Approximately two thirds of children under the age of year and about 30% of the children over the year suffer from allergies. The inadequate response of the body on the allergen in children is most often manifested in the form of rash. About how treatment is treated allergic rash Children, you will learn by reading this article.
Views
The tendency to allergies is often transmitted by inheritance. This fact is no longer a doubt of doctors. However, the mechanisms for the development of an allergic reaction remain understood, after all, the child's allergy child or dad also suffer allergies.
The essence of the processes occurring is quite simple. A certain protein antigen falls into the child's body, which cannot be learned. The immunity of the kid "remembers" the alien protein and during his coming it gives an immune response in the form of an allergic runny nose, cough. Sweeping on the skin is also an immune response to a protein-antigen.
Hundreds of such proteins are known medicine. Those that occur most often determine the types of allergic rash in children:
- rashes in food allergies (on certain products);
- rash with medicinal (drug) allergies (for specific types of drugs, individuals and their compounds);
- rash with seasonal allergies (for pollen, flowering);
- rash in response to insect bites;
- rash with contact allergies (on household chemicals, cosmetics);
- rash with household allergies (on home dust, feat pillows, pet wool).
Allergic rash may appear in response to the penetration of allergen at any age, in children of any gender, race and health status. Manifestations of skin rashes do not depend on what climatic belt The child lives, sufficient or insufficient care is carried out. The rash with allergies is only an external manifestation of a rapid internal process.
Causes of occurrence
Allergen is almost always a molecular structure of protein origin. Not all allergens are caused by penetration into the body of an immune response. Some are able to bind to proteins that are available in all human tissues. These are usually elements that are in the composition of medicines or chemicals.
After the first hit in the child's body, the allergen causes sensitization, with it sensitivity and susceptibility of histamine receptors rises, and the sensitivity increases precisely to a specific allergen. Subsequent contacts with this allergen are accompanied by a whole cascade of immune processes with the formation of skin rashes.
A non-immune mechanism is associated with the release of histamines, which, when exposed to immune cells, cause swelling of the skin layers, the expansion of capillaries (the cause of redness), the formation of blisters.
The number of children suffering from skin allergies is growing every year. Doctors believe that the main reasons are in the deterioration of ecology, eating genetic products. In addition, doctors say that allergic rash is most susceptible to children from a risk group.
It includes:
- Baby, born from pregnancy, accompanied by pathologies (gestosis, bye or a multi-way, tooling twins or triple, threat of miscarriage, heavy toxicosis at the beginning and end of the expansion period of the fetus).
- Children who at an early age (up to the year) suffered viral infections in severe form.
- Children, who, by coincidence since birth or from age, up to 3 months are translated into artificial mixtures.
- Kids who lack important vitamins, as well as nourishing not enough or defective.
- Children who have forced to take long-term medicines.
Symptoms
Symptoms of different types of allergic rash have significant differences. For example, contact allergies never happen. Elements of rash (more often than blistering) are localized on the part of the body that had contact with an allergen (chemical). Blisters are accompanied by itching.
In food allergies The rash is usually developing by type of atopic dermatitis. It is localized on the body, face, neck, sometimes on the scalp, on the back of the head. The rash does not have clear outlines, fragments can be scattered far from each other - throughout the body.
Hives - These are reddish spots of different color intensity on the skin. When pressed on them with a finger you can see the whims of the spots. Stains of urticaria slightly swollen, visually resembling burns from nettle. The giant urticaria (the hardest form of such an allergy) is accompanied by the swelling of the larynx, the neck, swelling of Queenka. The urticaria often occurs during medicinal allergies - on the body, face, handles and legs, on the back and stomach.
Exudative diathesis Most often manifests itself on cheeks, chin, handles and necks, as well as on ear sinks and in an exacerbating space. First, these bubbles filled with transparent liquid, which cause a strong court. The child is worried, combing the skin or rubs it about the bed, as a result, bubbles are easily bursting, leaving behind the red crusts. If eczema develops, then these crusts are moathed, itchy is complicated by an acceding infection, which becomes noticeable by the presence of guncrows.
Allergic rash can be completely colorless, manifest as "goosebumps". It usually is not accompanied by it, he has no heavy form. This happens if the process of inflammation stops on the defeat of the packer layer of the dermis.
How to distinguish allergies from infection?
Parents who discovered the child on the skin of strange rashes, first of all want to know what is still the case in an allergic reaction or in infectious diseases that also flow with skin manifestations. Answering this question with a lot of confidence can only caused a doctor. Lab diagnostics is able to confirm or refute its conclusion. However, attentive parents are also able to catch the difference between infections and allergies. In fact, it is not so difficult.
With allergies, there is no high temperature. In case of infections, fever and heat - most often mandatory "satellites" of the initial stage of illness. Infectious rash usually has clear outlines - papulas, vesicles, spacing and other rash elements have certain boundaries, shape. With allergic rash, blistering and bubbles are quite blurred.
The swelling of the face and lips, the appearance of adhesion in allergies is often happening, but in infections such a symptom is usually not observed. With allergies, the rash is zudit and itches, and in infections this happens not always.
Weakness, intoxication and lobs in the body in infectious diseases always happens, but for allergies - almost never. Rubber, accompanying infection, changes its character - first from the nose there is a liquid secret, then it is thick and changes color. With allergies, the snot in the child liquid constantly, the nature of the flow of rhinitis does not change over time.
Allergic rash is prone to merge, skin sweering, the infectious usually does not swell, and all its elements are clearly visible. The first is usually manifested by stains and bubbles, the second - vesicles, pustulas, papulas.
First aid
To treat allergies should doctors allergists and pediatricians. But to provide the child to the first help at home should be able to all parents, given that skin allergies can happen suddenly - at any time and with any baby.
With the appearance of rashes, first of all, you need to carefully examine the skin of the baby, notice the features and locations of the dislocation of spots. It is important to remember that a new child ate, drank, took over the last 3-4 days.
