An anti-aircraft missile weapon belongs to the rocket arms of the Earth-Air class and is intended for the destruction of the enemy's air attack with anti-aircraft controlled missiles (Zur). It is represented by various systems.

The system of anti-aircraft missile weapon (anti-aircraft missile system) is a set of an anti-aircraft missile complex (SPC) and means that ensure its use.

An anti-aircraft missile complex is a set of functionally related combat and technical means designed to damage the air targets with anti-aircraft controlled missiles.

The SPK includes means of detection, identification and target designation, Flight Control Tools, one or more launchers (PU) from Zur, Technical Media and Electric Power Supplies.

The technical basis of the SPC is the Sur Management System. Depending on the accepted control system, complexes of the television management zur, the homing of ZUR, the combined control of Zur. Each SPC has certain combat properties, features whose combination can serve as classification features that allow it to be attributed to a certain type.

The combat properties of the SPC include all-weather, noiselessness, mobility, versatility, reliability, degree of automation of combat work processes, etc.

All Construction - the ability of the SPC to destroy air targets in all weather conditions. There are all-weather and non-symptoms. The latter ensure the destruction of the goals under certain weather conditions and the time of day.

Noise immunity - a property that allows SPD to destroy air targets under interference conditions created by the enemy to suppress electronic (optical) tools.

Mobility is a property that is manifested in the transportability and time of the transition from a hiking position in combat and from the battle-hiking. The relative mobility rate can serve as the total time required to change the starting position in the specified conditions. Part of Mobility is maneuverability. The most mobile is considered a complex with more transportability and requires less time to make a maneuver. Mobile complexes can be self-propelled, towed and portable. Non-purpose SPC is called stationary.

Universality - a property characterizing the technical capabilities of the SPC to destroy air targets in a large range of ranges and heights.

Reliability - the ability to function normally under specified operating conditions.

According to the degree of automation, anti-aircraft missile systems are automatic, semi-automatic and non-automatic. In automatic SPC, all operations for detection, maintaining goals and guidance of missiles are carried out by automata without human participation. In semi-automatic and non-automatic SPC in solving a number of tasks, a person takes part.

Anti-aircraft missile systems are distinguished by the number of target and rocket channels. Complexes that ensure simultaneous support and shelling one goal are called single-channel, and several targets are multichannel.

VSS C-300BM "ANTEY-2500"

The world's only mobile air defense system, which can intercept the ballistic missiles of small and medium-range (up to 2500 km). Annaya "can knock down a modern aircraft, including the invisibility of Staelth. The purpose of "Antei" is named to hit simultaneously four or two zur 9m83 missiles (9m83m) (depending on the used launcher). In addition to russian army Concern "Almaz - Antey" supplies "Antey" in Venezuela; A contract with Egypt is also signed. But Iran in 2015 refused him in favor of S-300 SPC.

VSS C-300V

The military self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system C-Z00V carries two types of rockets. The first is 9m82 in order to knock down the ballistic "perisms" and SRAM aircraft missiles, as well as far-flying aircraft. The second is 9m83, for the defeat of aircraft and ballistic missiles of the Lance type and P-17 "Speed".

Autonomous VSS TOR

Wearing the proud name of the Scandinavian deity SPK "Thor" can cover not only infantry and equipment, but also buildings and industrial facilities. "Tor" protects, including from high-precision weapons, managed by air bombs and drones of the enemy. At the same time, the system itself controls the designated airspace and self confuses all air targets that are not identified by the "own foreign one" system. Therefore, she is called autonomous.

Anti-missile complex OSA and its modifications "OSA-AK" and "OSA-AKM"

Since the 60s of the 20th century, OSA is in service with Soviet, and subsequently the Russian army and the armies of the CIS countries, as well as more than 25 countries of foreign countries. It is able to protect the ground troops from airplanes, helicopters and winged rockets The enemies acting on extremely small, small and medium heights (up to 5 m at a distance of up to 10 km).

SPM MD-PS of high security functioning

The MD-PS secrecy is provided by using optical means of detecting and guiding the rocket on infrared radiation of the target in the wave range of 8-12 microns. The detection system has a circular review and can simultaneously find up to 50 goals and choose the most dangerous. The guidance is carried out on the principle "shot-forgot" (rockets with homing heads that "see" target).

Tunguska

The anti-aircraft gun rocket complex "Tunguska" is the air defense radius. In battle, it covers the infantry from helicopters and assault aviation acting at low altitudes, and shells a legogerer-organized land and floating technique. The fire she opens not only from the place, but also in motion - only there was no fog and snowfall. In addition to the Zur9m311 missiles, Tunguska is equipped with anti-aircraft guns 2A38, which can turn to the sky to an angle of 85 degrees.

