Composition of a motorized rifle company of the Russian Federation. Russian motorized rifle company. What is a platoon, company, battalion, etc.

Anti-tank platoon

Grenade Platoon

Anti-aircraft missile platoon

Support units

Communications platoon

Reconnaissance Platoon

Support platoon

Platoon Maintenance

Medical Center

Fig.2.1. Organization of SMEs on armored personnel carriers.

A). SME combat units on armored personnel carriers

A motorized rifle company consists of a command and control unit, three motorized rifle platoons and an anti-tank guided missile squad. The organization of MSD is presented in Fig. 2.2.

Motorized rifle battalion of the Russian Army consists of management battalion a, headquarters, combat units and support units. Composition of motorized rifle battalion but little has changed since Soviet times, and all the changes are not fundamental. The main changes affected larger structures: instead of regiments and divisions, brigades appeared, which are now united into corps.
To combat units of motorized rifle battalion and relate
three motorized rifle companies;
mortar battery;
anti-tank platoon;
grenade launcher platoon;
anti-aircraft missile platoon.
In addition, the motorized rifle battalion has service and support units:
communications platoon;
support platoon;
battalion medical center
The battalion command includes the battalion commander - as a rule, this is a major or lieutenant colonel, his deputy for personnel affairs and his deputy for weapons.

Headquarters battalion and includes the chief of staff (also deputy commander battalion a), communications chief battalion a (who is also the commander of a communications platoon), a chemist-instructor (warrant officer) and a clerk (private).
The communications platoon is designed to organize radio and wire communications in units battalion A.
The communications platoon consists of a command armored personnel carrier (the squad commander is also a senior radiotelephonist, an armored personnel carrier driver) and two radio squads, each consisting of a squad commander, a senior radio master of a low-power radio station in the first squad and a senior radiotelephone operator in the second squad, an armored personnel carrier driver-electrician in the first squad and the driver of an armored personnel carrier in the second compartment.
In total, the communications platoon has 13 personnel, 1 command armored personnel carriers, 2 wheeled armored personnel carriers, 22 radio stations, 8 km of cable.
A motorized rifle company is a tactical unit that performs tasks, as a rule, as part of a SME, but can also perform tasks independently in reconnaissance and security, as a tactical airborne assault force or a special detachment behind enemy lines.

A mortar battery is designed to suppress and destroy manpower and fire weapons located openly, in trenches and dugouts, on the reverse slopes of heights and ravines. Depending on the nature of the target, the duration of fire and the consumption of shells, it can suppress manpower in an area of ​​2-4 hectares and conduct barrage fire at a front of up to 400 m.
A mortar battery consists of: a battery command (battery commander, political deputy, sergeant major, medical instructor, senior driver), a control platoon (platoon commander, reconnaissance department, communications department), two fire platoons (each with four). In total, the mortar battery contains: personnel - 66 people, radio stations - 4, mortars - 8, tractor units - 8, cable - 4 km. True, in Lately Instead of two platoons, mortar batteries consist of three platoons, the first two of which are armed with three 2B14 Trays, and the third with three. Sometimes included battalion and the self-propelled battery of mortars turns on. It consists of two platoons of four units.

As part of the Serdyukov-Taburetkin reform, it was planned to completely replace all mortars with six 2S34 Khosta self-propelled howitzers, a modernized version of the well-known one, but now this question is up in the air.

An anti-tank platoon is an artillery fire unit designed to destroy enemy tanks and other armored vehicles. It can also be used to destroy other enemy fire weapons, including those located in fortifications.
An anti-tank platoon consists of a platoon command (platoon commander, deputy platoon commander, 2 machine gun gunners, senior driver, driver), three ATGM squads and three grenade launcher squads.

An ATGM squad consists of a squad commander (also a senior operator), a senior operator, two operators, a machine gunner, a senior driver and a driver of the launch complex or 9M113M Competition M.
The grenade launcher squad consists of a squad commander, a grenade launcher commander, a grenade launcher gunner, and two gun numbers. SPG-9M-1 grenade launchers.
In total, there are 42 people in the anti-tank platoon of personnel, launchers ATGM 9K11-6, grenade launchers SPG-9M - 3, - 5.

An anti-tank platoon is available only in battalion e, whose motorized rifle companies are equipped with guns. In the company, each combat vehicle is equipped with its own. Instead of an anti-tank platoon, the company does not include a machine-gun platoon, consisting of two machine-gun sections of three company machine guns each.

A grenade launcher platoon is designed to destroy enemy personnel and fire weapons located outside of shelters, in open trenches (trenches) and behind folds of terrain.
A grenade launcher platoon consists of a platoon commander, a deputy platoon commander, those squads (in each squad commander, 2 senior grenade launcher gunners, 2 grenade launcher gunners, a machine gunner, senior driver or driver).
In total, the grenade launcher platoon has 26 personnel, 30-mm automatic grenade launchers - 17-6, - 3.
The anti-aircraft missile platoon is designed to destroy enemy aircraft, helicopters, unmanned vehicles and airborne assault forces at low and medium altitudes.
A platoon consists of a platoon commander, a deputy platoon commander (also known as a squad leader), three squads (each with a squad leader, 2 anti-aircraft gunners, a machine gunner, a senior driver and a driver).
In total, the platoon of personnel is 16 people, Strela-2M or Igla launchers are 9, -3.

Medical Center battalion A designed to collect the wounded in battalion e and their evacuation, as well as for provision of medical assistance. The platoon consists of the head of the medical post (warrant officer), a medical instructor, two orderlies, a senior driver, and three driver-medics. The first-aid post has four cars and a 1-AP-1.5 trailer.
The support platoon is designed for uninterrupted logistics support, maintenance of routine repairs of military and transport equipment battalion A,
A platoon consists of a platoon commander (warrant officer) and a deputy platoon commander (who is also a squad leader), from a technical maintenance department, an automobile department, and a business department.

During Soviet times in battalion There was a reconnaissance platoon and an engineer platoon, but the current staff does not provide for them.
The maintenance department consists of a department commander, a senior auto electrician-battery mechanic, a car mechanic (installer), and a driver-car mechanic.
The department has: personnel - 4 people, a workshop for maintaining MTO-AT-1, ZIL-131, ZIL-157 vehicles under MTO-AT-1.
The automobile squad consists of a squad leader (also deputy platoon commander), 3 senior drivers and 5 drivers. The department has: personnel - 9 people, GAZ-66 trucks for personal belongings and company property - 3; GAZ-66 trucks for kitchens and food – 4; trucks - 9, RPK -27, machine guns - 352, RPG - 33, trucks - 20.
In motorized rifle battalion There are 462 personnel, 120-mm mortars - 8, - 6, Strela-2M anti-aircraft launchers - 9, - 42, BMP-2K - 1, - 18, RPK - 27, machine guns - 315, RPGs -7-39.

Organization and arming of SMEs on armored personnel carriers (BMP). TTX AK-74

The motorized rifle battalion consists of: (has 517 l/s personnel)

battalion management

· communications platoon (AF)

3 motorized rifle companies (MSR)

mortar battery (Min. Battery)

anti-tank platoon (PTV)

support platoon (SS)

battalion medical station (MBB)

SME management - 6 people:

1. SME commander (PM, AKS74)

2. deputy battalion commander (PM, AKS74)

3. Deputy commander of the SME for educational work (PM, AKS74)

4. Deputy commander of the SME for weapons (PM, AKS74)

5. Deputy commander of the SME for logistics (PM, AKS74)

6. assistant commander of the SME for artillery (PM, AKS74)

Headquarters - 5 people:

7. Chief of Staff (NS) (PM, AKS74)

8. Deputy of the NS battalion (PM, AKS74)

9. communications chief (communications platoon commander) (PM, AKS74)

10.instructor (PM, AKS74)

11. clerk (AK-74)

company management

3 motorized rifle platoons

Anti-tank squad.

Management of MSR-8 people:

1. company commander (PM, AKS74);

3. senior technician (PM, AKS74);

4th company sergeant major (PM, AKS74);

5. medical instructor (AK-74);

6. machine gunner armored personnel carrier (AK-74);

7. senior driver (AK-74);

8.operator SBR-3 (AK-74);

Platoon control (6 people):

1. commander of MSV (PM);

2.Deputy Com.MSV(AK);

3.sniper (SVD);

4.gunner-medic (AK);

5. PKM machine gun gunner;

6.calculation number (AK-74).

2. machine gunner armored personnel carrier (AK-74);

3. driver (AKS-74U);

4. machine gunner (RPK-74);

7. senior gunner (AK-74);

8.sniper (SVD).

MSO weapons:

Armored personnel carrier (BMP) - 1.

Machine gun RPK-74-1.

RPG-7V-1 grenade launcher.

AvtomatAK-74-4.

3rd operator - (3 people) (AK-74U);

4. machine gunner armored personnel carrier (AK-74U);

5.driver of an armored personnel carrier (AK-74U).

Weapons:

ATGM 9k 115-3.

“Metis” - 1.

TTX AK-74

Tactical and technical characteristics of AK-74/AKS-74/AKS-74U
- Cartridge - 5.45x39
- Operating principle - automation based on the removal of powder gases
- Food - box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds
- Weight - 3.07/2.97/2.485 kg (unloaded): 3.6/3.5/3.0 kg (with loaded magazine); 4.09/3.99/- kg (with bayonet)
- Weapon length - 1089/1089/- mm (with bayonet); 940/940/730 mm (without bayonet);
- Weapon length with folded butt - AKS-74 - 700 mm, AKS-74U - 490 mm
- Barrel length - 415/415/206.5 mm
- Rifling - 4 (right-hand), pitch 200/200/160 mm
- Initial bullet speed - 900/900/735 m/s
- Muzzle energy - 1377/1377/918 J
- Fire modes - single and continuous
- Rate of fire - 600/600/700 rpm
- Rate of fire - 40-100 rpm
- Sighting range - 1000/1000/500 m
- Direct shot range at a tall figure - 625/625/350 m

1. Organization and arming of infantry fighting vehicles on infantry fighting vehicles. TTX BMP-2

A motorized rifle company on an armored personnel carrier consists of a company command, three motorized rifle platoons (each with three motorized rifle squads) and an anti-tank machine gun platoon, consisting of an anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) squad and a machine gun squad. The company has 9 RPG-7s.

The MSR on an armored personnel carrier consists of (has 107 people l/s):

company management

3 motorized rifle platoons

Anti-tank squad.

Management of MSR-8 people:

1. company commander (PM, AKS74);

2.Deputy KR for educational work (ZKRPCh) (PM, AKS74);

3. senior technician (PM, AKS74);

4th company sergeant major (PM, AKS74);

5. medical instructor (AK-74);

6. machine gunner armored personnel carrier (AK-74);

7. senior driver (AK-74);

8.operator SBR-3 (AK-74);

Motorized rifle platoon (30 people) consists of:

Platoon control (6 people):

1. commander of MSV (PM);

2.Deputy Com.MSV(AK);

3.sniper (SVD);

4.gunner-medic (AK);

5. PKM machine gun gunner;

6.calculation number (AK-74).

3 motorized rifle squads (MSO) (8 people):

1. squad commander (KO) (AK-74);

2. machine gunner armored personnel carrier (AK-74);

3. driver (AKS-74U);

4. machine gunner (RPK-74);

5. grenade launcher (RPG-7V, AKS-74U);

6. Gunner-assistant grenade launcher (AK-74);

7. senior gunner (AK-74);

8.sniper (SVD).

MSO weapons:

Armored personnel carrier (BMP) - 1.

Machine gun RPK-74-1.

RPG-7V-1 grenade launcher.

AvtomatAK-74-4.

Anti-tank squad (9 people):

1. squad commander (KO) (AK-74U);

2nd senior operator - (3 people) (AK-74U);

3rd operator - (3 people) (AK-74U);

4. machine gunner armored personnel carrier (AK-74U);

5.driver of an armored personnel carrier (AK-74U).

Weapons:

ATGM 9k 115-3.

“Metis” - 1.

Main performance characteristics (TTX) of the BMP-2

1. Organization and armament of TB. TTX T-80

Organizationally, a tank battalion of a tank regiment consists of:

Battalion Command;

Party-political apparatus;

Communications platoon;

Three tank companies;

Medical station;

Support platoon.

The battalion command includes:

Battalion Commander;

Deputy for sub-unit

Deputy Battalion Commander for Technical Services

The battalion headquarters includes:

Chief of Staff;

Chief of Communications (aka communications platoon commander);

Chemistry instructor;

The communications platoon consists of:

Battalion commander's tank with crew (tank commander, senior mechanic-

driver, radio operator-loader);

BMP-1K command combat vehicle (combat vehicle commander, radiotelephone operator,

driver mechanic);

Radio departments (squad commander, radiotelephonist, driver

armored personnel carrier - electrician, armored personnel carrier, three radio stations).

There are 9 people in the platoon.

The tank company consists of:

Company management (company commander, deputy commander for political

unit, deputy company commander for technical matters (senior lieutenant for

battalions armed with tanks with a crew of 3 people, senior technician

ensign for battalions armed with tanks with a crew of 4 people), foreman,

tank commander, senior mechanic-driver, radio operator-loader);

Three tank platoons with 3 tanks in each platoon. The medical station consists of:

The head of the medical center, a medical instructor, three orderlies

(private soldiers), driver-medicine instructor.

In total in the personnel department - 6 people, a UAZ ambulance

452A, trailer AP-0.5.

The support platoon consists of:

Platoon commander (warrant officer) and technician (warrant officer);

Maintenance departments;

Automobile department;

Economic department.

The maintenance department consists of:

Squad commander;

Senior repairman for tank electrical and special equipment;

Working master of low power radio stations;

Locksmith driver.

