Airborne troops. History of the Russian landing Alekhin Roman Viktorovich

Paradvertants-attack aircraft

Paradvertants-attack aircraft

In the mid-60s, due to the active development of helicopters (with their amazing opportunity to sit and take off almost anywhere), the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating special military units was originated, which could land with helicopters into the tactical enemy rear in order to promote the coming land forces. Unlike the Airborne Forces, these new parts were supposed to land only by the landing method, and unlike SPN GRU, should have been to act rather large forces, including with the use of armored vehicles and other heavy weapons.

To confirm (or refutation) theoretical conclusions it was necessary to carry out large-scale practical teachings that would put everything in places.

In 1967, during the strategic exercises "Dnipro-67" on the basis of the 51st GW of the PDP, the experimental 1st airborne brigade was formed. He led the brigade by the head of the combat training department of the Airborne Department General Major Kobzar. The brigade on the helicopters settled on the bridgehead on the Dnieper and the task set by it completed. According to the results of the teachings, appropriate conclusions were made, and since 1968, the formation of the first air assault brigades in the Far Eastern and Trans-Baikal military districts begged in the land forces.

Based on the Directive of the General Staff of May 22, 1968 by August 1970 settlements Nikolaevna and the Zolitilis of the Amur region was formed by the 13th, and in the village of Mogocha Khitta region - 11th airport brigades.

Again, as in the very first airborne part (aircraft detachment of the Leningrad Military District), the "land" part received an aviation in its submission - the team management was transferred by two helicopter shelf with an aviation basis, each, which was part of the battalion of the airfield and separate Division of communication and radio engineering.

The structure of the air assault brigades of the first formation was as follows:

Brigade Management;

Three aircraft battalions;

Artillery Division;

Anti-Armenian Division;

Combat helicopter regiment with aviation base;

Transport helicopter regiment with aviation base;

Rear brigade.

Airborne units planted for helicopters were able to land in the form of a landing landing on any site of the operational-tactical theater of hostilities and solve the tasks set by their own with the fire support of combat helicopters. With these brigades, experienced teachings were carried out to develop tactics of using airborne units. On the basis of the experience gained, the General Staff was given recommendations on the improvement of the organizational-staff structure of such divisions.

It was assumed that air assault brigades would act in the tactical defense strip of the enemy. The range on which the battalions of air assault brigades should be planted, did not exceed 70-100 km. In particular, as a confirmation, this is evidenced by the range of work of communications, which entered the armament of aerial assault connections. However, if we consider a specific theater of hostilities, in the area of \u200b\u200bwhich brigades were stationed, it can be assumed that the appointment of the 11th and 13th OVSBR was to promptly close the weakly welded section of the border with China in the event of a Chinese military invasion. On the helicopters, the brigade division could be planted anywhere, while those located in that area (from Mogdagachi to Magdagachi), the motorized rifle shelves of the 67th motorized rifle division could move only by their move along the only roasting road that was very slow. Even after the helicopter regiments were derived from the team (in the late 80s), the team's task was not changed, and the helicopter shelves were always stationed in close proximity.

In the early 1970s, the new name of the brigade was adopted. From now on, they began to be called "ardent assault."

On November 5, 1972, the Directive of the General Staff, and on November 16, 1972, and by order of the Commander of the Transcaucasian Military District, by February 19, 1973, it was decided to form a landing assault brigade in the Caucasian operating direction. In the city of Kutaisi, the 21st separate landing assault brigade was formed.

Thus, by the mid-1970s, three brigades were located in the composition of the so-called airborne turbines:

11th ODSBR (V / h 21460), Radio (n. P. Mogocha Chita region.), As part of: 617th, 618th, 619th ODSB, 329th and 307th OVP;

13th ODSBR (V / h 21463), DVO (n. P. Magdagachi Amur region), consisting of: 620th, 621th (Amazar), 622th Odesb, 825th and 398th OVP ;

21st ODSBR (V / h 31571), Raster (Kutaisi, Georgia), composed of: 802th (in / h 36685, Tsulukidze), 803rd (in / h 55055), 804th (in / H 57351) Odosb, 1059th ODN, 325th and 292th OVP, 1863th ON Sirto, 303th Obao.

Interesting was the fact that the battalions in these compounds were separate parts, whereas in the Airborne Forces, only the regiment was the individual part. From the moment of its formation, until 1983, parachute preparations in these brigades were not envisaged and there was no combat training plans, and therefore the personal composition of the ardent assault brigades carried the form of motorized rifle troops with the corresponding signs of differences. The formation of the airborne temint-assault parts was obtained only with the introduction of parachute jumps in their combat training.