"Pine - Ra"

Light mobile towed anti-aircraft gun-rocket complex "Pine-Ra", as well as "Tunguska", is equipped with an anti-aircraft gun that amazes targets at an altitude of up to 3 km. But the main advantage of "Pine-Ra" is a hyperzvukovka rocket 9m337 "Pine-Ra", which shoots the height of up to 3,500 meters. The lesion range is from 1.3 to 8 km. "Pine-ra" - a light complex; This means that it can be put on any platform that will endure its weight - Ural-4320 trucks, KAMAZ-4310 and others.

New

Anti-aircraft missile system of large and medium range S-400 "Triumph"

The defeat of the goals for a large range in the Russian army provides, among other things, the VRS C-400 "Triumph". It is designed to destroy the air-space attack funds, and is able to intercept the goal at a distance of more than 200 kilometers and at an altitude of up to 30 km. In service with the Russian army "Triumph" stands since 2007.

"Poles-C1"

Pacre-C1 PCPK was adopted in 2012. Its automatic cannon and controlled rockets with infrared and radar tracking allow you to neutralize any target in the air, not land and on the water. Panciro-C1 is armed with 2 anti-aircraft guns and 12 land-air missiles.

SPK "Pine"

Mobile anti-aircraft missile complex of the near radius of the action "Pine" is the last Russian novelty; The complex will receive only at the end of this year. It has two parts - armor-piercing and fragant-rod action, that is, can beat both armored vehicles, strengthening and ships, shoot down the winged rockets, drones and high-precision weapons. "Pine" is guided by a laser: the rocket flies over the beam.

Air defense is a complex of steps and b / actions of troops against the control of the air attack of the enemy in order to disgust (decrease) the loss among population, damage to objects and military groups from air strikes. For the reflection (breakdown) of the attacks (blows) of the air enemy, air defense systems are formed.

Full air defense complex covers systems:

• Intelligence of the air enemy, translating actions about it for troops;
• Fighter aircraft assistance;
• An anti-aircraft assassolution;
• RES organization;
• Masking;
• Managerial, etc.

Air defense happens:

• Zone - to protect individual areas, within which covers are placed;
• Zonal-object - for combining zonal air defense with a direct barrier of particularly important objects;
• Object - for the defense of individual particularly important objects.

The world experience of wars turned the air defense to one of the most important components in the general military battle. In August 1958, formed troops anti-heart defense Ground forces, and later, organized military air defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Until the end of the fifties, the air defense of the SV was equipped with anti-aircraft articles of the pore, as well as specially designed transported anti-aircraft missile systems. Along with this, in order to securely cover the troops in the combat actions of the mobile form, it was necessary to have high and highly efficient SPK, due to the increase in used air attack.

Together with the fight against tactical aviation, air defense troops were also affected by martial helicopters, unmanned and remote-manned aircraft, winged rockets, as well as strategic aviation of the enemy.

In the mid-seventies, the organization of the first generation of anti-aircraft missile armaments of air defense troops was over. The troops received the latest air defense missiles and famous: "Circles", "Cuba", "Osse-AK", "Arrows-1 and 2", "Screws", new radar and many other newest techniques. Almost all aerodynamic goals were easily affected by the formed anti-aircraft missile complexes, so they took part in local wars and armed conflicts.

By that time, the newest means of air attacks were already developing and improved. These were tactical, operational-tactical, strategic ballistic rockets and high-precision weapons. Unfortunately, the system of armaments of the first generation of air defense troops did not provide solutions to the tasks to cover the military groups from attacks with these weapons.

There was a need to develop and apply systemic approaches to the argument of the classification and arms properties of the second generation. It was required to create arms systems balanced by classifications and types of affected objects and a list of SPM, combined into a single control system equipped with radar reconnaissance, communications and techniques. And such weapons systems created. In the eighties, the air defense troops were fully provided with C-Z00V, "torments", "beech-m1", "Arlas-10m2", "Tungusca", "needles" and the latest radar.

In anti-aircraft missile and anti-aircraft rocket-artillery units, parts and connections have been changed. They became inalienable component parts in the general formations from battalions to front-line associations and became a single air defense system in military districts. This increased the effectiveness of combat applications in the groups of military air defense of military districts and provided the power of the firing effect on the enemy with high density of fire from anti-aircraft guns on the heights and distances.

At the end of the nineties to improve the command, in the air defense troops, units, military units and air defense units of the Navy coastal protection, military units and departments of air defense units, in the compounds and military units of the Supreme Commander's air defense unit, change occurred. They were united into military air defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Tasks of military air defense

The compounds and parts of the military air defense are solved by the assignments of the tasks for the interaction with the forces and means of the aircraft and the Navy.