In total in the personnel department - 6 people, RPG-7, technical vehicle. service

MTO, car ZIL-131 (ZIL-157). The automobile department consists of:

Squad commander;

Senior refueling driver;

Senior driver;

Two refueling drivers;

Five drivers.

In total, there are 10 people in the personnel department, Ural trucks

375 for ammunition - 5, for personal belongings and company property - 1, for spare parts - 1,

refueling trucks ATM-4, 5-375 - 3. The economic department consists of:

Squad commander - cook;

Driver.

Total in the department: personnel - 3 people, automobile kitchen PAK-

200 (PAK-170), ZIL-131 car, AL-1.5 trailer.

In total, the tank battalion has 174 personnel and 31 tanks.

Tank battalion of a motorized rifle regiment according to the organizational structure is approximately

the same as a tank regiment, except for the increased number

A tank battalion has three tank companies of three tank platoons and four

tank in each platoon. In total, the tank company has 55 personnel. And 13

tanks, in the battalion - 213 people. and 40 tanks.

T-80U:

Weight - 46 tons.

Crew - 3 people

Gun: 125 mm smoothbore

Gun rate of fire: up to 12 rpm

Ammunition, rounds: T80B - 38, T80U - 45

Loading: automatic

Two-plane stabilizer

Guided missile 9K119 with laser beam control

Machine guns: one 12.7 mm, one 7.62 mm

Engine: GTE, power 1250 hp. (919 kW)

Speed ​​- 80 km per hour.

Cruising range - 412 km, with additional barrels - 562 km.

Fuel consumption on the highway - 4 l/km;

Full filling time - 23 minutes (at a pressure of 1.5 atm)

Protection against weapons of mass destruction

Built-in dynamic protection

1. Organization and armament of MSV on armored personnel carriers (BMP). TTX RPG-7

A motorized rifle platoon is a tactical unit and consists of a control group (4 people) and three motorized rifle squads (8 people each). The control group includes a platoon commander, deputy platoon commander, sniper, and gunner-medic. The platoon commander, deputy platoon commander and rifleman are armed with Kalashnikov assault rifles (AKM or AK-74), the sniper is armed with a Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD).

A motorized rifle squad is the smallest tactical unit and consists of: a squad commander, a senior gunner, an armored personnel carrier machine gunner, a machine gunner, a grenade launcher, an assistant grenade launcher, a gunner and an armored personnel carrier driver.

The squad personnel are armed with an RPK machine gun, an RPG-7 (RPG-16) grenade launcher, six machine guns, and the grenade launcher is armed with an APS pistol. The department has an infantry fighting vehicle

Total in the platoon: personnel - 28 people, armored personnel carrier - 3 pieces, machine gun - 3 pieces, grenade launcher - 3 pieces, machine gun - 22 pieces, pistol - 4 pieces.

Motorized rifle platoon (30 people) consists of:

· platoon control (6 people):

1. commander of MSV (PM);

2.Deputy Com.MSV(AK);

3.sniper (SVD);

4.gunner-medic (AK);

5. PKM machine gun gunner;

6.calculation number (AK-74).

· 3 motorized rifle squads (MSO) (8 people):

1. squad commander (KO) (AK-74);

2. machine gunner armored personnel carrier (AK-74);

3. driver (AKS-74U);

4. machine gunner (RPK-74);

5. grenade launcher (RPG-7V, AKS-74U);

6. Gunner-assistant grenade launcher (AK-74);

7. senior gunner (AK-74);

8.sniper (SVD).

MSO weapons:

Machine gun RPK-74-1.

RPG-7V-1 grenade launcher.

AvtomatAK-74-4.

TTX RPG 7

Caliber, mm 40

Grenade caliber, mm 85; 70

in combat position, mm 950

Grenade launcher weight, kg 6.3

Grenade weight, kg 2.2; 2.0

Maximum grenade speed, m/s 300

Rate of fire, v/m 4-6

Sighting firing range, m 300

1. The essence of defense and the requirements for it. Conditions for transition to defense

1. The purpose and conditions for the transition of troops to defense.

In modern combined arms combat, defense, like offense, is the main type of combat operations of units and subunits.

The troops conduct defensive actions with the aim of :

- repel the advance of superior enemy forces;

- inflict maximum losses on him;

Hold important areas (objects) of the terrain and thereby create favorable conditions for going on the offensive.

Thus, final goal defense is subordinated to the solution of offensive tasks by troops and its essence lies in repelling the advance of superior enemy forces, inflicting defeat on him with nuclear and fire strikes in combination with a wide maneuver of fire, forces and means, counterattacks, the use of barriers, stubborn retention of main (key) areas and positions, intercepting probable directions of the enemy's attack and thereby creating favorable conditions for the transition to offensive actions.

2. Types of defensive combat

Depending on the combat mission, the availability of forces and means, as well as the nature of the terrain, defense can be positional and maneuverable.

Positional defense is the main type of defense. It most fully meets the main goal of defense and is carried out by inflicting maximum losses on the enemy during the stubborn holding of terrain areas prepared for defense. Positional defense is used in most directions, and primarily where the loss of territory is unacceptable.

A company or platoon usually conducts positional defense.

Maneuverable defense - is used for the purpose of inflicting losses on the enemy, gaining time and preserving one’s forces through successive defensive battles along pre-planned lines echeloned in depth in combination with short counterattacks. It involves leaving some part of the territory and is used in conditions of a surprise attack by the enemy and when conducting battle in the support zone .

The main differences between the types of defense considered are in the formation of combat formations of units, engineering equipment of the area and methods of combat.

3. Problems solved during a defensive battle

Defense can be used deliberately when more active and decisive actions are inappropriate, or forced - due to an unfavorable situation. It can be prepared in advance of the start of hostilities or organized during the battle. The transition to the defense of the battalion (company) can be carried out in conditions of absence of contact with the enemy or direct contact with him.

During the battle (in conditions of direct contact with the enemy), units can go on the defensive:

- to consolidate and retain captured important areas and lines;

- in order to repel counterattacks of superior enemy forces during the offensive;

- to cover the flanks in the threatened direction;

- to ensure the regrouping of troops;

- as a result of an unsuccessful outcome of an oncoming battle.

Under these conditions, units going on the defensive will, as a rule, be subject to active influence from the enemy, his nuclear strikes and attacks by other means. mass destruction, air and artillery strikes, as well as attacks by the enemy, especially his tanks.

4. The unit moves to defense.

When transitioning to defense outside of contact with the enemy, more favorable conditions are created for organizing defense.

In advance (in the absence of contact with the enemy), units can go on the defensive:

- when operating in the second echelon of the regiment;

- in the defense of the sea coast, where amphibious landings are expected;

- to ensure the advancement and deployment of the main forces in the border zone at the beginning of the war.

5. Unit on defense. Defense requirements and characteristics.

Currently, defense is subject to requirements such as stability and activity.

At the same time, it must be anti-tank, anti-aircraft, anti-landing, and also be prepared for long-term combat in conditions of the enemy’s use of weapons of mass destruction, high-precision weapons and electronic warfare equipment, and have a deeply echeloned formation.

Situational conditions, as well as the variety of means of defeating the enemy and, especially, the absence or restrictions on the use of nuclear weapons, predetermine different procedures for defeating the enemy.

When operating using only conventional weapons, the basis of defense is: defeating the enemy with air strikes and missile forces, fire of all types of weapons, constraining his actions with the widespread use of engineering obstacles, stubborn retention of important areas by troops, defeating the wedged enemy with a counterattack of motorized rifle and tank troops, constant readiness of troops for actions using nuclear weapons.

In the conditions of the use of nuclear weapons, the basis of defense is: defeating the enemy with nuclear weapons in combination with the fire of all types of weapons and conducting a wide maneuver by the remaining or restored combat capability of units and subunits to close the gaps in the defense, holding important areas of the terrain and clarifying the opposing ones, first of all enemy groups that have broken through.

A motorized rifle battalion can defend in the first or second echelon of a regiment, in a support zone or in a forward position, form a combined arms reserve, or act in an anti-landing reserve. When leaving the battle and retreating, he can be assigned to the rear guard.

In the defense of the SME, a defense area is assigned. The width of the battalion defense area is 3 - 5 km, and the depth is 2 - 2.5 km. A company occupies a stronghold - 1 - 1.5 km along the front and up to 1 km in depth, and a platoon - up to 400 m along the front and up to 300 m in depth.

1. Goals of the offensive, conditions and methods of going on the offensive

Offensive is the main type of combat operations.

Only a decisive offensive, carried out at a high tempo and to great depth, ensures the complete defeat of the enemy and the capture of important areas (lines, objects) of the terrain occupied by him. A rapid offensive allows you to thwart the enemy's plans and fire strikes.

An offensive can be undertaken after a long or short-term defense, when troops go on a counter-offensive and to build on the success achieved in a counter-offensive (offensive) operation.

Depending on the situation and the assigned tasks, an offensive can be carried out against a defending, advancing, or retreating enemy.

The offensive of a division (regiment) against an enemy occupying a prepared defense is, as a rule, carried out from a position of direct contact with him, and against one who has hastily gone over to the defensive, it is also carried out from the depths.

The attack on the advancing enemy is carried out by means of oncoming combat, and on the retreating enemy - by pursuing him.

When conducting an offensive using only conventional weapons, the defeat of the opposing enemy, as a rule, is carried out by sequential fire defeat of its first, second echelons and reserves while simultaneously affecting the most important objects to the full depth of the reach of weapons and a decisive offensive of motorized rifle and tank units (subunits) in designated areas. them strips with the mastery of the intended areas (frontiers).

When conducting an offensive using nuclear weapons, the defeat of the enemy is carried out by the simultaneous destruction by nuclear strikes of his opposing group and important objects to the entire depth of the firing range, with the completion of their destruction by subsequent nuclear fire strikes and the rapid advance of motorized rifle and tank units (units) in directions and the capture of important areas ( boundaries).

In all cases, the offensive must be carried out at a high tempo, non-stop, day and night, with a quick transfer of efforts in depth and to other directions, with the widespread use of outflanking and outflanking of the enemy, including by air, and in coastal directions - from the sea, attacking it simultaneous attacks from the front, flanks, rear and from the air, dismembering and destroying it in parts.

When going on the offensive against a hastily occupied or poorly developed defense, the breakthrough areas can be large, but the degree of fire damage and the density of fire weapons can be smaller. When fortified areas are broken through, the density of fire weapons and the degree of fire destruction of the enemy usually increase. When going on the offensive, higher densities of fire weapons are created throughout the entire zone and a higher degree of fire destruction is established in the directions of strikes in order to dismember the enemy and destroy him in parts.

The characteristic features of an offensive as a type of military action are:

"suddenness and speed of striking;

"a skillful combination of fire and movement;

"maintaining continuous superiority over the enemy in forces and means in the main directions;

"preempting the enemy in building up efforts;

1. Combat mission and battle order of MSV in defense (show diagram)

A motorized rifle platoon, skillfully using its weapons, the terrain and its engineering equipment, as well as obstacles, defends itself, as a rule, as part of a company, can be in the reserve of a battalion, assigned to a combat outpost, a combat reconnaissance patrol and a fire ambush, as part of the forces or in full part of the company's armored group.

In each specific case, the location of the platoon and its role will be determined by the combat mission assigned by the senior commander.

A motorized rifle platoon may be assigned anti-tank squad, flamethrower squad and grenade launcher squad.

The combat capabilities of a motorized rifle platoon in defense are characterized by fire and maneuver capabilities.

Fire capabilities mean the ability of a platoon to destroy advancing enemy tanks with anti-tank fire and to destroy manpower and weapons with small arms fire.

Maneuvering capabilities determine the platoon's ability to move, deploy to occupy a firing line, and other actions characterized by temporary indicators.

Knowledge of combat capabilities allows the platoon commander to competently set combat missions and correctly use weapons in battle.

The calculation for combating enemy tanks in defense is based on the use of the combat effectiveness coefficients of anti-tank weapons, which are presented in the table.

The combat mission of a motorized rifle platoon defending as part of a company in the first echelon is consists of inflicting all types of fire, in cooperation with neighbors, a decisive defeat of the enemy in front of the front line, repelling his attack and holding the occupied strong point.

Motorized rifle platoon assigned to the battalion reserve, occupies a strong point, where he is in readiness to repel an attack by an enemy that has penetrated the defenses, destroy his airborne assault forces, airborne and sabotage and reconnaissance groups that have landed deep in the battalion defense area, strengthen (replace) first-echelon units in the event of their loss of combat capability, and solving other unexpected problems.

Motorized rifle platoon, assigned to combat guard, advances to the indicated position (in a combat outpost, the platoon defends a position up to 500m along the front), equips it in engineering terms and is ready to prevent a surprise enemy attack on the battalion and prohibit it from conducting reconnaissance.

Platoon stronghold - area of ​​terrain in which a platoon with reinforcements is located in order of battle, creates a fire system, equips it in engineering terms and is in readiness to repel the advancing enemy. The platoon's stronghold is prepared for all-round defense primarily to combat enemy tanks and is carefully camouflaged.

1. Combat mission and combat order of the MSV on the offensive (show diagram)

Offensive- a type of combat carried out with the aim of defeating the enemy and capturing important areas (lines, objects) of the terrain. It consists of defeating the enemy by all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advance of troops into the depths of his location, the destruction and capture of manpower, the capture of military equipment and designated areas (lines) of the terrain.

Only a decisive offensive carried out at a high pace can achieve the complete defeat of the enemy. The platoon personnel, using the results of nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy, must conduct an offensive with full effort, continuously, day and night, in any weather and in close cooperation with other units in order to destroy the defending enemy. The advancing platoon must take advantage of gaps and gaps in the enemy's battle formations in order to strike on the flank and rear.