If there are suspicions of food allergies, then the child gives entertainment in the age dose ("enterosgel"), washed with cool water without soap skin with rashes. Before visiting the doctor, nothing can be given.
In suspected drug allergies, discontinue medication and take the child to the doctor. The exception is the situation when the medicine is given by life indications. Then it is not worth interrupting the course. It is better to immediately go to the reception to a specialist.
With any allergy form, first aid is to interrupt contact with an allergen. If it is not known that the child has a skin reaction, it is better to protect it from a wide range of potentially dangerous common allergens. This includes whole cow's milk, chicken eggs, nuts, citrus, some species sea fish, sweets, honey and other food, home dust, animal wool, fish feed, all perfume, cosmetics, pollen plants and medicines.
If the cause of rash parents is clear, then it will be easier to limit contact with the allergen.
The place of lesion in any case is washed with water without soap. For strong rash It is possible to give a child antihistamines (in a single age dose). After consultation with the doctor, the main treatment is beginning.
Treatment
The basis of treatment is an exclusion of allergen. Help him find can modern diagnosis that includes laboratory methodsas well as allergeros. After the elimination of Allergen, the doctor solves the question of the use of medicines. Everything will depend on the degree of damage to the skin and general symptoms.
In case of light shapes, the funds with a sedative effect are helped by a sedative effect - the lattice tincture, the decoction of Valeriahs, the decoction of Melissa. Reception inside such drugs will allow the baby less suffering from itching, and also will simply sleep a child's sleep.
Antihistamines eliminate the inner cause of the rash - free histamine. In pediatric practice, "Erius", "Loratadine", "Zetrin", Zirtek, "Diazolin", "Supratin", "Claritin", "Fenidist" (drops) are widely used.
Sorbents help to remove toxins from the body generated by allergens, including "Polysorb" and "Enterosgel", as well as "lactofilter".
Places of rash can be treated with "phenystil" (in the form of gel). With an extensive item, the doctor may recommend hormonal drugs with a small content of glucocorticosteroid hormones - for example, the ointment "Trieders" or "Advantan". They will allow you to remove itching and gradually remove all the rashes. With a severe allergic process, hormonal drugs ("prednisone") are prescribed for internal use.
If the rash is accompanied by strong edema, the doctor necessarily recommends diuretic drugs together with calcium preparations so that the frequent urination does not lead to the "flushing" of this extremely necessary mineral from the body.
The child with allergies should be bathed without fither, shampoo and soap. You can add a small amount of chamomile beam or calendula into water. Wash the child in water with the addition of essential oils is unacceptable.
If necessary, the use of others medicines It is important to call a doctor and advise on the possibility of their reception during the treatment period of allergic rash. Some antibiotics (for example, "tetracycline"), as well as a nootropic drug "Pantogam" often cause severe allergies that during the treatment of rash it is undesirable.
To lubricate the rash with allergies with children's cream is inexpedient and harmful, because under the layer of oily cream, the skin will "mock", which will slow down recovery. It is not worth using the powder, because it dries too much skin.
In addition to medicines, a child with skin allergies is prescribed a special hypoallergenic diet, fully eliminating products that can aggravate the state of the kid. For children, until the year, the doctor carries out the correction of the mother's nutrition, if it feeds the breast, or replaces the children's adapted milk mixture.
Prevent the development of skin allergies for the first time (as well as the facts of repetition in children who have already passed the course of treatment) will help simple and effective preventive tips:
- Do not give the child a large number of medicines.This undermines its immunity and provokes light allergic reactogenicity. If you can reduce the temperature without a pill, it is worth using it. If you can not give a cough syrup, and to provide warm, abundant drinking and massage instead, it is better to take this opportunity.
Often, children in the first years of life have rashes on the skin. Some of them are the physiological norm, the other - allergic. A competent doctor will always be able to distinguish the usual rash from the manifestations of allergies, will help you adjust the lifestyle of the child and prescribe the appropriate treatment.
What is allergic rash
If the child has rashes, first of all go to the pediatrician. Often allergic rash, especially in newborns, are confused with the Pattern, Erythema, Mias, Hormone Blossom, etc. Also, rashes may accompany such diseases such as chickenpox, roseola, cortex, rubella, scarlatine and many others. It is important to know how the rash looks like in a matter of or another and distinguish the symptoms of these diseases in order not to start their current. If the children's therapist finds it difficult to form a diagnosis, it can be directed to a dermatologist or infectious background with suspected viral disease.
Allergic rash may arise both in completely small children and teenagers.
Diseases characterized by the appearance of allergic rash:
- atopic dermatitis;
- contact dermatitis;
- hives.
Rash at the child - Video of Dr. Komarovsky
The mechanism of spindles on the skin
Blister is formed due to the expansion of vessels due to the release of histamine fat cells
In case of allergen, antibodies begin to produce antibodies. They subsequently accumulate and attached to immune (fat) cells. In re-entering allergen and its compound with antibodies and obese cells, histamine is begged, which leads to a characteristic reaction. There is an expansion of blood vessels, there is a solidity, the skin can blush, hone. Such a mechanism is called immune and characteristic of urticaria or contact dermatitis.
A non-immune mechanism is characterized by the fact that fat cells release histamine as a result of certain drugs and other allergens into the body. These external factors can directly affect the immune cells:
- Poofing layer of the dermis swells.
- Capillaries expand.
- Their walls become more permeable for blood elements.
- Blister is formed.
The causes of the occurrence and symptoms of allergic rashes
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, as a rule, manifests itself in a two-month age and can disturb the child to three years. The reasons are, for example, food, household allergies, concomitant diseases, genetic predisposition. This chronic skin disease - can happen both exacerbations and periods of remission.
Characteristic symptoms:
- itching, burning, increasing at night;
- microwaves and serous papules, with the autopsy of which erosion are formed, crusts;
- washing redness and painful cracks;
- redness of the pussy, forehead, chin;
- jews, acne;
- bleeding when combing.