In 1973, the arranged assault brigades included:

Control (on staff 326 people);

Three separate landing assault battalions (on staff in each battalion of 349 people);

Separate artillery division (by state of 171 people);

Aviation group (in the state of only 805 people);

A separate communication and radio-technical distribution division (in terms of 190 people);

Separate airfield battalion (410 people).

New connections have begun active combat schools. It was not without accidents and disasters. In 1976, during major teachings in the 21st brigade, tragedy occurred: two Mi-8 helicopters ran into the air and collapsed to Earth. As a result of the catastrophe, 36 people died. Such tragedies from time to time occurred in all teams - probably it was that terrible tribute to pay for the possession of such highly mobile venues.

The experience gained by new brigades was positive, and therefore the outcome of the 70s, the General Staff decides to form a few more landing assault brigades of front-line (district) subordination, as well as several separate arrangement assault battalions of army subordination. Since the number of newly generated parts and compounds was quite large, the general headquarters went to disband the same airborne division.

Based on the Directive of the General Staff of August 3, 1979 No. 314/3/00746 by December 1, 1979, the 105th Guards Aircraft Vienna Red Banner Division (111st, 345th, 351st, 383rd GW PDP) Deposited in Fergana Uzbek SSR was disbanded. The 345th regiment was reformed in a separate parachute-land regiment and left on the southern operating direction. The personnel of disbanded regiments and individual parts went on the formation of landing assault parts and connections.

On the basis of the 111st GW of the PDP in the city of Osh Kyrgyz SSR, the 14th GW of the Odshbr of the Western Troops with Advanced to the city of Cottbus of the German Democratic Republic was formed. In December 1979, the brigade was renamed the 35th GW of Odshbr. From 1979 to November 1982, the personnel of the brigade was the form of motorized rifle troops. In 1982, the brigade was awarded Martial banner. Prior to that, the brigade had a combat banner of the 111st GW PDP.

On the basis of the 351th GW of the PDP, the 56th GW of Odshbrol Turkvo with a deployment in the village of Azadbash (Chirchik district) of the Uzbek SSR was formed. On the basis of the officers of the 105th GW of the VDD, the 38th separate Guards Vienna Red-known landing and assault brigade in the Belarusian Military District in Brest was formed. The brigade was transferred to the combat banner of the disbanded 105th Guards Vienna Red Banner Airborne Division.

On the basis of the 383 GV PDP in the village of Aktogai Taldy-Kurgan region of the Kazakh SSR for the Central Asian Military District, the 57th separate landing brigade was formed, and the 58th Brigade was formed in Kremenchug for the Kiev Military District (however, it was decided to leave it in the form of a judged part).

For the Leningrad Military District in the village of Garbolovo of the Vsevolozhsky district of the Leningrad Region, with the participation of the personnel of the 234th and 237th Guards Parachute Regiment, the 76th Guards Airborne Division was formed by the 36th separate landing assault brigade, and for the Baltic military County in the city of Chernyakhovsk Kaliningrad region was formed by the 37th separate landing brigade.

On August 3, 1979, the 80th Parachute-landing Order of the Red Star Regiment of the 104th GW of the VDD in the city of Baku was disbanded. The released personal composition was facing the formation of new brigades - in the city of Khyros Staro-Samborsk district of the Lviv region for the Carpathian Military District, the 39th separate Order of the Red Star Assault-Storm Brigade was formed, and 40th was formed in the city of Nikolaev for the Odessa Military District Separate landing brigade.

Thus, in just 1979, nine separate landing assault brigades were formed, which were part of the Western and Asian military districts. By 1980, only twelve landing assault brigades were listed in all of the ground forces:

11th Oddshbr (V / h 32364), Radio, Mogocha;

13th ODSBR (V / h 21463), DVO, Magdagachi, Amazar;

21st ODSBR (V / h 31571), Crowd, Kutaisi;

35th ODSBR (V / h 16407), HSVG, Cottbus;

36th ODSBR (V / h 74980), Lenvo, Garbolovo;

37th ODSBR (V / h 75193), Pribvo, Chernyakhovsk;

38th ODSBR (V / h 92616), Belyvo, Brest;

39th ODSBR (V / h 32351), horses, hyrov;

40th ODSBR (V / h 32461), ODO, Nikolaev;

56th ODSBR (V / h 74507), Turkway, Azadbash, Chirchik;

57th ODSBR (V / h 92618), Savo, Aktogai, Kazakhstan;

58th Oddshbr frame Quo, Kremenchug.

New brigades were formed as lightweight, 3-battalion composition, without helicopter regiments. Now it was ordinary "infantry" parts that have no aviation. In fact, these were tactical parts, whereas until this time three first brigades (11th, 13th and 21st stands) were tactical compounds. Since the beginning of the 80s, the Battalions of the 11th, 13th and 21st brigades ceased to be separate and lost their numbers - brigades from compounds became parts. However, the helicopter shelves remained subordinate to these brigades until 1988, after which they were derived from the subordination of the department of the Brigades in the subordination of the districts.