The following tasks are assigned to military air defense.

In peacetime:

• Activities for maintaining air defense of military districts, compounds, parts and units of air defense of the Navy, parts and units of air defense unit in combat readiness for advanced deployments and reflections together with the forces and means of air defense systems of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation attacks;
• B / duty units within the zone of the Military Districts and in the General PVA state systems;
• The sequence of increasing the combat compositions in the compounds and parts of the air defense, which perform tasks on combat duty when the highest degrees of b / readiness are introduced.

In wartime:

• Events on the complex, held in the depth of the cover from attacks by means of air attacks by an opponent for the grouping of troops, military districts (fronts) and military facilities across the depth of them operational constructionAt the same time, interacting with the forces and means of air defense and other types and childbirth of the Armed Forces;
• Activities for the direct cover, which includes combined-arms associations and compounds, as well as compounds, parts and divisions of the coast guard of the Navy, compounds and part of the Airborne Forces, rocket troops and artillery in the form of groups, aviation airfields, command items, the most important rear objects in the areas of concentration, during extensions, classes of these zones and during operations (b / actions).

Directions of improving and developing military air defense

The military air defense troops today is the main and most numerous component of military air defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They are combined with a slim hierarchical structure with the inclusion of front-line, army (cabinet) complexes of air defense troops, as well as partitions of air defense, motorized rifle (tank) divisions, motorized rifle brigades, air defense units by motorized rifle and tank shelves, battalions.

The air defense troops in the military districts have connections, parts and units of air defense, which have various anti-aircraft missile systems / complexes at their disposal for destinations and potentials.

They are connected by intelligence and information complexes and control complexes. This gives in certain circumstances to form effective multifunctional air defense systems. So far, the weapons of Russian military air defense are one of the best on the planet.

The most important areas in the improvement and development of military air defense in total include:

• Optimization of organizational and standard structures in controls, compounds and parts of air defense, respectively, assigned tasks;
• Modernization in anti-aircraft missile systems and complexes, intelligences in order to extend the deadlines for the exploitation and their integration of the Unified System in the state and in the Armed Forces with the functions of non-strategic missile funds in the theaters of hostilities;
• Developing and maintaining uniform techniques to reduce the types of weapons, in / machinery, their uniformity and non-duplication in development;
• Ensuring promising armaments of air defense systems with the latest means of automating control, communication, active, passive and other unconventional specification types, multifunctional anti-aircraft and complexes of the NEW generation using the criteria of "efficiency - value - realizability";
• Conducting a complex of collective b / training of military air defense air defense with other troops, taking into account the upcoming combat missions and features of the deployment areas, with the concentrations of major efforts in the preparation of compounds, parts and air defense units, high b / readiness;
• Formation, provision and preparation of reserves for flexible response to changes in circumstances, strengthening grouping of air defense troops, replenishment of losses of personnel, weapons and military equipment;
• Improving the training of officers in the structure of a military training system, an increase in the level of their fundamental (basic) knowledge and practical training and sequence in the transition to continuous military education.

It is planned that soon the IAS system will be occupied by one of the dominant directions in the strategic defense of the state and in the armed forces will become one of the components, and in the future it will be almost a major deterrent in unleashing wars.

The air defense systems are one of the fundamental in the ECF system. To date, the part of the military air defense is able to perfectly solve the tasks of anti-aircraft and, to some extent, non-strategic missile defensive measures in the groups of troops on operational-strategic directions. As practice shows, on tactical exercises with the use of combat shooting, all available means of military air defense of Russia are able to hit the winged rockets.

The air defense in the ISR system and in its armed forces tend to grow proportionally ascending to the threats of air attacks. When resolving tasks, it will require an agreed general use of multiple air defense troops and rocket-space defense at the operational and strategic directions as the most effective than separate. This will happen due to the possibility of one plan and under uniapringly combine strength together with the benefits of multiple weapons and mutual compensation for their shortcomings and weaknesses.

The improvement of air defense systems is impracticable without further modernizing existing arms, re-equipment of air defense troops in military districts in the most modern VRS and SPK, in the delivery of the latest automated control systems and communication.

The main focus in the development of Russian air defense tools is today:

• Continue experimental work to create highly efficient arms samples that will have qualitative indicators that would not be able to be surpassed foreign counterparts for 10-15 years;
• Create a promising multifunctional armament system of military air defense. It will give a push to create a flexible organizational and staff structure for the execution of specific b / tasks. Such a system should be integrated with the main weapons of the ground forces, and act comprehensively with other types of troops during the solution of air defense problems;
• Introduce automated control complexes with robotization and artificial intelligence to reflect further increase in opponents' potentials and increase the effectiveness of used air defense b / applications;
• Provide samples of air defense arms with electronic optical instruments, television systems, thermal imagers to ensure the combat capability of the VIS and SPC in the conditions of intensive interference, which will reduce the dependence of air defenses from the weather;
• Widely use passive location and Reeb tools;
• Reorienate the concept of prospects for developing arms and IF equipment, conduct a fundamental modernization of existing arms and to / technology to give a significant increase in the effectiveness of combat use with low costs.