Manifestations of atopic dermatitis - Photo Gallery
In children from two years, eczema appears on the bending surfaces of the joints: in the popliteal areas, on the inner surfaces of the elbows, etc. 
Rash appears on the face and limbs in the form of redness and nodule rashes 
In children under two years old, eczema is localized on the cheeks, outdoor sides of the limbs
Contact dermatitis
This type of rash appears in the place where contact with an allergen occurred: clothing, household chemicals, cosmetics, plants, dust, pets, etc. Symptoms are similar to the general manifestations of an allergic reaction and pass after an allergen elimination. Signs of the disease:
- redness of the skin, accompanied by swelling, itching - arise, as a rule, on the back, legs and arms, in armpits;
- the appearance of small blades of bubbles, after which erosion remains, crusts.
Sometimes rashes are accompanied by temperature.
Contact dermatitis in photos
Hives
The causes of urticaria can be food, medicine, household chemicals, cosmetics, insect bites, frost, or sun, etc. Symptoms can appear sharply and also sharply disappear after a while. The urticaria can manifest itself on any part of the body, including on the head, pope, lips.
Characteristic symptoms:
- redness and flat blisters;
- itching, a feeling of burning.
Manifestations of urticaria in the photo
Diagnosis of skin allergies
Diagnose allergies in the following ways:
- Based on the available symptoms to pre-exclude a viral or bacterial disease.
- Allergothes. Not recommended to children up to three years, since they are not informative at this age.
- Immunological analyzes. Recommended at any age.
- Differential diagnosis with diseases accompanied by various kinds of rashes.
Symptomatic
Allergic reaction may occur for many reasons mentioned earlier. In most cases, the cause of rash are food, aero allergens, cosmetics, household chemicals, drugs.
Allergies can manifest itself not only in the form of a rash. The following signs may be:
- tear;
- swelling of the skin around the eyes;
- sneeze, runny nose;
- disorder of the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal colic) due to the reception of drugs or the use of any products;
- wheezes in lungs, cough (with respiratory allergies) due to inhalation of gases, dust;
- anaphylactic shock (loss of consciousness, involuntary urination, shortness of breath, convulsions) due to the bite of an insect or reception of drugs.
One by one character is not always possible to make a diagnosis. The combination of all symptoms will help more clarify the situation.
Allergothes allow you to establish the exact cause of the rash
- Based on blood analysis. The method is expensive and does not allow you to quickly get the result.
- Skin and provocative. Allergen is introduced through the skin. Then the degree of inflammation is estimated. As a rule, 15-20 allergens are used. The test is painless.
Immunological analyzes
This diagnostic method is considered the safest and informative. The patient is a fence of venous blood, after which the material is mixed with different allergens.
Differential
Often, allergic rash can be confused with rash, resulting from an infectious disease. It is necessary to be able to distinguish the symptoms, as well as not to launch the disease so that there are no unpleasant consequences.
Features of non-allergic rashes of various origins - Table
| Cause of rash | Skin manifestations | Additional symptoms | Residual phenomena |
| Windmill (chickenpox) | Papuloseziculous rash (ulots). | Fever can happen with a sharp appearance of rash. The general condition is not violated. | It disappears without a trace, however, if the child leaves the rash, the scars can remain. |
| Roseola (Sudden Exantheas) | Maculopapulous rash (dense papules). |
| Disappears without a trace. |
| Pyatnost-Papulose Raw - a combination of spots and papules (nodules). |
The rash appears on the 4-5 day of illness on the face, neck, behind the ears. The next day - all over the body. | On the fourth day of the appearance of rashes, they get a brown shade, peel. Traces are noticeable during the first 7-10 days. | |
| Maculese rash - large. |
The rash appears at the beginning on the face, and then spreads throughout the body. Prevails on the face, buttocks, lower back and bends of elbows and knees. It keeps from 2 to 7 days. | Disappears without a trace. | |
| Small-point rash - when pressed, manifests itself stronger. |
The rash appears on 1-3 day of the disease and manifests itself on the cheeks, in groin and on the sides. It holds from 3 to 7 days. | Disappears without a trace. Sometimes there is a peeling of the skin after the disappearance of the rash. |
Manifestations of rash in infectious diseases - Photo Gallery
The main symptom of Roseola is a three-day temperature and its sharp disappearance with the simultaneous appearance of rashes 
The rash at the windmill appears wave-like and accompanied by the temperature lifting 
Scarlatina is characterized by point rash and brightly raspberry color 
Rash at the rubella do not leave traces after the end of the disease 
Incubation period Corey is 8-14 days
How to find the cause of allergies - video
Treatment
The main rules for the treatment of allergic rash include the following actions:
- Compliance with diet (if the rashes are caused by food allergies).
- Performing physiotherapy procedures.
- Use of fitotherapy tools.
- Reception of drugs.
Allergic rash must be treated, otherwise it can go into a chronic form.
Compliance with diet
To identify the product to which the child appears allergies, it is possible by the method of exclusion or by means of one of the diagnostic methods. Based on the analysis result, the doctor is a specific nutrition scheme, recommends that allergen can replace products. Sometimes the reaction may not cause a specific product, but one of its components. Food allergies can be accompanied by the disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as rashes on the skin, itching, etc.
According to Dr. Evgenia Komarovsky, the cause of 90% of the cases of food allergies in children is only 6 products:
- Cow's milk. There is also a possibility of the intolerance of the milk of goats, sheep.
- Eggs. Namely egg squirrel.
- Peanut.
- Other nuts.
- Soy. It is possible to use soy oil and lecithin due to the minimum amount of protein.
- Wheat. Wheat can cause standard allergic reactions in the form of a rash, difficulty breathing, itching and celiac. This disease is characterized by the intolerance to gluten, is expressed in diarrhea, abdominal pain, low weight set, slow growth.
If the child has an allergy to any product, then the diet should be adjusted so that the baby gets all the necessary vitamins, minerals, as well as micro and macroelements!