The structure of new brigades was as follows:

Management (headquarters) of the brigade;

Two parachute battalion;

One landing assault battalion;

Gobichic Artillery Division;

Anti-tank battery;

Anti-artistic battery;

Communication company;

Intelligence rating;

RTBZ company;

Engineering and spernaya company;

Rota material support;

Medical company;

Rota landing.

The number of personnel in the brigades was about 2800 people.

Starting from 1982-1983 in the ardent assault teams began airborne preparationIn this connection, there have been some organizational changes in the structure of the compounds.

In addition to the Brigades in December 1979, separate landing assault battalions were formed, which were to act in the interests of the armies and solve tactical tasks in the near rear of the enemy. In the mid-80s, there was an additional formation of several other battalions. In total, more than twenty such battalions were formed, the full list of which could not be established for me - there were several rod battalions, whose numbers are not in open print. By the mid-1980s, the general and tank armies of the Armed Forces of the USSR were in their composition:

899th Odesb (V / h 61139), 20th GW OA, GSVG, Burg;

900th ODESB (V / h 60370), 8th GW OA, HSVG, Leipzig;

901th ODESB (V / h 49138), CGV, Riechki, then pribvo, Aluksne;

902th ODESB (V / h 61607), Yugv, Hungary, Kechkemet;

903th Odesb 28th OA, Bely, Brest (until 1986), then in Grodno;

904th Odosb (in / h 32352), 13th OA, and Pros, Vladimir-Volynsky;

905th Odosb (V / h 92617), 14th OA, ODO, Bender;

906th ODESB (V / h 75194), 36th OA, Rabbo, Borzya, Hada Bulak;

907th ODESB (V / h 74981), 43rd AK, DVO, Birobidzhan;

908th ODESB 1st GW OA, CVO, Konotop, since 1984 Chernigov, P. Goncharovskoe;

1011th Odesb 5th GW Ta, Bely, Maryina Gorka;

1039th ODESB 11th GV OA, Pribvo, Kaliningrad;

1044th ODESB (V / h 47596), 1st GW TA, GSVG, KOENIGSBRUK, after 1989 - Pribvo, Taurage;

1048th ODESB (in / h 45476), 40th OA, Turkvo, Termez;

1145th ODESB 5th OA, DVO, Sergeevna;

1151th ODESB 7th TA, Bely, Polotsk;

1154th Odessa of the 86th AK, Rasho, Shelekhov;

1156th Odessa 8th, and forged, Novograd-Volynsky;

1179th ODESB (V / h 73665), 6th OA, Lenvo, Petrozavodsk;

1185th ODESB (V / h 55342), 2nd GW TA, GSVG, Ravensbrüc, then pribvo, vyruh;

1603th Odesb 38th OA, and the first one;

1604th ODESB 29th OA, Rabbo, Ulan-Ude;

1605th Odesb 5th OA, DVO, Spassk-Far;

1609th Odesb 39th O Oa, Radio, Kyakhta.

Also in 1982, its landing assault battalions were created in the Navy of the USSR Navy. In particular, on the Pacific Fleet, such a battalion was created on the basis of the 1st battalion marine infantry 165th regiment of the marine infantry of the 55th division. Then such battalions were created in other regions of the division and separate brigadesah on other fleets. These landing and assault battalions of the marines passed airborne preparation and performed parachute jumps. That is why I put them in this narration. The landing assault battalions that are part of the 55th division, their own numbers were not named and were named only through pass-through numbering within their regiment. Battalions in brigades, as separate parts, received their own names:

876th ODESB (V / h 81285) 61st OBRMP, SF, satellite;

879th ODESB (V / h 81280) 336th GW OBRMP, BF, Baltiysk;

881th ODESB 810th OBRMP, ChF, Sevastopol;

1st DSHB of the 165th PMP 55th DMP, Tof, Vladivostok;

1st DSHB of the 390th PMP 55th DMP, Tof, Slavyanka.

Based on the composition of weapons, individual landing and assault battalions were divided into "light", which did not have armored vehicles, and "heavy", which were in service with up to 30 milk and landing machines. Both types of battalions also had in service with 6 mortars with a caliber of 120 mm, six AGS-17 and several PTRS.

