Checking the availability of personnel, their readiness to conduct public and state training.
During the main part, I bring to the attention of the personnel the main issues of public and state training.
1 question The history of the creation and development of the Strategic Missile Forces.
The Strategic Missile Forces were not created from scratch. Their foundation was laid back in the postwar years, when, in order to eliminate the atomic monopoly and the geographical inaccessibility of the United States, the Soviet Union was forced to speed up the creation of its own nuclear and missile weapons.
Without the military experience of economic mobilization, the experience of radical restructuring of entire sectors of the national economy, up to the capital construction of many large-scale facilities, it is difficult to imagine how long the process of creating nuclear missile weapons and mass equipping the Armed Forces with them would be. It can be said with confidence that Russian rocket science achieved its post-war rise largely due to the correct generalization and skillful use of the experience of the Great Patriotic War.
The memory of our country's heavy losses in the Great Patriotic War, incurred due to the unpreparedness of the Armed Forces for it, put forward the priority task, supported by all the people, of creating nuclear missile weapons. Only this ensured the defense of the country at a level that excluded the possibility of unleashing a new war against us.
Exactly one year after the Great Victory, in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated May 13, 1946 No. 1017-419 “Issues of jet weapons”, cooperation between the leading ministries of industry was determined, research and experimental work began, and a Special Committee on jet technology was created under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In the most short time the construction of test sites, the deployment of universities and research institutes began, tasks were defined for ministries and departments, the first missile unit was formed under the command of Major General Alexander Fedorovich Tveretsky.
(slide number 3)
Outstanding scientific and theoretical achievements of domestic scientists and designers were the development and successful testing in 1949 of a nuclear charge, and in 1957 - the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. These achievements were the result of the hard work of teams headed by Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, Yuli Borisovich Khariton, Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel and other founders of the creation of domestic nuclear missile weapons.
Already in the 40-50s of the last century, the foundations were laid for solving scientific problems in the field of missile ballistics, improving nuclear charges, fuels and materials, control systems, and principles for operating weapons. This stage played a crucial role in the history of the development of the Strategic Missile Forces. He prepared the basis for their creation as an independent branch of the Armed Forces.
The historical regularity of the development of the country's nuclear forces led in 1959 to the need to structurally formalize their main component - ground-based forces - into an independent branch of the Armed Forces. From this moment Rocket troops strategic purpose have gone through several stages of their development.
The formation of the Strategic Missile Forces
Stage 1959-1965 characterized by the formation of the Strategic Missile Forces as a branch of the Armed Forces. At that time, a large-scale deployment of missile units and formations equipped with medium-range missiles and intercontinental missiles was carried out, capable of solving strategic tasks in remote geographical areas and in any theater of military operations.
Hero was appointed as the first Commander-in-Chief of the Rocket Forces Soviet Union Chief Marshal of Artillery Mitrofan Ivanovich Nedelin. Having vast experience in wars, having passed all command positions up to the Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR for special weapons and jet technology, he made a great contribution to the creation of the Strategic Missile Forces, the development, testing and adoption of nuclear missile weapons.
(slide number 4)
During the next such test of a new intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) R-16, which exploded at the launch site of the Baikonur Cosmodrome on October 24, 1960, Chief Marshal of Artillery M.I. Nedelin died tragically.
By the mid-1960s, a network of military educational institutions for the training of missile officers was created, the training of personnel of units and subunits was organized, systems of combat duty, centralized combat command and control of troops and weapons were developed and implemented.
During the formation of the Rocket Forces, well-trained generals and officers with rich combat and life experience were sent to them. It was the veterans of the Great Patriotic War who stood at the origins of the creation of the Strategic Missile Forces. Their front-line experience made it possible in a short time to create the fundamental basis of a new, most powerful and formidable branch of the Armed Forces in modern history. The main headquarters of the Strategic Missile Forces, missile armies and corps were headed by generals who went through the Great Patriotic War, the vast majority of commanders of missile divisions, brigades, regiments and divisions, unit commanders special forces were also participants in the Great Patriotic War. A particularly difficult role in the development of nuclear missile weapons, the creation of unique launch complexes, the equipping of troops and putting them on combat duty fell to the heads of missile ranges and division commanders of the first generation.
The first missile units were formed on the basis of the famous units and formations of the Soviet Army, which had front-line experience. About 70 missile formations and units inherited battle flags, honorary titles and high state awards that marked the heroism and valor of Soviet soldiers in the battles of the Great Patriotic War. 39 missile formations and units received the names of guards by succession. Among them: the Berislav-Khingan Guards twice Red Banner Order of Suvorov Missile Army in Omsk, the Gomel Guards Order of Lenin, the Red Banner Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky Missile Division in Gvardeysk, Kaliningrad Region, the Svir Guards Red Banner Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky Missile Division in Postavy , Guards Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky Missile Division in Barnaul and many others.
As a result of the hard work of rocket scientists, industry and military builders, by 1965, groups armed with R-5, R-12, R-14 medium-range missiles and R-7, R-16, R-9A intercontinental missiles were put on combat duty. with ground and mine launchers developed in the design bureaus of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev and Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel. Design bureaus headed by Valentin Petrovich Glushko, Vladimir Pavlovich Barmin, Viktor Ivanovich Kuznetsov, Semyon Arievich Kosberg, Evgeny Georgievich Rudyak, Boris Mikhailovich Konoplev and Vladimir Grigorievich Sergeev were involved in the development of rocket engines and systems, as well as ground and mine launch positions.
(slide number 5)
The Strategic Rocket Forces became the cradle of Russian cosmonautics. Based on the R-7 and R-7A rockets, the best spacecraft launch vehicles for their time were created. On October 4, 1957, the whole world witnessed the successful launch in the Soviet Union of the world's first artificial Earth satellite. Rocketry has become an independent branch of industry.
The USSR, catching up with the United States in atomic weapons, nevertheless, was the first to create and test a hydrogen bomb, the first to create intercontinental ballistic missiles, Earth satellites, long-term orbital stations and much more.
The formation of a new type of Armed Forces continued under the leadership of the famous military leaders of the Great Patriotic War - the Marshals of the Soviet Union: twice Hero of the Soviet Union Kirill Semenovich Moskalenko, Hero of the Soviet Union Sergei Semenovich Biryuzov,
(slide number 6)
In 1962, just 2.5 years after the formation of the Rocket Forces, it fell to their lot to solve the difficult and responsible task of preventing the American invasion of Cuba. The main contribution to the resolution of the Caribbean crisis was made by the Strategic Missile Forces and rocket men - participants in the Anadyr operation. The command of the Grouping of Soviet Forces in Cuba from the Strategic Missile Forces included Lieutenant General Pavel Borisovich Dankevich, Pavel Vasilyevich Akindinov, Major General Leonid Stefanovich Garbuz. The direct command of the Strategic Missile Forces formation in Cuba was carried out by Major General Igor Demyanovich Statsenko.
(slide number 7)
The Caribbean crisis was the most dangerous in all the years of the Cold War. There was a real possibility of it developing into a major war, up to a nuclear one. Fortunately, both sides had the sense to prevent a nuclear catastrophe. This was the first peaceful victory of the new, recently created branch of the Armed Forces, the first experience of nuclear deterrence from unleashing a war, which confirmed the correctness of the decisions taken to create the Rocket Forces.
Achieving parity between the USSR and the USA
In the 1960s, the United States made a new breakthrough in building up its strategic offensive forces through the large-scale deployment of Minuteman intercontinental ballistic missiles, bringing their number to 1,000 units. At that time, the Soviet Union was more than five times inferior to the United States in terms of the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles.
There was a need to create new types of missiles with improved performance. And such missiles with single launches (OS) of the R-36, UR-100, RT-2 types were created in design bureaus headed by Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel, Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomey, Sergey Pavlovich Korolev. These second-generation missiles were distinguished by high combat readiness, accuracy of hitting the target, survivability, reduction in the number of personnel and were practically not inferior in terms of the main tactical and technical characteristics of the Minuteman missiles.
The deployment of a large group of missile systems (RK) of the OS required the formation and arrangement in a short time of new missile formations in the uninhabited regions of the Urals, Siberia and Kazakhstan, the rearmament, and then the complete re-equipment of divisions previously put on combat duty. This major task was solved by the Rocket Forces under the leadership of Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union Nikolai Ivanovich Krylov.
(slide number 8)
The following official comparative data eloquently testify to the enormous amount of work, the expenditure of material, financial and human resources only in the first two years of building missile systems with UR-100 and R-36 missiles. The cost of building launch sites for these missiles was commensurate with the cost of building the Kuibyshev and Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power plants combined.
At the cost of the enormous efforts of the entire country, in the early 1970s, a powerful grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces was deployed, which was not inferior in terms of numbers and combat characteristics to the US intercontinental ballistic missiles. Strategic Missile Forces became the main integral part Strategic nuclear forces of the country. For the first time in many years, it was possible to achieve an approximate military-strategic parity between the USSR and the USA, which has been maintained to this day.
(slide number 9)
In the 1970s, the United States made an attempt to upset the existing balance of strategic forces. They equipped their missiles with MIRVs, which more than doubled the total number of warheads on American ballistic missiles between 1970 and 1975.
In response to this, on our part, new third-generation missile systems with UR-100N and R-36M missiles were created and deployed. They were developed in the design bureaus of Vladimir Nikolaevich Chelo-mey and Vladimir Fedorovich Utkin. A fundamentally new development was the mobile missile system medium-range RSD-10, created under the leadership of Alexander Davidovich Nadiradze.
A special role in the successful solution of the tasks of re-equipping the Strategic Missile Forces with new missile systems belonged to the Hero of Socialist Labor, Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces, Chief Marshal of Artillery Vladimir Fedorovich Tolubko. Under his leadership, scientifically based principles for the combat use of missile formations and units in the operation of the Strategic Missile Forces were developed.
The grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces, deployed by the mid-1970s, was not inferior in terms of numbers and combat characteristics to the US strategic offensive forces. Largely due to the capabilities of the Strategic Missile Forces, for the first time in many years, it was possible to achieve military-strategic parity between the USSR and the USA, which has been maintained to this day. A negotiation process was initiated on the issues of limitation and reduction of strategic arms.
In the early 1980s, the United States once again increased its nuclear potential. This time through the deployment of new ground-based MX and sea-based Trident missile systems. These missile systems are significantly superior in combat effectiveness to the Minuteman-3 and Poseidon-C3 missiles. In addition, the "strategic defense initiative" proclaimed by US President Ronald Reagan is becoming the strongest destabilizing factor. It envisaged not only the deployment of anti-missile and anti-satellite weapons in space, but also platforms with nuclear weapons.
And again, retaliatory measures had to be taken. Fourth-generation mobile and stationary missile systems with R-36M2 "Voevoda" and "Topol" missiles are being introduced into the combat strength of the Strategic Missile Forces. Mobile ground missile system "Topol", created in the design bureau under the leadership of A.D. Nadiradze and B.N. Lagutin, as well as the combat railway missile system and the "heavy" missile "Voevoda", created in the design bureau headed by V.F. Utkin, had no analogues in the world practice of rocket science.
During this period, the Rocket Forces were headed by the Hero of the Soviet Union, General of the Army Yuri Pavlovich Maksimov, a participant in the Great Patriotic War and military operations in Afghanistan. He made a great contribution to the development of a group of mobile missile systems, the development of principles for their combat use, as well as to maintaining the combat readiness of the Strategic Missile Forces in the context of the implementation of the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles.
The introduction of fourth-generation missile systems into the Strategic Missile Forces was associated with the solution of a number of non-traditional tasks, such as the development of principles for the combat use of new mobile railway and ground combat missile systems, the arrangement of combat patrol routes, the organization of combat control and combat duty on the move and at field launch positions.
The achieved balance of nuclear forces, technological and scientific parity in rocket science, changes in the military-political situation in the late 1980s and early 1990s made it possible to rethink and evaluate the futility of the arms race, to go for mutual reductions in nuclear weapons. This was a historical milestone in the social development of the 20th century, and the role of the Strategic Missile Forces in achieving it is paramount.
(slide number 10)
Strategic Missile Forces – guaranteesecurity of the Fatherland
In 1992, an important event took place in the life of the Armed Forces and the Strategic Missile Forces - the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were formed and, as part of them, the Strategic Missile Forces. Their first commander-in-chief was Colonel-General Sergeev Igor Dmitrievich, a professional rocket scientist who later became the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Hero of the Russian Federation and its first marshal.
During this period, the process of eliminating nuclear missile weapons in the territories of Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan took place, which ended in 1996. But the main thing is that work was launched on the creation of the Topol-M missile system with the participation of exclusively Russian cooperation. The preservation of the nuclear potential of the Strategic Missile Forces allowed Russia, as the legal successor of the USSR, to secure the status of a nuclear power, thereby ensuring, without any exaggeration, both European and global stability in the world.
Important events in the history of modern Russian Strategic Missile Forces took place in 1997. Then, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Strategic Missile Forces, the Military Space Forces and the troops of the Rocket and Space Defense were merged into a single branch of the Armed Forces. At this stage, Colonel General Vladimir Nikolaevich Yakovlev headed the leadership of the renewed Rocket Forces. The reorganization carried out made it possible to reduce the number of troops by integrating or eliminating parallel, duplicating structures in command and control bodies, units and institutions, including in the network of military educational institutions and research organizations. In addition, due to the unification, the need for resources, the range of weapons and military equipment was reduced. It is also important that a decision was made on a phased transition to one type of weaponry - the Topol-M fixed and mobile missile system with a single missile. On December 30, 1998, the first missile regiment of this stationary-based missile system took up combat duty in the Tatishchevskaya Missile Division.
On June 1, 2001, the Strategic Missile Forces were transformed from a branch of the Armed Forces into two independent, but closely interacting types of troops of central subordination: the Strategic Missile Forces and the Space Forces. From that time until 2009, the Strategic Missile Forces were headed by Colonel General Nikolai Evgenievich Solovtsov. He made a significant contribution to the preservation of the missile group, the structure and composition of the Strategic Missile Forces, which ensure nuclear deterrence. Under his leadership, during these years, the Strategic Missile Forces, taking into account the contractual obligations between Russia and the United States, have consistently carried out a number of measures aimed at modernizing and optimizing the combat composition of the missile group while simultaneously carrying out structural transformations of the troops.
(slide number 11)
During this period, large-scale measures were taken to improve the missile group: combat railway complexes and missile regiments that had exhausted their operational resource, armed with R-36M UTTKh missiles, were withdrawn from service, and the re-equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces with new missile systems continues.
In 2009-2010, the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces was Lieutenant General A.A. Shvaichenko.