The position of the platoon in an offensive battle is determined by the senior commander. But this does not mean that it depends only on the subjective factor. A significant influence on determining the location of a platoon is exerted by its staffing, the training of personnel, including commanders, combat experience, etc. As a rule, a motorized rifle (tank) platoon performs its tasks in an offensive as part of a company, however, constituting the battalion reserve, in combat reconnaissance patrol, and can act independently in an assault group. A motorized rifle platoon, in addition, can participate in the advance group of a tactical airborne assault.

As part of a company, a motorized rifle (tank) platoon can advance in the first echelon of the battalion in the direction where its main efforts are concentrated. In this case, not only the fulfillment of the company’s combat mission, but also the battalion’s, will largely depend on the successful actions of the platoon.

A platoon can also advance as part of units of the second echelon of a battalion or unit, with the task of developing the success of units of the first echelon and completing the task assigned to the battalion.

When operating in the reserve of a battalion, a platoon can solve a wide variety of suddenly arising tasks: being brought into battle to build up the battalion’s efforts, repelling counterattacks together with first-echelon units, replacing units that have suffered losses, covering open flanks from possible enemy attacks, fighting their sabotage attacks. reconnaissance groups. The distance of the reserve from the first echelon units can be up to 3 km. It ensures the battalion commander maintains reliable communication with the platoon and quickly brings it into battle. In the course of carrying out the mission assigned to the battalion in the depths of the enemy’s defense, the platoon may be assigned to a combat reconnaissance patrol in order to conduct reconnaissance of the enemy and the terrain in the battalion’s offensive zone. In this case, the distance from the first echelon units can reach up to 10 km. An MSV as part of an assault group can operate during an offensive in a city or fortified area to capture particularly strong buildings and structures prepared for defense. In addition to the platoon, the assault group may also include tanks, self-propelled guns, mortars, ATGM installations, flamethrowers, as well as an engineering unit with demolition charges.

A motorized rifle platoon, allocated to the advance group from a battalion operating in a tactical airborne assault, is usually designed to capture the landing site and must ensure the landing of the main landing forces.

The MSV can be attached to a tank unit, and the TV can be attached to a motorized rifle unit and carry out offensive missions in close cooperation with each other.

As combat mission During the offensive, the platoon is given the target of attack and the direction of further advance.

The target of an attack by a motorized rifle (tank) platoon is usually the enemy in the trenches or other fortifications of the strong point, as well as tanks, guns, machine guns and other enemy fire weapons located separately in the direction of advance.

The combat mission of a platoon is determined by the decision of the senior commander and depends on the nature of the enemy’s defense, the degree of his defeat and the availability of reinforcement means.

A platoon can be assigned a machine gun compartment, automatic grenade launchers and flamethrowers. When operating as an assault group, the platoon may also be assigned tanks.

When performing a combat mission, the MSV, depending on the situation, operates in pre-combat, combat or marching order.

The battle formation of the MSV, advancing on foot, consists of a chain, infantry fighting vehicles (APCs) and reinforcement equipment (diagram No. 4).

The battle formation of the MSV advancing in infantry fighting vehicles (APCs) and TV consists of a battle line of combat vehicles with an interval between them of up to 100 m and reinforcement means operating in the battle line or behind it (diagram No. 1).

The battle formation of a grenade launcher platoon (diagram No. 2) and an anti-tank platoon (diagram No. 3), operating on foot, consists of squad combat formations with an interval between them of up to 50 m.

The combat formation of an anti-tank platoon operating on infantry fighting vehicles (APCs) in its entirety is a combat line of combat vehicles with an interval between vehicles of up to 150 m.

Before an attack by motorized rifle and tank units, fire preparation for the attack is carried out, and during the offensive, fire support for the attack and fire support for the advance of units in depth are carried out.

A TV, MSV on an infantry fighting vehicle and a full anti-tank platoon can be allocated to destroy observed enemy fire weapons with direct fire during fire preparation for an attack.

1. Definition of combat readiness. How is constant combat readiness achieved?

Combat readiness is a state that determines the degree of readiness of troops to solve the combat missions assigned to them. The combat readiness of units and subunits should be understood, first of all, as their ability to immediately begin solving combat missions in accordance with the purpose, plan and situation.

There are four levels of combat readiness for troops:

Constant;

Increased;

Military danger;

Constant combat readiness of formations, units and subunits to carry out a combat mission is achieved:

Correct understanding by commanders, headquarters and political agencies of their tasks, anticipation of possible changes in the situation and timely implementation of the necessary measures to plan and prepare upcoming actions;

The staffing and provision of troops with everything necessary for combat;

High combat training of troops and their readiness to act in conditions of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction.

Constant readiness of weapons and military equipment for use, and personnel to carry out the tasks assigned to them;

Deployment of formations, units and subunits taking into account their purpose and high mobilization readiness;

Continuous reconnaissance;

Clear organization and vigilance of combat duty and combat service;

Timely and organized bringing of troops to the highest levels of combat readiness;

High morale, discipline and vigilance of personnel;

Organizing and maintaining firm and continuous command and control of troops.

With constant combat readiness, units and subunits are engaged in daily planned activities, being ready at any moment to quickly and in an organized manner put themselves on combat readiness and begin to carry out a combat mission. Units and units are located in permanent deployment points, military and special equipment is stored in parks, and ammunition and military supplies are stored in warehouses and boxes in parks. The units are engaged in accordance with the combat and political training plan, guard duty is carried out and internal duty is on duty around the clock.

1. Degrees of combat readiness and their summary

The Russian Armed Forces have the following levels of combat readiness:

1. Combat readiness “Constant”

2. Combat readiness “Increased”

3. Combat readiness “Military danger”

4. Combat readiness “Full”

Combat readiness is “constant” - the daily state of the troops, the availability of personnel, weapons, armored vehicles and vehicles, the availability of all types of material resources and the ability to move into combat within the time limit established for them. combat readiness“increased”, “military danger” and “full”.

Units and subdivisions are located in places of permanent deployment. Combat training is organized according to the combat training plan, classes are conducted according to the training schedule, strict implementation of the daily routine, maintaining high discipline, all this has a significant impact on the level of combat readiness in peacetime.

“Increased” combat readiness is a state of troops in which they can be put on “military danger” and “full” combat readiness in the shortest possible time without performing combat missions.

When combat readiness is “increased,” the following set of measures is performed:

Officers and warrant officers are transferred, if necessary, to barracks position

All types of fees and vacations are canceled

All units return to location

Current allowance equipment is removed from short-term storage

Batteries are installed on TD equipment

Combat training equipment and weapons are loaded with ammunition

The outfit is enhanced

24-hour duty of responsible staff officers is established

The warning and alarm system is checked

Retirement to reserve ceases

Archives are preparing for delivery

Weapons and ammunition are issued to officers and warrant officers

Combat readiness “military danger” is the state of troops in which they are ready to carry out combat missions. The timing of bringing units into “military danger” combat readiness depends on many factors (climate, time of year, etc.). Personnel receive weapons and gas masks. All equipment and weapons are removed to the reserve area.

Reduced personnel units and personnel, which are staffed according to the mobilization plan with officers, warrant officers, sergeants and active-duty soldiers, as well as reserve personnel, receive the organizational core, prepare for the withdrawal of equipment, weapons and materiel to the reserve area, and deploy reception points for enlisted personnel .

The organizational core includes personnel and reserve officers, drivers, driver mechanics, and military personnel of scarce specialties that are extremely necessary to ensure the organizational reception of enlisted personnel and equipment from the national economy.

“Full” combat readiness is the state of the highest degree of combat readiness of troops, at which they are able to begin performing combat missions.

Parts of the reduced staff and personnel begin to receive assigned personnel and equipment from agriculture. The units are staffed according to the mobilization plan with reserve personnel up to their full wartime staff strength. Responsibility for the high-quality staffing of the unit with conscripts rests with the commander and the district military commissar, who are obliged to constantly study and know the personnel assigned from the reserve. The unit commander coordinates with the military commissar the signals and procedure for sending commands to the personnel reception point.

1. Contents of the squad commander's fire card in defense (show diagram)

Motorized rifle squad defends a position up to 100 m along the front,
having on it the main and reserve (temporary) positions for fire weapons, allowing, together with neighboring squads, to destroy the enemy with fire in front of the front and on the flanks of the platoon strong point.

At the squad position, the riflemen, machine gunner, grenade launcher and sniper are positioned so that all approaches to it in front and on the flanks are under actual fire, especially flank and cross fire, and barriers and obstacles are clearly visible and shot through.

The fire system is built in accordance with this..

The squad must be ready to maneuver in a threatened direction, fire at night and in other conditions of limited visibility.

Squad firing position includes main and reserve firing positions of fire weapons and infantry fighting vehicles. The firing position of an infantry fighting vehicle is usually equipped behind the positions of the squad's fire weapons at a distance of up to 50 m and in such a way that the fire of the infantry fighting vehicle provides cover for the squad at the position.

Infantry fighting vehicle is the basis of the defense of the squad position. Its firing position can be equipped in the center of the squad position, on the flank or behind the position at a distance of up to 50 m. An infantry fighting vehicle without landing troops in defense can be allocated for operations in a fire ambush, as a nomadic fire weapon and as part of a company armored group. Fire weapons of senior commanders may be located at the squad position.

Fire system is a combination of prepared fire from weapons of all types, organized in accordance with the decision of the commander and taking into account the nature of the terrain and installed engineering barriers, to defeat the enemy.

The fire system of a motorized rifle squad in defense includes: areas of concentrated squad fire prepared in front of the front line of defense; squad fire strip; an additional sector of fire in the threatened direction.

The basis of the squad fire system is fire from an infantry fighting vehicle, an anti-tank grenade launcher and a machine gun. The fire system is built taking into account the fire capabilities of all types of squad weapons, based on their close interaction and in combination with engineering obstacles and natural obstacles. It must ensure the defeat of the enemy, primarily his tanks and other armored vehicles, on the approaches to the defense, in front of the front line, between adjacent squads and in the depths of the defense, the ability to conduct actual frontal, flank and cross fire, as well as all-round defense.

Concentrated fire is the fire of small arms, grenade launchers, weapons of infantry fighting vehicles, conducted simultaneously by several fire weapons or several units at one target or part of the enemy’s battle formation.

1. March, its purpose, types and conditions of execution. Main march indicators, their brief description

March is the organized movement of units in columns along roads and column routes in order to reach a designated area or a specified line.

It can be carried out in anticipation of entering into battle or outside the threat of collision with the enemy, usually at night or in other conditions of limited visibility. Depending on the conditions of the situation, and above all on its distance and the possible nature of the enemy’s actions, the march can be carried out in anticipation of entering into battle or without the threat of a collision with the enemy, using weapons of mass destruction or only conventional weapons, the impact of aviation, airborne assaults, sabotage and reconnaissance groups, the use of minefields and destruction.

A march in anticipation of entering into battle is carried out in the case when, directly from the march, units have to carry out a combat mission: attack, defend, conduct an oncoming battle. Such marches, as a rule, take place in a combat area.

A march outside the threat of a collision with the enemy usually takes place in the rear of friendly troops. Under these conditions, the possibility of combat with a ground enemy is excluded, however, units must be prepared to repel air strikes and act against sabotage and reconnaissance groups, under the influence of high-precision weapons, and the use of remote mining equipment.

All marches are carried out, as a rule, at night or in other conditions of limited visibility. In all cases, motorized rifle (tank) units must arrive in a timely manner at the specified area or line and be in full readiness to carry out a combat mission. The movement of units in direction is carried out to the front, to the rear and along the front.

After the march, the units concentrate in a designated area or deploy to a specified line to carry out a combat mission. Movement by march ensures constant organizational integrity and combat readiness of units, their rapid deployment and entry into battle or maneuver in order to bypass areas of destruction, fires and floods.

In all cases, the commander must ensure the arrival of the platoon (squad, tank) at the designated area or at the specified line on time, in full force and in readiness to carry out the combat mission.

A platoon (squad, tank) marches in a column of a company (platoon) with distances between vehicles of 25-50 m. When driving on dusty roads, in conditions of limited visibility, in icy conditions, on roads with steep climbs, descents and turns, as well as when driving at high speeds, the distances between cars increase.

When moving in open areas under the threat of the enemy using reconnaissance and strike systems, the distances between combat vehicles increase and can be 100-150 m.

Marching capabilities. Marching capabilities mean the ability of units to move in infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), tanks, cars, or on foot (on skis) from one area to another. The main indicators of the marching capabilities of units are the average speed of movement and the amount of daily movement.

The average speed of a platoon without taking into account the time for rests can be: on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), tanks - 20-25 km/h, on cars when moving as part of a separate vehicle convoy - 25-30 km/h; a motorized rifle platoon on foot - 4-5 km/h, on skis - 5-7 km/h.

In mountains, deserts, northern regions, wooded and swampy areas and other unfavorable conditions, the average speed of columns can be reduced to 15-20 km/h.

In all cases, the march must be carried out at the maximum possible speed under the given conditions. .

The amount of daily travel is the distance along the route from the starting point to the most distant point of the area (destination line), covered by units per day. The length of the route is measured on the map.

1. Marching security, its elements, distance from the main ones and tasks to be solved

A motorized rifle (tank) platoon on the march can be assigned to the head (side, rear) marching outpost, a stationary side outpost, or a head (rear) patrol. Indicated in the table. the removal of marching guard organs is determined based on the fact that when a battle begins at the head marching outpost with enemy guarding, a distance of 5-10 km (at a speed of 25 km/h) can be covered by the battalion in 12-24 minutes. According to the experience of the exercises, this is exactly the amount of time the battalion commander needs to assess the situation, make decisions and assign tasks to his subordinates during the advance, as well as to deploy the battalion into battle formation. If we take into account that the main forces of the battalion can advance along a longer route to attack the enemy’s flank, the time interval between the start of the battle of the head outpost and the entry of the main forces into battle can be 25-30 minutes.