Products that may cause an allergic reaction in the photo
Soy protein can cause allergic rash 
Wheat porridge - this kind of cereals, most often causing allergies 
Peanuts and nuts can be part of various products, so you should consider choosing food with all seriousness 
Allergy children are not recommended to eat the eggs protein, and not yolk 
The protein of cow milk may cause a serious allergic reaction.
Physiotherapy
Phytotherapy
Baths, lotions, ointments will help to remove the symptoms of allergies in the form of rashes, itching, redness. However, it should be borne in mind that the cause of the allergic reaction should be eliminated, and not only its consequence. Before using any herbal decoction or homemade compress, you should consult with your doctor. Not every fee can approach your child, and some are even able to exacerbate allergies.
- Broth chamomile. It can be added to the bath for swimming or used as a row. 4 tbsp. l. You should pour a liter of boiling water and cook for 15 minutes. Then cool.
- Broth black. 1 tbsp. l. Herbs pour boiling water and cook for 15 minutes, then add to water when bathing. A series can have a drying effect, so it is important not to overdo it.
- Decoration of calendula flowers. Effective as a compress on the affected skin. 1 tsp. Grinding calendula flowers brew in glass of boiling water and strain.
- Very effective is the compress from the juice of fresh potatoes.
- 3-4 laurel sheet pour boiling water cup. You can use both as a compress and for receiving inside.
- Birch tar. You can get an excellent ointment against rash if it is mixed with a vaseline in proportion of 1 to 10.
- It can be used both separately and together with white clay in proportion 1 to 1. Lubricate allergic manifestations on the skin.
The use of funds should be discussed with the doctor, since each of them may well aggravate the symptoms of allergies. In this case, it is necessary to immediately stop using them.
Funds of Folk Medicine for Symptomatic Allergy Treatment - Table
Zinc has a drying effect and is considered effective in combating rash and irritation on the skin. 
Berezovaya delet are applied to the amazed skin 
Bay leaf can be used as externally in the form of a beam and a lotion and inside 
Inflamed skin sections recommended daily to wipe with juice raw potatoes 
The compress from the beam calendula is recommended for allergic rashes. 
The chamomile decoction has a calming effect and is used under skin inflammation and itching 
With a series should be careful because it has a drying effect
Medications
Depending on the cause of the allergic reaction and the nature of the rash, the doctor may recommend drugs such as outdoor use and internal. To reduce itching, reduction of inflammation and redness can be used hormonal and non-coronal ointments and creams. This is relevant with contact and atopic dermatitis, as well as at urban. If it took the use of hormonal ointments, they are used to facilitate the state. Then it will be enough to moisten the skin hypoallergenic means. If new rashes appear, then, most likely, the doctor will write funds for receiving inside.
How much and how to smear the skin with a one or another, solves only the doctor. Self-treatment is unacceptable.
Allergy Drugs - Table
| Medicinal preparations for outdoor use | Indications | The manufacturer recommended by the manufacturer to start application | ||
| Non-immune | Moisturizing ointments, creams, lotions, antiallergenic shampoos, shower gels. | Dry skin. | From the first days of life | |
| Antihistamines (gel phenyatil) |
|
|||
| Hormonal (corticosteroids) | Grade 1 (weak) | Prednisolone ointment 0.5% | Uncecrimal dermatitis. Apply on any parts of the body. | 2 years |
| Cream hydrocortisone 1% (locoid) | 6 months | |||
| Grade 2 (medium) | Aklometasone dipropionate 0.05% (Afloderm) | In the absence of the effect after the use of grade 1 preparations. Apply on any parts of the body. | 0 months | |
| Betamethazone Valerat 0,025% | ||||
| DeoxyTeason 0.05% (Topicort) | From the first days of life | |||
| Tryamcinolone acetonide 0.02% or 0.05% (fluorochort) | ||||
| Flumetazone pivalat 0.02% or 2% (Lorinden A and C) | 10 years | |||
| Grade 3 (strong) | Betamethazone dipropionate 0.025%, 0.05% cream, lotion (diprozone, diprollen) | In the absence of effect after applying preparations 1 and 2 classes. Use is not recommended for a long time. Apply on highly inflamed areas of the skin. | 1 year (or from birth - in the absence of rash on the backdrop of diaper | |
| Budesonide 0.025% | From the first days of life | |||
| 4th grade (very strong) | Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% | Contraindicated to 1 year, but also not recommended for children of younger. Not used at any age on face, skin folds and buttocks. | 1 year | |
| Medicinal preparations for internal use | ||||
| Antihistamines | Phenolic (drops) |
| From the first days of life | |
| Zirtek (drops) |
| 6 months | ||
| Sorbents | Polyface (powder) | Food and drug allergies. | From the first days of life | |
| Polysorb MP (powder) | ||||
| Corticosteroids | Nazonex (spray) | Allergic rhinitis. | 2 years | |
| Prednisolone (tablets) | Acute and chronic allergic diseases. | From the first days of life | ||
| PolcorTolone (Tablets) | 3 years | |||
| Flosterone (suspension for injection) |
|
|||
There are 4 generation of antihistamine drugs. The most secure for children is the preparations of 3 and 4 generations - with a minimum of side effects and a lack of addiction.
Generations of antihistamine drugs and their features - table
| Generation | Name of the drug | Recommended age start receiving | Benefits | disadvantages |
| 1 | DiMedrol. | Seven months |
|
|
| Diazoline | 1 year | |||
| 1 month | ||||
| 2 | Claritin | 2 years |
| Negative effect on the heart and liver. |
| 1 year | ||||
| 1 month | ||||
| Histalong | 2 years | |||
| 3 | 6 months (drops), 1 year (tablets) |
|
||
| 2 years | ||||
| Telfast | 6 years | |||
| 4 | Levocetyriazin | 2 years | Most funds are intended for children by age from 1 year. | |
| 1 year | ||||
| Disloratadin | 12 years | |||
| Ebastin | 6 years | |||
| Cetirizin | 1 year | |||
| 2 years |
Most preparations of 3 and 4 generations are designed for children by age from 6-12 months. Therefore, for a child, a videos should be selected from the second generation, rather than from the first, due to the lack of a sedative effect.