In 2010, Colonel General Sergey Viktorovich Karakaev was appointed commander of the Strategic Missile Forces.
By 2013, the Strategic Missile Forces have 12 missile divisions of permanent readiness, armed with 378 launchers with intercontinental ballistic missiles.
(slide number 12)
At present, the Strategic Rocket Forces is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, designed to deter aggression against the Russian Federation and its allies, and during the war - to destroy (destroy) objects of the enemy’s military and economic potential by delivering nuclear missile strikes.
At present, the Strategic Rocket Forces play a significant role in ensuring the security of the Russian Federation. Their combat composition includes approximately two-thirds of the strategic delivery vehicles and more than half of the warheads of Russia's Strategic Nuclear Forces.
The number of the Rocket Forces is about 47 thousand military personnel, which is about 5% of the total number of the Armed Forces, and 14.6 thousand civilian personnel. The cost of maintaining the Strategic Missile Forces is about 4% of the cost of maintaining the Russian Armed Forces.
The leading role of the Strategic Missile Forces in the nuclear triad is determined not only by quantitative indicators, but also by qualitative characteristics, such as high operational readiness, stability of combat control, survivability of objects, and a number of others.
In accordance with the decisions taken at the level of the President of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense, the Rocket Forces will continue their development as an independent branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the existing combat composition. When implementing long-term development plans, the Rocket Forces plan to have the required number of launchers, limited by the START Treaty, which establishes quantitative limits for the parties' strategic offensive weapons, and consistent with the country's economic capabilities and expected changes in the military-strategic situation.
(slide number 13)
Everything necessary has been created in the Strategic Missile Forces to carry out deterrence tasks (slide No. 4): the structure of military command and control bodies, reliable systems for combat duty and the operation of missile weapons that ensure the maintenance of high combat readiness of a group of missile systems, a system for combat command and control of troops and weapons, which allows you to guaranteedly bring combat orders to missile weapons.
The headquarters of the Strategic Missile Forces is located in the ZATO Vlasikha, 3 km from the city of Odintsovo, Moscow Region. The grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces consists of 3 missile armies with headquarters located in the cities of Vladimir, Orenburg and Omsk, which include 12 missile divisions of constant readiness. Including 4 stationary-based missile divisions with silo launchers (in Kozelsk, Tatishchevo, Dombarovsky and Uzhur) and 8 mobile-based missile divisions with mobile ground-based missile systems (in Vypolzovo, Teikovo, Yury, Yoshkar-Ola, Nizhny Tagil, Novosibirsk, Barnaul and Irkutsk).
In addition to the missile armies and divisions, the Strategic Missile Forces include the 4th State Central Interservice Range (Kapustin-Yar), on the basis of which weapons are tested not only for the Strategic Missile Forces, but also for air defense of all types, missile forces and artillery of the Ground Forces.
The RVSN also includes the 10th Sary-Shagan test site, which is located on the territory of Kazakhstan. A unique base has been deployed at the training ground for testing complexes and means of anti-missile defense: both strike and information-reconnaissance.
In addition, the Strategic Missile Forces have arsenals and training centers for junior specialists. Since 2013, the 4th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense and the Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces named after I.I. Peter the Great with a branch in Serpukhov.
(slide number 14)
Speaking about the current composition of the weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces, it can be recalled that in the entire history of the Rocket Forces, 28 types of various missile systems have changed in the composition of their weapons. In the period 1979-1982, the combat strength of the Strategic Missile Forces included the maximum number of missile systems simultaneously on combat duty of the Strategic Missile Forces - 12 types (4 missile systems with medium-range missiles and 8 missile systems with intercontinental ballistic missiles).
The Strategic Missile Forces are armed with 6 types of stationary and mobile-based missile systems, which make it possible to solve multifaceted tasks of nuclear deterrence.
(slide number 15)
Among them are three types of stationary (mine-based) missile systems. 52 R-36M2 missiles in the Dombarovskaya and Uzhurskaya missile divisions, 68 UR-100N UTTKh ICBMs in the Kozelskaya and Tatishchevskaya missile divisions, and 60 Topol-M ICBMs in the Tatishchevskaya missile division.
The Strategic Missile Forces have three types of mobile ground-based missile systems. PGRK "Topol" with 162 ICBM RT-2PM in Vypolzovo, Yoshkar-Ola, Irkutsk, Barnaul, Novosibirsk and Nizhny Tagil. 18 ICBMs each of the fifth-generation Topol-M PGRK with a monoblock ICBM and the Yars PGRK and with a missile equipped with MIRVs are deployed in the Teykovskaya Missile Division.
The missile system with the PC-18 missile with a flight range of 10,000 kilometers is designed to destroy all types of strategic targets, under any conditions of combat use, including with multiple enemy nuclear impact on the positional area. The missile is equipped with a multiple reentry vehicle with targeted breeding of warheads at individual targets, tens and hundreds of kilometers apart from each other.
The Voevoda missile system with the RS-20V missile with a flight range of more than 11,000 kilometers is designed to destroy all types of strategic targets protected by modern anti-missile defense systems in any conditions of combat use, incl. with repeated nuclear impact of the enemy but a positional area). The RS-20V missile belongs to the fourth generation of strategic missiles and is currently the most powerful intercontinental ballistic missile in the world with a launch weight of 211 tons and a payload of more than 8 tons.
The Topol mobile ground-based missile system with the RS-12M missile with a flight range of more than 10,000 kilometers is designed to destroy all types of strategic targets, in any conditions of combat use. The RS-12M missile belongs to the fourth generation of strategic missiles.
The Topol-M missile system with the RS-12M2 missile with a flight range of more than 11 thousand kilometers was developed in two basing options: the first option is the RS-12M2 missile in a highly protected silo launcher as part of the Topol-M missile system, the second option is RS-12M2 missile on a self-propelled launcher as part of the Topol-M mobile ground-based missile system. The missile belongs to the fifth generation of strategic missiles and has increased protection against the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion, a powerful system for overcoming enemy missile defense, as well as increased efficiency of use against planned and unplanned targets. In the silo version, the missile is installed in modified silo launchers from PC-18 missiles.
The Yare missile system with the RS-24 missile with a flight range of more than 11,000 kilometers was also developed in two basing options: silo and mobile. Among the main tactical and technical characteristics of the RK "Yars" should be attributed such as one hundred intercontinental range, equipping with a multiple warhead with maneuvering units for individual targeting, the highest maneuverability (for the mobile version) and, as a result, increased survivability.
I should note that now more than 70% of the missile systems on combat duty are beyond the warranty period. However, despite this, the required indicators of their reliability and technical readiness, determined by the President of Russia, have been preserved thanks to the measures taken, and at least 94% of the missile systems are daily ready to launch missiles immediately.
The plans of the Rocket Forces to extend the service life of missile systems to the maximum possible period are based on their high technical excellence, incorporated in the design and technological solutions during their creation, ensured by high quality in production and are implemented through the existing system of operation. The rational organization of combat duty systems and the operation of missile weapons, debugged over the years of the existence of the Strategic Missile Forces, made it possible to maintain the required indicators of reliability and maintain the technical readiness of the Strategic Missile Forces missile systems.
The ongoing set of works to extend the service life of ICBMs on combat duty by two or more times makes it possible to modernize the missile group as planned.
(slide number 16)
Of fundamental importance is the issue of extending the service life of stationary (mine)-based missile systems, which form the basis of the Strategic Missile Forces grouping. First of all, this applies to the missile system with the most powerful "heavy" missile of the strategic nuclear forces R-36M2 "Voevoda". To date, the missile system with this missile has exceeded the warranty period of operation by one and a half times, having stood on combat duty for 24 years. Together with industrial organizations, work is underway to extend the service life of this missile to 30 years, which will keep this complex in the combat composition of the Strategic Missile Forces until 2022.
Missile system with intercontinental ballistic missile
The UR-100N UTTKh is one of the most reliable missile systems in the practice of combat rocketry; it has been on combat duty for 32 years, having exceeded the warranty period of operation by more than three times. It is planned to further extend its service life to 33-35 years, which will make it possible to keep it in the combat composition of the Strategic Missile Forces until 2017.
The "youngest" among the stationary missile systems - "Topol-M", was put on combat duty in 1998. It is planned that this complex will be part of the Strategic Missile Forces for at least 20 years - until 2019.
The Topol mobile ground-based missile system, the oldest mobile ground-based strategic missile system in Russia, has been on combat duty of the Strategic Missile Forces since 1988 and now forms the basis of the mobile grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces. The extensive work to extend the service life of this missile system to 25 years will make it possible to keep missile regiments with self-propelled launchers of this type on combat duty until 2019, before they are re-equipped with the new Yars mobile ground-based missile system.
The fifth-generation Topol-M and Yars missile systems will be part of the Strategic Missile Forces for at least 20 years, until 2026 and 2029, respectively.
The plans for the development of the Strategic Missile Forces grouping for the next decade involve its renewal through the introduction of promising mobile and stationary missile systems. The grouping of strike assets will remain, as now, two-component - with the preservation of stationary missile systems that are ready for immediate use, and mobile systems with high survivability.
Work on re-equipping a stationary group with a new silo-based missile launcher "Yars" has been deployed in the Kozelsk Missile Division. In 2013, the rearmament of the 74th missile regiment of this division began. Further, in the period from 2015 to 2017, it is planned to re-equip two more missile regiments with this missile system.
Work is underway to create a 15P171 missile system with a missile having new type combat equipment, in order to start re-equipping the Dombarovsk missile division with this complex at the turn of 2015.
As for the PGRK grouping, since 2012, the Novosibirsk Missile Division began putting the Yars PGRK with a multiple-warhead missile on combat duty. Since 2013, the rearmament of the Nizhny Tagil Missile Division has begun. In the future, it is planned to re-equip five more missile divisions: - Yoshkar-Ola and Irkutsk from 2015 and from 2017 - Vypolzovskaya, Yuryanskaya and Barnaul missile divisions.
As for a more distant prospect - the turn of 2018-2020, it can be said with confidence that the existing scientific, technical and design groundwork, which is the basis for the creation and development of nuclear missile weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces, will continue to continue with minimal costs and feasibility risks respond flexibly to emerging challenges and threats to Russia's security. At the turn of 2018-2020, to get into service qualitatively new missile systems with combat equipment that can overcome any missile defense system that can be created by that time. And, what is very important, by that time, opportunities will be created for a certain increase in the composition of the strike group in case of force majeure.
It should be noted that a decision has already been made to conduct research and development work to create a new Sarmat silo-based missile system with a liquid-propellant “heavy” missile, which will have increased capabilities to overcome the promising US missile defense system and will replace the famous Voevoda.
As part of the State Armaments Program, work has also begun on the creation of the Barguzin combat railway missile system, which will appear at the turn of 2018-2019 and will not be inferior to its predecessor BZHRK Molodets in terms of its characteristics, and in some ways even surpass them.
The share of new missile systems in the grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces will constantly increase. It is planned that by 2016 new missile systems will make up about 60 percent of the strike force, and by 2021 - 98 percent. At the same time, there will be a qualitative improvement in the systems of combat command and control of troops and weapons, combat equipment, primarily in terms of building up the capabilities of missile systems to overcome anti-missile defense.
Measures will also be implemented to increase the survivability of the mobile grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces, while the key role and importance of the Strategic Missile Forces grouping as part of the Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces will continue and ensure the guaranteed fulfillment of the task of strategic deterrence in the long term.
The leading role of the Strategic Missile Forces in the domestic strategic nuclear triad is determined not only by a significant number of missiles and warheads, but also by qualitative characteristics, such as high operational readiness, stability of combat control, survivability of facilities, and many others. The strike force of the Strategic Missile Forces, in any scenario, will have the necessary number of deployed warheads and their tactical and technical characteristics that will make it possible to depreciate the combat capabilities of the missile defense systems being created to the maximum and ensure that they complete the assigned tasks.
In addition to the above measures, the State Armaments Program has planned R&D for the development of the combat control and communications system of the Strategic Missile Forces. Within their framework, it is planned to carry out activities to modernize existing and commission new control points, equipping them with new models of combat control and communications, the use of new modern information and telecommunication technologies.
Planned for the near future:
completion of work on commissioning the Strategic Nuclear Forces Combat Control Center. Organization of work on its further modernization;
creation of new stationary and mobile command posts of missile armies, divisions and missile regiments;
modernization of the Central Command Post of the Strategic Missile Forces and its highly protected element;
preservation of elements of the backup path of the combat control system.
All this, as before, will not only ensure the guaranteed delivery of orders to strategic weapons, but will also expand the capabilities of the command and control system by introducing new information paths and control complexes for the daily activities of troops into its composition.
The Strategic Missile Forces are armed with a significant set of tools for an adequate response to various options for attempts to reduce the effectiveness of our nuclear missile weapons. This is ensured both by increasing the survivability of missile systems under attack by any means, including nuclear ones, and by increasing their ability to inflict unacceptable damage on an aggressor, including in the face of anti-missile defense countermeasures.
One of the most effective ways to increase survivability is the use of mobile ground-based missile systems. The newest Russian PGRK was the Yars complex with the RS-24 ICBM, which has the ability to quickly exit the point of permanent deployment and covert dispersal over large areas. This PGRK gives stability to the group in response and serves as real evidence of Russia's priority in the nuclear missile field. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the Strategic Missile Forces today provides a guaranteed nuclear deterrence together with other components of the Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces
The expected composition and deployment of the grouping will have the form presented on.
The structure of the prospective missile group of the Strategic Missile Forces will, as now, be two-component, with the preservation of stationary missiles with high combat readiness for immediate use, and mobile missiles of high survivability. This approach will ensure an adequate response to emerging and predicted threats with minimal costs and feasibility risks. The Strategic Missile Forces will include 3 missile armies, 13 missile divisions, which will be armed with about 400 launchers.
In general, despite the existing difficulties of the reform period associated with the optimization of the structure and composition, the Strategic Missile Forces maintain the established combat and mobilization readiness, controllability and combat capability. At the same time, they will have a balanced structure, and they will always be armed with the optimal number of strategic missiles and warheads designed to solve diverse tasks of nuclear deterrence and ensure Russia's security.
Over the past 54 years, more than 12 million people have served in the Strategic Missile Forces, and several generations of rocket men have been raised. The Strategic Rocket Forces are proud that six twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, 94 Heroes of the Soviet Union, six Heroes of the Russian Federation, 35 Heroes of Socialist Labor served in their ranks. Among the rocket soldiers there are 52 laureates of the Lenin Prize, 226 laureates of the State Prize of the USSR and 22 laureates of the State Prizes of the Russian Federation.