The combat capabilities of the units allow them to fight with an enemy of superior strength for 20-30 minutes. Therefore, during this time, the marching guard is capable of actively fighting a superior enemy. In this case, it is advisable to remove the head marching outpost as part of a platoon by 5 km, and by a company - up to 10 km. The head patrol operates at a distance of 3-5 km, such a distance eliminates the possibility of the enemy firing direct fire at the head outpost, and also allows you to support the battle of the head patrol with the fire of the artillery assigned to it and engage in battle in an organized manner.

Thus, the removal of marching security organs should provide the commander with time to make decisions, set tasks, occupy firing positions for artillery units, advance and deploy units to enter battle.

The marching order of a motorized rifle (tank) platoon on the march in anticipation of entering into battle is built taking into account the provision of constant combat readiness, rapid deployment into a battle formation of an organized entry into battle. It is a column consisting of guarding a patrol squad (tank) and the main forces of a platoon.

To carry out missions in marching security, a motorized rifle (tank) platoon can be reinforced with a tank (motorized rifle squad), an engineer squad, and two or three reconnaissance chemists.
Art. 137. The commander of a platoon assigned to marching security, when understanding the task received and assessing the situation, must: understand the task of the protected column, his task and the time of readiness for its implementation; study the route of movement and the nature of the terrain on the map, determine the places of a likely meeting with the enemy, as well as the places of possible ambushes, and outline the procedure for the patrol squad (tank) and the main forces of the platoon when meeting the enemy; determine the composition of fire weapons on duty and observers, as well as the procedure for preparing the platoon for the march.

In the combat order, the platoon commander indicates:

information about the enemy;

platoon task: route and speed of movement, column formation, distance between vehicles, starting point and time of passage, tasks for squads (tanks) and procedure when meeting the enemy;

patrol squad (tank), its task and removal;

time of readiness for march;

his place and deputy.

When organizing interaction, the platoon commander indicates: the procedure for observation, communication, opening and firing at air targets; places of probable meeting with the enemy and actions when meeting him with a patrol squad (tank), platoon and reinforcement means; the procedure for maintaining camouflage and using night vision devices (blackout devices), warning signals, control and interaction.

After issuing a combat order and organizing interaction, the platoon commander gives instructions on ensuring the march, protection from precision and incendiary weapons, organizes the replenishment of missiles, ammunition, fuel and food to the established standards and checks the readiness of the platoon to carry out a combat mission and reports to the battalion (company) commander.

1. Types of comprehensive support (goals, objectives and content), their brief description

Comprehensive combat support consists of organizing and implementing measures aimed at maintaining high combat readiness of units, maintaining their combat effectiveness and creating favorable conditions for the successful and timely completion of assigned tasks. It is carried out both in preparation for landing and during combat behind enemy lines. Comprehensive support is one of the main responsibilities of commanders and staffs.

Comprehensive combat support for a battalion (company) includes combat, technical and logistics support. It is organized on the basis of the decision of the commander and orders of senior commanders and is carried out by all units, and the most complex activities that require special training of personnel and the use of special equipment are carried out by the corresponding units and units of special forces and logistics.

Economical use of material resources is the most important requirement for units operating behind enemy lines.

In order to successfully complete a combat mission, units must use weapons, ammunition, explosives and explosives captured in battle, means of transportation and communications, fuel and food. The unit commander reports to the senior commander about the captured trophies.

1. Types of combat support (goals, objectives and content), their brief description

Under the support of combat operations (combat) implies a set of measures aimed at creating favorable conditions for units to carry out their tasks. It is organized and carried out continuously both during preparation and during combat and is one of the main responsibilities of the commander.

Combat support is organized on the basis of:

instructions from higher headquarters;

decisions and instructions of the commander based on the availability of forces, means, capabilities and time to carry out activities.

Support for combat operations (combat) is divided into combat, moral and psychological, technical and logistics.

The following are organized in the company and battalion:types of combat support:

Intelligence service;

Security;

Electronic warfare (EW);

Tactical camouflage;

Engineering support;

Radiation, chemical and biological protection (RCBZ).

Security is organized and carried out for the purpose of:

prevent enemy reconnaissance from penetrating into the area of ​​operation (location) of friendly troops;

prevent a surprise attack on them by a ground enemy;

provide protected units (units) with time and favorable conditions for deployment (bringing to combat readiness) and entry into battle.

The main security tasks are:

organization and performance of combat duty;

warning protected troops about the immediate threat and danger of attack by a ground enemy;

identification, defeat and destruction of enemy reconnaissance forces and means, his sabotage and reconnaissance groups and irregular armed formations;

conducting combat operations in front, on the flanks and in the rear of units with advanced detachments, infiltrated enemy groups, irregular armed formations and providing conditions for the deployment and entry into battle of the main forces and reserves;

ensuring traffic safety;

implementation of access control.

Electronic warfare (EW) is organizedand is carried out for the purposes of:

reducing the effectiveness of the use of weapons, military equipment and radio-electronic equipment of the enemy;

defense of weapons and military equipment from enemy technical reconnaissance equipment;

ensuring the stability of the systems and means of controlling their troops and weapons.

Tactical camouflage in a company it is organized and carried out in order to reduce the vulnerability of units and achieve surprise in their actions.

Tasks tactical camouflage during preparation and during combat are:

achieving secrecy in the activities of its units;

misleading the enemy regarding the composition, condition, position of the company, its combat capabilities and the plan for upcoming actions.

Engineering support organized and carried out in order to creating conditions for units for their timely and covert advance, deployment and maneuver, increasing the protection of personnel, weapons and equipment from all weapons, as well as inflicting losses on the enemy and hindering his actions.

Main tasks engineering support for a motorized rifle company are:

Engineering reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and objects;

Fortification equipment of positions and occupied areas;

Carrying out engineering measures for camouflage and protection against precision weapons;

Creation of engineering barriers and destruction;

Making passages in barriers, destruction and arranging passages over obstacles;

Equipment and maintenance of crossings over water barriers;

Water extraction, installation and maintenance of water supply points.

Radiation, chemical and biological protection (RCBP) is organized and implemented with the aim of to minimize the losses of units and ensure the fulfillment of their assigned tasks when operating in conditions of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, to increase their protection against high-precision and other types of weapons.

The main tasks of the RCBZ company during the battle are:

Identification and assessment of the scale and consequences of the use of weapons of mass destruction;

Ensuring the protection of personnel from radioactive, toxic substances and biological agents;

Reducing the visibility of units and objects.

1. Tactical properties of the terrain and their brief characteristics

The presence of highly maneuverable, highly maneuverable equipment in the troops allows them to perform various combat missions on any terrain. At the same time, different physical and geographical conditions and terrain features have different effects on fighting troops.

In one case they can contribute to the success of troops, and in another they can have a negative impact. Combat practice convincingly shows that the same terrain can give more advantages to those who have studied it better and use it more skillfully.

Degree of influence of the area on the organization and conduct of combat is not constant; it changes along with changes in methods of combat, the development of new means of combat and the emergence of new military equipment in the troops. Modern combat can be carried out either using only conventional weapons or using nuclear weapons and other modern means of destruction. The new weapon, possessing great firepower and destructive power, is capable of not only hitting personnel and equipment, but also significantly destroying and destroying local objects, and sometimes changing the terrain, which will lead to a change in its tactical and protective properties.

At the same time, the nature of the terrain, especially relief elements, as well as artificial and natural local objects, will have a certain impact on the effectiveness of the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction if used by the enemy, weakening or strengthening their impact on personnel and equipment. Thus, in modern combat, when studying and assessing terrain, it is necessary to take into account its protective properties.

Protective properties of the area determined mainly by the nature of the relief and vegetation cover. If a nuclear explosion occurs in an area with a large number of hills and depressions, then the most dangerous will be the slopes of the hills facing the epicenter of the explosion, and the safest ones will be those facing the opposite direction from the epicenter of the explosion. In this case, the pressure force caused by the shock wave will increase depending on the steepness of the slope. When the slope facing the epicenter is 45°, the pressure increases 2.5 times compared to the pressure on the horizontal surface. The reverse steep slopes of the hills almost completely protect against radiation and light radiation.

Caves, grottoes, mines, adits, tunnels and other underground structures can serve as good natural shelters. Small units and soldiers can use relief features (pits, gullies), as well as artificial depressions and hills (ditches, mounds, embankments, etc.) as shelters.

The influence of terrain on the movement of troops. Terrain properties that facilitate or limit the movement of various types of military and transport equipment determine cross-country conditions.

One of the main factors determining the degree of passability of any area is the presence of a developed road network and the quality of roads. The main technical characteristics of roads are the width of the roadway, the coating material, the quality of road structures over obstacles, and the main technical characteristics of railways are the number of tracks, type of traction, number of stations and their characteristics.

The most common width of roads for two-way traffic (except highways) is 6.5-7.5 m. Based on the nature of the surface, roads are divided into hard-surface roads (highways, improved dirt roads) and roads on natural soil (country roads, field roads, forest roads) ).

The more developed the network of roads and the higher their class, the more accessible the terrain for military operations. The importance of the road network is especially great in forested, swampy, mountainous and desert areas. Under these conditions, the road network has a great influence not only on cross-country ability, but also on the speed of movement of troops, the speed of maneuver in battle, and the choice of movement routes.

The passability of off-road terrain depends mainly on the nature of the relief, soil and vegetation cover, the presence and nature of rivers and lakes, time of year and weather conditions. Open flat or hilly terrain has the best off-road performance.

The influence of the relief on the terrain's passability is determined by the degree of its dissection, the nature and location of typical forms and the steepness of the slopes. The most significant natural obstacles to the movement of troops off roads are ravines, gullies, cliffs, excavations and embankments, as well as hills and depressions with steep slopes. The possible and permissible speed of pedestrians and vehicles depends on the steepness of the slopes.

A significant obstacle to the movement of all types of combat and transport vehicles are swamps, wetlands and salt marshes. Based on passability, swamps are divided into passable, impassable and impassable. The passability of swamps depends on the degree of their moisture, the thickness of the peat layer and the nature of the vegetation. The permeability of moistened salt marshes depends on the thickness of the salt marsh layer and the degree of its salinity.

In the southern steppe and semi-steppe regions there are areas with soil richly saturated with salt. Such areas, which have poor vegetation and are covered with crust or salt outcrops, are called salt marshes. Salt marshes can be wet or dry. Wet salt marshes (blinders) are viscous, moist sandy-clayey soil with sparse vegetation and are a serious obstacle to the movement of wheeled and tracked vehicles. As a rule, during periods of high moisture in swamps and salt marshes, they become impassable for wheeled vehicles and difficult to pass for tracked vehicles.

The assessment of terrain and soil permeability must be linked to the specific climatic conditions of a particular area. In winter, at temperatures below 0°, soil permeability improves significantly. Swamps, impassable in summer, can serve as convenient routes for troop movement and action in winter.

Forests significantly influence the terrain's passability. The main characteristics of the forest are determined by the species of trees, their age, thickness, height and density of the planting.

Camouflage properties of the terrain are determined by the presence of natural shelters formed by the relief and local objects, as well as the general character of the area and the color of its main background. The most favorable conditions for camouflage are created in the forest and on rough terrain. For example, in a dense forest with an average distance between trees of up to 6 m and a crown density of 1 - 0.5 m, all objects are hidden by natural masks.

When assessing the conditions of observation and camouflage of any terrain, the first thing to determine is how much the terrain and local objects facilitate or limit visibility. Depending on this, the area is divided into open, semi-closed and closed.

The open area is devoid of natural masks formed by landforms and local objects, or they occupy no more than 10%. Such terrain allows one to view almost its entire area from commanding heights, which creates good conditions for observation of the battlefield, but makes it difficult to camouflage and hide from observation and fire. Consequently, it is advantageous to have open terrain in front of the front line of defense, as this will provide good observation of the enemy’s actions and will make it possible to better hit him with fire from all types of weapons.

An area with hilly or flat terrain (rarely mountainous), in which natural masks occupy about 20% of the area, is classified as semi-closed. The presence of natural masks provides good camouflage for units when positioned on site. However, about 50% of the area of ​​such terrain is visible from commanding heights.

A closed area allows viewing of less than 25% of its area. This creates good conditions for camouflage and shelter from enemy fire, but makes it difficult to control a unit in battle, navigate the battlefield, and interact. As a result, in a forest, for example, the battle formation of a unit during an offensive is constructed differently than in open areas. Here, controlling a unit using observable signals is very difficult, so the intervals between soldiers are significantly reduced.

1. Basic rules for maintaining a commander’s work card

A topographic map has been and remains a reliable guide to unfamiliar terrain. Using a map, you can quickly and accurately determine your location, indicate detected targets, and confidently follow a given or intended route.

The importance of the map as a means of orientation has especially increased in modern combat, when units quickly move over long distances day and night, often acting independently in solving many combat missions.

Equipping combat and special vehicles with ground navigation equipment does not detract from the value of the map. This equipment is used in conjunction with a topographic map, and does not replace it.

When navigating the terrain, unit commanders usually use topographic maps at scales of 1:50,000 and 1:100,000.

Orientation on the map includes orienting the map, comparing it with the terrain and determining your location (standing point)

A terrain diagram is a drawing on which the most characteristic local objects, as well as individual relief elements, are plotted with approximate accuracy.

Local objects are depicted on the diagram by topographical symbols, hills and depressions (heights, basins) - by several closed horizontal lines, and ridges and hollows - by fragments of horizontal lines that outline the configuration of these relief forms. At the same time, in order to speed up the work, the symbols of some local objects are simplified.

