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Contents: 1. Where is our region and its neighbors. 2. Date of birth of the Irkutsk and Bratsk regions. 3. Population: Russia, region, district. 4. Large cities of the Irkutsk region. 5. Prominent people Irkutsk region. 6. Wealth of the region 7. Coat of arms of the Irkutsk region 8. Forts of the Angara region, the indigenous population of the region.
1 Irkutsk is located in the Asian part of Russia in Eastern Siberia, 5042 km southeast of Moscow, 2887 km northwest of Vladivostok, 520 km north of Ulaanbaatar, and 1650 km northwest of Beijing. Irkutsk is located on both banks of the Angara River at the confluence of the Irkut and Ushakovka rivers, 55 km from the unique site world heritage UNESCO Lake Baikal, on the southern edge of the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo Plain Irkutsk is located in the Asian part of Russia in Eastern Siberia, 5042 km southeast of Moscow, 2887 km northwest of Vladivostok, 520 km north of Ulaanbaatar , and 1650 km northwest of Beijing. Irkutsk is located on both banks of the Angara River at the confluence of the Irkut and Ushakovka rivers, 55 km from the unique UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lake Baikal, on the southern edge of the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo Plain
2. Irkutsk was founded in 1661. Irkutsk was founded in 1661. The Irkutsk fort was founded by the Cossacks under the leadership of Yakov Pokhabov. The fort received its name from the Irkut River, a tributary of the Angara, and Yakov Pokhabov justified the choice of this particular founding site by the fact that ... here is the best place, suitable for arable land and livestock release and hay cuttings and fishing everything is close... Indeed, the place turned out to be so favorable for the development of trade, industrial and expeditionary routes that soon after its founding it was already the most important stronghold for trade with China. The Irkutsk fort was founded by the Cossacks under the leadership of Yakov Pokhabov. The fort got its name from the Irkut River, a tributary of the Angara, and Yakov Pokhabov justified the choice of this particular founding site by the fact that ... here is the best place, suitable for arable land and livestock release, hay cuttings and fishing are all close... Indeed, the place turned out to be so favorable for the development of trade, industrial and expeditionary routes that soon after its founding it was already the most important stronghold for trade with China. Bratsk was founded on December 12, 1631. A group of 40 Cossack explorers, led by Panteley Demidov, founded a small fortress on the Angara River at the mouth of the river. Oka and called it the Brotherly prison. The name comes from the ethnonym Buryat, reinterpreted by the Russians as “brothers”, “brothers”. Bratsk was founded on December 12, 1631. A group of 40 Cossack explorers, led by Panteley Demidov, founded a small fortress on the Angara River at the mouth of the river. Oka and called it the Brotherly prison. The name comes from the ethnonym Buryat, reinterpreted by the Russians as “brothers”, “brothers”.
3. Population of Russia – for 2013, people. The population of the Irkutsk region is 2.5 million people in 2009. Population of the Bratsk district – as of 2010, people
5. People born in the Irkutsk region, who with their work, talent and calling glorified our Siberian region, far beyond its borders. EEEEE vvvv yy inn ii yyyy A A A A lol her kk ss aapa inn ddt rr ooo vvvv ii chchch E E E E vvvv tttt uuuu sh-sh her inn kko ooo - Honored Worker of Culture of the RSFSR AAAA lol her kk ss aapa inn ddt rr V V V Va aapa lol her inn tttt ii inn ooo vvvv ii chchch V V V V aapa mm pp ii lol ooo vvvv - Russian playwright. VVVV aapa lol her inn tttt ii inn G G G G rrr yy yy ooo rrry ee her vvvv ii hchchch R R R Ra aapa ss pp uuuu tttt ii inn - Writer and public figure. DDDD her inn ii ss L L L L her ooo innn ii ddt ooo vvvv ii hchchh M M M Ma aapa vvts uuuu her vvvv - Russian pianist.