Over the entire existence of the Strategic Missile Forces, 23 different types of missile systems have been developed and put on combat duty, including 18 with MKR and 5 with RS D.
In certain periods 1970 - 1980s up to 12 types of missile systems were in service with the Strategic Missile Forces at the same time, and up to five types of missile systems were under development.
Since the appearance of rocket weapons in the USSR (1947) to the present time, the Strategic Missile Forces have conducted more than 5,000 missile launches, including about 500 combat training ones in the course of operational and combat training of troops.
Next year, 2014, the Strategic Missile Forces are preparing to celebrate their 55th anniversary. Over the years, several generations of missilemen have served in the army, giving her their knowledge, strength, and health.
The entire history of the creation, formation and development of the Strategic Missile Forces was subordinated to the highest goal - the preservation of peace. This goal was achieved by the enormous work of hundreds of thousands of designers of rocket and space technology, engineers, defense workers industries, rocket warriors. Thanks to them, the modern Strategic Missile Forces continue to make a worthy and significant contribution to the guaranteed security of our state.
2. question. The tasks of the military personnel for a worthy meeting of the 55th anniversary of the Strategic Missile Forces.
Improving the quality indicators of combat duty, the training of personnel on duty shifts in the performance of tasks for their intended purpose.
Ensuring trouble-free operation of weapons and military equipment.
Competent and timely commissioning of new models of weapons and military equipment.
Increasing the personal responsibility of commanders and chiefs for ensuring military discipline in subordinate military units and subunits.
Detailed definition of the functional responsibilities of each serviceman.
Eliminate cases of death of military personnel, minimize injuries in the course of carrying out activities of daily activities and during off-duty hours, ensure safe living and service conditions for military personnel for the entire period of training.
Reduce the number of offenses related to corruption, drugs, alcohol abuse, hazing.
A worthy meeting of the 55th anniversary of the Strategic Missile Forces is a gift to veterans who created the most formidable branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Magnitogorsk Medical College named after P.F. Nadezhdina.
abstract
in disaster medicine and life safety.
Topic:
"Strategic Rocket Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"
Checked by: Burdina I.P.
Completed by: Murzabaeva Zh.
Magnitogorsk 2010.
Introduction ................................................ ................................................. ...............2p.
Emblems ................................................. ................................................. ...............4p.
History reference................................................ ...............................................5p.
Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces .................................. 11str.
The structure of the missile forces .............................................................. ................................................13p.
Armament of missile troops .................................................................. .................................16p.
Tasks of the Missile Forces .............................................................. .................................................18p.
Literature................................................. ................................................. ...........19p.
INTRODUCTION
The Armed Forces are an inalienable attribute of statehood. They are a state military organization that forms the basis of the country's defense and is designed to repel aggression and defeat the aggressor, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with Russia's international obligations.
The Armed Forces of Russia were created by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on May 7, 1992. They form the basis of the defense of the state.
In addition, the following are involved in the defense:
Border Troops of the Russian Federation,
· Internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation,
Railway troops of the Russian Federation,
Troops of the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation,
The Civil Defense Troops.
Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN) - branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the main component of its strategic nuclear forces. Designed for nuclear deterrence of possible aggression and destruction as part of strategic nuclear forces or independently massed, group or single nuclear missile strikes of strategic objects located in one or more strategic aerospace directions and forming the basis of the military and military-economic potential of the enemy.
Modern Strategic Missile Forces are the main component of all our strategic nuclear forces.
The Strategic Missile Forces account for 60% of warheads. They are entrusted with 90% of the tasks of nuclear deterrence.
EMBLEMS:
Patch of the Rocket Forces
Emblem missile troops
Control missile troops and Artillery of the Armed Forces
History reference
The origin of the Strategic Missile Forces is associated with the development of domestic and foreign missile weapons, and then nuclear missile weapons, with the improvement of their combat use. In the history of the Rocket Forces:
1946 - 1959 - the creation of nuclear weapons and the first samples of guided ballistic missiles, the deployment of missile formations capable of solving operational tasks in front-line operations and strategic tasks in nearby theaters of military operations.
1959 - 1965 - the formation of the Strategic Missile Forces, the deployment and putting on combat duty of missile formations and parts of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and medium-range missiles (IRMs) capable of solving strategic tasks in military geographical regions and in any theater of operations. In 1962, the Strategic Missile Forces took part in Operation Anadyr, during which 42 RSD R-12s were secretly deployed in Cuba, and made a significant contribution to resolving the Caribbean crisis and preventing the American invasion of Cuba.
1965 - 1973 - deployment of a group of intercontinental ballistic missiles with single launches (OS) of the 2nd generation, equipped with monoblock warheads (warheads), the transformation of the Strategic Missile Forces into the main component of strategic nuclear forces, which made the main contribution to the achievement of military-strategic balance (parity) between the USSR and USA.
1973 - 1985 - equipping the Strategic Missile Forces with intercontinental ballistic missiles of the 3rd generation with separable warheads and means of overcoming anti-missile defense potential adversary and mobile missile systems (RK) with RSD.
1985 - 1992 - armament of the Strategic Missile Forces with intercontinental stationary and mobile missile systems of the 4th generation, liquidation in 1988-1991. medium range missiles.
Since 1992 - the formation of the Strategic Missile Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the elimination of missile systems of intercontinental ballistic missiles on the territory of Ukraine and Kazakhstan and the withdrawal of mobile missile systems "Topol" from Belarus to Russia, the re-equipment of obsolete types of missile systems in the Republic of Kazakhstan with unified monoblock ICBMs of stationary and mobile basing RS- 12M2 5th generation (RK "Topol-M").
The material basis for the creation of the Strategic Missile Forces was the deployment in the USSR of a new branch of the defense industry - rocket science. In accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 1017-419 of May 13, 1946 "Issues of jet weapons", cooperation between the leading ministries of industry was determined, research and experimental work was started, and a Special Committee on jet technology was created under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
The Ministry of the Armed Forces has formed: a special artillery unit for the development, preparation and launch of FAU-2 missiles, the Research Rocket Institute of the Main Artillery Directorate (GAU), the State Central Range of Rocket Equipment (the Kapustin Yar training ground), and the Department of Rocket Weapons in part of the GAU. The first missile formation armed with long-range ballistic missiles was the special-purpose brigade of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command - armored RVGK (commander - Major General of Artillery A.F. Tveretsky). In December 1950, the second special-purpose brigade was formed, in 1951-1955. - 5 more formations that received a new name (since 1953), - engineering brigades of the RVGK. Until 1955, they were armed with R-1 and R-2 ballistic missiles, with a range of 270 and 600 km, equipped with warheads with conventional explosives (general designer S.P. Korolev). By 1958, the personnel of the brigades conducted more than 150 combat training launches of missiles. In 1946 - 1954, the brigades were part of the RVGK artillery and were subordinate to the artillery commander of the Soviet Army. They were managed by a special department of the artillery headquarters of the Soviet Army. In March 1955, the post of Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR for special weapons and rocket technology was introduced (Marshal of Artillery M.I. Nedelin), under which the headquarters of rocket units was created.
The combat use of engineering brigades was determined by the order of the Supreme Command, the decision of which provided for the assignment of these formations to the fronts. The front commander carried out the leadership of the engineering brigades through the artillery commander.
On October 4, 1957, for the first time in world history, the first artificial satellite of the Earth was successfully launched from the Baikonur test site by the personnel of a separate engineering test unit using a combat missile R-7. Thanks to the efforts of Soviet rocket scientists, a new era in the history of mankind began - the era of practical astronautics.
In the second half of the 1950s. The R-5 and R-12 strategic RSDs equipped with nuclear warheads (general designers S.P. Korolev and M.K. Yangel) with a range of 1200 and 2000 km and R-7 and R-7A ICBMs (general designer S.P. Korolev). In 1958, the RVGK engineering brigades, armed with R-11 and R-11M operational-tactical missiles, were transferred to the Ground Forces. The first formation of ICBMs was an object with the code name "Angara" (commander - Colonel M.G. Grigoriev), which completed its formation at the end of 1958. In July 1959, the personnel of this formation carried out the first combat training launch of ICBMs in the USSR.
The need for centralized leadership of troops equipped with strategic missiles led to the organizational design of a new type of armed forces. In accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 1384-615 of 12/17/1959, the Strategic Missile Forces were created as an independent branch of the Armed Forces. According to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1239 of December 10, 1995, this day is celebrated as an annual holiday - the Day of the Strategic Missile Forces.
On December 31, 1959, the following were formed: the Main Headquarters of the Missile Forces, the Central Command Post with a communications center and a computer center, the Main Directorate of Missile Weapons, the Combat Training Directorate, and a number of other directorates and services. The Strategic Missile Forces included the 12th Main Directorate of the Ministry of Defense, which was in charge of nuclear weapons, engineering formations previously subordinate to the Deputy Minister of Defense for special weapons and jet equipment, missile regiments and directorates of three air divisions subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, missile arsenals, bases and warehouses of special weapons. The structure of the Strategic Missile Forces also included the 4th State Central Range of the Ministry of Defense ("Kapustin Yar"); 5th Research Test Site of the Moscow Region (Baikonur); a separate scientific and testing station in the village. Keys in Kamchatka; 4th Research Institute of the Moscow Region (Bolshevo, Moscow Region). In 1963, on the basis of the Angara facility, the 53rd research test site for rocket and space weapons of the Moscow Region (Plesetsk) was formed.
On June 22, 1960, the Military Council of the Strategic Missile Forces was created, which included M.I. Nedelin (chairman), V.A. Bolyatko, P.I. Efimov, M.A. Nikolsky, A.I. Semenov, V.F. Tolubko, F.P. Thin, M.I. Ponomarev.
In 1960, the Regulations on combat duty of units and subunits of the Strategic Missile Forces were put into effect. In order to centralize the combat control of the Rocket Forces with strategic weapons, bodies and control points at the strategic, operational and tactical levels were included in the structure of the command and control system, and automated systems communications and command and control of troops and combat means.
In 1960 - 1961 On the basis of two air armies of long-range aviation, two missile armies were formed (in the cities of Smolensk and Vinnitsa), which included RSD formations. Engineer brigades and regiments of the RVGK were reorganized into missile divisions and missile brigades of IRMs, and the directorates of training artillery ranges and ICBM brigades were reorganized into directorates of missile corps and divisions. The main combat unit in an RSD formation was a missile battalion, in an ICBM formation - a missile regiment. Until 1966, the R-16 and R-9A ICBMs were adopted (general designers M.K. Yangel and S.P. Korolev). Subdivisions and units armed with R-12U, R-14U missiles with grouped silo launchers (general designer M.K. Yangel) were formed in the RSD troops. The first missile formations and units were manned mainly by officers from the artillery and other branches of the Ground Forces, the Air Force and the Navy. Their retraining for missile specialties was carried out in the training centers of the ranges, at industrial enterprises and at courses at military educational institutions, and subsequently by instructor groups in military units.
In 1965 - 1973 The Strategic Missile Forces are equipped with RS-10, RS-12, R-36 OS RK, dispersed over a large area (general designers M.K. Yangel, V.N. Chelomey). In 1970, in order to improve the leadership of troops and increase the reliability of combat command and control, directorates of missile armies were created on the basis of the directorates of missile corps. Formations and units with single silo launchers were capable of inflicting a guaranteed retaliatory strike in any conditions of the beginning of the war. RK 2nd generation ensured remote launch of missiles in the shortest possible time, high accuracy of hitting the target and survivability of troops and weapons, improved operating conditions for missile weapons.
In 1973 - 1985 in the Strategic Missile Forces, the stationary RK RS-16, RS-20A, RS-20B and RS-18 (general designers V.F. Utkin and V.N. Chelomey) and the mobile ground-based RK RSD-10 (“Pioneer”) were put into service (gen. designer A.D. Nadiradze), equipped with multiple warheads for individual guidance (MIRV). Missiles and control points of stationary DBKs were located in structures of especially high security. The missiles use autonomous control systems with an on-board computer, which provide remote re-targeting of missiles before launch.
In 1985 - 1992 The Strategic Missile Forces were armed with rocket launchers with mine and rail-based RS-22 missiles (general designer V.F. Utkin) and modernized mine- and RS-12M ground-based RS-20V missiles (general designers V.F. Utkin and A.D. Nadiradze). These complexes have increased combat readiness, high survivability and resistance to damaging factors nuclear explosion, operational re-targeting and an increased autonomy period.
Since 1972, the quantitative and qualitative composition of carriers and nuclear warheads of the Strategic Missile Forces, as well as other components of the strategic nuclear forces, has been limited by the maximum levels established by the Treaties between the USSR (Russia) and the USA. In accordance with the Treaty between the USSR and the USA on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (1987), IRMs and launchers for them were eliminated, including 72 RSD-10 ("Pioneer") missiles - by launching from field combat starting positions in districts of Chita and Kansk.
In 1997, the Strategic Missile Forces, the Military Space Forces, the Rocket and Space Defense Forces of the Air Defense Forces of the RF Armed Forces were merged into a single service of the RF Armed Forces - the Strategic Missile Forces. Since June 2001, the Strategic Missile Forces have been transformed into two types of troops - the Strategic Rocket Forces and the Space Forces.
The priority areas for the further development of the Strategic Missile Forces are: maintaining the combat readiness of the existing grouping of troops, maximizing the service life of missile systems, completing the development and deployment at the required pace of modern stationary and mobile-based Topol-M missile systems, developing a combat command and control system for troops and weapons, creating scientific and technical groundwork for promising models of weapons and equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces.
Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces
Standard of the Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces 
destination
Lieutenant General Karakaev Sergey Viktorovich
In 1983 he graduated from the Rostov Higher Military Command and Engineering School, in 1994 - the command faculty of the Military Academy. F.E. Dzerzhinsky, in 2004 - the North-West Academy public service(in absentia). In 2009, he graduated with honors from the Military Academy of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces.
He successively passed all the command and staff positions in the troops from the group engineer to the commander of the missile formation.
He headed the direction in the Main Directorate of Personnel of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. In 2006-2008 he commanded the Vladimir Missile Association.
In October 2009, he was appointed Chief of Staff - First Deputy Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 22, 2010, he was appointed Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces.
Awarded with the Order of Military Merit and 7 medals. Candidate of military sciences.
Married. Raises a son and a daughter.