Schemes of the area drawn up by techniques

eye survey. To carry out eye survey, you need to have a compass, a sight line, a pencil, an eraser and a blank sheet of paper mounted on a rigid base (a piece of cardboard, plywood, etc.). In some cases, when shooting needs to be done quickly and does not require special care, it can be done with only a pencil and paper.

Let's consider some eye survey techniques used in drawing up terrain diagrams.

Shooting from one standing point is used when the drawing needs to show a small area of ​​terrain located directly around the standing point or in a given sector. In this case, shooting is performed using the circular sighting method in the following sequence.

A standing point is placed on a sheet of paper so that the area to be removed fits on this sheet. For example, if we are standing in the center of the area being photographed, then the standing point should be marked in the center of the sheet of paper; if we are standing in one of the corners or on the edge of the site, then a dot on the paper should be placed in the corresponding corner or on the edge of the sheet of paper. Then, having oriented the sheet of paper relative to the area being filmed, they fix it on some object (stump, bridge railing, trench parapet) and, without disturbing the position of the sheet, carry out the survey.

If you have to work holding a sheet of paper in your hand, then first draw the server-south direction on it. To do this, orienting a sheet of paper relative to the area being photographed, place the compass on it, release the needle brake and, when the needle calms down, draw a line parallel to the compass needle. In the future, make sure that the direction of the compass needle exactly coincides with the drawn north-south line. When it is necessary to orient the drawing again, for example after a break in work, put a compass on it so that the divisions 0° (N) and 180° (S) coincide with the drawn north-south direction, then rotate the drawing until the northern end of the arrow the compass will not stand against the 0° division (C). In this position, the drawing will be oriented and you can continue working on it.

In order to put this or that object on the drawing, after orienting the sheet, you need to attach a ruler (pencil) to the standing point indicated on it and turn it around the point until the direction of the ruler coincides with the direction of the object. Three rulers in this position draw a straight line along it from the standing point; this line will be the direction in which the object being drawn on the diagram is located. So they sequentially point the ruler at all other objects and draw directions for each of them.

Then the distances to the objects are determined and they are laid out in the appropriate directions from the standing point on the scale of the drawing or approximately, maintaining the approximate ratio of these distances in the drawing and on the ground. The points obtained in the directions will indicate the location of objects in the drawing. Draw in the places of the points conventional signs applied objects, in relation to which the remaining details of the terrain, located directly near the standing point, as well as located between the applied landmarks or near them, are visually applied. Individual trees, bushes near the road, a section of an improved dirt road, ruins, a hole, etc. are marked in this way on the terrain map.

Shooting from several standing points is performed when it is necessary to show a relatively large area of ​​the terrain.

In this case, local objects are marked on the drawing with serifs, distance measurements, along the alignment, by the method of circular sighting, by the method of perpendiculars (see Section 5.2).

When preparing for shooting, it is necessary to secure the sheet of paper on which the shooting will be carried out on a solid base (tablet). A compass is attached to the same base so that the north-south line on the compass scale is approximately parallel to one of the sides of the tablet or sheet of paper.

For the speed and convenience of plotting distances measured in steps, it is necessary to make a step scale. This scale is built on a separate strip of paper or on the margin of the sheet on which the shooting is being carried out.

The scale of steps is built like this. Let us assume that the survey is carried out on a scale of 1:10000, i.e. 1 cm in the drawing corresponds to 100 m on the ground. The value of one pair of steps of the surveyor is 1.5 m. Therefore, 100 pairs of steps are equal to 150 m on the ground or 1.5 cm on the drawing. A 1.5 cm segment is laid on a straight line three, four or larger number once. Against the second division on the left, sign the number 0, and against subsequent divisions - the numbers 100, 200, 300, etc. Against the leftmost (first) division sign: 100 pairs of steps. This gives a scale of steps, each major division of which corresponds to 100 pairs of steps. In order for distances to be plotted with greater accuracy, the leftmost segment is divided into 10 small divisions of 1.5 mm, each of which will be equal to 10 pairs of steps.

Having such a scale, there is no need to convert pairs of steps into meters each time; It is enough to plot the number of pairs of steps taken to scale to get the distance on the shooting scale, which is plotted on the drawing.

The survey is carried out by walking around the area along the roads, the river bank, the edge of the forest, along the communication line, etc. The directions along which the survey is carried out are called running lines, and the points at which the directions of new running lines are determined and drawn are stations.

1. The procedure and content of drawing up a commander’s work card (show diagram)

Topographic maps are widely used by commanders and staffs of all levels to solve a variety of problems related to the actions of troops on the ground. Using the map, they study and evaluate the terrain, navigate the terrain, determine the coordinates of positions and targets, and perform various engineering and technical calculations.

The work card is topographic map, on which the commander (chief, staff officer), using graphic symbols and captions, displays the tactical or special situation and its changes during the battle. Using the work map, the commander studies and assesses the situation, makes decisions, assigns tasks to subordinates, organizes interaction, issues target designations, and reports on the progress of combat operations. This reveals the role and significance of the map as a means of controlling units in battle.

Unit commanders usually work with topographic maps at a scale of 1: 50,000 or 1: 100,000. In some cases, for example, when crossing water obstacles, commanders use maps of a larger scale, and when fighting in large populated areas- city plans on a scale of 1: 10,000 or 1: 25,000. Units are provided with topographic maps by higher headquarters. Platoon and company commanders and their peers receive maps at battalion (division) headquarters in advance or simultaneously with the assignment of combat missions.

Preparing a map for work includes familiarizing yourself with the map, gluing its sheets and folding the glued map.

Familiarization with the map consists of understanding its characteristics: scale, elevation of the relief section, year of publication, direction correction, as well as the location of the map sheet in the coordinate zone. Knowledge of these characteristics allows you to get an idea of ​​the geometric accuracy and detail of the map, the degree of its correspondence to the terrain, and the scale and year of publication, in addition, must be known for indication in documents developed on the map.

The height of the relief section, the year of publication, and the direction correction may be different for different map sheets. When gluing several sheets together, this data may be cut off or pasted over, so it is advisable to write it down on the back of each sheet of the card. You should remember the distance on the ground corresponding to 1 cm on the map, the steepness of the slopes when laid at 1 cm or 1 mm, the distance on the ground between the grid lines. All this makes working with the map much easier.

On each sheet of the map of the area of ​​operation, the units raise the signatures of the coordinate lines (nine signatures evenly spaced across the entire sheet). They are usually circled in black with a diameter of 0.8 cm and shaded yellow. In this case, when designating targets in a combat vehicle, there is no need to unroll the glued cards. When using maps located at the junction of coordinate zones, it is necessary to determine which zone grid should be used, and if necessary, apply an additional grid of the adjacent zone to the corresponding map sheet.

1. The essence and content of military command and control; requirements for it

The essence of command and control consists in the purposeful activities of commanders, staffs and other command and control bodies to maintain the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of troops, prepare for combat operations and guide them in carrying out assigned tasks.

primary goalmanagement is to ensure maximum efficiency in the use of subordinate troops with the least losses when solving assigned tasks in battle on time and in any situation.

The governing documents define 11 tasks that reveal management content :

Maintaining high combat and mobilization readiness of troops;

Continuous acquisition, collection, study, display, analysis and assessment of situational data;

Making decisions;

Bringing tasks to subordinates;

Combat planning;

Organizing and maintaining interaction;

Organization and conduct of events for all types of support;

Management of the training of subordinate control bodies and troops;

Organization and ensuring sustainable operation of the management system;

Direct control of the actions of troops when they perform combat missions;

Organization and implementation of control and assistance to subordinate headquarters and troops;

Maintaining a high moral and psychological state of personnel and other activities.

Requirements for command and control

Sustainability control is one of the main requirements, taking into account which the entire control system in modern combat is built and functions. The stability of command and control presupposes the ability of command and control bodies to perform their functions quite effectively in any situation, including under conditions of active enemy influence on the command and control system.

Control stability should be considered as a complex characteristic of the control system, including such properties as survivability, noise immunity and technical reliability.

continuity control - providing the command and staff with the opportunity to constantly influence the course of combat operations, that is, timely convey the combat mission to subordinates (orders , orders) and receive information from them about the current situation.

Management efficiency - This is the ability of command and staff to solve problems in a timely manner that ensures advance of the enemy, quickly respond to changes in the situation and timely influence the course of combat operations.

Stealth control - consists in the ability to keep secret from the enemy the main activities for preparing and conducting combat, as well as the position, condition and functioning of all elements of the control system.

Management efficiency is achieved by the validity of decisions made and compliance with the purpose of military operations; optimality of the developed solution; accuracy of the calculations.

1. The commander's work order after receiving a combat mission. Contents of the commander's decision to fight

The company (battalion) commander begins the work of organizing a battle, as a rule, by receiving a combat order (combat, preliminary combat order) or after the battalion (regiment) commander announces a decision to fight. The sequence of this work can be carried out in the following order:

Studying and understanding the task received;

Production of timing;

Orienting subordinates about the task received and the activities that need to be carried out immediately;

Assessing the situation and developing a battle plan;

- report and approval of the plan from the senior boss, issuing instructions for further work;

- communicating preliminary combat orders to subordinates;

- consideration and approval of the plans of subordinates;

Completion of decision-making (determination of combat missions, main issues of interaction, comprehensive support and management;

Report and approval of the decision by the senior manager;

Conducting reconnaissance;

Setting tasks for subordinates;

- review and approval of decisions of subordinates;

Battle planning;

Review and approval of planning documents;

Organizing interaction, issuing instructions for comprehensive support and management;

Practical work on training subordinate units;

Report to the senior manager on readiness to complete the assigned task.

Having understood the task, assessed the situation and taken into account the results of the calculations, the commander alone makes a decision.

The decision to fight (action) is understood as the commander’s finally chosen plan of action to accomplish the assigned task, which defines in general terms the procedure for using available forces and means. It should provide answers to questions about what, where, when, how and to whom to do it, in order to complete the task with the least amount of effort and resources.

In the decision, the company (battalion) commander determines:

Action plan;

Combat missions for units;

Basic issues of interaction, comprehensive support and management.

In a combat order, the battalion (company) commander indicates:

in the first paragraph - brief conclusions from the enemy’s assessment,

in the second paragraph - the combat strength and tasks of the battalion (company);

in the third paragraph - tasks performed in the interests of the battalion (company) by the forces and means of the senior commander;

in the fourth paragraph - the tasks of neighbors and interacting units;

in the fifth paragraph - after the word “decided” the battle plan is explained;

in the sixth paragraph - after the word “I order”, combat missions are assigned to the units, specifying their combat composition, forces and means of reinforcement, the order of their reassignment, the allocated number of missiles and ammunition;

in the seventh paragraph - the places and times of deployment of control points and the procedure for transferring control;

in the eighth point - the time of readiness for battle.

Making a decision. As the decision is made, everything that can be displayed graphically is mapped by the battalion commander together with the chief of staff, and the company commander independently plots it on the map.

1. Nuclear weapon. Physical foundations of nuclear weapons. Types of nuclear explosions, characteristics of the damaging effects of nuclear explosions

Isotopes of uranium and plutonium:

The minimum mass of fissile material at which, under given conditions, a chain fission process can occur is called critical mass.

– reaction of fusion of light nuclei. Flows if the kinetic energy of the nuclei is sufficient to overcome the forces of mutual repulsion between them

The synthesis reaction of deuterium and tritium in nuclear charges provides maximum energy release.

Nuclear charges in which the main source of energy is the fission reaction of the nuclei of heavy elements are called atomic.

Nuclear charges in which the main source of energy is the fusion reaction of light elements are called thermonuclear.

TNT equivalent nuclear ammunition is a mass of TNT, the explosion of which releases the same energy as the explosion of this ammunition.

Less than 1 ct – ultra-small
From 1 to 10 ct – small
From 10 to 100 kt – medium
From 100 kt to 1 Mt – large
More than 1 MT – extra large

Ground nuclear explosion - near the surface of the earth.
Air– in air with a density close to normal. Divided into high(more than 10 km) and low.
Navodny– to destroy surface ships and submarines in a surface position.
Underwater- to destroy submarines underwater, destroy anti-submarine mine barriers.
Underground- below the surface of the earth. For the destruction of underground structures, dams, runways

The explosion begins from the moment the chain process of fission of heavy nuclei is initiated, and as a result of the release of intranuclear energy, the entire charge is heated and transformed into high-temperature plasma, which at the initial t = becomes a source of long-wave X-ray radiation.

1. Chemical weapon. Classification and characteristics of chemical agents, methods of using chemical weapons

Chemical weapon- weapon, lethal effect which is based on the use of toxic warfare agents chemical substances(BTHV).

Toxic substances– toxic chemical compounds.
Toxins– poisonous proteins of microbial, animal or plant origin. Phytotoxins– pesticides for destroying agricultural crops and defoliating trees

Basic conditions– steam, non-settling fine aerosol, settling coarse aerosol, drops.

Penetration methods– through the respiratory system, skin, stomach, mucous membrane of the eyes, wounds.

Impact on the senses - disrupt the functioning of the respiratory organs, etc.

Share on the:

nerve gases

blister

generally poisonous

suffocating

psychogenic

emetic and irritating

For tactical purposes:

fatal

temporarily incapacitating (2-5 days)

short-term incapacitating (2-5 hours)

According to the duration of chemical contamination of the area:

• intermediate (several minutes – several hours)

  unstable

By means The applications of BTXV are ammunition and military devices.
Ammunition– chemical artillery shells, aerial bombs and cassettes, warheads of tactical missiles, mines, landmines.
Devices– reusable: combat aircraft, mechanical aerosol generators

Objects for chemical strikes:

• control points

Problems to be solved:

defeat of manpower: delivery vehicles, massive strikes are needed

conditions that complicate the actions of troops: the use of single weapons is possible

Means of protection:

timely notification

personal and collective protective equipment

training and regular training

When striking:
At the warning signal or on your own, immediately put on a gas mask and protective raincoat, and use protective equipment. If chemicals come into contact with exposed areas of the body or clothing, immediately treat the contaminated areas with individual anti-chemical agents.