PVA Day

Air defense day is a memorable day in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. He is celebrated every year, every second Sunday in April, in accordance with the decree of the Russian president of May 31, 2006.

For the first time, this holiday was determined by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the decree of February 20, 1975. It was established for those outstanding merits, which showed the troops of the Soviet state air defense during the Second World War, and also for the fact that they were carried out especially important tasks in peace watches. Initially, he was celebrated on April 11, but in October 1980, the air defense post was transferred to celebrate His second Sunday in April.

The history of the date of the holiday is related to the fact that, in fact, in April periods, the most important decisions of the government on the organization of the state air defense were adopted, which became the basis for the construction of air defense systems, determined the organizational structure of the troops in it, their formation and further development.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that as the threats of air attacks increase the role and importance of military airflows will be only increased, which has already been confirmed by time.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments under the article. We or our visitors will gladly respond to them

The anti-aircraft missile complex "Strela-10" is intended for the immediate cover of units and parts of the ground troops in all types of combat and march, as well as small-sized military and civilian objects from impact of low-testicular air attack (aircraft, helicopters, winged rockets, unmanned aircraft ) If they are visual visibility.

It is intended for self-defense of surface ships and auxiliary vessels from anti-religious missiles, airplanes and helicopters, as well as for firing for surface targets. Radar station The complex provides detection of target targets up to 30 km. It is also possible to accept targeted designation from ship facilities.

It is intended to defeat carrier aircraft anti-workers and anti-rockets and leaders of active interference of the cover outside the self-defense zone of the order ships, reflecting the massive raids of air attack - airplanes of tactical and deck aviation, winged rockets, including flying on extremely low altitudes over the sea surface, maneuver and in the conditions of radioperentiation.

It is intended for self-defense of ships and civilians from massive attacks of low-fat anti-religious missiles, unmanned and manned means of air attack, as well as small superwater ships, including screenoplas, in conditions of intensive radioprotection.

Designed for collective defense of ships and convoys from attacks of anti-workers (PCR) and aircraft, as well as to protect extended sectors of the sea coast. The complex may reflect the simultaneous attack of SN from various directions.

Designed for air defense of troops, objects of military rear and objects in the country and ensures the defeat of aircraft of strategic and tactical aircraft, tactical ballistic missiles, winged missiles, aviation missiles and controlled bombs, helicopters, including hanging, in the conditions of intensive radio and fire Countering the enemy.

Air defense system "Favorit" - the 300PMU2 anti-aircraft missile system with 48H6E2 missiles and 83m6e2 products - intended for defense of the most important administrative, industrial and military facilities from blows of air attack funds, including non-strategic ballistic missiles flying at speeds 2800 m / s, as well as rockets that have a small efficient scattering area (from 0.02 m2).

Mobile multichannel anti-aircraft missile system C-300PMU1 is intended for defense of the most important administrative, industrial and military facilities from the blows of air attack funds, including non-strategic ballistic missiles flying at a speed of up to 2800 m / s, as well as missiles with a small efficient scattering area ( from 0.02 m2). VSS C-300PMU1 is fundamentally new in relation to the previous S-300PMU system and makes up the current basis of the country's air defense. Applied on the ships of the Navy and put in a row foreign states. S-300PMU1 system can lead martialctions Autonomously, for the purpose designation from the control facility (SU) 83M6E, and according to information from the attached autonomous means of targeting.

Anti-aircraft gun rocket complex (Tunguska-M1 "(the last modification of the Tunguska SRAP) is designed to cover the troops and objects from the blows of the air attack tools, and primarily the helicopters of fire support and assault aviation operating on extremely small, small and middle heights, as well as for shooting in light-fertilized land and surface targets.

Anti-aircraft missile systems based on aviation means of defeat

Said Aminov, chief Editor Internet site "Bulletin air defense" (PVA.RF)

Basic provisions:

Today, a number of companies are actively developing and promoting new air defense complexes, the basis of which is used from ground-based installation plants of air-air rockets applicable;

Given the large number of aviation missiles in service different countriesThe creation of such SPC can be very promising.

