums district.
Topic 10. Work with parents:
Individual conversations with parents in order to analyze the activities of students, their success and mistakes. Preparation for the 2-day campaign. Joint travel of parents and children "Mom, Dad, I - Tourist Family"
Expected results.
3 year of study.
| 1. Credit regulations of sports tourism. | 1. Catherically prepare and hold a multi-day hike and make a report on the campaign. |
| 2. Rules for the preparation and organization of multi-day campaigns. | 2. Perform the necessary environmental activities. |
| 3. Rules of participation in tourist competitions, the conditions for the implementation of tourist discharges. | 3. Render the first trial aid for all types of injuries and diseases. |
| 4. Participate in competitions in tourist all-around, carry out a variety of technical actions. |
|
| 5. Participate in the simplest rescue - transportation work. |
|
| 6. Perform the functions of any participant of the campaign. |
|
| 7. Freely focus on nature. |
Literature.
1. Yu.A. Schalkov "Tourist Health"
3. "Medicinal Plants" House of Sanitary Enlightenment.
4. S. Balenko "Survival Tutorial" (Experience of Elite Special Forces)
5. I.V. Balabanov nodes. Reference edition.
6. V.A. Skanev "Sports Applied Tourism"
7. V.G.Volovich "How to survive in an extreme situation"
8.A. Gomonechuk "Basics of Medical Knowledge"
Municipal State Institution
children's education Inzensky District Center for Children's Creativity
on the basis of MKOU Oskinskaya high school
Considered and approved at the meeting
Pedagogical Council MCU to ITSDT
Protocol number _________ from ___________
Secretary ________________________ "I approve"
Director of the MKU to ITSDT
V.N. Zaynakova __________
"____" ____________ 201 _
WORKING PROGRAMM
for tourist association for interest
Teacher of additional education
Peshekin Pavel Viktorovich
Children's age: 8-16 years
Inza
Explanatory note
Tourism is beautiful and effective tool Education of the younger generation. Tourism in our school is a massive movement of children and adolescents.
Novelty of the program. We see the main task of tourism in opening a wide space for identifying the abilities of children, make them spiritually richer, meaningful, multifaceted, to bring up a person who can confront difficulties, a real citizen of their country.
Tourist campaign, the track of the orienteering competition is not only kilometers traveled from the point "A" to the point "B", which in itself is very important, but the acquisition of vital skills. Friendship, partnership, mutual assistance are brought up here, independence, observation, the speed of the reaction, the logicality of thinking are developed. Inexperienced person, hitting a complex situation, can not always take the right decision, act competently and caution. Good tourist, Athlete - an indicative order will be able to easily sort out the complex setting.
The relevance of the program . Today, the question of the need to change its attitude towards life, to nature and ensure the appropriate education and education of a new generation is relevant.
The combination of sports orientation, local history and tourism contributes to the formation of the child's ideas about the interaction of man and ambient, skills healthy image Life, love for the native land, aspirations for tourist skill indicators.
Advanced program. This program can serve as a manual for leaders of tourist-local lore circles of any profile.
The purpose of the program - Comprehensive and harmonious personality development, education of physically and morally healthy person, the formation of logical and economic thinking.
Tasks:
Educational
Acquisition and expansion of knowledge of tourism, local history and ethnography;
Study by schoolchildren of the native land, his small homeland, the environment;
Study of the rules of behavior in nature during excursions, campaigns
Preparation of children to school, urban and district tourist-research events.
Developing
Creating conditions for meeting the interests of children, the development of the personality, the disclosure of its creative potential;
Development of tourist skills and interest in independent work;
Physical development.
Educational
Formation of a sense of love and pride to their small homeland;
Formation of a healthy lifestyle;
Education in children confidence in their significance, feelings of human dignity, understanding the value of human life and awareness of their own responsibility for the preservation of health and knowledge of a healthy lifestyle.
The program is designed for one year of study and is intended for students in grades 2-11.
During practical and theoretical studies, knowledge obtained in the lessons of the surrounding world of geography, biology, physics, and newly purchased. This is not just expanding the horizons of the guys, but also prepares them for the choice of profession, service in the army.
Classes for theoretical training are held in the school premises using tutorials (Cards, Atlases, topographic plans of terrain, compass, etc.). Practical classes are held within the villages of Oskino.
In practical classes, and especially in campaigns, the circles will be able to show their physical capabilities, creative and organizational abilities.
The program provides for three lessons per week for 2 hours.
The course includes elements of topography, sports orientation on the terrain and technique of pedestrian tourism.
In the process of learning, the guys receive theoretical knowledge:
by type of tourism;
in geography and ecology of Inzen district;
on the organization and conduct of the tourism practical skills and skills;
work with the various species kart;
organization of Bivakov, fire burning, locality orientation;
maintaining a field diary and compiling reports tourist hiking.
Check knowledge, skills, skills are carried out in the form of tests, practical tasks, sports orienteering competitions.
Thematic plan for the interests of the interests of "Tourist"
p / P.
Topics of classes
Number of classes
total
Theorem.
Stratic.
Enterprise
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
ABC Topograf.
Compass. Azimuth. Measurement of distances
Topographic signs. Topographic map
Tourist gear
Nodes
Training campaign and analysis of his results
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
On the track of sports orientation
Types and nature of locality orienteering competitions
Organization of movement in walking tourist campaign
Overcoming strip obstacles
Hygiene tourist and first trial aid
On snow-covered expanses (winter campaign)
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
The road does not end
Features orientation in a complex pedestrian travel
Technique and practice of movement in a complex pedestrian travel
Physical training of participants in a complex tourist trip
Travel trip. Disassembly.
TOTAL: (3 times a week for 2 hours) - 216 hours
Contents of the program
Topic 1. . Introductory occupation.Tourism and health.
The work plan of the association, the regime of classes and training. Materials and tools needed for classes in a circle.
Topic 2. Alphabet of the topograph.Compass. Azimuth. Distance measurement.
Types of compasses. Compass handling rules. Sitting. Direct and feedstocks. Definition of azimuth. Reverse azimuth. Methods of measurement of distance distances. Middle step. Eyemer.
Orientation of a compass card. Exercise on serifs. Build specified azimuths on paper from this point (SV, YUZ, etc.) and show the azimuth arc. Perform an eye without transport. Determine the reverse azimuth on this. Exercise for mixed orientation without the use of compass. Graphic solving tasks for mixed orientation. Exercise for eye assessment of azimuth. Measuring your middle step. Exercise of the eyeball.
Topographic signs. Topographic map.
Local items on aerial photography ground surface. The role of topographic signs on plan and map. Groups of signs. Color, shapes and sizes. Sourcing topographic signs by groups (65 characters). Explanation of signs and unfamiliar local items. Topographic and geographical map. Handling card. Species of scale. Definition of azimuth, lines on the map.
Practical classes on the topic. Identifying signs on the map. Reading a map on the routes. Topographic dictation. Definition on the map of elements, less than other subjects. Drawing up a list of local items grouped according to the degree of speed of change. Conversion of scale in natural. Measuring azimuths of various directions on the map.
Tourist gear. Shoes and tourist clothing. List of personal equipment. Requirements for a backpack, dishes, etc. Caring for legs and footwear in a hike tourist step. Build a chain. Intervals. The duties of the guide and closing. Movement mode: running hour and colors, normal speed, number of running hours. Sharve and Bivak.
Practical classes on the topic. Laying a backpack. Installing a tent. Campfire.
Practical lesson