Brigades have in its composition three parachute battalions on BMP, BMD or GAZ-66 cars, an artillery division (18 Gaubitz D-30), a anti-tank battery, an anti-aircraft battery, a mortar battery (six 120 mm mortar), intelligence Rota, Communication Communication, Sapper Road, Radiation Service Compass, Chemical Protection Complex, Material Match, Repair Company, Car Road and Medical Item. A separate parachute paratfactory battalion of the brigade consisted of three parachute mouth, mortar battery (4-6 82-mm mortars), grenaderate platoon (6 GRANOMETOMS AGS-17), a platoon of communication, anti-tank platoon (4 SPG-9 and 6 PTRS) and platoon provision.

When passing airborne preparation, the paratrooper service of the landing-assault battalions and the brigades were guided by the PDS DVS documents.

In addition to the brigades and battalions, the General Staff tried another organization of landing assault units. By the mid-1980s, two army corps were formed in the USSR new organization. These enclosures were created with the purpose of using them when expanding the operational breakthrough (it happens that to break through). The new buildings had a brigade structure and consisted of mechanized and tank brigades, and besides this, the buildings of the two-bedtone composition were included in the housing shelves. The shelves were designed to become a "vertical coverage" tool, and in the case they were used together with a helicopter regiment.

In the Belarusian Military District, on the basis of the 120th Guards Motor Storelkaya Division, the 5th Guards Communist Party Army Corps was formed, and the 48th Guards Commercial Army Corps was formed in the Trans-Baikal Military District in Kyakhte on the basis of the 5th Guards Tank Division.

The 5th GW AK received in his composition of the 1318th landing assault regiment (in / h 33508) and the 276th helicopter regiment, and the 48th GW AK received in his composition of the 1319th landing-capacity regiment (V / h 33518) And the 373rd helicopter regiment. However, these parts have long been long. Already in 1989, the Guards Army Corps were again rolled in the division, and the assault assault regions were disbanded.

In 1986, in connection with the creation of bets of the main commanders, another wave of formations of landing assault brigades was held. In addition to existing compounds, four more brigades were formed - by the number of directions. Thus, in submission of the reserve of rates of operational directions to the outcome of 1986, were formed:

23rd ODSBR (V / h 51170), South-West GK, Kremenchug;

83th ODSBR (V / h 54009), GK of Western Direction, Bialogard;

128th ODSBR frame of the South Direction GK, Stavropol;

130th Oddshbr frame (in / h 79715), Far Eastern GC, Abakan.

In total, sixteen landing brigades, of which three (58th, 128th and 130th stands) were kept for the outcome of the 80s, of which three (58th, 128th and 130th and 130th) were kept on the abbreviated staff. In any case, it was a good addition to the existing Airborne Forces and connections. special purpose GRU. No one in the world had such a number of packed troops.

In 1986, large-scale landing exercises were conducted in the Far East, which involved the personnel of the 13th landingrad-person brigade. In August, 32 helicopters Mi-8 and Mi-6, an array assault battalion with increased amplification was planted at the "Petrel" airfield on the island of ITUURUP Kuril Rud. In the same place from the An-12 aircraft, a parachute landing of the brigade intelligence company was also produced. Located units fully completed the tasks set before them. Supporters of entry smoked in the USSR could sleep calmly.

In 1989, the General Headquarters makes the decision to disband individual landing assault battalions of the general and tank armies, and separate landing assault brigades of the district subordination are reorganized into separate airborne brigades and are transmitted to the submission of the Airborne Commander.

By the end of 1991, all separate landing assault battalions (with the exception of the 901th Odosb) were disbanded.

In the same period, due to the collapse of the USSR, strong changes have affected the existing landing and assault connections. Part of the brigades was transferred to the armed forces of Ukraine and Kazakhstan, and the part was simply disbanded.

39th Oddshbr (by this time, the already referred to as the 224th training center of the Airborne Forces), the 58th Oddsbre and the 40th ODSBR were transferred to Ukraine, the 35th ODSBR was removed from Germany to Kazakhstan, where he became part of the Armed Forces of the Republic . The 38th Brigade was transferred to Belarus.

From Poland, the 83rd Brigade was displayed, which throughout the country was translated into a new permanent deployment point - the city of Ussuriysk, Primorsky Krai. At the same time, the 13th Brigade part of the Far Eastern Military District was translated into Orenburg - again almost across the country, only in the opposite direction (a purely economic issue - why?).

The 21st Brigade was translated into Stavropol, and the 128th Brigade was disbanded there. The 57th and 130th brigades were also disbanded.

Run a little ahead, I will say that in the "Russian Time" by the end of 1994 the following parts were listed as part of the Armed Forces:

11th OWDBR of the Trans-Baikal Military District (Ulan-Ude);

13th OWDBR of the Ural Military District (Orenburg);

21st ODBR of the North Caucasus Military District (Stavropol);

36th OWDBR of the Leningrad Military District (Garbolovo);

37th OWDBR North-Western Teas Grouping (Chernyakhovsk);