Structure of the Strategic Missile Forces
Strategic Missile Forces includes:
* three missile armies (headquarters are in the cities of Vladimir, Orenburg and Omsk);
* State Central Interspecific Range "Kapustin Yar", Astrakhan region);
* educational institution (Military Academy named after Peter the Great in Moscow with branches in the cities of Serpukhov, Rostov-on-Don);
* training centers located in Pereslavl-Zalessky (Yaroslavl region), Ostrov (Pskov region), a school of technicians at the Kapustin Yar training ground;
* arsenals and central repair plants.
Table: "Structure of the Strategic Missile Forces."
Armament of the Strategic Missile Forces
At present, the Strategic Missile Forces are armed with six types of missile systems of the fourth and fifth generations. Of these, four are mine-based with ICBMs RS-18, RS-20V, RS-12M2 and two are mobile ground-based with ICBMs RS-12M, RS-12M2. In terms of the number of launchers, silo-based missile systems account for 45% of the strike force of the Strategic Missile Forces, and in terms of the number of warheads, almost 85% of its nuclear potential.
The RS-18 ICBM is a two-stage liquid-propellant rocket with a six-unit MIRV, the maximum firing range is 10,000 km.
ICBM RS-20V - a two-stage liquid-propellant rocket with two options for completing combat equipment: a ten-unit MIRV or a monoblock warhead (MGCh) of increased power, the maximum firing range is 11,000 km for a configuration with MIRV - 15,000 km.
The RS-12M ICBM is a three-stage solid-propellant MGCh missile with a maximum firing range of 10,500 km.
The RS-12M2 ICBM is a three-stage solid-propellant MGCh missile with a maximum firing range of 11,000 km.
TASKS OF THE ROCKET TROOPS.
Both in peacetime and in wartime, in close cooperation with radio engineering, fighter aviation units, electronic warfare units, air defense forces and means of the Ground Forces and the Navy, the following main tasks :
- cover from air strikes of important military and economic facilities (regions), groupings of troops and fleet forces;
- combating air reconnaissance and electronic warfare (EW) assets of the enemy in flight;
- destruction of airmobile (airborne) troops and enemy airborne assault forces in flight;
- in exceptional cases, to destroy ground (surface) targets.
In peacetime, the RV, together with radio engineering troops and fighter aircraft, electronic warfare units, as well as air defense forces and means of other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, are on combat duty to protect the air borders of the Russian Federation.
Literature:
1. http://www.mil.ru/848
2. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
3. http://it-6.mgapi.ru
4. http://www.mil.ru
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ... Wikipedia
The average emblem of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia Patch of the Strategic Missile Forces (1) Patch of the Strategic Missile Forces (2) Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) land component of strategic nuclear forces ... Wikipedia
Day of Strategic Missile Forces in Russia- On December 17, Russia celebrates the Day of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN). The holiday was established on the basis of the decree of the President of Russia of December 10, 1995 On the establishment of the Day of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Day of the Military ... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Day of the Strategic Missile Forces- On December 17, a memorable day is celebrated in Russia - the Day of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN). The holiday was established on the basis of the decree of the President of Russia of December 10, 1995 On the establishment of the Day of the Strategic Missile Forces ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
- ... Wikipedia
- (VVKO) ... Wikipedia
- (VKO) branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, created in Russia in accordance with the decree of President Dmitry Medvedev. A new type of troops must be formed in Russia before December 1, 2011. See also Ministry of Defense ... ... Wikipedia
As of the beginning of 2008, Russia's strategic nuclear forces (SNF) included 702 strategic carriers capable of carrying 3,155 nuclear warheads. Compared to 2007, the number of carriers decreased by 39 units. (5.3%), and ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- To the guys about missiles Combat missiles of Russia from Peter I to the present day A book of fascinating stories for schoolchildren of Suvorov and cadet gymnasiums, Pervov M. who invented military rockets, how rockets were installed on an airplane, a tank and ...
After 1955, the formations of the new format were renamed into RVGK engineering brigades, 18 engineering regiments were created in aviation. In the second half of the 50s, intercontinental ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads appeared at the disposal of the Soviet Strategic Missile Forces. In general, the build-up of nuclear potential is proceeding at a very good pace - atomic bombs are supplied to the troops in increasing quantities, in 1956 the first training center of the Strategic Missile Forces in Arzamas-16 begins to function, and major events are being held to train military personnel. In 1958, the Angara formation of the Strategic Missile Forces was created in Plesetsk, equipped with intercontinental ballistic missiles. In parallel, work is underway to create five more ICBM complexes of the Strategic Missile Forces, the famous R-7 and R-7A missiles are ready for combat duty. The need to separate the Strategic Missile Troops into a separate department becomes obvious. The history of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR, as an established branch of the armed forces, begins in 1959 - on December 17, a corresponding decree of the Council of Ministers was signed.
The first officer to head the command of the Strategic Missile Forces was M.I. Nedelin: since May 1959, Chief Marshal of Artillery, since 1955, Deputy Minister of Defense for Missile Technology and Special Weapons - in fact, one of the main creators of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR.
Mitrofan Nedelin served as commander of the Strategic Missile Forces until his tragic death - also a rather symbolic story. The head of the strategic troops of the USSR died during the tragic events of October 24, 1960 at Baikonur - in history, the explosion of the R-16 ballistic missile, which claimed the lives of almost a hundred officers of the Strategic Missile Forces, is known as the “Nedelin disaster”. The troops of the Strategic Missile Forces then hurried with the tests, this mistake was very expensive - a situation where you had to learn from your own, very painful mistakes. Information about that tragedy at Baikonur was stored for a long time in the "Central Archive of the Missile Forces" under the heading "secret", only in 1989 becoming public. The spaceport of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia on the territory of Kazakhstan by that time had become one of the most famous objects in the world for basing strategic troops.
The official emblem of the strategic forces of the Russian Federation, described above, is by no means the only recognized symbol of the Strategic Missile Forces of our country. One of the no less familiar signs is the image of a ballistic missile taking off, just such a composition at the base of the chevron on the uniform of the Strategic Missile Forces. The same familiar symbol is the basis for the composition of some items of souvenirs from. It is, for example, about the strategic troops made in the classical style and symbols.
Let's return to our story - the structure of the Strategic Missile Forces is being formed in the shortest possible time, quickly turning into a workable mechanism - the international situation leaves no choice. Already on December 21, 1959, the General Staff of the Strategic Missile Forces and all departments were formed - the creation of new formations began. In February 1960, the command and the entire headquarters of the Strategic Missile Forces was located in the village of Vlasikha, Odintsovo District, and is stationed here today. The Museum of the Strategic Missile Forces in the village of Vlasikha is the largest institution of its kind, in addition to a lot of various information material, a unique collection of artifacts from the entire period of the history of the Strategic Missile Forces is collected here. It all starts in the hall of K.E. Tsiolkovsky, the exposition here is dedicated to the works of the great scientist and domestic rocket science of the pre-war period. The next room is dedicated to the development of the Strategic Missile Forces troops during the arms race period, after which the visitor proceeds to the exposition of silo launchers (silo launchers of the Strategic Missile Forces) - among other things, the most interesting life-size models of domestic equipment are presented here. Well, the exposition is completed by the hall of space technologies and today's strategic troops. And, since we are talking about culture, we recommend visiting the Strategic Missile Forces Museum in Balabanovo - the best samples of domestic equipment are collected on the territory of the military unit.
The current system of division of the Strategic Missile Forces troops into missile armies and divisions began to take shape back in the early 60s. The first missile armies of the Strategic Missile Forces were created in 1960 - the headquarters of the 43rd and 50th RA were based in Vinnitsa and Smolensk. Subsequently, the number of RAs in the strategic forces of the Soviet Union was increased to six; in 1970, 27, 31, 33, 53 missile armies of the Strategic Missile Forces were created. The number of missile divisions that made up the largest armies reached sixty - more than a hundred military units of the Strategic Missile Forces were formed in the 1960s. The accumulation of offensive weapons became the basis of Soviet and American policy until the end of the 80s - nuclear disarmament of the United States and the Russian Federation began only after the collapse of the USSR, the first treaty on the reduction of strategic offensive arms (START-I) was signed in 1991. The course towards reducing the arsenals of nuclear weapons logically led to the disbandment of many parts of the Strategic Missile Forces.
In recent history, 59 RDs of the Strategic Missile Forces (2005), divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces in Kansk, Drovyanaya, Yasnaya (2007) were disbanded. It was supposed to disband several more formations, for example, 28 RD in the city of Kozelsk - the Strategic Missile Forces were not touched in this case, the glorified division of the Strategic Missile Forces "remained in service" by personal decree of the president. Nevertheless, in Russia today there are more than a dozen abandoned parts of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces. As a rule, during the disbandment, "non-mobile" equipment was also destroyed - the silos of the Strategic Missile Forces are simply blown up. Thus, the strategic missile forces of the Russian Federation today include the three largest 27th, 31st and 33rd armies with the headquarters of the RA Strategic Missile Forces in Vladimir, Orenburg and Omsk.
The online store Voentorg "Voenpro" not only seeks to provide its customers with the opportunity to purchase traditional souvenirs or flags of military branches, but also to include unique banners and paraphernalia with the symbols of the best army formations that are interesting to a limited circle of people. The personalized national strategic troops are also presented. Of course, there was a place for the flags of all active units of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces, in addition, the banners of the legendary, but today non-existent formations of the missile forces are also presented. The latter also includes - the first RA in the composition of the domestic troops of the Strategic Missile Forces (transition to the page with the product by clicking on the image).
Strategic troops of the Soviet Union in the context of the arms race.
We return to the history of the Strategic Missile Forces. Already in the early 60s, our country had a fairly well-functioning system of Strategic Missile Forces - despite the fact that the United States so far surpassed the USSR in the development of nuclear potential, we were already able, if not to dictate conditions, then to talk on an equal footing. The explosion of the largest hydrogen "Tsar Bomba" on Malaya Zemlya in November 1961 became the starting point for the next round of the arms race, the strategic troops of the USSR and the United States begin the construction of launcher silos (silos of the Strategic Missile Forces). The bottom line is that the possibility of thermonuclear weapons of such strength coming into the possession of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR practically leveled the superiority of the United States in nuclear warheads. The Soviet Union demonstrated that to destroy not only the entire nuclear potential, but also the entire territory of the United States, our Strategic Missile Forces troops need only deliver one warhead to the North American continent. From this moment, the active movement of the arsenal of the Strategic Missile Forces "under the ground" begins, the first launch of a ballistic missile from a silo in the USSR was carried out back in 1959 at the Kapustin Yar test site of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR. The upgraded R-12 rocket was used as a charge carrier.
One of the first formations of the Strategic Rocket Forces of the USSR, which began to work with systems for launching ballistic missiles from mines in operating mode, was the 14th division of the Strategic Missile Forces of Yoshkar-Ola - the silo "Dvina" entered here in 1963. One of the guards divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces took up combat duty in 1962, from the beginning of work to the present day 61 combat training launches have been carried out here. Two years later, a similar Chusovaya silo, configured to launch R-14 missiles, began to arrive in the Strategic Missile Forces unit - the 13th RD of the Strategic Missile Forces Yasny became the first formation to work with this system. The first silo systems of the Strategic Forces of the Soviet Union, long removed from combat duty, belonged to the lowest class of nuclear security - well, the first missile of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR, for which it was developed launcher increased level of protection, became the R-36M, some details about which a little later. Today, the inhabitants of Russia have a unique opportunity to visit a kind of museum of the Rocket Forces in Kozelsk - one of the first generation silos has been turned into it, here they have the opportunity not only to visit the command post, but also to go down into the mine.
Unlike the obsolete combat installations of the Strategic Missile Forces, the above formations of the Strategic Missile Forces still exist today. In, presented in our military department, of course, there is a place for the banner of each active missile army or division. The order is available on the respective pages.
Let's return to our story about the Strategic Missile Forces: 1962 could well be the last year in the history of not only the Strategic Missile Forces, but also mankind, and this is not an exaggeration - the concept of the "Caribbean Crisis" is still considered a household word. In the summer of 1962, the USSR transferred its army contingent, including some parts of the Strategic Missile Forces, to Cuba, which provoked an increase in tension in relations with the United States to an amplitude value. The delegation, consisting of the Commander-in-Chief and leading generals of the Strategic Missile Forces, previously visited the "Island of Freedom", enlisting the support of Fidel Castro. As part of Operation Anadyr, ballistic missiles R-12 and R-14 of the USSR Strategic Missile Forces equipped with nuclear warheads were delivered to Cuba. The conflict then was avoided, the United States limited itself to a naval blockade of Cuba and the famous speech of Kennedy. However, on October 24, the ships of the USSR violated the blockade, calling it an act of aggression - this caused the conflict to escalate. The troops of the Strategic Missile Forces of the Soviet Union and the United States were put on full alert, on October 25 an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council was held with perhaps the most famous speech by N.S. Khrushchev. The degree of tension was such that the war seemed inevitable - in this situation, the only right decision was made: the strategic troops of the USSR in Cuba were removed from combat duty, in response to which the United States guaranteed the "non-invasion" of their armies to the island.
At the beginning of the 70s, the expected situation developed in the world - tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, in general, did not subside, but the combined nuclear potential of the Strategic Missile Forces of both superpowers became so great (while the powers of the opponents were approximately equal) that open confrontation would lead to a global catastrophe. The so-called “nuclear parity” was established, it turned out that stability on the planet was based on the equality of forces of the Strategic Rocket Forces of the two states - a rather shaky world. The need for a constructive dialogue on the subject of control of the Strategic Missile Forces seemed obvious - in 1972, the first bilateral SALT-I treaty was signed between the USA and the USSR. It was stipulated here that the troops of the Strategic Missile Forces of both countries should remain at the level of power that they had reached by the time the treaty was signed. Later, there were additional agreements, then the direction for disarmament was indicated, but the first step towards mutual control of the Strategic Missile Forces of the Strategic Missile Forces was taken precisely in 1972.
The famous motto of the Strategic Missile Forces troops “After us, silence” was born back in the 60s of the last century, but today it does not lose its relevance. The essence of the statement, extremely simple and clear even to a schoolboy, may seem harsh to some, but the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia do not think so. You can find the phrase reflecting the purpose of the Strategic Missile Forces (in an extreme, of course, situation) on many souvenirs and flags of the Voenpro military department. For example, we recommend paying attention to such a small one (transition to the page with the product “on click”).