Antihistamines in the photo
The use of Xizal is possible from two years 
Erius syrup is a 4 generation preparation and is considered one of the safest for children. 
Zetrin has an anti-inflammatory effect and is addictive 
Zirtek in drops are recommended for use from six months 
Phenolici can be used both externally (gel) and for receiving inside (syrup) 
Zoda does not have a sedative effect on nervous system 
Tuewell has a rapid antiallergic effect 
As side effects of Supratin, you can note such as lethargy, drowsiness
Preventive measures
As preventive measures, as well as additional assistance in facilitating the state of the kid, it is recommended to follow the following rules:
- Often to air the room.
- Moisturize the air in the room where the child is located.
- To walk outside.
- Observe thorough hygiene.
- Do not overflow the child so that there is no load on the gastrointestinal tract.
- Control calcium content in the body (excess vitamin D leads to a calcium deficiency and to an allergic reaction).
- Bathing a child in water comfortable temperature (not in hot).
- Use after bathing and, if necessary, moisturizing cream (hypoallergenic).
- Do not allow the child to calculate the rash on the skin.
- Dress the baby in cotton clothes.
- Do not allow stressful situations.
- Do not allow the accumulation of dust indoors, avoid wearing clothes from wool, using aggressive household chemicals.
- Do not start pets.
Children's rash is different: not requiring treatment and the one at which the reception of drugs is recommended. It is important to comply with preventive measures to prevent the development of allergies, as well as to conduct a lifestyle in which such a reaction will be minimized. With light shapes of rashes, it will be enough to use non-flame creams and ointments. If the allergic reaction is heavy, then it may be necessary for corticosteroids, as well as antihistamine. The main thing is to take attention to your child and when the rashes of uncertain origin appear to contact a competent specialist.
Allergy is one of the most common diseases in the world. For one or another, almost every person suffered. Adults may take care of themselves alone, and for a child, allergies are stress. From our article you will learn what to do if a child has allergies, what forms of allergic rapes are, as they get rid of them and prevent their manifestations in the future.
The rash of an allergic nature is a common phenomenon among children of preschool and younger school age
Causes of the appearance of allergic rashes on the body in children
Skin reactions caused by contacts with stimulus are subject to most children aged from 0 to 7 years. Allergic reaction can be food, viral or chemical. As a rule, rash on the body against the background of contact with the allergen is accompanied by a strong itching, swelling and hyperemia.
The most frequent causes of allergic rashes in children are:
- Reception of drugs with aggressive composition. The reaction in young children can cause both a synthetic antibiotic and natural preparation with vegetable components. Aggressive allergens are expectorant syrups.
- Breast-feeding. The rashes arise if a nursing mother neglects a diet developed by a doctor and uses food containing allergens. Allergic reactions in infants may cause chocolate, citrus, fast food - the full list will provide a pediatrician or dermatologist.
- The use of household chemicals and the use of cosmetics with a chemical fragrance. Allergies in children can cause washing powder, leather cream, dishwashing agent (we recommend reading :).
- Natural factors. Sharp temperature differences, long walks under the influence of sunlight.
- Allergodermatosis - poisonous plants and animals, which, when contacting the skin, leaves a burn.
- Non-cell infectious agents - the cause of viral allergies.
Types of children's allergic rash
Currently, experts speak of two varieties of allergies:
- Acute, which is characterized by an instantaneous reaction to a stimulus. Such an allergy has a pronounced clinical picture, but rashes are subject to rapid treatment: pass within a few days.
- Chronic. As can be seen from the name, it is a sluggish process of the disease. As a rule, chronic allergies by one and a half disappears independently.
The clinical picture of allergies is a few species of rash on the skin in the child. Each species involves the reception of certain drugs. If you notice the symptoms of the symptoms, immediately consult a doctor.
We will analyze each of the species with a description and explanations of the causes of the occurrence (photos are presented below).
| Type of rash | Description | The most frequent causes of occurrence |
| Allergic dermatitis | Small red rash throughout the body. The skin on the affected area is dry, peeling is possible. It is characterized by the presence of ulcers and cracks. | Failure in the immune system of the child, contact with the external stimulus. |
| Hives | The name comes from nettle, because The rash reminds the burn with this plant. Big stains of pinkish or bright red. Additional symptom: itching, which is impossible to make it easier for combing. Blisters wandered around the body, appearing in new places: on face, handles, legs, on body bends. | Food intolerance to some foods: chocolate, citrus, eggs, etc. |
| Eczema | Small acne or ulcers of red. It is chronic, therefore relapses are possible. The first is affected by the skin of the face, then blisters cover legs and arms. | Household chemicals, infection, dermatitis. |
| Neurodermit | Rash looks like with psoriasis. Strong peeling, seals on the skin. It is a chronic disease. | Frequent allergic reactions, malfunctions in the work of the immune system, the food allergies to a large amount of products. |
Allergic dermatitis 
Hives 
Eczema 
Neurodermit Diagnostic methods
Allergy diagnostics includes 3 methods:
- Symptomatic (initial diagnosis). The method is used for classic forms - dermatitis and urticaria. The clinical picture of the disease does not differ in variety. As a rule, it is enough to look at the rash to make a diagnosis. In addition to rash, other symptoms are taken into account: redness of the eyes, runny nose, swelling, irritability, etc.
- Taking an allergile. The method allows you to define an allergen. However, it is possible to conduct a procedure for children over 3 years.
- Analyzes on the state of immunity. There are no restrictions on age.
Differentiated diagnosis is also needed, since the common clinical picture can give false ideas about the diagnosis.