6. Riches of the region. On the territory of the region there is the deepest lake in the world, Lake Baikal (its western part). Main rivers: Angara, Lower Tunguska, Lena with tributaries, Vitim. In the Irkutsk region, brown and hard coal, iron ore, gold, rock salt, cement and facing raw materials, refractory clays, kaolin, gypsum, etc. are mined.
The coat of arms of the Irkutsk region is an image of a shield with an image of a babr. The heraldic description of the coat of arms reads: “In a silver field there is a black babr with scarlet eyes, holding a scarlet sable in its mouth.” Irkutsk region shieldbabrababrsobolya Coat of arms of the Irkutsk region shieldbabrababrsobolya The heraldic colors of the coat of arms mean: The heraldic colors of the coat of arms mean: silver truthfulness, innocence, purity; silver truthfulness, innocence, purity; silver black prudence, humility, sadness; black prudence, humility, sadness; black scarlet courage, courage, fearlessness. scarlet courage, courage, fearlessness. scarlet 7
8. Indigenous populations Indigenous peoples on the territory of the Irkutsk region are represented by Buryats, Evenks, and Tofalars. The indigenous non-Russian population, which retained its ethnic territories, native languages and traditional cultural and everyday features, was everywhere involved in close ties with the Russian neighbors who came to the territory in the 17th century. Indigenous peoples in the Irkutsk region are represented by Buryats, Evenks, and Tofalars. The indigenous non-Russian population, who preserved their ethnic territories, native languages and traditional cultural and everyday features, was everywhere involved in close ties with Russian neighbors who came to the territory in the 17th century. Buryat Evenki Tofalaramirussian of the Irkutsk RegionBuryat Evenki Tofalaramirussians
Resources used: rkin_vm_boyarkin_iv_geografiya_irkutskoy_oblasti rkin_vm_boyarkin_iv_geografiya_irkutskoy_oblasti rkin_vm_boyarkin_iv_geografiya_irkutskoy_oblasti rkin_vm_boyarkin_iv_geografiya_irkutskoy_oblasti html html html y_ region
Explanatory note.
This working curriculum is compiled in accordance with the following regulatory documents:
Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” in its current version.
“Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in general educational institutions”, approved by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 No. 189.
Federal state educational standard for basic general education, approved by order of the Ministry
Education of the Russian Federation dated March 5, 2004 N 1089
Document structure.
The work program of the educational subject “History of the Irkutsk Land” is a comprehensive document that includes five sections: an explanatory note of the requirements for the level of students’ training; educational and thematic plan; content of the training course topics; list of educational and methodological support.
Software:
Kosykh A.P., Rabetskaya Z.I. Course program history of the land of Irkutsk. 2004
Textbook: Kosykh A.P., Rabetskaya Z.I. Tutorial for senior classes of educational institutions in the region. – Irkutsk: Irkutsk book publishing house “Symbol”, 2002.
general characteristics educational subject.
Historical local history is one of the most important sources of expanding knowledge about the native land, instilling love for it, and developing citizenship among students.
Local history is a comprehensive study of any territory, carried out on a scientific basis. The objects of study are the socio-economic, political, historical and cultural development of a village, city, district, region. Story native land is considered as part of national history, and local events as a manifestation of the patterns of the historical process. This means that local history material is closely linked with school curriculum courses on the regional component, local history and national history. The course “History of the Land of Irkutsk” will give students an idea of the development of our region from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century. Enriches cultural experience in the field of historical local history.
Place of the item in educational process
To study the subject “History of the Land of Irkutsk” in the 10th grade in the regional component of the basic curriculum, 35 hours per year are allocated, which is 1 hour per week, which corresponds to the author’s program of Z.I. Rabetskaya.
C e l k u r s a: promoting the formation of a person as a spiritual and moral, free self-developing, socially active, creative personality; as a citizen and patriot of his country and small Motherland.