If the direct accumulation of nuclear capacities in the Strategic Missile Forces was suspended, then rocket technology continued to advance by leaps and bounds. On December 25, 1974, the legendary missile system of the third generation of the Strategic Missile Forces "Satan" (R-36M) enters combat duty. It has been fully used in parts of the Strategic Missile Forces since the end of 1975, the first Soviet missiles with a multiple warhead with individual targeting units (MIRV) and silos for them were developed and tested for four years. The first RF Strategic Missile Forces, equipped with the latest type of weapons of the domestic Strategic Forces at that time, became part of the regiment of the 13th RD in the village of Dombrovsky, then the R-36M received the Saratov Strategic Missile Forces unit, and later placed in all points of permanent deployment. More modern modifications of the Satan missile (according to NATO classification) are still on combat duty as part of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces. In the video below, the launch of the R-36M ICBM as part of the 2009 Strategic Missile Forces exercise.
Anticipating the subsequent narrative, we note that even a serious increase in the level of nuclear security of stationary silos of the Strategic Missile Forces could not ensure their resistance to a direct hit nuclear warheads. The doctrine of "the inevitability of retribution" was subjected to another (after the invention of the hydrogen bomb) tests. Given the deployment of the Strategic Missile Forces known to a potential enemy and the availability of high-precision guidance systems, there is a need to create mobile missile systems for strategic troops.
As a small lyrical digression, let us recall another well-known motto of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia, once again not without a share of black humor: "If we fall asleep, you will not wake up." No matter how this phrase sounds, the message is justified: modern world is designed in such a way that nuclear strategic forces are both a source of danger and a guarantor of stability. In the assortment of the online military agency "Voenpro" there is, among other things, the image of a nuclear explosion. The symbolism is close to the veterans of the Strategic Missile Forces and the servicemen of our days.
Perhaps the most formidable weapon of the Strategic Missile Forces of the Soviet Union - the legendary missile carrier train became the first mobile missile corps in history, and to this day is considered one of the most powerful weapons of the Strategic Forces. At first, the task set by the domestic scientific leadership of the country and the command of the Strategic Missile Forces seemed impossible, judge for yourself:
- it was necessary to have a 150-ton rocket and place it in a standard railway car with a standard carrying capacity of 50-60 tons - we note that the Strategic Missile Forces train must move along standard tracks;
- the standard size of the rocket trivially did not allow it to be placed in a car, fundamentally new design solutions were adopted to solve the problem: the nozzles were able to fit inside the body, and the head fairing was made folding;
- with the standard scheme for launching warheads of the BZHRK, the Strategic Missile Forces would have been enough for exactly one use - when the rocket was launched, the rails would simply melt, and the train itself could not withstand the load. The solution was found again: a pre-launch powder system was designed, with the help of which the rocket first rose to a small height, where the main engines were turned on.
Here is only an incomplete list of unique advanced solutions used to create a combat railway missile system of the USSR Strategic Missile Forces - it was the most powerful technological breakthrough of its time. Patriotic Missile Forces of Strategic Purpose received at their disposal unique look weapons, the main problem of the Strategic Missile Forces was solved - now the potential enemy cannot determine where the missile forces are, or rather, the launchers at a certain point in time. The first "Scalpel" was adopted by the Strategic Missile Forces in 1987, the last of the twelve ghost trains in 1992. Combat duty in Russian army The Strategic Missile Forces of the BZHRK were conducted until 2005, today they fell under the START III treaty, however, talks about the resumption of the operation of ghost trains of the Strategic Forces of the Molodets system are still ongoing today.
Strategic Missile Forces in modern Russia
The period of the modern history of the Strategic Missile Forces began in the early 90s, along with the collapse of the USSR and the beginning of a large-scale liquidation of capacities under the START agreements - a sore subject for many. The policy pursued in relation to the Strategic Missile Forces by the leadership of the USSR and Russia in the late 80s and early 90s is regarded by many, not without reason, as a betrayal. One way or another, they managed to save the troops of the Strategic Missile Forces - this alone cannot but rejoice.
The difficult period for the country and the army and in the troops of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia passed far from without losses, but there was a place for bright victories. The first mobile missile systems in the history of the Strategic Missile Forces of our countries were developed and put into service back in Soviet times. But one of the main achievements of our country during the formation of the Russian Federation was the creation and putting on combat duty in parts of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces of the unique Topol-M RTOs. On December 30, 1998, the Tamanskaya Division of the Strategic Missile Forces Svetly was the first in the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation to take up combat duty with the fifth-generation Topol-M mobile missile system. Since 2000, the Topols have been adopted by the Strategic Missile Forces in Yurya-2 and Teikovo, then every year the number of the latest missile systems in the army grew. As of the end of 2012, the strategic troops of the Russian Federation were armed with 60 mine-based Topol-M missiles and 18 RTOs.
The Strategic Missile Forces today is a well-established system with a fairly clear functioning of all mechanisms; in the period before 2001, this type of strategic troops also included the Space Forces, today allocated to a separate department. On combat duty as part of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces, there are about six hundred carriers with a total capacity of one and a half thousand nuclear warheads. If until 2012 the power of the Rocket Forces was steadily declining, then over the past year we could observe the opposite picture. Of course. On a scale that does not contradict the START treaties. The control of the Strategic Missile Forces is still carried out from the village of Vlasikha, three RAs are subordinate to the command. The armies make up the RD, among which are four guards red banner missile divisions.
Before moving on to the final part of the story, let's draw your attention to another class of thematic goods in the section of the Internet military department "Voenpro" - we are talking about textile products with the symbols of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces. For example, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with, in order to go to the page with the product, just "click" on the image below.
Service in the Strategic Missile Forces today
Strategic troops, already by virtue of their appointment, are elite troops without any reservations, hence the extremely strict selection of military personnel in the Strategic Missile Forces. At the dawn of the existence of strategic missile forces, soldiers and officers in the Strategic Missile Forces came from other branches of the military, courses were organized for retraining at military educational institutions and training grounds. Of course, such a system did not last long - technology, military science developed, and the requirements for the military personnel of the Strategic Missile Forces grew. As part of the development of the Strategic Missile Forces, educational institutions were created in which they began to train extremely qualified personnel for the strategic missile forces. Universities that train officers of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia today operate in several regions of the Russian Federation - the head educational institution is the Higher Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces named after. Peter the Great in Moscow. The Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces also has its own branches, including a separate subdivision in Serpukhov.
In addition to the institutes of the Strategic Missile Forces and the military schools of the missile forces located in Moscow, Rostov, Novosibirsk, the training of qualified personnel is carried out in specialized training centers. The largest training center of the Strategic Missile Forces in the city of Ostrov-3 in the Pskov region - military unit 35700 (previously 35600). The history of the most famous "training school" of the Strategic Missile Forces has 87 years (it was formed in 1926) - do not be surprised, at first specialists for the Air Force were trained here. The course of training for the military personnel of the Strategic Missile Forces today takes four months, here they take the oath, subsequently heading to the places of service. Soldiers who have excellently completed the training course have the opportunity to choose their part of the Strategic Missile Forces on their own.
The passage of urgent or contract service in the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia is an exciting and responsible occupation, it is no coincidence that the most intellectually developed conscripts get here. The officers who graduated from the universities of the strategic forces are not only professional military personnel, but also competent technical specialists.
Parts of the Strategic Missile Forces are located both in the European part of Russia and beyond the Urals. It is characteristic that the divisions included in the missile army of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia can be located at a very serious distance from the headquarters: for example, the 42nd division of the Strategic Missile Forces, which is part of the 31st RA with headquarters in Orenburg, is located in Nizhny Tagil. In Siberia, taking into account the expanses of the region, it is even more interesting: the headquarters of the 33rd missile army is located in Omsk - up to the divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces in Pashino or Sibirsky, which are part of the 33rd RA, more than a day away by train. However, given what type of troops we are talking about, these are all trifles - let's not forget that Topol-M, launched from the Strategic Missile Forces base in Partizansk, for example, will reach New York in about 30 minutes.
We remind veterans of the Strategic Missile Forces, active military personnel and just those who are not indifferent that there is a place in the assortment of our store,. And, of course, as part of preparations for the upcoming holiday of the Strategic Forces, it has been launched for sale - the banners of the active missile armies and divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces are presented. In order to purchase, for example, it is enough to place an order on the corresponding page (just click on the image below to go).
At the end of the conversation about the Russian Strategic Forces, a little about the vital. Over the past twenty-five years, the Strategic Missile Forces have undergone very strong changes: all warheads with multiple warheads have been removed from service, the total capacity has been reduced several times, but the biggest problem is that a very serious percentage of the Strategic Missile Forces missiles on combat duty are on the threshold of end of service life. However, in the last few years we have witnessed a turning point - the state has finally begun to invest heavily in improving the technical equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces. A new generation of missile attack warning systems has been created and is operating, the Oko orbital attack warning satellite is working for the Strategic Missile Forces, an increase in the number of Topol-M systems in service with the Strategic Forces, and testing of new Yars and Rubezh missiles. The decision of 2008 to not disband the Kozelskaya division of the Strategic Missile Forces and the plans to revive the BZHRK were generally perceived by our partners from the United States as a return to the Cold War. This, of course, is a very serious exaggeration of American politicians who are very prone to such exaggerations - we are only observing the proper attitude towards the defense capability of the state.
This work is dated 2004. As the access to the archives is opened, new data and documents appear, in some points contradicting the conclusions and information given in this book. Nevertheless, at that time the book became a kind of "introduction" to the history of the Strategic Missile Forces.
The ancestor of the Rocket Forces can be considered the created August 15, 1946 as part of GSOVG 72nd Special Purpose Engineering Brigade RVGK, a year later, withdrawn to the landfill in the USSR Kapustin Yar(then the brigade was relocated to the city of Bear near Novgorod and, finally, in the city of Gvardeysk Kaliningrad region).
Before 1952 10 more brigades were created (in order of formation) with deployment:
73 - me (former 23 -I, in the Volga region - Kamyshin),
77 -Me and 80 -I (Zhytomyr region),
85 -I am ( Kapustin Yar, With 1960 city - Lithuania, city Niauliai),
90 -i (Mr. Romny),
54 -i (p. Manzovka, Primorye),
56 -I am ( Derzhavinsk, Kazakh SSR)
And others, armed with medium-range missile systems (IRRM) of the R-1 and R-2 types, then, with 1955- R-5M.
The brigades consisted of 3 fire battalions (regiments of 2) with 2 batteries (1 launcher per battery) in each .
V 1958 on the basis of aviation formations in the composition long-range aviation RVGK was created 18 engineering regiments and 3 division control.
Thus, missile units and formations were subordinated to two different chiefs, which significantly hampered their effective use and further development.
Initially, the leadership of the missile units was entrusted to 4th Jet Weapons Directorate of the Main Artillery Directorate ( GAU). And only in March 1953 as part of the GAU, the Office of the Deputy Commander of the Artillery of the Soviet Army (for reactive units) was created, and in March 1955 the post of Deputy Minister of Defense for Special Weapons and Jet Technology was introduced, to which the Chief Marshal of Artillery was appointed M.I. Nedelin.
In September 1958 at the Baikonur test site, a demonstration of rocket technology was held for members of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Government of the USSR. It started with rocket launches R-12. All launches were successful. Then Chief Marshal of Artillery M.I. Nedelin and chief of staff of jet units, lieutenant general M.A. Nikolsky reported on the combat capabilities of the new weapon and the prospects for its further development. They scientifically substantiated the need to create a special type of troops capable of ensuring strategic stability. During the screening N.S. Khrushchev uttered a significant phrase, saying that rockets can and should become a formidable weapon and a reliable shield of the Motherland. Thus, for many years he determined the main path for the development of the strategic nuclear forces of the Soviet Union (though sometimes to the detriment of other types).
V 1950s-1960s the number of formations and artillery units was significantly reduced, and almost all corps and divisions were disbanded, and brigades and regiments remained the main unit, the number of which also decreased. A significant part of the artillery, mortar and anti-aircraft artillery divisions, brigades and regiments, when creating the Strategic Missile Forces, was turned to the creation of missile divisions and regiments.
December 17, 1959 was created by the Decree of the Government of the USSR the new kind Armed Forces - Strategic Rocket Forces ( Strategic Missile Forces) with the Headquarters in Odintsovo. Organizationally, they consisted of the Main Directorate of Special Construction ( Glavspetsstroy, educated in 1951) and created in 1959:
Main Directorate of Missile Weapons ( GURVO);
Main Directorate of Acquisition and Equipment;
12th Main Directorate of the Ministry of Defense (in charge of weapons arsenals);
Combat Training Directorate;
Management of military educational institutions;
Logistics Departments;
Central command post.
Main engineering department ( SMI RV) formed in 1961.;
The central communication center created in March 1961;
Central Computing Center ( CEC created in 1961;
Main Directorate for the Operation of Missile Weapons ( GUERV), created only in 1968.
These troops were entrusted with the tasks of daily operation of missile systems with ballistic missiles in peacetime, preparation and conduct of missile launches by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief in the event of a war. By the time they were created, the Soviet Armed Forces had several rocket engineering brigades and rocket engineering regiments. RVGK(transferred from long-range aviation), armed with medium-range missiles. Before the personnel of these brigades and regiments, the command has already set specific combat missions in the event of a nuclear war to defeat large enemy groupings in the European theater of operations. At the same time, it was envisaged to transfer one missile brigade to operational subordination to each front. After the missile engineering brigades of the missile system entered service with MRBM R-1 2 significantly changed their purpose. Now their use was planned to be carried out strictly centrally, only by decision of the Supreme High Command.
V 1959 in the western regions of the USSR began the mass deployment of missile regiments armed IRBM type R-12, as well as the construction of two launch stations for launching ICBM R-7.
At the same time, intensive work was underway to test new rocket technology, which was not without tragedies. In preparation for the first launch ICBM R-16 there was an explosion. Among the dead was the first Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces M.I. Nedelin.
V 1960 the first 2 missile armies ( 43 I'm with headquarters in Vinnitsa and 50 -I - with headquarters in Smolensk), to the formation of which the air armies under the same numbers and most of the formations and units that were part of them were turned. Then the number of armies was brought up to 6 , and there are more divisions 50 . Each division included 3-4 regiment, and sometimes more, depending on the type of missiles - for example, 57 -I division 33 1st Rocket Army in Zhangiz-tobe(Kazakhstan) in 1990 had 10 regiments. The existing air armies and corps, divisions and regiments of various types were sent to form these formations - aviation, artillery, anti-aircraft, jet and even tank and motorized rifles (which, against the backdrop of a general reduction in the Armed Forces, was a boon for the reduced military personnel). Therefore, honorary titles and awards went to the new armies and divisions by inheritance from the distinguished formations of the Great Patriotic War. Total in 1960 more than 100 connections and parts Strategic Missile Forces, for the staffing of which management went 3 artillery, 3 aviation and 2 tank divisions, 2 motorized rifle and several dozen different regiments.