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating zenitite rocket complexes On the basis of aviation means of defeat is not Nova. Back in the 1960s. The United States has created self-propelled short-range SIPARRAL SPEA with Sidewinder Aviation Rocket and SEA SPARROW Male SPARROW AIM-7E-2 Sparrow Aviation Rocket Sprink. These complexes were widespread and applied in hostilities. At the same time, a terrestrial SPADA SPADA Sprink (and its ship variant Albatros) was created in Italy, which uses anti-aircraft controlled ASPIDE rockets to sparrow.

Nowadays, the United States returned to the design of "hybrid" air defense systems on the basis of the Raytheon AIM-120 AMRAAM Aviation Rocket. Slamraam Slamraam Created for a long time, designed to complement in the land forces and the US Marine Corps of the United States, the Avenger complex, theoretically can become one of the best-selling in foreign markets, given the number of countries that are in service with AIM-120 aviation missiles. An example of the American-Norwegian NASAMS SPC, which was also created on the basis of Rockets AIM-120, can be used as an example.

The European Group MBDA promotes the Vertical Start based on the French Aviation Rocket MICA, and the German company Diehl BGT Defence is based on the IRIS-T missile.

Russia also does not stand aside - in 2005, the Corporation "Tactical Rocket Arms" (CTRV) presented at the airline Max information on the Aviation RVV-AE Aviation Rocket Aviation Rocket. This rocket with an active radar guidance system is intended for use with fourth-generation aircraft, has a range of 80 km of lesion and exported in large quantities as part of the SU-30MK family fighters and MiG-29 in China, Algeria, India and other countries. True, information on the development of the zenith version of the RVV-AE has not been received recently.

Chaparral (USA)

Self-propelled all-weather SPC Chaparral was developed by Ford based on the SIDEWINDER 1C (AIM-9D) aviation missile database. The complex was adopted by the American army in 1969, and since then has been repeatedly upgraded. In combat conditions, Chaparral was first applied by the Israeli army at the Golan altitudes in 1973, and subsequently was used by Israel in 1982 during the Israeli Occupation of Lebanon. However, by the beginning of the 1990s. SPK Chaparral is hopelessly outdated and was removed from the US weapon, and then Israel. Now he remained in operation only in Egypt, Colombia, Morocco, Portugal, Tunisia and Taiwan.

SEA SPARROW (USA)

SEA SPARROW is one of the most massive ship-free SPC NATO NATO countries. The complex was created on the basis of the RIM-7 rocket - the modified version of the air-air rocket AIM-7F Sparrow. Tests began 1967, and since 1971 the complex began to enter the US Navy.

In 1968, Denmark, Italy and Norway came to an agreement with the US Navy on joint work on the modernization of SEA SPARROW SPARROW in the framework of international cooperation. As a result, a unified air defense set of NATO NATO SPARROW Missile System was developed (NATO SEA SPARROW MISSILE SYSTEM), mass production which is conducted since 1973

Now for SEA SPARROW SPRW offers a new RIM-162 ESSM anti-aircraft missile (Evolved Sea Sparrow Missiles), the development of which began in 1995 by the international consortium led by the American company Raytheon. The consortium includes companies from Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Spain, Greece, Holland, Italy, Norway, Portugal and Turkey. The new rocket can start both with inclined and vertical starting plants. The RIM-162 ESSM anti-aircraft missile is in service with 2004. The final anti-aircraft missile RIM-162 ESSM is also planned to be used in the American Land Slamraam ER Sprink (see below).

RVV-AE-SPC (Russia)

In our country, research works (NIR) on the use of aviation missiles in SPC began in the mid-1980s. In Nir "Kleenka", the Vympel Statebook Specialists (today is included in the CTRV) confirmed the possibility and feasibility of use as part of the R-27P Rocket Rocket, and in the early 1990s. Nir "Yelnik" showed the possibility of using the air-air air-air rocket type of RVV-AE (P-77) in a VERC with a vertical start. The layout of the modified rocket under the designation of the RVV-AE-SPC was demonstrated in 1996 at the international show in Athens at the Vympel State Class Stand. However, until 2005, new references to the zenith version of the RVV-AE did not appear.

Possible starting setting of promising SPC on artpotion anti-aircraft gun C-60 GosMKB "Vympel"

During the aircraft, Max-2005, the Corporation "Tactical Rocket Arms" presented the anti-aircraft version of the RVV-AE missile without external changes from the aviation rocket. The RVV-AE rocket was placed in a transport and launch container (TPK) and had a vertical start. According to the developer, the rocket is proposed to apply on air targets from ground-based installations that are part of anti-aircraft missile or anti-aircraft artillery complexes. In particular, the schemes for the placement of four TPKs with RVV-AE were distributed on the wagon of the C-60 anti-aircraft gun, and also suggested to modernize the SQADAT Sprink (the export version of the Cube Sprink) by placing the TPK with RVV-AE on the start-up setting.