Allergies is accompanied by symptoms similar to some infectious diseases. The table below shows the distinctive features in the symptoms of these two categories.
| Symptoms and signs | Allergic reaction | Infectious disease |
| General type of rash (including spots, acne, ulcers) | Size - from small dots to large blisters. Perhaps the presence of crusts, erosions, serous wells. | The rashes are offline: each of the points is pronounced, does not merge with the rest. |
| Localization | On the face: the chin area, cheeks, sometimes on the forehead. Hands, legs, hips, buttocks, neck. On the torso - rarely. | Front and rear of the body. Rarely - legs and hands. Very rare - on the forehead. |
| Fever | There is no subfebilitation. | It can be expressed by all types of temperatures - from subfebrile to hyperpiratory. |
| Swelling and swelling in places of lesion | Pronounced. May be weak, and can be life-threatening. | Practically do not appear. |
| Itch | Present. | Present. |
| Related symptoms | Abundant work of the tear glands, redness of the mucous side, conjunctivitis, decreased blood pressure, digestion, cough. | Myster from mouth and nose, body lomit, common decay of forces. |
| How long does the rash go? | As a rule, after receiving drugs, rashes quickly and do not leave traces. | The rash is kept during the entire period of treatment. |
The diagram of treating allergic rash depending on its species
Therapy with allergic rashes in children depends on its type and reaction to the stimulus. With any form of an allergic rash, an important step is to determine the substance that caused it. Child should exclude contacts with an allergen. The next step is a strict adherence to the prescriptions of the doctor.
As a rule, therapy is based on the compliance of power rules and the reception of antiallergic drugs (antihistamines). With medication treatment, carefully examine the instructions for the use of drugs. Many of them contain age limits. Funds for children have a "soft" composition and pleasant to the taste.
As indicated above, allergic rash is several species, each of which requires specific treatment. Below is a table with the names of funds for treatment.
| Type of rash | Medical therapy | Non-media therapy |
| Allergic dermatitis (recommend reading :) | For investment, symptoms are used:
|
|
| Hives | Antihistamines:
|
|
| Eczema |
|
|
| Neurodermit |
|
Listed types of allergic reactions in addition to the rash include a number of other symptoms. You can also remove them with medical preparations. Itching, redness and similar discomfort will remove gels and ointment with anti-inflammatory effect. With a runny nose and swelling of the nose, corticosteroids will cope. When conjunctivitis will help eye drops. Parental love and care will be the best addition to treatment.
What is strictly forbidden to do?
If rash is detected on the child's body, it is strictly forbidden:
- extrusion of ulcers and ulcers (especially on cheeks, forehead);
- injury bubbles (puncture, extrusion);
- contacts of the affected area with dirty hands, especially combing rashes;
- the use of drugs that can distort the clinical picture (with dyes and substances based on them).
Allergic rash is a serious symptom. Many types of allergies do not require specific medical therapy. However, in some cases, self-treatment is destroying for the health and life of the baby. The rash can cause an infectious disease that is dangerous not only for the baby, but also for others. The best solution is to immediately consult a doctor.
As a rule, allergic rash flows easily and is treated pretty quickly, however, when it appears, a child must be shown by a specialist After how many days do children have an allergic rash?
There is no single answer to this question. How quickly passes rash depends on many factors: the correctness of the treatment, the quality of the preparations taken. Some regularities still exist.
Baby has up to a year or annoyed child The initial stage of light food allergies passes during the week. For this you need to quickly exclude from the diet of a nursing mother Allergen. Allergic dermatitis and urticaria in the absence of complications also pass in 7 days. Eczema and neurodermatitis keep up to 2 weeks and often go into a chronic form
If the dynamics of recovery is positive, rash and itchy gradually pass. If the manifestations of the disease are static, or the state has deteriorated, it is necessary to change the strategy. With incorrect definition of allergen or the appointment of inefficient therapy, hospitalization may be required, as well as conducting additional analyzes.
With the timely reaction of parents and the accurate establishment of the stimulus, the rash may disappear after a day.
It is impossible to ignore even fine and pale rash. Such negligence can lead to a long, expensive and inefficient treatment. The earlier it will begin to treat rash, the sooner it will pass.
Prevention
To prevent the occurrence of allergic reactions, the following measures are shown:
- limit the contact of the child with the most aggressive allergens, as well as with substances to which there is individual intolerance;
- maintain home order, once a week to make wet cleaning;
- carefully monitor the cleanliness of the furniture from dust;
- balance the baby's nutrition;
- stimulate immunity (more often to be in the fresh air, give the child to the sports section, etc.);
- do not abuse medicinal preparations - How many pills need to give a child, only the doctor decides;
- if at home there are pets, to provide them with care and purity;
- observe the rules of hygiene.
The rash is always accompanied by pronounced discomfort. The well-being of the child deteriorates significantly. In this article we will tell you how parents can suspect allergic rashes from their child alone.
How is manifested on the skin?
Allergic rash can develop on the skin in a child with a variety of types of allergies. Allergens can act a variety of substances.
The following is most often registered in children's practice:
- various cosmetics;
- food products;
- means of household chemicals;
- the consequences of bites of different insects;
- saliva and pets on the skin.
The severity of such skin rashes may be the most different and depends on the initial state of the kid.
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a pathology that most often occurs in the kids of the chest. This allergermatosis develops in kids having a congenital genetic predisposition to some allergen.
This disease is manifested by the appearance of various rashes on the body. Separate elements are bright red spots. The size of these formations can reach 2-4 cm.
Allergic eczema
Allergic eczema is a fairly frequent cause of the child's development on the skin of various rashes. According to statistics, this pathological condition develops in toddlers aged up to two years.
If a child is ill, then in his elbows, on face, handles and palms there are various bright red specks with blisters. As this pathology develops, the skin begins to crack and looks essentially worse than before the disease.
The course of this type of eczema is usually quite severe. In a sick baby, the body temperature can increase to 38-39 degrees. The baby becomes very sluggish, more passive.
This species Allergies can also manifest itself with the appearance of a sick child horpivnitsawhich is accompanied, as a rule, pronounced itch. Without treatment, all adverse symptoms can be saved for quite a long time.