As an example, we can cite the history of the first missile division in the USSR - 24 th Guards. The division was created in 1960 on the basis of the existing 72 th Guards Engineering Brigade, which, in turn, was created in Germany on the basis of 92 th Guards Mortar Regiment (at first the brigade was called 92 th, then, until December 1950 - 22 th). stationed with 1950 in the village Bear Novgorod region, in February 1959 brigade armed with missiles R-5M, in the composition 2 divisions was relocated to the GDR (g. Furstenberg), and her 3rd division is located in Gvardeysk Kaliningrad region, where six months later the first 2 division. By this time, missiles had entered service. R-12, which were available until the disbandment of the division in 1990
V 1961 the Strategic Missile Forces received missile systems with ground launches from MRBM R-14 and ICBM R-16. The combat capabilities of the missile troops have increased significantly. Two groupings were created in their composition: medium-range missiles and intercontinental-range missiles. They were intended for the preparation and delivery of a nuclear missile strike against strategic targets within the range of the missiles.
A permanent combat readiness system was introduced in the Rocket Forces. In peacetime, combat readiness No. 4 (permanent) was established. In the event of a real threat of unleashing a war, units of the Strategic Missile Forces were transferred to certain degrees of combat readiness (No. 3 - increased, No. 2 - increased 1st degree and No. 1 - full). Each degree of readiness corresponded to a certain technical state of rocket technology, the main indicator of which was the time before the launch of the rocket from the moment the command arrived for launch (combat readiness of the RK). Very quickly, this indicator, along with the survivability indicator, became one of the determining factors in the evaluation of strategic missile systems.
The first Soviet combat missile systems ( DBK), which entered service in 1959-1963, they were distinguished by low combat readiness (preparation for the launch took up to several hours) and survivability, as well as low firing accuracy and operational complexity. According to these indicators, they were inferior to American complexes with ICBM "Atlas-F", "Titan-1" and "Minuteman-1". Nevertheless, they successfully played the role of a deterrent during the Caribbean crisis, despite their small numbers. V 1962 The Strategic Missile Forces had only 30 launchers for ICBM R-16 and R-7A, and the US had 203 installation.
In order to turn the Strategic Missile Forces into a reliable "missile shield", work was launched to develop and test new missile systems with ICBM second generation. At the same time, the main goals were considered to be an increase in the indicators of combat readiness, security, the likelihood of bringing orders to executive levels, simplifying and reducing the cost of operation DBK. It was planned to put new missiles on combat duty only in silo launchers.
For the rapid deployment of new DBK the government decided, even before the end of joint testing of missiles and other systems of the complex, to begin construction of silo launchers ( silos), command posts and other infrastructure elements necessary to ensure the daily activities of missile units. This made it possible to put new rocket technology on combat duty in a short time. Yes, for 1966-1968 number of deployed ICBM has grown since 333 units up to 909 , and by the end 1970- before 1361 , i.e. before reaching parity with the United States in nuclear weapons, in fact, only a few hundred, and not because the ratio 1:13 10 years before.
After the entry into service of missile systems with ICBM R-36 and UR-100, which significantly increased the combat power and effectiveness of the grouping of intercontinental missiles, the Strategic Missile Forces firmly occupied the main place in the structure of Soviet nuclear deterrents. They were entrusted with the main tasks of hitting the strategic targets of a potential enemy in the first nuclear strike. V 1970 share ICBM amounted to 74% of the total number of all strategic carriers, and to 1973 ICBM were placed in 1398 silos 26 missile divisions: 4, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27,28, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 50, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62 -I am.
By this time, the system of combat control of troops and weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces had received significant development. The command posts were equipped with an automated system that made it possible to implement the principle of strict centralization of the use of nuclear missile weapons and to exclude possible cases of unauthorized missile launches. The reliability of communicating the orders of the High Command to the executive levels has increased significantly. Automated control systems were introduced technical condition missiles and missile systems. The Strategic Missile Forces have become the most advanced branch of the Armed Forces.
Appearance ICBM with individual targeting heads made it possible to sharply increase the combat power of missile weapons without further increasing the number of carriers. Following the path of achieving strategic parity with the United States, the Soviet Union also began to create similar missiles. New DBK With ICBM R-36M, UR-100N and MR UR-100 began to be placed on combat duty with 1974[Pervov M., Missile weapons Strategic Missile Forces, M., 1999, 284 p.] Indeed, missiles UR-100 did not pass all stages state tests, which turned out during the control launches of these missiles already from combat positions. At the same time, almost all the missile parameters indicated by the developers turned out to be significantly lower, and the missiles had to be fine-tuned already in the troops (this fact seriously affected the attitude towards the main Soviet rocket builder - Chelomey). Simultaneously with the adoption of new missiles, and in accordance with the Soviet-American agreement on the limitation of strategic offensive weapons ( OSV-1), which put an end to the quantitative increase in the number of carriers, began the withdrawal from the combat strength of missile systems with ICBM R-9A and R-16U.
In the middle 1970s The USSR finally reached an exemplary nuclear parity with the United States, and in the second half, the process of modernizing missile systems began with IRBM. The mobile complex began to enter service "Pioneer" with solid rocket RSD-10, equipped with an individual guidance warhead. At the same time, all missiles were removed from combat duty. R-14 and R-12U. Although the total number of missiles and the total TNT equivalent of nuclear warheads have decreased, the combat effectiveness of the group as a whole has increased.
From the end 1970s Two factors began to have a serious impact on the development of the Strategic Missile Forces. First, the Soviet government made a political statement that the Soviet Union would not be the first to use nuclear missiles. Secondly, the restrictions laid down in the Soviet-American Treaty began to operate. OSV-2(although US legislators did not ratify it, the parties said they would adhere to its provisions), to modernize and create new missile systems.
The refusal to be the first to use nuclear weapons for the Rocket Forces meant that in the event of a sudden nuclear attack by the enemy, they would have to operate in extremely difficult conditions. In order to ensure the solution of the tasks of delivering retaliatory and, even more so, retaliatory nuclear strikes against the aggressor, it was necessary to significantly increase the survivability of missile systems as a whole, the resistance of missiles to the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion, and the reliability of combat control and communication systems.
Implementation of the entire range of works on the modernization of existing weapons DBK required significant financial and material costs. At the same time, work was underway to create mobile missile systems, the main purpose of which was to be involved in delivering a retaliatory nuclear strike. First entered service DBK with ground self-propelled launchers and ICBM RT-2PM "Topol". And also in the middle 70s work began on the creation of a mobile combat railway missile system ( BZHRK), but it was adopted only November 28, 1989, although the first 6 regiments 40 th missile division in Kostroma, armed with this complex, October 20, 1987 went on combat duty. Subsequently, this complex entered service with another 2 missile divisions located in Berchete and Gladkom Krasnoyarsk Territory(on 4 shelf in each). As part of the missile regiment BZHRK included a train of three diesel locomotives and 17 wagons, including three launchers with missile systems RT-23UGTH(Total 12 missiles). Missile launchers occupied 9 railway platforms. There was also a command post and wagons in which systems were equipped to ensure the life of personnel and maintain missiles in readiness for launch while on combat duty. To protect these trains, in addition to their own security platoon, if necessary, it was provided for the allocation of units from military units located along the routes of the train, up to a motorized rifle battalion. In addition, it was supposed to use special units of the Strategic Missile Forces ( see ch. 5).
With putting on duty self-propelled "Topol" and BZHRK the combat capabilities of the Strategic Missile Forces have increased markedly. By this time, this service of the USSR Armed Forces had become the most advanced in terms of technical equipment with highly intelligent automated systems for various purposes. But already in 1988 the process of liquidating a whole class of nuclear missile weapons - medium-range ballistic missiles - began. In the Rocket Forces at the beginning 1988 was on combat duty 65 missiles R-12 and 405 RSD-10. All of them, as well as the missiles that were in storage, were to be destroyed before the summer. 1991 By this time, the Strategic Missile Forces included 28 missile divisions - in relation to 1973 divisions appeared under the numbers 23 , 29 , 30 , 34 , 35 , 51 but were disbanded 4 divisions.
TO autumn 1990 in the Strategic Missile Forces was 2500 carriers and 10271 unit of nuclear charges, most of which were intercontinental ballistic missiles - 1398 pieces with 6612 charges (for comparison - to 1997 these figures have decreased in 1,8 times: 15P5 carriers, 6758 charges, of which ICBM - 762 carrier, 3700 charges). In addition, the Soviet nuclear arsenals contained warheads of tactical nuclear weapons ( TNW): surface-to-surface missiles (according to Western classification) Scud-B, "Frog", SS-20, SS-21 in quantity 4300 units, artillery shells and mines to mortars of caliber 152 , 203 , 240 -mm - up 2000 things; air-to-ground missiles AS-2, AS-4, AS-5, AS-6) and free-fall bombs for Air Force aviation with a total strength of more than 5000 units, cruise anti-ship missiles ( SS-N-3, 7 , 9 , 12 , 19 , 21 , 22 ), as well as depth charges and torpedoes ( SS-N-15, 16, FRAS-1, T-65, ET-80) with a total number of up to 1500 units; caliber shells 152 mm coastal artillery and coastal defense missiles ( SSC-1v) in the amount 200 things; as well as atomic bombs and mines - up to 14 000 units. The treacherous policy of its leadership towards its country put an end to the operational-tactical missile systems that were in service in the Ground Forces (and have not been surpassed so far) 9K714 "Oka".
It should be noted that with the coming to the leadership of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev began the process of gradual concessions to the United States and NATO in the reduction of all types of weapons, including nuclear. Without any justification, the thesis was put forward about the advent of a new era in international politics and the primacy of "universal values" (what it is in the West has never been known, as, indeed, in our country). Instead of taking real measures to improve the economy, the country's leadership began talking about reforms and shying away from one concept of a way out of the impending crisis to another. All this affected the Armed Forces of the USSR as a whole and the Strategic Missile Forces in particular. By the end 1990 was on combat duty 7 types of various missile systems, and there are even more modifications of missiles (note 3.2). Near 40% all ICBM belonged to the second generation missiles and required replacement. At the same time, the arrival of new samples was slow. Although a number of missile divisions that were deployed near cities Barnaul, Upper Salda(Nizhny Tagil), Vypolzovo(Bologoe), Yoshkar-Ola, Teikovo(Ivanovo region), Yuria(Kirov region), Novosibirsk, Kansk, Irkutsk, settlement wood burning Chita region, managed to get new ICBM "Poplar". On the territory of Belarus 9 regiments of such missiles ( 81 installation) were deployed in divisions under the cities Lida, Mozyr and Postavy[?].
V 1991 the Soviet-American treaty was signed 50% reduction of strategic offensive arms ( START-1). It established equal limits for the parties on the total number of carriers of nuclear weapons - according to 1600 units with the number of nuclear warheads on them up to 6000 . Sub-levels were introduced for certain types of weapons. Thus, the total number of warheads per ICBM and BRIL should not exceed 4900 units, of which 1100 on mobile missiles and 1540 - on heavy ICBM (154 R-36M). The total total throwable weight of the missiles was also limited. The treaty banned the creation of new types of heavy ICBM, mobile launchers for existing heavy missiles, high-speed reloading devices for launchers ICBM.
The Americans, not without the help of the treacherous position of the leadership of the USSR, managed to impose on the Soviet side restrictions on the number of non-deployed mobile-based intercontinental missiles and launchers of such missiles. It was allowed to have 250 such missiles, including 125 for BZHRK, and 110 PU (18 for BZHRK). At the same time, the number of non-deployed BRIL was not limited. In accordance with the provisions of the Treaty, the Soviet Union was to reduce 36 % deployed ICBM and SLBM(about 400 first and 500 second) and 41,6 % of all nuclear warheads, and the United States - respectively 28,8 % strategic carriers and 43,2 % nuclear warheads.
autumn 1991"peacemaker" Gorbachev announced new steps towards disarmament. Even before the consideration of the Treaty START-1 legislative bodies of the state, he made far-reaching decisions. The build-up and modernization stopped ICBM railway-based, were removed from combat duty 503 ICBM, 134 of which are equipped with individual targeting warheads. Thus, it was planned that the number of warheads on Soviet strategic offensive weapons would be reduced to 5000 (51,3 % ). And then the collapse of the Soviet Union followed.
Outside the territory of the Russian Federation were 108 heavy ICBM, 46 latest missiles RT-23U mine-based and 130 UR-100U on which it was installed 2320 nuclear warheads. Very soon it became clear that all of them were irretrievably lost to Russia and they would have to be included in the number of those being liquidated. By the end 1991 distribution of carriers and warheads in Russian systems nuclear deterrence ( strategic nuclear forces) looked like this: the Strategic Missile Forces in the general structure had 51,2% carriers and 56,8% warheads, naval strategic nuclear forces - 44,7% carriers and 37,1% warheads, aviation strategic nuclear forces - 4,1 and 6,1% respectively.
A separate line in the provision of parts of the Strategic Missile Forces was and is the issue of anti-sabotage struggle. After the initial 1980s a number of exercises to capture missiles, positions and launchers by forces of "saboteurs", their insufficient protection was revealed. Therefore, starting from 1986 missile regiments began to be attached to guard and reconnaissance companies. Already after the collapse of the USSR, anti-sabotage (security and reconnaissance) battalions appeared in each of the armies and divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces, whose tasks were to protect and protect launchers, command posts and communications and control networks, search for and destroy enemy sabotage groups in areas where missile positions were located. The missile divisions were even armed with armored vehicles (except for rail-based missile divisions).
Missile units were also present in the ground forces.
Missile brigades, the first of which appeared in the Ground Forces in August 1958 under the name RVGK engineering teams(former OSNAZ RVGK), were originally armed with operational-tactical missiles R-11 (8А61) and R-11M (8K11, on the chassis of self-propelled guns - released 56 self-propelled units) with a firing range of 80-150 km and a high-explosive warhead weighing 1000 kg. First 3 brigades were deployed in the Carpathian ( 77 -i), Kiev ( 90 - me, ex 56 -I am OSNAZ) and Voronezh ( 233 -i) districts. Already with 1962 to replace missiles R-11 new missiles began to arrive R-17 (8K14 on chassis ACS and 9K72 on chassis MAZ-543, according to the NATO code, referred to respectively as " Scud-A" and " Scud-B"). Moreover, mobile wheeled launchers 9P117 based on chassis MAZ-543 with missiles R-17- all together complex 9K72(export version R-300) appeared in 1965 and were in service until the collapse of the Union. But the caterpillar installations were at the beginning 1980s removed from service. The missile brigade of these installations included 3 division (in each - 3 batteries with 1 launcher), control battery, sapper unit, other combat and technical support units.