RVV-AE anti-aircraft rocket in a transport and starting container in the exposure of Vympel State Corporation (Corporation "Tactical Rocket Arms") at the MAKS-2005 Said Amina exhibition

Due to the fact that, according to the composition of the equipment, the zenith version of the RVV-AE is almost no different from the aviation and there is no starting accelerator, the start is performed using a marching engine from the transport and starting container. Because of this, the maximum start range dropped from 80 to 12 km. The RVV-AE anti-aircraft version was created in collaboration with the Almaz-Antea air defense concern.

After the max-2005 reports on the implementation of this project from open sources were not received. Now the Aviation version of the RVV-AE consists in service with Algeria, India, China, Vietnam, Malaysia and other countries, in a number of which there are also Soviet artillery and missile complexes of air defense systems.

PRACKA (Yugoslavia)

The first examples of using aviation missiles in the role of zenith in Yugoslavia belong to the mid-1990s, when the Bosnian Serbs army created a SPC on the TAM-150 truck chassis with two guides for the R-13 Soviet Development missiles with infrared guidance. It was a "handicraft" modification and, it seems, has never had an official designation.

Self-propelled anti-aircraft installation based on R-3 missiles (AA-2 "Atoll") was first shown in public in 1995 (source of Vojske Krajine)

Another simplified system, known as Pracka ("Prachant"), was a R-60 rocket with infrared guidance on an improvised start-up installation on the basis of a boom of a towed 20-mm anti-aircraft gun M55. The real combat effectiveness of such a system seemed to be low, given such a deficiency, as a very small launch range.

Towed handicraft "ROSTAR" with a rocket based on air-air rockets with IR Head of the self-impeding R-60

The beginning of the NATO Air Campaign against Yugoslavia in 1999 pushed the engineers of this country to create anti-aircraft missile systems. Specialists of the VTI Military Institute and the VTO Air Testing Center promptly developed PRACKA RL-2 and RL-4 SPACE Sprink, armed with two-stage rockets. Prototypes of both systems were created on the basis of the chassis of self-propelled anti-aircraft installation With a 30-mm double-rich gun of Czech production type M53 / 59, more than 100 of which were in service with Yugoslavia.

New options for the Praft SPC with two-stage rockets based on the R-73 and R-60 aircraft missiles at the exhibition in Belgrade in December 2004 VUKASIN MILOSEVIC, 2004

The RL-2 system was created on the basis of the Soviet R-60 MC Rocket with the first step in the form of an accelerator of a similar caliber. The accelerator appears to be created by a combination of a 128-mm jet rocket engine volley fire and large tail stabilizers installed crosswise.

VUKASIN MILOSEVIC, 2004

The RL-4 rocket was created on the basis of the Soviet R-73 missile, also equipped with an accelerator. It is possible that accelerators for RL-4

created on the basis of the Soviet 57-mm aviation unmanaged aircraft missiles of type C-5 (a package of six missiles in a single case). The unnamed Serbian source in a conversation with a representative of the Western press stated that this SPC was successful. R-73 rockets are significantly superior to the R-60 on the sensitivity of the head of homing and reaching the range and altitude, representing a significant threat to NATO aircraft.

VUKASIN MILOSEVIC, 2004

It is unlikely that RL-2 and RL-4 had large chances to independently carry out successful firing on suddenly appearing targets. These SPK depend on the air defense points or an advanced point of observation in order to have at least some idea of \u200b\u200bthe direction on the target and the approximate time of its appearance.

VUKASIN MILOSEVIC, 2004

Both prototypes were created by VTO and VTI staff, and in open sources there is no information about how many test launches were carried out (and whether they were held at all). The prototypes remained in service throughout the NATO bombardment campaign in 1999. Informal reports suggest that RL-4 could be applied in hostilities, but there are no confirmation of the fact that RL-2 missiles launched on NATO aircraft. After the completion of the conflict, both systems were removed from weapons and returned to VTI.

Spyder (Israel)

Israeli Rafael and IAI companies have developed and promote in the foreign markets of the SPYDER small range on the basis of Rafael Python 4 or 5 and Derby aircraft missiles, respectively with infrared and active radar guidance. For the first time, the new complex was introduced in 2004 at the Indian Arms Exhibition Defexpo.

Experimental PU SPYDER, on which Rafael worked out the Jane complex "s

SPYDER SPC is able to hit air targets to 15 km and at altitudes up to 9 km. In service Spyder - four Python and Derby missiles in TPK on the chassis of the TATRA-815 chassis with the 8x8 wheel formula. Start missile inclined.