Food allergy
A frequent manifestation of allergic rashes at the kid up to a year is allergic to the introduction into the diet of various adhesiveness. Usually the first adverse symptoms are developing in kids By 5-6 months of their lives.
Looks like food allergies as multiple raspberry specks that can be of various sizes. It may be placed on the neck, handles and legs of the baby, on the back and stomach. Such multiplicity of possible localizations is largely due to the systemic effect on the children's body of various food allergens.
Diaper dermatitis
Campering dermatitis is another manifestation of allergies. Basically, it appears in a child when wearing incorrectly chosen diapers. The main allergen in this case is an absorbent layer of the product that directly contacts the gentle skin of the groove zone. In this case, allergic rashes manifest themselves at the kid in the groin.
A diaper dermatitis appears to the appearance of bright red spots, which can have quite large sizes. The form of such rashes is usually incorrect. They arise in places immediately adjusting the diaper to the skin of the kid. These skin manifestations usually have a bright red color and can be hot to the touch.
Contact dermatitis
Wearing clothes made of synthetic materials significantly increases the risk of developing the skin of various skin rashes. Provoke the development of a child's contact dermatitis in this case, dyes that are used to give color to textile products.
Natural fabrics in this case usually do not cause any allergic manifestations on the skin.
Wearing such poor-quality clothes contributes to the fact that various bright red spots appear on the skin. This condition is called contact dermatitis. It is easy to distinguish such manifestations. They arise in places of direct contact with the skin.
In some kids, the flow of contact dermatitis can be quite heavy. In this case, he appears on the skin not only bright red specks, but also quite large blisters.
Inside such formations is a serous fluid. Usually they are easily injured. In this case, the fluid expires outwards, and on the site of these rashes there are various ulcers, which are in the future completely epithelined
Dosage Allergy
Drug allergies are an allergic reaction form, which manifests itself in a child when receiving any drugs. Quite often, this situation provides the use of various groups of antibiotics, sulfonamides, gold, chinidine and many other drugs.
This form of allergies appear on the skin of various raspberry and red spots. In diameter, such specks usually reach 8-10 mm. Usually these rashes he is strong.
Where to contact?
The occurrence on the skin of the baby from various rashes is a bright signal for parents that the child should definitely show a doctor. To make a diagnosis requires the mandatory implementation of a whole complex of laboratory research.
All kids having different skin rashes on the skin is carried out general blood analysis. Allergic rashes are accompanied, as a rule, by increasing the level of leukocytes and the acceleration of ESP.
Subject to establish a faithful diagnosis is also required allergological tests. This study is performed in the Children's Allergist's office. Such tests make it possible to identify the diseased child even hidden signs of various types of allergies.
After detection of allergies, the kid is prescribed a full-fledged complex of treatment. It is necessarily included antihistamine drugs that reduce skin itching and improving the overall health of the child.
The optimal humidity of the skin is needed to maintain the health of the skin. For this purpose, various moisturizing agents are prescribed, normalizing the water-lipid balance.
In some cases, the manifestation of allergies can be exacerbated by the development of systemic diseases.
The difficult course of Rakhita can strengthen the risk of developing a child on the skin of different rashes. To normalize the hormonal background in this case, the drug is applied "Aquaderem".Course use of this tool helps to normalize the level of vitamin D in the children's body, which has a positive effect on the outer state of the skin.
About how allergic rash looks like, look in the following video.
Sweeping on the skin various shapes And severity accompany almost all allergic diseases. Negative reactions occur under the influence of internal and external factors.
Parents should know why allergies appear in children. Photos of the rash, a description of the diseases often emerging in young patients will help to figure out what disease is developing, to consult a doctor in time.
Causes of occurrence
Skin reactions against the background of contact with the stimuli are marked with most of the babies and older children. The negative response of the body arises with true and. The rashes, accompanied by itching, hyperemia, the efforts of the epidermis occurs under the influence of various factors.
The main causes of allergolmatosis:
- reception of drugs. In children, negative reactions cause vitamins of group B, therapeutic syrups with flavors, synthetic dyes;
- breast milk containing allergens. Cause of quality reduction useful product - Improper nutrition of the mother. Allergic reactions in crumbs cause citrus, seafood, chocolate candies, eggs, honey, whole milk, peanuts, other names that the woman consumed during the lactation period;
- chemical substances. Allergies in children provoke, leather care products, household chemicals;
- natural factors. Negative reactions occur under the influence of low / high temperatures, UV rays;
- allergodermatosis - The consequence of the "burn" nettle, contact with wool and salivary pets, ulasting insect bites.
On a note! Doctors allocate two forms of allergies: chronic - skin reactions are preserved to one and a half months and sharp - rashes occur shortly after the action of the stimulus, with competent therapy go per day or a few days.
List of allergic diseases accompanied by rash
The negative response of the body is developing against the background of many irritant factors. The severity of pathology depends on the force of immunity, the presence of chronic pathologies, the overall state, age, the amount of allergen, provoked a negative reaction.
Many diseases proceed with periods of remission and exacerbations, long-term treatment, not always successful. In the acute form of allergies, competent urgent CareOtherwise, the most difficult consequences are possible.
Outlet Quincke
Features:
- a dangerous reaction that threatens life is accompanied by a powerful emission of histamine, the active development of negative symptoms;
- provoking factors: insect bite, reception of drugs (more often, antibiotics), consumption of unsuitable products;
- there is often no more than 10-30 minutes to take action;
- a strong solidity is developing, the face, neck, eyelids, lips, nebo, develops a risk of suffocation;
- large bugs are noticeable on the body, when strengthening the edema of education is pale;
- the edema of the larynx and the language can cause a fatal outcome;
- parents must give a child a high-speed antihistamine drug, without delay to call "ambulance", remove the gulling clothes, open the window, offer boiled water;
- in case of development in the first-aid kit there should always be suprastin or tavergil.