In total, the brigade had 9 launchers, up to 500 motor vehicles of special and general purpose, 800 personnel (in the starting batteries themselves - 243 man, the number of personnel of one starting platoon was 27 Human). In the future, these brigades were armed with missile systems 9K52 "Moon" and 9K72. Such brigades were created 2 types: or 3-4 divisions in each ( 3 batteries by 1 launcher in each), or 4-6 divisions (2 batteries, 1 unit each). Missile systems entered service with brigades 9K714 "Oka"(with range up to 400 km, intended for changing complexes 9K72). Unfortunately, the treacherous position of the country's leadership when concluding an agreement in 1989 on the elimination of medium-range missiles, launched "under the knife" that still has no analogues "Oku". By this time, there were about 100 launchers, which were brought together in 6 brigades and 1 separate regiment GSVG (4 PU). The brigades were stationed: 3 in Belarus (in each 18 PU) and by 1 v GSVG, in Turkmenistan and in Kazakhstan (according to 12 PU in each). And complexes 9K72 by the end 1990 there were about 650 , and about 100 was in the Far East.
In addition, to the top 1988 The RVA of the Ground Forces had 3 brigades 3 - regimental staff and 5 separate regiments of missiles "Temp-C"(in each regiment - from 4 before 6 launchers, range of destruction - up to 300 -900 km), which are in the middle 1970 -s. transferred from the Strategic Missile Forces. They were stationed in GDR (2 brigades and 2 individual regiments) and Czechoslovakia (2 brigades), as well as 5 districts - Belarusian (1 regiment), Far East (1 brigade), Zabaikalsky (1 brigade), Siberian (1 regiment) and Central Asian (1 brigade and 1 separate regiment). There were 135 launchers, 220 deployed and 506 non-deployed missiles OTRK "Temp-C". In accordance with the December 1987 between the USSR and the USA by the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, all OTRK "Temp-C"(NATO code - OS-12 Scaleboard) were in 1988-1989 withdrawn and liquidated.
ANNEXES TO CHAPTER 3
Annex 3.1. Formations and institutions of the Strategic Missile Forces of the period 1960-1991.
1. Rocket armies
| Army No. | Dislocation | Time of creation | Divisions included into the army during their existence. Rooms |
||
| corps | armies | Qty | |||
| 27 -I guards | MVO, Vladimir | 01.09.59 | 1970 | 6 | 7, 28, (32), 54, 60 |
| 31 -I am | UVO, Orenburg | 05.09.65 | 1970 | 9 | 8, 13, 14, (41), 42, 50, 52, (55), 59 |
| 33 -I guards | SBVO, Omsk | 1962 | 1970 | 12 | (20), (22), 23, (26), (34), 35, 36 Guards, (37), 38, 39 guards, 57, 62 |
| 43 -I am | KVO, Vinnitsa | - | 1960 | 4 | 19, 43, (44), (45), 46 |
| 50 -I am | BVO, Smolensk | - | 1960 | 5 | 24 Guards, 80, (81), (82), 83, (84) |
| 53 -I am | ZBVO, Chita | 1962 | 1970 | 4 | 4, (6), 27, 51 Guards. |
2. Missile divisions
| № divisions |
Subordination, dislocation |
Missile systems, consisting in service during existence divisions |
| 4th | ZBVO, 53 RA, Drovyanaya (Chita region) | UR-100, "Pioneer", RS-20 |
| 5th (?) | ZBVO, 53 RA, Yasnaya (Tin-4, Chita region) | UR-100 (SS-11) |
| 7th Guards Rezhitskaya | MVO, 27 RA, Vypolzovo (Bologoe-4, Novgorod region) | R-16, UR-100/100U, "Poplar" |
| 8th Melitopol | UVO, 31 RA, Pervomaisky (Yurya-2, Kirov region) | R-16, "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
| 13th | UVO, 31 RA, Dombarovsky (Yasny, Orenburg region) | R-36, RS-20 |
| 14th Kiev-Zhytomyr | UVO, 31 RA, Yoshkar-Ola (Mari ASSR) | R-16, RT-2, "Poplar" |
| 18th | MVO, 27 RA, Plesetsk (Arkhangelsk region) | "Temp-2S" |
| 19th Zaporozhye | PKVO, 43 RA, Khmelnitsky (Ukrainian SSR) | UR-100/100N |
| 20th(?) | SBVO, 33 RA, Omsk | R-9 |
| 21st (?) | UVO, 31 RA, Shadrinsk (Kurgan region) | R-16 |
| 22nd (?) | SBVO, 33 RA, Tyumen | R-9 |
| 23rd | SBVO, 33 RA, Kansk ( Krasnoyarsk region) | R-16, "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
| 24th Guards Gomel | PBVO, 50 RA, Gvardeysk (Kaliningrad region) | R-12 |
| 26th (?) | SBVO, 33 RA, Itatka (Tomsk region) | R-16 |
| 27th | DVO, 53 RA, Svobodny (Amur region) | UR-100 |
| 28th Guards | MVO, 27 RA, Kozelsk (Kaluga region) | UR-100/100N, RS-18 |
| 29th Guards Kherson | BVO, 50 RA, Postavy (Belarusian SSR) | R-12, "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
| 30th Svirskaya | BVO, 50 RA, Mozyr (Belarusian SSR) | R-12, "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
| 31st Sevastopol | PKVO, 43 RA, Lutsk (Ukrainian SSR) | R-12, "Pioneer" |
| 32nd Smolenskaya | KVO, 43 RA, Romny (Ukrainian SSR) | "Pioneer" |
| 33rd Melitopol | MVO, 27 RA, Dzerzhinsk (Moscow region) | R-12 |
| 34th Guards Stanislav-Budapest | BVO, 50 RA, Lida (Belarusian SSR) | R-12, "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
| 35th | SBVO, 33 RA, Siberian (Altai Territory) | "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
| 36th Guards Vienna | SBVO, 33 RA, Kedrovy (Krasnoyarsk Territory) | RS-22 |
| 37th (?) | SBVO, 33 RA, Aleysk (Altai Territory) | R-36, RS-20 |
| 38th | SAVO, 33 RA, Derzhavinsk (Turgai region of the Kazakh SSR) | R-36, RS-20 |
| 39th Guards Glukhovskaya | SBVO, 33 RA, Pashino (Novosibirsk region) | R-16, "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
| 40th | MVO, 27 RA, Vasilek (Kostroma) | UR-100/100U, RS-22 |
| 41st | SBVO, 33 RA, Smooth (Krasnoyarsk Territory) | UR-100 |
| 42nd | UVO, 31 RA, Upper Sadda (Nizhny Tagil) | R-16, "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
| 43rd Nizhnedneprovskaya | ODVO, 43 RA, Pervomaisk (Nikolaev region) | UR-100/100N, RT-23 |
| 46th | KVO, 43 RA, Kremenchug (Ukrainian SSR) | R-12 |
| 50th | SKVO, since 1972 - PKVO, 43 RA, Khmelnitsky (Ukrainian SSR) | R-12 |
| 51st Guards Oryol-Berlinskaya | Cuba (1962), SBVO, 53 RA, Zeleny (Irkutsk region) | "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
| 52nd | UVO, 31 RA, Zvezdny (Perm region) | RS-22 |
| 53rd (?) | MVO, 27 RA, Ostrov (Pskov region) | "Pioneer" |
| 54th | MVO, 27 RA, Teikovo (Red Sosenki, Ivanovo region) | UR-100, "Poplar" |
| 56th (?) Ternopil-Berlin | UVO, 31 RA, Bershet (Perm region) | R-16, UR-100 |
| 57th | TURBO, 33 RA, Zhangiz-tobe (Kazakh SSR) | R-36, RS-20 |
| 59th | UVO, 31 RA, Kartaly (Lokomotivny, Chelyabinsk region) | R-36, RS-20 |
| 60th Tamanskaya | Far Eastern Military District, Birobidzhan, since 1964 - PVVO, 27 RA, Tatishchevo (Saratov) | UR-100N, RT-23, RS-18, RS-22, "Poplar" |
| 62nd | SBVO, 33 RA, Uzhur (Krasnoyarsk Territory) | R-36, RS-20 |
| 80th | BVO, 50 RA, Belokorovnchi (Belarusian SSR) | R-12, "Pioneer" |
| 83rd Guards Bryansk-Berlin | PBVO, 50 RA, Karmelava (Siauliai, Lithuania) | R-12, "Pioneer" |
3. Some formations of the Strategic Missile Forces with honorary titles and awards transferred from pre-existing formations
| connection no. | Number of formations and units of the period of the Great Patriotic War, their awards and honorary titles transferred to the formations of the Strategic Missile Forces |
| 27th Army | 5th Guards Bomber Vitebsk Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Air Corps |
| 33rd Army | 109th Guards Rifle Borislav-Khingan Red Banner Order of the Suvorov Division |
| 7th division | 7th Guards Rezhitsa Red Banner Rifle Division |
| 8th division | 206th Assault Melitopol Red Banner Aviation Division |
| 14th division | 17th Artillery Kiev-Zhytomyr Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Breakthrough Division |
| 19th division | 7th Zaporozhye Red Banner Order of Suvorov, Kutuzov Artillery Breakthrough Division |
| 24th division | 92nd Guards Mortar Gomel Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov, B. Khmelnitsky Regiment |
| 28th division | 1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Red Banner Division |
| 29th division | 49th Guards Kherson Red Banner Order of Suvorov I, II degree rifle division |
| 30th division | 260th Svir Red Banner Order of Suvorov Assault Aviation Division |
| 33rd division | 265th Fighter Melitopol Red Banner Aviation Division |
| 34th division | 18th Guards Stanislav-Budapest Red Banner Rifle Corps |
| 36th division | 105th Guards Vienna Red Banner Airborne Division |
| 39th division | 1st Guards Artillery Glukhov Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov, B. Khmelnitsky Breakthrough Division |
| 43rd division | 188th Nizhnedneprovsk Red Banner Rifle Division |
| 51st division | 11th Guards Bomber Oryol-Berlin Red Banner Division |
| 52nd division | 23rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Ternopil-Berlin Order of B. Khmelnitsky, Red Star Division |
| 54th division | 46th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Order of Kutuzov Division |
| 60th division | 229th Fighter Tamanskaya Red Banner Aviation Division (in the post-war period was awarded the Order October revolution and it was given the name of the 60th anniversary of the USSR) |
| 83rd division | 14th (then 83rd) Guards Bomber Bryansk-Berlin Red Banner Division |
4 Main factories - manufacturers of missile systems of the Strategic Missile Forces
| Name factory |
Dislocation | Produced missile complexes |
| Southern Machine-Building Plant (No. 586) | Dnepropetrovsk | R-1, R-2, R-5M, R-12, R-14, R-16, R-36, MR-UR-100 |
| mechanical plant | Pavlograd | RT-23 |
| Plant "Progress" (No. 1) | Kuibyshev | R-7, R-9 |
| Perm Machine-Building Plant im. Lenin (No. 1 72), chemical equipment plant | Permian | R-12, RT-2 |
| Strela Production Association (Plant No. 47) | Orenburg | R-12, UR-100 |
| Production association "Polyot" (factory No. 166) | Omsk | R-12, R-16, UR-100 |
| Machine building plant (No. 1001) | Krasnoyarsk | R-14 |
| Machine-building plant them. M.V. Khrunichev | Moscow | UR-100 |
| Machine-building plant them. M.V. Frunze (No. 7) | Leningrad | RT-15 |
| Production Association "Barricades" | Volgograd | "Temp-2S", "Pioneer" |
| Votkinsk plant | Votkinsk | "Pioneer", "Poplar" |
5. Arsenals of weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces
| Dislocation | Dislocation | Dislocation |
| Chrysolite (Ural) | Dodonovo (Krasnoyarsk-26) |
Golovchino (Belgorod-22) |
| Surovatikha | Forest | Zhukovka (Rzhanitsa, Bryansk-18) |
| Pibanshur (Balezino-3) |
Karabash | Chebsara |
| bologne (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) |
Trekhgorny (Yuryuzan) |
Olenegorsk |
| Korfovsky (Khabarovsk) |
Berezovka (Red Army) |
Lower Tura |
| Zalari (Ust-Orda) |
Borisoglebsk | Mozhaisk |
Institutions, research organizations, enterprises and military educational institutions of the Strategic Missile Forces
| Name | Dislocation |
| 4th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense | Moscow |
| central polygon | Rogachevo, Novaya Zemlya |
| 4th State Central Training Ground of the Ministry of Defense (military unit 15644) | Kapustin Yar (Znamensk), Balkhash |
| 45th separate research and testing station (target range of ballistic missiles - Kura range) | Keys (Kamchatka) |
| Training centers for the training of junior specialists | Pereslavl-Zalessky, Ostrov |
| Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces. F.E. Dzerzhinsky | Moscow, Kubinka-2 |
| Rostov Higher Military Command Engineering School of the Missile Forces Chief Marshal of Artillery M.I. Nedelina | Rostov |
| Krasnodar Higher Military Command and Engineering School of the Missile Forces | Krasnodar |
| Stavropol Higher Military Engineering School of Communications | Stavropol |
| Serpukhov Higher Military Engineering School of the Rocket Forces | Serpukhov |
| Perm Higher Military Red Banner Engineering School of the Rocket Forces | Permian |
| 25th Central Military Clinical Hospital | Moscow |
| 1790th separate anti-sabotage battalion | Odintsovo |
| Training Center and Central Institute of Physics and Technology (reported to the 12th Main Directorate) | Sergiev Posad |
Note. The armies and divisions that remained in the Russian Armed Forces by the mid-1990s, as well as their missile systems, are in bold type.