This course goal is realized by solving a number of task:
· Familiarize students with the body of knowledge about the main stages of the historical path of the peoples of the Baikal region, the variety of forms of historical existence and the activities of the inhabitants of Siberia in the past;
· Providing students with the most reliable information possible about the main events, trends and problems of socio-political, socio-economic and cultural development of the Irkutsk region;
· Developing in students the ability to consider events and phenomena of the past and present, using the techniques of historical analysis; apply historical knowledge when considering issues of the history of the native land and assessing modern events;
· Formation of value orientations and beliefs of schoolchildren on the basis of personal understanding of the social, spiritual, moral experience of people in the past and present, nurturing the ideas of humanism, patriotism and mutual understanding between peoples;
· Introducing schoolchildren to the values of national culture, education and respect for the history, culture, traditions of their own and other peoples, the desire to preserve and enhance the cultural heritage of their native land, their country and all humanity.
Requirements for the level of training of students.
Students should know and understand:
periodization of the history of the native land;
spatial and temporal framework of the historical events being studied;
the significance and role of the Irkutsk land in the history of the Fatherland;
historical conditionality of social problems and conflicts in the territory of the native land;
the specifics of the historical path of the Irkutsk region in the history of Russia;
Students must be able to :
search for historical information in various types of sources;
critically analyze the source of historical information;
analyze historical information presented in various sign systems (text, map, table, diagram, audiovisual series);
participate in discussions on historical issues, formulate your own position on the issues under discussion, using historical information for argumentation;
present the results of studying historical material in the forms of a synopsis, abstract, historical essay, summary, review;
Students should use:
use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life.
use historical information for a critical analysis of modernity and the possibility of building your own algorithm of life;
use historical information - facts, opinions, historical descriptions and historical explanations to establish cause-and-effect relationships between phenomena, spatial and temporal frameworks of the historical processes and phenomena being studied
By the end of training in this program, it is assumed that students, having received strong, deep knowledge in the history of the region, they will be able to prepare and deliver messages and reports at history lessons, regional, local history competitions and conferences. The final certification of students can be carried out in the form of a presentation, creative report, defense of a project or creative work, etc.
CURRICULUM PLAN.
| Quantity |
||
| Our land in ancient times | ||
| Baikal region during the Middle Ages | ||
| Land of Irkutsk in the 8th century | ||
| Irkutsk province in the first half of the 19th century | ||
| Irkutsk province in the second half of the 19th century | ||
| Irkutsk land at the beginning of the 20th century | ||
| Between two revolutions | ||
| Revolution and civil war | ||
| Irkutsk land in 1921-1941 | ||
| The Great Patriotic War and post-war construction | ||
| Irkutsk region in 1961-1985 | ||
| Irkutsk region in 1986-2000 | ||
| Repetition | ||
| Total | ||
Introductory lesson
The Irkutsk region is part of Great Russia. The place of Eastern Siberia in the history of mankind, in the history of the Fatherland, is common and unique in our history. The peoples of Siberia, its historical geography: assessment of ethnic and natural factors. The relationship between internal factors and external influences in the development of Russia. The role of the Irkutsk region in geopolitics. Basic concepts: geopolitical position.
Section 1. Irkutsk Land in the distant past
Topic 1. Our land in ancient times.
Old Stone Age: ancient sites; people's homes and occupations; works of art. Mesolithic on the territory of the region: studies; tools; sites of the Mesolithic period (Buret, Malta). Research by A.P. Okladnikov. New Stone Age: improvement of tools; domestication of animals; the importance of hunting and fishing. Neolithic sites. Cave drawings. Basic concepts: Mesolithic; Neolithic; petroglyphs.
Copper-Bronze Age: tools made of copper and bronze, jade, bone and horn; connections with neighboring tribes. Shamanism as a unique phenomenon of spiritual culture. Beginning of the Iron Age(first millennium AD): tools and weapons; blacksmith craft; domestication of wild animals (horse, ram, bull); Iron Age monuments. Basic concepts: Chalcolithic; shamanism; altars.
Section 2. Baikal region during the Middle Ages.
Topic 1. Indigenous people of the Baikal region.