Indian version of SPYDER SPYDER at the airplane in Bourget in 2007 Said Aminov

Derby Rockets, Python-5 and Iron Dome at Defexpo-2012

The main export customer of the SPYDER small range of SPYDER is India. In 2005, Rafael won in the appropriate tender of the Indian Air Force, while companies from Russia and South Africa were competitors. In 2006, Four Starting Installations SPYDER SPYDER were sent to India to test the tests that were successfully completed in 2007. The final contract for the supply of 18 Spyder complexes totaling $ 1 billion was signed in 2008. It is planned that the systems will be Posted in 2011-2012. Also, SPYDER SPY was purchased by Singapore.

Singapore Air Force Spyder SPYDER

At the end of hostilities in Georgia in August 2008, evidence of the SPYDER SPYDER SPYDER battery has evidence of the Georgian military, as well as their uses against Russian aviation. So, for example, in September 2008, a photo of the head part of Python 4 missile with serial number 11219 was published. Later there were two photos, dated August 19, 2008, captured by Russian or South Ossetian military installation SPYDER SPYDER Four Rockets on the chassis Romanian production Roman 6x6. On one of the rockets is visible serial number 11219.

Georgian SPYDER SPC

VL MICA (Europe)

The European Concern MBDA since 2000 promotes VL MICA SPK, the basis of the weapon of which is MICA's aircraft missiles. The first demonstration of the new complex took place in February 2000 at the ASIAN AEROSPACE exhibition in Singapore. And already in 2001, the tests on the French landfill in Landakh began. In December 2005, the MBDA concern was a contract for the creation of a VL MICA VL for the Armed Forces of France. It was planned that these complexes would provide facilities air defense air defense bases, parts in the combat order of land forces and used as a ship air defense. However, so far the procurement of the complex by the Armed Forces of France has not begun. The Aviation version of the MICA missile consists in the arms of the French Air Force and the Navy (they are equipped with Rafale and Mirage 2000 fighters), in addition MICA are in service with the UAE Air Force, Greece and Taiwan (Mirage 2000).

Layout of Ship PU SERSK VL MICA at Lima-2013

The VL MICA land version includes a command post, a three-coordinate detection radar and from three to six launchers with four transport and starting containers. VL MICA components can be installed on standard high-pass vehicles. Anti-aircraft missiles of the complex can be with an infrared or active radar head of the homing, completely identical to aviation options. The TPK for the VL MICA land version is identical to the TPK for the VL MICA ship modification. In the basic configuration of the ship's VL MICA, the launcher is eight TPK with MICA missiles in a different combination of homing heads.

Mockup self-propelled PU VL MICA at Lima-2013 exhibition

In December 2007, the VL MICA SPC was ordered by Oman (for the three Khareef project Corvettes under construction under construction), subsequently these complexes purchased Morocco Navy (for the three Corvette Corvettes under construction) and the United Arab Emirates (for two small rocket corvettes Project Falaj 2). In 2009, the Paris Aviasalon Romania announced the acquisition of VL MICA and Mistral complex at the MBDA Concern for the country's Air Force, although to the present delivery to Romanians began.

IRIS-T (Europe)

Within the framework of the European Initiative to create a promising AIM-9 Sidewinder, a consortium of countries, headed by Germany, created an IRIS-T rocket to a lesion to 25 km. Development and production is carried out by Diehl BGT Defence in partnership with enterprises of Italy, Sweden, Greece, Norway and Spain. The rocket member countries was adopted in December 2005. The IRIS-T rocket can be applied from a wide range of fighter aircraft, including Typhoon, Tornado, Gripen, F-16, F-18 aircraft. The first export customer IRIS-T was made by Austria, a later rocket was ordered by South Africa and Saudi Arabia.

Iris-T self-propelled start-up layout on the exhibition in Bourges-2007

In 2004, Diehl BGT Defense began to develop promising SPC using the IRIS-T Aviation Rocket. Since 2008, IRIS-T SLS complex has been undergoing polygon tests, mainly on the South African Overberg polygon. The IRIS-T rocket starts vertically from the start-up installation mounted on the chassis of a low-tonnage truck of increased passability. The detection of air targets provides the RLS of the Circular Review of Giraffe AMB Development of the Swedish SAAB. The maximum lesion range exceeds 10 km.

In 2008, an upgraded Pu was demointed at ILA in Berlin

In 2009, Diehl BGT Defence introduced an upgraded version of the IRIS-T SL SL with a new rocket, the maximum lesion range of which should be 25 km. The rocket is equipped with an improved rocket engine, as well as systems automatic transmission Data and GPS navigation. The tests of the improved complex were carried out at the end of 2009 at the South African landfill.