1. Tasks and methods of reconnaissance in combined arms combat

Reconnaissance is organized and conducted in any situation in order to obtain information about the enemy and the terrain in the area of ​​upcoming actions. The main requirements for reconnaissance are purposefulness, continuity, activity, efficiency, secrecy, reliability and accuracy in determining the coordinates of reconnaissance objects (targets).

The information obtained is transferred to the commander (chief) who assigned the task of conducting reconnaissance. Particularly important information is reported immediately.

Reconnaissance patrol(RD) - is deployed, as a rule, as part of a reconnaissance platoon, and from a reconnaissance detachment, in addition, as part of an MSV (tv). The RD operates at a distance of up to 15 km from its subdivisions, and the one sent from the reconnaissance detachment operates at a distance of up to 10 km from its main forces.

Removal of patrols when operating at night in the city is usually reduced.

A platoon assigned to the RD can, if necessary, be reinforced with engineer sappers and one or two reconnaissance chemists.

The patrols conduct reconnaissance with patrol squads, observers and foot patrols. Intelligence information is obtained by observation, eavesdropping, reconnaissance ambushes, raids, interviewing local residents, interrogating prisoners, studying documents, weapons and equipment of the enemy.

Tasks of the reconnaissance patrol

The tasks of the RD are:

determining the coordinates of weapons of mass destruction (this is the primary task of intelligence officers in any situation);

monitoring the enemy and the terrain, the actions of friendly units and neighbors in the specified sectors and observation zones, in the direction and zones of reconnaissance operations;

identifying gaps, joints, open flanks in the enemy’s battle formation or weakly defended areas;

detection of the enemy, determination of the areas where his forces are located, composition, groupings, nature of actions, intentions, combat effectiveness, numbering of units and subunits;

establishing the exact position control points, communication centers, radio equipment, fire weapons, tanks (infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, BRDM), artillery, mortars, PTS and other types of weapons;

reconnaissance of defensive structures and engineering-chemical barriers;

studying the nature and protective properties of the terrain, relief, natural obstacles, the condition of roads, bridges, water barriers, areas of upcoming actions and the influence of the terrain on the units’ database;

capture of new types of enemy weapons and military equipment in order to study their combat qualities and effectiveness of combat use.

The commander organizing or conducting reconnaissance always carries out these tasks both in the interests of his own combat mission and in the interests of the combat mission of the senior commander (chief).

1. Place and tasks of units when positioned on the spot (show a diagram of the platoon's location on the ground)

The deployment of troops on site is organized by the decision of the senior commander. Location area usually assigned to areas that have natural shelters: forests, groves, hollows, ravines, workings, allowing for the secrecy of the deployment of units and subunits. This requirement takes on particular importance if we take into account the increased capabilities of aerial reconnaissance, as well as the likelihood of the enemy using nuclear weapons and reconnaissance and strike systems. In addition, the location area must provide the necessary dispersion of troops, opportunities for maneuver in the desired direction, convenience of accommodation and rest for personnel, favorable sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic conditions.

In addition to the main area, a reserve location area is assigned, where units can be withdrawn if there is an immediate threat of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction in the occupied area or in the event of sudden attacks by them with nuclear precision weapons, as well as incendiary weapons.

Motorized rifle and tank companies are located in the areas indicated to them, usually along the advance routes, using the protective and camouflage properties of the terrain. Ravines, beams, pits of developments and quarries, and excavations are used as shelters for tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, and armored personnel carriers. Tanks and others in the forest combat vehicles It is advisable to place along clearings and forest roads under the crowns of dense trees. Subdivisions should not be allowed to be located under power lines or near gas and oil pipelines.

Direct protection organized on the battalion scale and in companies. In a battalion, this includes paired patrols and the constant duty of observers at the battalion command and observation post. In addition, a duty unit is assigned, usually within a platoon. It is located in the place indicated by the battalion commander and is in constant readiness to destroy enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups and perform other suddenly arising tasks, as well as to extinguish fires in the area of ​​​​location and near it. In a company, direct security is carried out by patrolling around the company's location and by constant duty of observers at the company's command and observation post. In addition, a daily patrol is assigned to protect personnel, weapons and military equipment.

TO guard protection include guard detachments, guard outposts, guard posts, secrets. The number, composition and removal of security units are determined by the distance and nature of the enemy's actions, the importance of the protected area, the time required for the deployment of the guarded troops, the nature of the terrain and observation conditions. Sentry detachments and outposts are set up by order of the senior commander; guard posts and secrets constitute the outpost security of the battalion.

1. Sequence of engineering equipment for a platoon stronghold in defense

Engineering equipment of a strong point is one of the tasks of combat engineering support, a set of measures carried out in order to adapt the terrain for combat, create conditions conducive to the successful execution of combat missions by friendly troops, complicate the conduct of combat operations by the enemy and reduce the effectiveness of their weapons. The stability of the defense and the overall accomplishment of the combat mission depend on the skillful use of the terrain and its engineering equipment.

The engineering equipment of the strong point includes the construction of trenches, trenches, communication passages for unit personnel, equipment of the main and reserve firing positions of combat vehicles, other fire weapons, a command and observation post, blocked slots, dugouts, engineering obstacles and camouflage. It begins immediately after the positions of the units and fire weapons are determined, i.e., simultaneously with the organization of the fire system, and is carried out in a sequence that ensures the constant readiness of the units to repel an attack, covertly, with full exertion of forces and the maximum use of mechanization and local construction materials.

When organizing defense in conditions of direct contact with the enemy in a stronghold of a motorized rifle platoon, first of all, single (paired) trenches are opened for firing from machine guns, machine guns, hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers, which are connected to each other into trenches for a squad, trenches for infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers, tanks) ) at the main positions, as well as the command and observation post of the platoon commander.
Secondly, the trenches into squads in a company strong point are connected by a continuous trench, trenches are opened at reserve (temporary) firing positions for tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) and other fire weapons, as well as communication passages to the firing positions of infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) , covered slots (dugouts) are arranged for each compartment (crew). Subsequently, a dugout is set up at the command and observation post of the platoon commander, and if there is time, a communication line to the rear is opened, which is adapted for firing, after which the improvement and development of everything continues engineering equipment strong point.

At the tank platoon stronghold, first of all, trenches for tanks are opened at the main firing positions, and the area is cleared to improve conditions for observation and firing. Secondly, trenches are opened at reserve firing positions, dugouts are built for each crew, and, if necessary, niches (cellars) for ammunition.
In the absence of direct contact with the enemy and when the situation allows, earth-moving machines and bulldozer equipment are used to dig out trenches, communication passages, trenches for tanks, and infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers).
All positions must be prepared for protection against incendiary weapons and carefully camouflaged, for which local materials and service equipment are used.
The platoon commander personally manages the engineering equipment of the stronghold, maintaining the platoon's constant readiness to repel an enemy attack.

1. Tactical standards of units (mso, msv, msr, msb) in defensive combat (front and depth of defense)

Indicators MSO MSV(tv) MSR(tr) SME(tb)

DEFENSE (km)

Position width, GP, ROP, district up to 0.1; up to 0.4; 1-1.5; 3-5

Depth of battle formation - up to 0.3; up to 1; 2-2.5

Removing combat guards - - - up to 2

Removal of KNP from the leading edge - 0.2; up to 0.8; up to 2

Removal of OP min batr from the first echelon ROP - - - 0.5

1. Tactical standards of units (mso, msv, msr, msb) in offensive combat (offensive front and depth of combat missions)

TACTICAL STANDARDS ON THE OFFENSIVE

1. Organization and armament of the US infantry fighting force (up to platoon). TTX "Bradley"

Headquarters 22 people, two M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles and three M577A1 command and staff vehicles.

The headquarters company (345) includes a control section (6, two M577A1 KShM) and six platoons:

reconnaissance (30, control on two BRM MZ and two reconnaissance sections on two BRM MZ)

mortar (36, control on two M966 vehicles and two mortar sections, each with an M577A1 KShM and three 106.7 mm self-propelled mortars)

communications (13, control and two sections - radio and wired communications)

medical (49, five M113A1 armored personnel carriers, control, first aid station and evacuation section, which has eight M113A1 armored personnel carriers)

support (125, 58 vehicles, control on the M577A1 KShM and three sections - transport, refueling and food supply)

repair (86, management and eight sections - administrative, repair, technical support, four sections of technical support for motorized arable companies and one - anti-tank)

In total, the headquarters and headquarters company have 367 people, 2 M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles, 6 MZ BRMs, 6 106.7 mm self-propelled mortars, 22 7.62 mm M60 light machine guns, 15 M113A1 armored personnel carriers, 8 M577A1 KShMs.

The motorized infantry company (116) consists of a command and control unit and three motorized infantry platoons.

The department has 11 people (including the company command), an M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle and an M113A1 armored personnel carrier.

The motorized infantry platoon (35) has a control section (eight people and an M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle) and three motorized infantry squads, each with nine people (a squad commander, his deputy, a gunner - an infantry fighting vehicle operator, a driver, a Dragon ATGM launcher operator, a machine gunner, two machine gunners, a grenade launcher) and an M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle.

In total, the company has 13 M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles, M113A1 armored personnel carriers, 9 Dragon ATGM launchers, 9 7.62 mm M60.18 machine guns, 5.56 mm M249 machine guns, 74 5.56 mm M16A1 automatic rifles, 18 40-mm RPG M203 and other weapons.

The anti-tank company (65) includes control (three people and an M113A1 armored personnel carrier), three anti-tank platoons: each with 20 people, control (four people and an M113A1 armored personnel carrier), two anti-tank sections of two crews (each with four people and a self-propelled ATGM "Toy" M901).

There are 12 in total anti-tank systems, 4 armored personnel carriers and other weapons.

In general, judging by foreign press reports, the motorized infantry battalion has 896 people, including 47 officers, 54 M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles, 6 MZ BRMs, 6 106.7 mm self-propelled mortars, 12 Toy M901 self-propelled ATGMs , 23 M113A1 armored personnel carriers, 8 M577A1 KShMs, 36 Dragon ATGM launchers, 70 7.62 mm and 42 12.7 mm machine guns, 114 vehicles, about 250 radio stations and other weapons.

TTX Bradley BMP

The M2 Bradley's armament consists of:

25 mm M242 Bushmaster cannon, 7.62 mm M240C machine gun, TOW ATGM launcher and six fixed 5.56 mm M231 FPW machine guns.

M240C coaxial 7.62mm machine gun

ATGM "TOW"

Surveillance and communications equipment

The external communications equipment installed on the M2 "Bradley" depends on the position of the infantry fighting vehicle in the hierarchy of the unit: an AN/GRC-160 radio station is installed on line vehicles, two AN/GRC-160 on infantry fighting vehicles for platoon commanders, one AN/GRC-160 for company commanders and one AN/GRC-46. There are two antenna inputs, the first is located on the rear of the tower roof, the second on the right side of the tower. Internal communication between the crew members and the landing commander is provided by the TPU (tank intercom).

Engine and transmission

The M2 "Bradley" is equipped with an eight-cylinder four-stroke V-shaped turbodiesel VTA-903T manufactured by Cummins Engine Company. Engine power is 500 hp. at 2600 rpm. Torque is 1390 Nm at 2350 rpm.

Armored hull and turret

The M2 “Bradley” body is welded, made of aluminum alloy. The armor is differentiated, with different angles of inclination. Frontal and side armor is spaced combined - steel + aluminum sheets with the gap filled with polyurethane foam. To increase protection against mines, the bottom is reinforced with steel sheet. The use of aluminum alloy armor allows for a weight reduction of 10-15% compared to steel armor without losing the level of protection, and due to the greater thickness of the aluminum sheets, the rigidity of the case increases. In the upper frontal part of the infantry fighting vehicles of the first series M2 (A0) and A1, a flat folding wave-breaker shield was installed, which was eliminated starting with the modification of the A2 vehicle.

1. Organization and armament of the German MPB (up to platoon). TTX "Leopard"

The German ground forces have three army corps, four types of divisions: motorized infantry (four), tank (six), mountain infantry and airborne. Motorized infantry and tank divisions consist of divisional units, motorized infantry and tank brigades.

The basis of motorized infantry and tank brigades are motorized infantry battalions of tank brigades, motorized infantry battalions on the Marder infantry fighting vehicle of motorized infantry brigades and mixed motorized infantry battalions of motorized infantry brigades, tank battalions of motorized infantry and tank brigades and mixed tank battalions of tank brigades.

A mixed motorized infantry battalion of a motorized infantry brigade battalions (Fig. 1) organizationally consists of a headquarters, a tank and supply company, two motorized infantry companies on the Marder infantry fighting vehicle and a tank company.

Composition of the Bundeswehr motorized infantry battalion

Picture 1

The headquarters and supply company includes platoons: reconnaissance, repair, supply, as well as three sections: wheeled and tracked vehicles, communications, and medical. The company has 184 people, and is armed with 2 Marder infantry fighting vehicles, 5 M113 armored personnel carriers (three of them are ambulances), 25 44-mm RPGs, 10 machine guns, 50 vehicles and other military equipment.

A motorized infantry company on the Marder infantry fighting vehicle, in addition to a control section, includes three motorized infantry platoons and a motorized infantry section. The company has over 100 personnel, the Marder infantry fighting vehicle - 11, the Milan ATGM launcher - 6, 44-mm grenade launchers - 8, 40-mm anti-tank grenade launchers - 7, and other military equipment.