Atopic dermatitis
Features:
- allergic inflammation is developing at high spirits to various stimuli in hereditary predisposition;
- in the initial stage of bacteria and viruses on the affected areas there are no, later, with itching and calculations, hazardous microorganisms penetrate;
- the epidermis blushes, flakes, the fabrics swell, on the face, elbows, knees, in the inguinal folds, the small one appears;
- interferes with severe itching, insomnia appears, kid naughty, he eats badly;
- against the secondary infection of the wounds are filled with pus.
Food allergy
Features:
- kids - a common disease;
- Products often become an impetus for the development of chronic dermatitis, allergic eczema;
- , strawberries, provoke skin reactions in the form of rashes, hyperemia of fabrics. Freight is often observed, diarrhea occurs, bloating, colic, pain in the stomach and intestines;
- diathesis in infants is developing after the use of milk in which allergens penetrated with improper nutrition of a nursing mother;
- treatment will be successful only when the unsuitable product is detected, after excluding it from the diet. Eliminate diet is an effective method for diagnosing food allergies.
Hives
Features:
- Developed under the action of various factors: the use of high-caliped products, some drugs, the effect of cold, sharp wind. The disease sometimes occurs as;
- symptoms: olive papulas, redness of problem areas;
- on the body, blisters of different sizes are noticeable - 5 mm to 10-15 cm;
- odnocity is weak-generated or moderate;
- diseases occur in acute and chronic form;
- acceptance of antihistamine preparations, the elimination of the action of allergen suppresses negative reactions. Signs disappear without a trace, there are no erosions on the body, the shade of the skin is saved unchanged.
Contact dermatitis
Features:
- appears after contacting skin with chemicals, wool tissues, body care compositions;
- the epidermis in the place of contact with the stimulus blues, fine bubbles with exudate appear, the problem areas swell. After opening in the erosion zone, infection often penetrates, the inflammatory process develops.
Medical intolerance
Features:
- the reaction of the lightning type, often, heavy;
- swelling the eyelids, face, lips, blushes conjunctivation, rash arises on the body, it develops on the skin and mucous membranes;
- during acute immune response, difficulty breathing, rhinora, pain joints, pressure decrease;
- first aid - give a fast-acting tablet, for example, suprastin. With a strong ethony, immediately call to the "Emergency";
- to warn the re-attack will help the refusal from the unsuitable drug. Required entry in an outpatient map of the name of a dangerous drug. Parents should know what medicines the child had sharp reactions.
Children's eczema
Features:
- true variety appears in the kids under the age of six months;
- symptoms gives the crumb noticeable discomfort: on face, elbows, brushes, neck appears foci of inflammation filled with exudate;
- as the disease develops, the skin dries out, cracks, irritation arises;
- secondary infection - a frequent satellite of a heavy disease: a microbial eczema is developing;
- against the background of constant itching, the kid whirlpools, sleeps badly, is weakly gaining weight. In advanced cases, life-threatening complications are possible.
Effective methods and treatment rules
How to treat allergies in a child? The elimination of skin reactions improves the condition of the small patient. Treatment of allergies in children is carried out according to the similar scheme.
Therapy consists of several stages:
- detection of allergen, elimination of contact with the stimulus;
- food with the exception of high-caliped foods, with difficulty with determining the inappropriate type of food;
- rejection of the reception of certain medicines;
- purpose: kids are suitable drops and medicinal syrups, tablets - only from 6, sometimes - from 12 years. With moderate and light degree of allergermatosis, prescribe ,. With acute form - ,;
- ointments, gels and with anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, wound-healing effect. Children recommended non-flag immigrants: short, Phenolic gel, Bepanten, Skin-cap, Epelion, Desitin, La Cree. With a heavy form of inflammation, hormonal agents are needed: Elok and Advanta (other names are too toxic for young patients);
- . Preparations actively absorb toxins, allergens, decay products, drug residues, remove harmful components from the body. The reception of sorbent means cleans blood and lymph, is positively reflected in the state of the skin. Polysorb, sorbex, multisorption, smecta, lactofilm ,;
- . Summies, therapeutic baths with decoction of medicinal herbs eliminate itching, soften the epidermis, reduce inflammation. Herbs are useful: sage, chamomile, yarrow, mint, calendula. A good effect gives the use of a collection of two-three plant species. On the recommendation of the doctor, children are appointed
How to distinguish allergic rashes from infectious ailments
The table contains the features of rash, other reactions against the background of increased sensitization of the body and characteristic signs of rubella, measles, windmills, other similar diseases with acute flow.
Signs Allergy Infectious diseases Rash on the body Small rash or large red blisters. During eczema, crusts, erosion, serous wells appear atopic dermatitis The rash is often visible on different parts of the body, but the guns and red specks are rarely merged into a solid affected surface. Localization area of \u200b\u200brash Chin, cheeks, forehead, elbows, knees, buttocks, inguinal folds, neck, forearm Small rash covered hands, legs, back, face, various zones on the body Heat Rarely rises: with a heavy form of allergies Many infectious diseases are accompanied by high temperatures - The body struggles with dangerous viruses and microbes Felicness of fabrics and internal organs From light swelling to heavy shape - angioedema edema It rarely arises Skin itch Develops in most patients with allergermatosis Noted not with all types of diseases Additional signs Tearing, redness of the eyelids and conjunctivations, a decrease in pressure, dedication, digestive disorders, shortness of breath appears often. Liquid transparent mucus constantly flows from the nose, the patient sneezes, sometimes the child torments an allergic cough The discharge from the nose is thick, as the condition improves, the color changes, disappears the unpleasant odor. Characteristic signs: Lomotic in body, general weakness. Power reaction Rashes gradually or quickly disappear after receiving tablets / drops / allergy syrups The rash often holds the entire period of the disease. Specks, nodules as you dried up, fall out, dark traces remain on the body The appearance of allergic rash in children is a signal for parents. It is important to know, under what diseases the skin reactions are developing, how to distinguish atopic dermatitis, ancase, urticaria from infectious diseases. Photos of rams with diseases against the background of increased sensitization of the body will be useful to parents that pay attention to the prevention and treatment of allergic pathologies.