Annex 3.2. Missile systems, consisting
in service with the Rocket Forces
strategic purpose in the period 1947-1991
| Missile brands | Factory index * 3 |
Classi- fictitious NATO |
Combat designation reading |
Status were in operation atation during the period |
Tactical and technical data | ||||
| Range, km | Starting mass, t | The length of the chum salmon, m |
Dia- meter cor- pusa, m |
Power- nuclear- foot combat charge, mega tons |
|||||
| R-1 | 8А11 | SS-1 Scanner |
BRDD | 1949-1954 | 220 | 13,4 | 8,5 | 1,65 | 785 kt (regular) |
| R-2 "Geranium" |
8Ж38 | SS-2 Sibling |
BRDD | 1951-1956 | 600 | 20,4 | 17,7 | 1,65 | 1008 kt (regular) |
| R-5M | 8K51 | SS-3 Shyster |
BRDD | 1956-1960 | 1200 | 29,1 | 20,75 | 1,65 | 0.3 or 1.0 |
| R-7 | 8K71 | SS-6 Sapwood |
ICBM | 1958-1962 | 8000 | 283,0 | 33,0 | 10,3* 1 | 3.0 or 5.0 |
| R-7A | 8K74 | SS-6 Sapwood |
ICBM | 1960-1989 | 9500 | 276,0 | 31,4 | 10,3* 1 | 3 |
| R-12 | 8K63 | SS-4 sandal |
IRBM | 1958-1989 | 2100 | 41,75 | 22,0 | 1,65 | 2,3 |
| R-14 | 8K65 | SS-5 Skean |
IRBM | 1961-1981 | 4500 | 86,0 | 24,3 | 2,4 | 2,3 |
| R-16 | 8K64 | SS-7 saddler |
ICBM | 1961-1972 | 13000 | 140,0 | 34,3 | 3,0 | 3.0 or 5.0 |
| R-9A | 8K75 | SS-8 Sasin |
ICBM | 1964-1977 | 10000 | 80,4 | 24,3 | 2,68 | 3 |
| R-36 | 8K67 | SS-9 scarp |
ICBM silos |
1966-1978 | 15200 | 184,0 | 31,7 | 3,0 | 5 |
| UR-100 | 8K84 | SS-11 Sego |
ICBM silos |
since 1966 | 10600 | 42,3 | 16,8 | 2,0 | 5 |
| RT-15 | 8K96 | SS-X-14 Scapegoat |
IRBM RTOs |
1969-1971 | 2500 | 16,0 | 11,74 | 1,49 | 2,3 |
| RT-2 (RS-12) |
8K98 | SS-13 Savage |
ICBM silos |
1966-1987 | 9400 | 51,0 | 21,0 | 1,5 | 5 |
| "Temp-2S" (RS-14) |
15Zh42 | SS-16 Sinner |
IRBM RTOs |
1976-1986 | 10500 | 41,5 | 18,5 | 1,8 | 3 |
| "Pioneer" (RSD-10) |
15Zh45 | SS-20 Saber |
IRBM RTOs |
1976-1988 | 5000 | 37,0 | 16,5 | 1,8 | 3 |
| R-36M (RS-20A, RS-20B) |
15А14 | SS-18 Satan |
ICBM silos |
since 1974 | 16000 | 211,0 | 34,0 | 3,0 | 3.0 or 5.0 |
| R-36M2 "Voevoda" (RS-20V) |
15A18M | SS-18 Satan |
ICBM silos |
since 1988 | 15000 | 211,0 | 34,3 | 3,0 | 3.0 or 5.0 |
| MR-UR-100 (RS-16A,B) |
15А15 | SS-17 Spanker |
ICBM silos |
since 1975 | 10200 | 71,0 | 21,0 | 2,1 | 3 |
| UR-100N (RS-18A) |
15A30 | SS-19 Stiletto |
ICBM silos |
since 1974 | 10000 | 105,6 | 24,3 | 2,1 | 3 |
| RT-23 (RS-22) |
15Zh52 | SS-24 scalpel |
IRBM BZHRK |
since 1983 | 10000 | 104,0 | 22,0 | 2,4 | 10x3.0 |
| RT-23UTTH "Well done" |
15Ж60 | SS-24 scalpel |
ICBM | since 1988 | 10450 | 104,5 | 22,4 | 2,4 | 10x3.0 |
| RT-21M "Poplar" (RS-12M) |
15Zh58 | SS-25 Sickle |
ICBM RTOs |
since 1985 | 10000 | 104,5 | 21,5 | 1,8 | 3 |
Note. The accepted abbreviations in the combat mission designate: BRDD - long-range ballistic missile, BRDS - medium-range ballistic missile, ICBM - intercontinental ballistic missile, silo - silo launcher, RTO - mobile missile system, BZHRK - combat railway missile system.
_________________________
* 1 - Here is the largest diameter of the "package" of upper stages (as V. Semerikov correctly points out - the "midsection", i.e. the section of the rocket body by a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement, taken in the place where the sectional area is the largest).
* 2 - According to V. Semerikov (I join - ed.), a number of other complexes should also be included in the table. But in general, it is worth thinking about the formation of a complete, generalizing table, in which modifications of the complexes would also be taken into account. But that is no longer within the scope of this post.
* 3 - The second column in the table should have been called "Customer Index", since the indexes were assigned to products in the Ministry of Defense.
| Missile brands | Order index zchika |
Classi- fiction NATO |
Combat designation reading |
Were in operation during the period | Tactical and technical data | ||||
| Dal- distance, km |
Star- mass, T |
The length of the cancer you, m |
Dia- meter cor- pusa, m |
Power- nuclear- foot combat charge, mega tons |
|||||
| MR-UR-100 UTTH (15P016) |
15А16 | SS-17 Mod.1,2 |
ICBM silos |
1978-1995 | 1000-10200 | 71.1 | 22.15 | 2.25 | 4 x 0.5 |
| R-36o | 8K69 | SS-9 Mod 3 Scarp |
OR silos |
1968-1983 | orbi- talny |
181,297 | 32,65 | 3,0 | 2,3 |
Addendum 3. Armed Forces of the USSR
in the Caribbean crisis (June 20 - October 24, 1962)
The most serious crisis since the end of World War II erupted in 1962 around Cuba, although, fortunately, it did not lead to hostilities. But a small but rather strong grouping of the Soviet Army was redeployed in July-October 1962 as a result of the Anadyr operation to the island of Freedom (Appendix 7.1), where the Group of Soviet Forces in Cuba (GSVK) was formed from them under the leadership of the commander of the North Caucasian District of Army General I.A. Pliev. The main strike force of the group was originally the 51st Guards Missile Division, consisting of 8 regiments (created on the basis of the 43rd Missile Army), but the condition for the peaceful resolution of the conflict was precisely its withdrawal, which was done. With this division (which, however, was not fully deployed), other units also lost - 3 motorized rifle regiments (all assigned from the Leningrad District) and 2 regiments cruise missiles, fighter, helicopter and non-deployed bomber (the pilots and maintenance personnel arrived far from being at full strength, and its 32 Il-28 aircraft, which were disassembled, were never fully assembled) air regiments, 11th anti-aircraft division (10th the division, which became a brigade, departed much later). In fact, the 496th motorized rifle regiment remained on the island from fairly large units, deployed into a brigade (later received training status), the 27th air defense division and the GRU radio-electronic center in the city of Lourdes with a long-distance communication center for the Navy (created in 1964). A large load fell on the fleet, mostly civilian, and from the Navy, 5 submarines of the 69th brigade of the Northern Fleet took direct part.
| From species and childbirth troops |
No. and types of parts (without indication of awards and honorary titles) |
Armament |
| Moto- rifle troops |
302, 3 14, 400, 496 motorized rifle regiments | |
| Strategic Missile Forces | 51st Guards Rocket Division (79th, 181st, 664th, 665th, 666th regiments) | 24 launchers for R-12 (36 missiles) 16 launchers for R-14 (24 missiles) |
| 10th anti-aircraft missile division (294th, 318th, 446th regiments) | ||
| 11th anti-aircraft missile division (16th, 276th, 500th regiments) | ||
| air defense | 32nd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment | 40 MiG-21 fighters |
| (?) bomber regiment | 32 Il-28 bombers | |
| 134th separate aviation squadron | 11 aircraft | |
| 437th Helicopter Regiment | 33 Mi-4 helicopters | |
| air force | 561st, 584th regiments of front-line cruise missiles | 16 missiles |
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A- army
abr- artillery brigade
av. - aviation
awd (ae) - aviation division (brigade, squadron)
AVC (WUA) - aviation corps (regiment)
hell (up) - artillery division (artillery regiment)
AK (ak listen)) - army corps
ADIB (adib) - aviation division of fighter-bombers
apib- fighter-bomber regiment
ACS- automated control systems
dietary supplement (bad) - bomber aviation division
bap (tbap) - bomber (heavy) air regiment
BVI (bf) - Belarusian military district (front)
BMP- Infantry fighting vehicle
BMW- White Sea Military District
BRMO- logistics brigade
brmp (bmp) - brigade (battalion) of the Marine Corps
BPL (DPL, DNPL) - brigade (division, division) of submarines
DBK (BZHRK) - combat missile system (railway)
armored personnel carrier- armored personnel carrier
VA- air army
HAC- military Academy
VVO- Voronezh Military District
air force - Air Force
VGK- Supreme High Command
VBR, vdbr- airborne brigade
Airborne- airborne troops
VDD (vdd) - airborne division
VDK, vdk (vdsp) - airborne corps (rifle regiment)
VIA- air fighter army
VIAK- military engineering academy
Navy (naval base) - Navy (naval base)
INTO THE NOSE- air surveillance, warning and communications
IN- military district
VOSO- military messages
VP-Polish Army
a/c- communications troops
WSBV- East Siberian Military District
VTAD (vtad listen)) - military transport aviation division
vtap- military transport aviation regiment
gabr (gap listen)) - howitzer artillery brigade (regiment)
GB- state security
GW- group of troops
guards. guards (s)
gmp- guards mortar regiment
Ghmch- Guards mortar units
GSVG (GSOVG) - Group of Soviet (occupation) troops in Germany
GSVK- Group of Soviet troops in Cuba
GSD (GSD) - mountain rifle division
gsk GSS- mountain rifle corps
GSS- The hero of the USSR
GU- Headquarters
GSh- General Staff of the Soviet Army
dbo (pbo) - division (regiment) of coastal defense
DVO (DVF) - Far Eastern District(front)
DCBF- Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet
dmp (pmp) - division (regiment) of the Marine Corps
dshbr (dshb) - airborne assault brigade (battalion)
WBVO (ZAVO) - Trans-Baikal (Trans-Baikal-Amur) Military District
WKVO- Transcaucasian Military District - Western Group of Forces
ZGV- Western Group of Forces
zrr (zrp) - anti-aircraft missile brigade (regiment)
WCBVO- West Siberian Military District
ZSU- anti-aircraft self-propelled gun
IAD, iad (iae) - fighter aviation division (squadron)
IAK, iac (iap) - fighter aviation (corps, regiment)
Spanish- engineer regiment
QUO- Kiev Military District
KVF- Caspian military flotilla
KZ- Red Banner (th) or the Order of the Red Banner
kk (cd, kp) - cavalry (th) corps (division, regiment)
KMG- horse-mechanized group
KSF- Red Banner Northern Fleet
KTOF- Red Banner Pacific Fleet
KChF- Red Banner Black Sea Fleet
kshm- command vehicle
LVO (LF) - Leningrad Military District (front)
MA (OMA) - mechanized army (Special)
MK (mk) - mechanized corps
MD (md) - mechanized division
mb (mp) - mechanized battalion (regiment)
mbr- mechanized brigade
ICBM- intercontinental ballistic missiles
MVO- Moscow Military District
minp (mdn) - mortar regiment (division)
WAMO- Moscow Air Defense District
MRAD (mrad listen)) - Naval Missile Aviation Division
mrap- Naval Missile Aviation Regiment
MSD (msd) - motorized rifle division
MSBR (MSBR) - motorized rifle brigade
SMEs (SME) - motorized rifle battalion (regiment)
MTAD (mtad) - mine-torpedo aviation division
mtap- mine-torpedo air regiment
research institute (NIIII, SIC) - research (testing) institute (center)
OA- combined arms army
oadn- separate artillery division
obs (obpk, obts, olbs, orb,
orrb, ortb) - a separate communications battalion (underground cable, tropospheric communications, linear, radio, radio relay, radio engineering)
obs and RTO- a separate battalion of communications and radio technical support of the Air Force
ATS- Organization of Warsaw Pact countries
OVO- Odessa Military District
ovp- separate helicopter regiment
oisb- a separate engineer-sapper battalion
OK- Special building
OKSV- limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan
OPA- Separate Maritime Army
ops- separate communications regiment
OSVO- Special military district
OSNAZ (HE) - special purpose ( special purpose)
osapb- separate sapper battalion
otb- separate tank battalion
pabr (dad) - cannon artillery brigade (cannon artillery regiment)
pdp (pdb) - paratrooper regiment (battalion)
PULAD, pulad (pulabr) - machine gun artillery division (brigade)
poolap- machine gun artillery regiment
air defense - air defense
pd (pbr, pp) - infantry division (brigade, regiment)
PL- submarines
PBVO- Baltic Military District
PVVO- Volga Military District
PKVO- Carpathian Military District
PMVO- Primorsky Military District
ATGM (ATGM) - anti-tank guided missiles (or rockets)
PU (silos) - launcher (mine)
RA (rd) - missile army (division)
rap (drape) - reconnaissance aviation regiment (long-range)
rbr- rocket brigade
MIRV IN- split warhead of individual guidance
SSBN- strategic missile submarine
MLRS- multiple launch rocket systems
rtbr (rtp) - radio engineering brigade (radio engineering regiment)
RTO- radio engineering support
electronic warfare - electronic warfare
SA - Soviet army
saber (garden, glanders) - self-propelled artillery brigade (division, regiment)
GARDEN (garden) - mixed aviation division
SAVO- Central Asian Military District
ACS- self-propelled artillery installation
SWVO- Siberian Military District
SW- Ground troops
SC (sk) - rifle corps
SD (sd) - rifle division
cn (Sat) - rifle regiment (battalion)
SKVO- North Caucasian Military District
smap- mixed air regiment
air defense- Steppe Military District
CH (Special Forces) - special purpose
STOP- North Pacific Flotilla
strategic nuclear forces- nuclear deterrence systems
TA - tank army
t/v- tank troops
TAVO- Tauride Military District
TVD- theater of war
TC (tk) - tank corps
TD (td) - tank division
tbr (tr) - tank brigade (company)
tp (tb) - tank regiment (battalion)
tsp (ttsp) - self-propelled tank regiment (heavy)
ttd (ttp) - heavy tank division (regiment)
performance characteristics- performance characteristics
TVO- Turkestan military district
UA- Shock Army
uap (wavp) - training artillery regiment (air regiment)
ATC (updp) - training airborne division (parachute regiment)
umsd (umsp) - training motorized rifle division (regiment)
HVO- Ural Military District
UR- fortified area
US (PUS) communication center (field)
utd (utp) - training tank division (regiment)
UV- Ukrainian front
HVO- Kharkov Military District
CHF- Central Group of Forces
ShAD (shad) - assault aviation division
cap- assault air regiment
YUGV- Southern Group of Forces
SUVO- South Ural Military District
(? ) - needs clarification
* - there is no data
~ - Approximately...