Kurykany. Kurykans are a people of Turkic origin. Resettlement of the Kurykans. Sources of knowledge about the Kurykans. Occupations: cattle breeding, agriculture, blacksmithing. Housing and culture. Semi-nomadic lifestyle. Writing. High level of art. Kurykans are the ancestors of the Buryats. Basic concepts: Kurykany; Khitan; Turks; writing.
Buryats, Evenks, Tofalars. The territory, occupations and social system of the Buryats. Formation of the Buryat people. The transition from the primitive communal system to feudalism. Blood feud. Evenks. Settlement of the Evenki, social relations, housing, clothing, life of the Evenki. Tofalars are a small ethnic group in Eastern Siberia. Reindeer husbandry and hunting are the main occupations of the Tofs and their home. Suglan. Names of cities, villages, geographical places originating from the language of the Buryats, Tofs, Evenks. Basic concepts: Tofalars, Tofs (Karagas); barguts; Buryats; Evenks; ethnos; suglan; shulenga, tent, yurt.
Topic 2. Advancement of Russians to Siberia.
Russian advance into Siberia. Paths of advancement. The first forts: Ilimsky 1630, Ust-Kutsky 1631, Bratsky 1634, Balagansky 1654. Foundation of the Irkutsk fort in 1661, Ya. Pokhabov. Ilimsk Voivodeship: development of agriculture and crafts. The beginning of the Irkutsk Voivodeship. Yasak. The significance of the annexation of the Baikal region to Russia.
The first Christian churches and monasteries. Innokenty Kulchinsky. Development of culture. Description of the land of Irkutsk by Semyon Remezov. Popular unrest of the 17th century. Basic concepts: explorers; prison; yasak; drag; voivodeship
Section 3. Formation and development of capitalist relations in Eastern Siberia.
Topic 1. Baikal region in the 18th century.
Social and economic development of the region. Population growth, its occupations. Moscow tract. Duties of the working people. Development of industry and crafts. Telminsky manufactory. Ilginsky Distillery. The first entrepreneurs of the region. Irkutsk is a provincial city. Management of Irkutsk land. Population. Irkutsk is a center of trade and crafts. Irkutsk merchants. Basic concepts: manufacture; trading and fishing company; “yasak foreigners”; city council; viceroyalty.
Culture. The first schools. Monastic schools, “navigation school”, “civil school”. Theological Seminary. Irkutsk Main Public School. "Famous" people of the 18th century. Exploration of Siberia. Kamchatka expedition of V. Bering. G. F. Miller, I. G. Gmelin, I. Georgi, S. P. Krasheninnikov, E. G. Laksman. A. N. Radishchev in Ilimsk exile. G. I. Shelikhov - “Russian Columbus”. Basic concepts: “Mungal school”; theological Seminary; teacher's seminary; navigation school; ethnography.
Topic 2. Irkutsk province in the first half of the 19th century.
Economic development. Agriculture and peasantry. Forestry. Rural community. Agriculture among the Buryat population. Industry and working people. Development of trade and merchants. Cities of the Baikal region. Urban society. Participation of the population in the Patriotic War of 1812. Raising funds to equip volunteers. Siberian regiments in military operations. Basic concepts: rural community; “classes by condition”; mines; "rural" cities; bourgeois.
Decembrists in Irkutsk province.(2 hours) Names of the Decembrists and their places of residence. M. S. Lunin, F. B. Wolf, V. F. Raevsky, S. G. Volkonsky, S. P. Trubetskoy, Muravyov brothers. The wives of the Decembrists and their participation in the cultural life of the province. The contribution of the Decembrists to the development of Siberia. Basic concepts: forwarding point; settlers; political hard labor; Decembrist evenings.
East Siberian General Government. Governor General of Siberia. M. M. Speransky and his transformations in the management of Siberia. Governor General of Eastern Siberia N. N. Muravyov - Amursky. Aigun and Beijing treaties. Enlightenment and education in the first half of the 19th century. Opening of educational institutions. Irkutsk Syrupital House of E.M. Medvedkova. Irkutsk is the administrative and cultural center of Eastern Siberia. Architecture of Irkutsk. Life and everyday life of Irkutsk residents. “Famous” people of the region: G. S. Batenkov, P. I. Pezhemsky, E. A. Avdeeva - Polevaya, M. I. Peskov. Basic concepts: general - governorship; province; districts; volosts
Topic 3. Irkutsk province in the second half of the 19th century.