Starting Installation of German IRIS-T SL SP 25.6.2011 at Dubendorf Miroslav Gyürösi Air Base

In accordance with the decision of the German authorities, the new version of the SPC was planned to integrate into promising MEADS SPCs (created jointly with the US and Italy), as well as to ensure interaction with Patriot PAC-3 SPC. However, the declared US and Germany exit in 2011 from the MEADS Program makes extremely uncertain prospects for both MEADS itself and the anti-aircraft version of the IRIS-T missile that planned to integrate. The complex may be offered to IRIS-T aircraft operators.

NASAMS (USA, NORWAY)

The concept of the SPK using AIM-120 aviation missile was proposed in the early 1990s. The American company Hughes Aircraft (now enters Raytheon) when creating a promising SPC on the AdSAMS program. In 1992, the Adsams complex was released, but in the future this project was not developed. In 1994, Hughes Aircraft concluded a contract for the development of NASAMS Sprink (Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System), whose architecture has largely repeated the ADSAMS project. The development of the NASAMS complex in conjunction with Norsk Forsvarteknologia (is now included in the Kongsberg Defence group) was successfully completed, and in 1995 its production for Norway Air Force was launched.

The NASAMS SPC consists of a command item, the Raytheon AN / TPQ-36A and three triggered installations. On the starting setting there are six AIM-120 missiles.

In 2005, Kongsberg received a contract for the complete integration of NASAMS's Norwegian SPC in the United NATO air defense system. Modernized SPC under the designation of Nasams II entered the Norwegian Air Force in 2007.

SPK NASAMS II of the Ministry of Defense of Norway

For the Ground Forces of Spain in 2003, four NASAMS SPC were delivered, as well as one SPC was transferred to the United States. In December 2006, the Netherlands Ground Troops ordered six modernized NASAMS II SPCs, the supply began in 2009. In April 2009, Finland decided to replace the three divisions of the Russian SPC "Beech-M1" on Nasams II. The estimated cost of the Finnish contract - 500 million euros.

Now Raytheon and Kongsberg are jointly developing the Hawk-Amraam Sprink, using AIM-120 AIM-120 Aviation Rockets on Universal Starting Installations and Sentinel Detection Raps.

LET HIGH MOBILITY LAUNCHER Nasams Amraam on FMTV Raytheon chassis

Claws / Slamraam (USA)

From the beginning of the 2000s. In the United States, a promising mobile SPC is developed on the basis of AIM-120 AMRAAM Aviation Rocket, similar to its characteristics with russian rocket Middle RVV-AE (R-77). Raytheon Corporation is a head developer and manufacturer. Boeing company acts as a subcontractor and is responsible for the development and production of the command item to control the Fire SPC.

In 2001, the US Marine Corps concluded a contract with Raytheon to create CLAWS SPC (Complemenary Low-Altitude Weapon System, also known as Humraam). This SPC was a mobile air defense system, which was based on a start-up installation on the basis of an HMMWV army car with four AIM-120 AMRAAM aircraft missiles, launched from inclined guides. The development of the complex is extremely delayed due to repeated coagulation of financing and the absence of clear looks at the pentagon on the need for its acquisition.

In 2004, the US Army ordered Raytheon Corporation to develop Slamraam Surface-Launched Amraam. Since 2008, Slamraam SLAMRAM tests began on polygons, during which the interaction with Patriot and Avenger SPK was also carried out. At the same time, the army as a result refused to use the Easy HMMWV chassis, and the last version of Slamraam was already worked out on the FMTV truck chassis. In general, the development of the system was also sluggish, although it was expected that the new complex will be sent in 2012.

In September 2008, information appeared that the UAE was applied for the purchase of a certain number of Slamraam Slamraam. In addition, this SPC was planned to acquire Egypt.

In 2007, Raytheon offered to significantly improve the combat capabilities of Slamraam Slamraam, adding the composition of its weapons with two new rockets - a low-range aircraft rocket with an AIM-9X infrared guidance and a longer rocket Slamraam-Er. Thus, the upgraded complex was to be able to apply two types of low-range missiles from one launcher: Amraam (up to 25 km) and AIM-9X (up to 10 km). By using the Slamraam-Er missile, the maximum range of lesion of the complex increased to 40 km. The Slamraam-ER missile is developed by Raytheon in an initiative order and is a finalized ESSM ship-off-airing rocket with an amraam aircraft control system. The first tests of the new SL-Amraam-ER missile were held in Norway in 2008.

Meanwhile, in January 2011, there was information that the Pentagon finally decided not to acquire Slamraam Slamraam or for the army or for maritime infantry due to the reduction of budget expenditures, despite the lack of prospects for the modernization of AVENGER SPC. This, apparently, means the completion of the program and makes it difficult to export prospects.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the SPC on the basis of aviation missiles