A motorized infantry platoon on a Marder infantry fighting vehicle consists of a control group and two motorized infantry squads. The platoon size is 27 people. Each squad has 10 personnel: squad commander, assistant squad commander, driver-mechanic of the Marder infantry fighting vehicle, gunner-operator of the infantry fighting vehicle, machine gunner, Milan ATGM operator, grenade launcher, assistant grenade launcher, two riflemen. Armament and military equipment of the squad: BMP “Marder” - 1, 44-mm RPG “Panzerfaust” - 1, 7.62-mm single machine gun MG - 1, 7.62-mm automatic rifle MG-3 - 5, 9-mm pistols “Walter” - 5.

A tank company has three tank platoons (each with four Leopard-1 or Leopard-2 tanks). The company has about 60 personnel and 13 tanks, 1 44-mm RPG, 2 vehicles.

TTX Leopard

Combat weight, t42.4

Crew, people 4

Specific power, hp/t 19.6

Specific ground pressure, kg/cm2 0.87

Maximum speed on the highway, km/h64

Obstacles, m

Ford depth, without preparation 1.2

with partial preparation 2.25

Cruising range on the highway, km 600

Gun, caliber (type) 105 (NP)

Ammunition, pcs 60

Armor penetration of shells, mm/60°

sub-caliber (D=2 km) Up to 120

cumulative Up to 200

Machine guns, number of caliber 2x7.62

Ammunition, pcs 60

Thickness and slope of the forehead. armor, mm/deg

tower (casting) 162/30 + screens

body 100/60

Engine type 4-stroke diesel

brand MB-838 Ca M-500

power, hp 830

Fuel tank capacity, l 1007

Transmission brand 4HP-2500

number of gears, forward/reverse 4/2

type of steering mechanism Differential

1. Mine-explosive barriers, their purpose and characteristics. TTX mines TM-62M

Mine-explosive barriers designed to delay the enemy's advance, impede his maneuver, inflict losses on him in manpower and equipment, and create the most favorable conditions for his troops to defeat the enemy with all types of weapons. They are installed in front of the front of positions occupied by subunits and units, on the flanks and in the spaces between them. In addition, engineering barriers cover control posts, position areas of missile units, and other important facilities.

Engineering barriers are used in all types of combat and are installed

combined with natural obstacles and a fire system.

Engineering barriers are being created along the lines and in the directions. They

must be unexpected for the enemy, resistant to all types of fire

impact and not hamper the maneuver of troops.

According to their purpose, barriers are divided into:

Anti-tank (anti-tank minefields, groups of mines, individual

anti-tank mines, explosive charges, non-explosive barriers);

Anti-personnel (anti-personnel and mixed minefields, explosive charges,

booby traps, non-explosive anti-personnel and combined obstacles);

Anti-vehicle barriers (mine-explosive barriers installed on

railways and highways, roads, bridges, tunnels, and other places, and

also rubble, gouges and other non-explosive obstacles);

Anti-landing barriers are installed on sea coasts and

Engineering barriers are installed in the first and second degrees

readiness.

First degree of readiness - barriers are in full combat mode

readiness: mines are finally equipped and installed, and guided mines and

minefields have been brought into combat condition, minefield fences have been removed;

non-explosive barriers are fully prepared, passages and crossings through them

closed, destroyed or mined.

Second degree - the barriers are prepared for their rapid transfer to

first degree: the mines are finally equipped and installed, but the fences are not

have been removed, guided mines and minefields are in a safe condition,

non-explosive barriers are fully prepared, but passages and passages through

them are open.

Based on the nature of their actions, engineering barriers are divided into:

Mine-explosive (MVZ), which form the basis of all engineering

barriers and are installed in the form of minefields, groups of mines, individual

min incl. and nuclear.

Non-explosive barriers, which are made of earth, concrete, stone,

brick, metal, wood, water, snow and other materials. In my own way

By purpose they are divided into anti-tank and anti-personnel. TO

anti-tank non-explosive barriers include: anti-tank ditches, counter-scarps,

scarps, gouges, barriers, forest debris, snow banks, hedgehogs, etc.

Submarine non-explosive barriers can be portable or permanent. Portable

barriers are used mainly to quickly close passages,

destroyed sections of barriers, as well as in cases where the construction

other barriers are difficult. These include inconspicuous wire

nets, barriers made of garlands of barbed and smooth wire, spirals, slingshots

Permanent anti-personnel barriers include:

Wire nets on high and low stakes.

Wire fences.

Sketch wire.

Snares and loops.

Notches in the forest, etc.

The location of non-explosive barriers should not be formulaic. At

When installing such barriers, passages are left in them for the passage of their

troops, and to quickly close them they are preparing the required number of mines or

portable barriers.

In addition to mine-explosive and non-explosive barriers,

combined barriers, which are a combination of PT and PP

non-explosive barriers or this combination with increased mine-explosive

barriers, as well as alarm systems.

When constructing such barriers, measures must be taken that

would exclude the defeat of their troops.

Minefields are anti-tank, anti-personnel and mixed. Their

installed in front of troop positions, on the flanks and in between

identified directions of enemy attack, as well as to cover

areas where troops and facilities are located.

Minefields are characterized by dimensions along the front and in depth,

the number of rows of mines and the distance between mines and rows, the consumption of mines per

1 km front and the probability of destruction of military equipment and railways.

Groups of mines (individual mines) are installed on road bypasses, fords,

roadsides, mountain trails and populated areas.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the mine

Mine type…………………………………......anti-track
Housing…………………………………….....metal.
Weight……………………………………....…..9.5-10 kg.
Weight of the adult substance (TNT, TGA, MS)…......7-7.5 kg.
Diameter…………………………………...…...32 cm.
Height with MV-62………………………….…....12.8 cm.
Height with MVSh-62……………………….….....100.2 cm.
Target sensor diameter………………………....…9cm.
Sensitivity……………………………200-500 kg.
Temperature range of application.........-60 --+60 degrees.

1. Minefields, their main characteristics. TTX mines MON-50

According to their purpose, minefields are divided into anti-tank, anti-personnel, and mixed.

In anti-tank minefields, mines are installed in three to four rows with a distance between rows of 20-40 m and between mines in a row of 4-5.5 m for anti-track type TM-62 and 9-12 m for anti-bottom type TMK-2. Their consumption per 1 km of minefield is 750-1000 and 300-400 pieces, respectively.

The installation of an anti-tank minefield manually using a drill crew method is carried out by a unit outside of enemy fire. The platoon personnel from the field depot bring four mines and line up on the starting line in one line with an interval of 8 steps facing towards the minefield. At the command of the commander, the entire line moves forward and distributes mines, for which, having reached the fourth, third and second row, each soldier in each row places one anti-tank mine to his left at a distance of one step, then takes two steps to the right and moves to the next row . Coming to the front row, the soldiers plant mines in the ground. If there is grass cover, the turf is carefully turned away. After installation, the mines are carefully camouflaged. Mine and fuses caps, tools, milestones and pointers must not be left at the installation sites.

At the command of the commander, the soldiers, returning back, plant mines in the ground in the second, third and fourth rows. Squad commanders check the quality of the installation and the correctness of the mine equipment. The commander of the right-flank (left-flank) squad, while laying mines, marks the boundaries of the mined area with milestones. After the mines are laid, the milestones are removed, the unit lines up on the starting line and moves forward for the next approach.

In 10 hours, a prepared platoon can install 1000 - 1200 mines using this method.

The installation of an anti-tank minefield using the PMZ-4 minelayer is carried out by a crew consisting of five numbers. The first number is the operator, who is also the crew chief, who is on the minelayer, sets the mining step, controls the plow device and monitors the passage of mines in the conveyor. The second, third and fourth numbers are located in the back of the car, and mines are removed from the container, fed to the receiving tray and the minelayer conveyor. The fifth crew number is the tractor driver. The mining step is taken to be 4 or 5.5 m. A three-row minefield with a length of 800 - 1100 m is installed by three minelayers in one go. Installation time – 35-40 minutes.

With the use of minelayers, anti-tank mines can be installed buried in the ground or on the surface. Loading mines into a container is carried out outside the minefield by crews with the involvement of drivers of transport vehicles.

During combat operations, mobile barrage detachments are created from units armed with PM3-4. For one day of battle they are allocated 3 ammunition loads (1800) of anti-tank mines.

Anti-personnel minefields are laid from high-explosive and fragmentation mines. They can be installed in front of anti-tank minefields, in front of non-explosive barriers or in combination with them, and in areas of terrain inaccessible to mechanized troops.

Along the front, minefields range from several tens to hundreds of meters, and in depth - 10 - 15 meters or more. Minefields can consist of 2 - 4 or more rows with a distance between rows of more than 5 m, and between mines in a row for high-explosive mines - at least 1 m. Consumption per 1 km of a minefield is 2 - 3 thousand minutes.

Anti-personnel minefields are laid with PM3-4 minelayers, using vehicles equipped with trays and manually.

When laying mines manually using the drill crew method, only high-explosive mines are used. Each soldier in one go lays as many mines as there are rows in the minefield.

Installation of a minefield is carried out similarly to installation of an anti-tank minefield. The installation of mines in the ground begins from the first row without first spreading them. At the command of the commander, the soldiers, having completed the installation of the first row, move to the second, third and fourth row. The boundaries of the approaches are indicated by milestones and flags, which are rearranged during subsequent approaches and removed at the end of the installation. Squad leaders ensure that soldiers follow safety precautions and that they are installed correctly.

In 10 hours, a trained platoon can lay down 3000–4000 mines.

Through electronic means, take on the domestic market, must take into account the recommendations organizations controlling prices. Prices on JV products on... our advantage in production weapons, in the field of nuclear...

If the Soviet and German rifle squads and platoons were approximately similar in composition and structure, there were very significant differences between the Soviet rifle and German infantry companies.
The main difference was that the Soviet rifle company, unlike the German one, did not have material supply and support units in its structure.

This was a 100% combat unit.
The company's logistics support was a rifle battalion and a regiment. There were corresponding rear structures, rear convoys, etc.

At the level of a rifle company, the only person who was directly involved in providing support for the company was the company commander himself and the company foreman. It was on them that all the care for the simple company economy hung.

The rifle company did not even have its own field kitchen. Therefore, the provision of hot meals was carried out at the battalion or regiment level.

The situation was completely different in the German infantry company.

A German infantry company can be conditionally divided into two parts: combat and logistical support (a convoy, two quartermaster detachments, a mobile workshop).
These are the rear units of the company, which were engaged in supplying the company with everything necessary.

They did not directly participate in combat operations on the front line and during the company’s offensive they were subordinated directly to battalion and regimental rear structures.

These units were located 3-5 km from the front line.

What constituted the combat unit of a German infantry company?

German infantry company (Schuetzenkompanie).

The total strength of the German infantry company is 191 people (in a Soviet rifle company 179 people).
This is what it looks like schematically:

Four messengers with the rank of Gefreiter inclusive.
One of them is simultaneously a bugler, the other a light signalman.
Armed with carbines.

Two cyclists with the rank of up to Gefreiter inclusive.
Armed with carbines. They travel on bicycles.

Two coachmen with the rank of Gefreiter inclusive. They drive a heavy horse-drawn carriage drawn by four horses.
Armed with carbines.

Groom for an officer's horse with the rank of Gefreiter inclusive. Armed with a carbine. Equipped with a bicycle for transportation.

Thus, the total number of combat units of the control department was not 12, but 9 people. With the company commander - 10 people.

The basis of the combat unit of an infantry company was infantry platoons.
There were 3 of them, just like in the Soviet rifle company.

The total number of soldiers in the infantry platoons was 49x3 = 147 people.
Taking into account the number of combat units of the control department, including the company commander (10 people), we get 157 people.

Infantry platoons at company level received reinforcement in the form of an anti-tank squad (Panzerabwehrbuchsentrupp).

There are 7 people in the department. Of these, 1 non-commissioned officer and 6 soldiers.
The squad's group weapons are three Pz.B.39 anti-tank rifles.
Squad leader with the rank of Obergeifreiter to Unterfeldwebel. Armed with a carbine.

Three calculations of anti-tank guns.
Each squad consisted of a PR shooter in the ranks up to and including Gefreiter (personal weapon - a pistol) and his assistant in the ranks up to and including Gefreiter. Armed with a carbine.

The total number of people in the calculation is 4 people.
The number of squad members is 7 people (3x2 +1 squad leader)
The anti-tank squad was armed with:
Anti-tank rifle Pz.B.39 - 3 pcs.
Repeating rifle Mauser 98k - 4 pcs.
8-shot pistol - 3 pcs.

In total, the German infantry company has a combat strength of 157 + 7 = 164 people out of 191 people in the company.

27 people are rear guards.

Vehicles:
1. Riding horse - 1 pc.
2. Bicycle - 3 pcs.

Only 4 horses per company.

A few words about the Pz.B.39 anti-tank rifle.

German anti-tank rifle Pz.B.39

For service German army in World War II there were two main types of anti-tank rifles - the PzB-38 and its later modification, the PzB-39.

The abbreviation PzB stands for Panzerbüchse (anti-tank rifle).
Both the PzB-38 and PzB-39 used the "Patrone 318" 7.92x94 mm cartridge.
Several types of such cartridges were produced:
Patrone 318 SmK-Rs-L"spur- a cartridge with a pointed bullet in a casing, with a poisonous reagent, tracer.

Patrone 318 SmKH-Rs-L"spur.- a cartridge with a pointed bullet in a shell (hard) with a poisonous reagent, tracer.
This, in fact, is an armor-piercing cartridge.