Economy of the region. The flow of settlers after the reform of 1861. Improvement of agricultural tools. The development of capitalist relations in the village, social stratification. Captive form of land tenure. Industrial development. Formation of the working class. Private capital. Gold mining is the most profitable industry. The beginning of the development of the coal industry. Khaitinsky porcelain factory. Siberia is a storehouse of valuable raw materials. Economy of the indigenous population. Reorganization of management. Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Development of communications. Trade and merchants. Trade routes. Development of trade turnover. Famous Irkutsk merchants: Basnins, Sibiryakovs, Trapeznikovs, Belogolovs. Philistinism. Basic
Public life. Irkutsk is the center of public life. M. V. Zagoskin. V. I. Vagin. The role of political exiles in the social life of the region. A. P. Shchapov. K. G. Neustroev. Publishing newspapers. Alexandrovsky Central. Polish exiles. Basic concepts: movement of “regionalists”; colonial policy; "Alexandrovsky Central"; Petrashevtsy; populists; Marxists; Social Democrats.
Cultural life our region. Enlightenment and education. Opening of new educational institutions. Teachers and organizers of public education. Scientific and technical life in the province. Literature. Public library. Theater and artistic life. V. P. Sukachev. Construction in Irkutsk, city architecture. Changes in the architectural appearance of the city after the fire of 1879. Construction in the province. Cultural monuments of the Angara region. Basic concepts: syrup house; Maecenas; VSORGO; eclecticism; Russian Baroque; Russian - Byzantine style.
Section 4. Irkutsk land in the 20th – early 21st centuries.
Topic 1. Irkutsk land at the beginning of the 20th century.
Economy of the region. The contradictory influence of the railway on the development of the territory. Level of industrial development. The government's attitude to industrial development in Siberia. Monopolization of production. The situation of workers at the enterprises of the province. Agriculture. Relocation to Siberia. Involvement of peasant farms in market relations. Stratification of the peasantry. The influence of the Russo-Japanese War on the situation of the working population of Siberia. Basic concepts: monopoly capitalism; diversity of the economy; classes; estates; market relations.
Socio-political development of the region at the beginning of the 20th century. Labor movement: growth of the strike movement; transition to political demands. Irkutsk social democracy. Socialist organizations. Political exiles of Balagansky district (I.V. Stalin, P.P. Postyshev). Revolutionary actions in the province in 1905-1907. The beginning of the revolution. October political strike. Revolution and the army. Peasant struggle. National movement. Decline of the revolutionary struggle.
Basic concepts: opposition; revolutionaries; social democrats; strike.
Topic 2. Between two revolutions.
Economic situation of the province. Industry. Deepening monopolization of production and capital, growth of share capital. Agriculture. Agrarian policy of the government of A.P. Stolypin. Peasant movement. Irkutsk Cossacks. Further stratification of the peasantry. Prosperous Siberian economy. Labor movement in Irkutsk province. The tension in the Lena mines. Start of the strike. Strikers' demands. Lena execution of 1912. Consequences of the Lensky shooting. Social and political life. Political parties, public organizations and public associations. Periodicals. During the First World War. The impact of the war on the economy of the Irkutsk province. Intensification of the class struggle. Hunger riots, strikes. The socio-political situation in the region on the eve of 1917. Basic concepts: resettlement policy; agrarian question; share capital; stratification of the peasantry; World War.
Culture of the province at the beginning of the 20th century. Education. Scientific life. V. A. Obruchev, A. P. Shchapov, N. S. Romanov, A. M. Sibiryakov. Literature. Theater, music, cinema. Artistic life. Monument to Emperor Alexander 111. Picture gallery of V. P. Sukachev. Architecture. Basic concepts: zemstvo schools; commercial schools; archival scientific commission.