Number 318 was the reciprocal number of the old designation (813 - 8 mm bullet in a 13 mm sleeve).
SmK meant Spitzgeschoss mit Kern (sharpened bullet in a jacket)
SmKH- Spitzgeschoss mit Kern (Hart) (sharpened bullet in a jacket (Hard)
Rs- Reizstoff (Poisonous agent), because the bullet had a small amount of tear gas to affect the crew of the armored vehicle, chloro-acetophenone was placed in the recess at the bottom of the core - a toxic agent with tear action, but due to the small amount of tear gas in the capsule, the crew most often just it did not notice. By the way, until German samples of anti-tank rifles were captured, no one suspected that their bullets contained gas.
L"spur- Leuchtspur (Tracer), the bullet had a small tracer in the rear.

Its bullet weighing 14.5 g accelerated in the barrel to 1180 m/s. The fairly high armor-piercing effect of the bullet, piercing 20-mm armor installed at an angle of 20° to the normal at a distance of 400 m, was ensured by a tungsten core.

According to other data, the PTR penetrated 20 mm armor from a distance of 300 m and 30 mm armor from a distance of 100 m at an angle of 90°.
In practice, fire was fired from a distance of 100 to 200 m, mainly at the tracks and fuel tanks of the tank in order to stop it.
However, at the same time, the PTR very quickly discovered its position and became an excellent target for shooters.
Therefore, if anti-tank rifles were a reinforcement of the German infantry company in the confrontation with tanks, it was not too significant.

The main part of the tanks was destroyed by anti-tank guns, which the German infantry company did not have at its disposal.

Now let’s compare a German infantry company with a Soviet infantry company, not from the point of view of the total number of personnel, but from the point of view of the combat strength of those who were directly on the front line.

Soviet rifle company
The rifle company was the next largest tactical unit after the platoon and was part of the rifle battalion.

The rifle company was commanded by a company commander (company commander) with the rank of captain.
The company commander was entitled to a riding horse.
Because on a company march, he had to control the movement of the company, which was stretched during the march, and if necessary, the horse could be used to communicate with other companies or the battalion command.
Armed with a TT pistol.

The company political instructor was the assistant to the company commander.
He conducted political educational work in the company's units and kept in touch with the political department of the battalion and regiment.
Armed with a TT pistol.

But the actual assistant to the company commander was the company foreman.
He was in charge of the rather poor, frankly speaking, company economy, dealt with the issues of providing the company units with everything they needed, receiving everything they needed in the battalion, which included the rifle company.
For these purposes, the company had one horse and cart, which was driven by a driver with the rank of private, armed with a rifle like the foreman.

The company had its own clerk. He was also armed with a rifle.

There was one messenger in the company with the rank of private. But despite his private rank, he was, perhaps, the left hand of the company commander. He was entrusted with important tasks, he was always close to the battalion commander, knew all the platoon commanders and squad leaders well, etc. And he was known not only in the company units, but also in the battalion.
He was also armed with a rifle.

The basis of a rifle company consisted of rifle platoons.
There were 3 such platoons in the rifle company.
At the company level, rifle platoons were reinforced primarily in the form of a machine gun platoon.

Machine gun platoon.
The machine gun platoon was headed by a machine gun platoon commander with the rank of lieutenant.
Weapon - TT pistol.

The machine gun platoon consisted of two crews of the Maxim heavy machine gun.
Each crew was commanded by a sergeant.
Weapon - TT pistol.

The crew consisted of a crew commander and four privates (gunner, assistant gunner, cartridge carrier and driver), armed with rifles.
According to the state, each crew relied on a horse and a cart for transporting a machine gun (cart). The crew was armed with rifles.

The number of machine gun crews was 6 soldiers.
The size of the machine gun platoon was (6x2 + platoon commander) = 13 soldiers.
Armed with a machine gun platoon:
Machine gun "Maxima" - 2 pcs.
Self-loading rifle SVT 38/40 - (4x2)=8 pcs.
TT pistol - 3 pcs.

The main purpose of the Maxim machine gun was to suppress enemy firing points and support infantry.
The high rate of fire (combat 600 rounds per minute) and high firing accuracy of the machine gun made it possible to carry out this task from a distance of 100 to 1000 m to friendly troops.
All machine gun crew members had the same skills in firing a machine gun and, if necessary, could change the crew commander, gunner, etc.
Each heavy machine gun carried a combat set of cartridges, 12 boxes with machine gun belts (a belt - 250 rounds), two spare barrels, one box with spare parts, one box with accessories, three cans for water and lubricant, and an optical machine gun sight.
The machine gun had an armor shield that protected it from shrapnel, light bullets, etc.
Shield thickness - 6 mm.

German machine gunners have no protection other than a helmet.

True, it was not always the shield that saved the machine gunner.

Bullet hits are visible.

And here it’s actually a sieve. Apparently they were shooting from armor-piercing cartridges.
And the trunk got it.

Thus, the main weapon reinforcement for platoons at the company level was the 7.62 mm heavy machine gun of the Maxim system, model 1910/30.

In addition, as a company reinforcement of platoons during the battle, the company had 2 snipers.
A fairly powerful reinforcement of company units for the purpose of destroying enemy firing points from long distances and incapacitating enemy unit commanders.
The snipers were armed with a Mosin rifle (three-line) with a PU optical sight (short sight).
What is a sniper? A good sniper from a distance of 300 m in a minute of shooting can easily kill an infantry squad. And in a pair - half a platoon. Not to mention machine gun points, gun crews, etc.

But they could work from 800 m.

The company also included a sanitary department.
The squad was commanded by the squad commander, a sergeant-medic.
He had 4 orderlies under his command.
The squad is armed with 1 pistol.
Well, that’s practically one orderly per platoon.
Rifle platoons, unlike German infantry platoons, did not have a medical orderly.
But as we see, the platoon was still not left without a medic.
Total: 5 people. Armed with one pistol.

Total company strength:
Company commander - 1 person.
Company political instructor - 1 person.
Company sergeant major - 1 person.
Bellboy - 1 person.
Clerk - 1 person.
Riding - 1 person.
Rifle platoons - 51x3=153 people
Machine gun platoon - 13 people
Sniper - 2 people
Sanitary department - 5 people.
Total: 179 people.

In service with the company:
Machine gun "Maxima" - 2 pcs.
PD Degtyarev machine gun - 12 pcs. (4 pieces each in each rifle platoon)
Light 50 mm mortar - 3 pcs. (1 piece each in each rifle platoon)
PPD submachine gun - 27 pcs. (9 pieces in each platoon)
Rifle SVT-38, SVT-40 - 152 pcs. (36 pieces in each platoon + 8x4 = 32 + 8 pieces in a machine gun platoon + 4 for the rest)
Mosin sniper rifle with PU sight - 2 pcs.
TT pistols - 22 pcs. (6 pieces in each platoon + 1 in a machine gun platoon + 1 in the medical department + 2 in the company and political officer)

Vehicles:
Riding horse - 1 pc.
Horse and cart - 3 pcs.
Total 4 horses

In service with a German infantry company / in comparison with a Soviet rifle company:

1. Light machine gun - 12/12
2. Heavy machine gun - 0/2
3. Submachine gun - 16/27
4. Repeating rifle - 132/0
5. Self-loading rifle - 0/152
6. Sniper rifle - 0/2
7. Mortar 50 mm - 3/3
8. Anti-tank rifle - 3/0
9. Pistol - 47/22

From this we can conclude that the Soviet rifle company at the company level was significantly superior in firepower and armament to the German infantry company.

Conclusions on numbers.
The total strength of the German infantry company is 191 people. (Soviet rifle company - 179 people)
However combat unit The infantry company consisted of only 164 people. The rest belonged to the company's rear services.

Thus, the Soviet rifle company outnumbered the German infantry company by 15 people (179-164).
At the battalion level, this excess was 15x3=45 people.
At the regimental level 45x3=135 people
At the divisional level there are 135x3=405 people.
405 people is almost 2.5 companies, that is, almost an infantry battalion.

The advantage in vehicles, carts and draft power at company level in a German infantry company was associated with the work of the rear services of the German company.
The combat unit of the company moved on foot in the same way as a Soviet rifle company.

Vehicles of the combat unit of the Soviet rifle company:
1. Riding horse - 1 pc.
2. Horse and cart - 3 pcs.
Only 4 horses per rifle company

Vehicles of a combat unit of a German infantry company:
1. Riding horse - 1 pc.
2. Bicycle - 3 pcs.
3. 4-horse heavy cart - 1 pc.
Only 4 horses per infantry company.

On the march, the German infantry company moved exclusively on foot, as did the soldiers of the Soviet rifle company.

Therefore, the German infantry company had no advantage in vehicles over the Soviet rifle company.

Drawing a general conclusion, we can conclude that in terms of the number of combat personnel, weapons and firepower, the Soviet rifle company was superior to the German infantry company, inferior to it only in the supply organization system.

This will be my first blog post. It’s not a full-fledged article in terms of the number of words and information, but it’s a very important note, which can be read in one breath and has almost more benefits than many of my articles. So, what is a squad, platoon, company and other concepts known to us from books and films? And how many people do they contain?

What is a platoon, company, battalion, etc.

• Branch
• Platoon
• Battalion
• Brigade
• Division
• Frame
• Army
• Front (district)

These are all tactical units in the branches and types of troops. I have arranged them in order from least number of people to most to make it easier for you to remember them. During my service, I most often met with everyone up to the regiment.

From the brigade and above (in number of people) during the 11 months of service, we didn’t even say. Perhaps this is due to the fact that I do not serve in a military unit, but in an educational institution.

How many people do they include?

Department. Numbers from 5 to 10 people. The squad is commanded by the squad leader. A squad leader is a sergeant's position, so commode (short for squad leader) is often a junior sergeant or sergeant.

Platoon. A platoon includes from 3 to 6 sections, that is, it can reach from 15 to 60 people. The platoon commander is in charge of the platoon. This is already an officer position. It is occupied by a minimum of a lieutenant and a maximum of a captain.

Company. A company includes from 3 to 6 platoons, that is, it can consist of from 45 to 360 people. The company is commanded by the company commander. This is a major position. In fact, the commander is a senior lieutenant or captain (in the army, a company commander is affectionately and abbreviated as a company commander).

Battalion. This is either 3 or 4 companies + headquarters and individual specialists (gunsmith, signalman, snipers, etc.), a mortar platoon (not always), sometimes air defense and tank destroyers (hereinafter referred to as PTB). The battalion includes from 145 to 500 people. The commander of the battalion (abbreviated as battalion commander) commands.

This is the position of lieutenant colonel. But in our country, both captains and majors command, who in the future can become lieutenant colonels, provided they retain this position.

Regiment. From 3 to 6 battalions, that is, from 500 to 2500+ people + headquarters + regimental artillery + air defense + fire-fighting tanks. The regiment is commanded by a colonel. But maybe also a lieutenant colonel.

Brigade. A brigade is several battalions, sometimes 2 or even 3 regiments. The brigade usually has from 1,000 to 4,000 people. It is commanded by a colonel. The abbreviated title for the position of brigade commander is brigade commander.

Division. These are several regiments, including artillery and, possibly, tank + rear service + sometimes aviation. Commanded by a colonel or major general. The number of divisions varies. From 4,500 to 22,000 people.

Frame. These are several divisions. That is, in the region of 100,000 people. The corps is commanded by a major general.

Army. From two to ten divisions of different types of troops + rear units + repair shops and so on. The number can be very different. On average from 200,000 to 1,000,000 people and above. The army is commanded by a major general or lieutenant general.

Front. In peacetime - a military district. Exact numbers It’s already difficult to name here. They vary by region, military doctrine, political environment and the like.

The front is already a self-sufficient structure with reserves, warehouses, training units, military schools and so on. The front commander commands the front. This is a lieutenant general or army general.

The composition of the front depends on the assigned tasks and the situation. Typically the front includes:

• control;
• missile army (one - two);
• army (five - six);
• tank army (one - two);
• air army (one - two);
• air defense army;
• separate formations and units of various types of troops and special troops front-line subordination;
• formations, units and establishments of operational logistics.

The front can be reinforced by formations and units of other types Armed Forces and the reserve of the Supreme High Command.

What other similar tactical terms exist?

Subdivision. This word refers to all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word “unit”. The word comes from the concept of division, to divide. That is, the part is divided into divisions.

Part. This is the main unit of the Armed Forces. The term “unit” most often means regiment and brigade. The external features of the unit are: the presence of its own office work, military economy, bank account, postal and telegraph address, its own official seal, the commander’s right to give written orders, open (44 tank training division) and closed (military unit 08728) combined arms numbers. That is, the part has sufficient autonomy.

IMPORTANT! Please note that the terms military unit and military unit do not mean exactly the same thing. The term “military unit” is used as a general designation, without specifics. If we are talking about a specific regiment, brigade, etc., then the term “military unit” is used. Usually its number is also mentioned: “military unit 74292” (but you cannot use “military unit 74292”) or, for short, military unit 74292.

Compound. As a standard, only a division fits this term. The word “connection” itself means to connect parts. The division headquarters has the status of a unit. Other units (regiments) are subordinate to this unit (headquarters). All together there is a division. However, in some cases, a brigade may also have the status of a connection. This happens if the brigade includes separate battalions and companies, each of which has the status of a unit in itself.

An association. This term combines corps, army, army group and front (district). The headquarters of the association is also the part to which various formations and units are subordinated.

Bottom line

Other specific and grouping concepts in military hierarchy does not exist. At least in the Ground Forces. In this article we did not touch on the hierarchy military formations aviation and navy. However, the attentive reader can now imagine the naval and aviation hierarchy quite simply and with minor errors.

Now it will be easier for us to dialogue, friends! After all, every day we are getting closer to speaking the same language. You are learning more and more military terms and meanings, and I am getting closer and closer to civilian life!))

I wish everyone to find in this article what they were looking for,