Topic 3. Revolution and civil war / 1917 – 1920
Events of 1917. Attitude of the population of the province to the February revolution. The rise of the national liberation and social movement. October in Irkutsk. Officer-cadet uprising in December 1917. Confirmation of Soviet power. Basic concepts: development alternative; bourgeois-democratic revolution; socialist revolution; national liberation movement; dual power.
During the years of the civil war. The beginning of the Civil War and military intervention. The power of the Provisional Siberian Government. Establishment of the dictatorship of A.V. Kolchak. Partisan movement. Events of the Civil War on the territory of the Ust-Udinsky and Balagansky districts. The defeat of Kolchak. Establishment of Soviet power. Basic concepts: civil war; military intervention; red and white terror; dictatorship.
Topic 4. Irkutsk land in 1921 - 1941.
Social and political situation after the civil war. Public organizations and movements. Establishment of undivided dominance in the power structures of the Bolsheviks. Centralization of economic management. Economic recovery. Industry situation . Nationalization. Situation in the village: activities of food detachments; the revival of communes; assistance to the starving people of the Volga region. Transition to NEP. Competition between enterprises. Trade. The growth of capitalist relations in the countryside. Contradictions and difficulties during the NEP period. Results economic activity. Basic concepts: nationalization; NEP; tax in kind; competition; consumer cooperation; communes.
The Soviet model of modernization in Eastern Siberia. Industrialization. Beginning of industrialization . The first-born of the industry is a metal plant (plant named after V.V. Kuibyshev). Construction of an aircraft factory. Socialist competition. Results and lessons of industrialization. Problems and contradictions. Collectivization. The beginning of mass collectivization. Features of collectivization in the Baikal region. Organization of collective farm life. Collectivization on the territory of the Ust-Udinsky region. Collective farms before the war. Social and political situation in the 30s and 40s. GULAG on Irkutsk land. Bloody 1937. "Public Enemies". Basic concepts: modernization; industrialization; collectivization; socialist competition; "fist"; counter-revolutionary; GULAG; repression; NKVD.
Changes in the sphere of culture. The fight against illiteracy. School education. Vocational and technical education. Science in the 20s - 40s. Cultural and educational life: radio, print, cinema. Literature. I. Utkin, P. P. Petrov, I. Molchanov-Sibirsky, I. Goldberg, In. Lugovskoy, K. Sedykh and others. Theater. N. P. Okhlopkov. Artistic life. Art Museum. Associations of artists. Basic concepts: Gubgramcheka; health centers.
Topic 5.
The leading edge is deep in the rear. The Fatherland is in danger. Restructuring the economy on a war footing. Feat on the Siberian Field. Nationwide assistance to the front. Science and culture are at the forefront. Fellow villagers are home front workers. Irkutsk residents in battles for their homeland. The heroism of Irkutsk residents on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War: defeat German army near Moscow (78th Far Eastern Rifle Division under the command of A.P. Beloborodov; 93rd East Siberian Rifle Division; 82nd Motorized Rifle Division); participation in the battles for Sevastopol, Stalingrad, on the Kursk Bulge; crossing of the Dnieper (heroes from Ustudino S.V. Tereshchenko, V.K. Belomestnykh); liberation of Eastern Europe(a native of the village of Ust-Uda A. M. Andreev); Berlin operation. Our fellow countrymen are participants in the war with Japan. Fellow villagers are participants in the Great Patriotic War. The greatness of our victory. Basic concepts: Patriotic War; mobilization; evacuation; guards division; Wehrmacht; militaristic state; surrender;
Social and economic development of the Irkutsk region (1946 – 1960) The state of the economy in the post-war period. A new stage of industrial development of the economy. Construction of new enterprises: Angarsk Petrochemical Plant; Bratsk and Mamakan hydroelectric power stations; Korshunovsky Mining and Processing Plant; Irkutsk Aluminum Plant; Irkutsk television center; Baikal pulp mill; Siberian cities. The beginning of BAM. Difficulties Agriculture. Results of the development of industry and agriculture in the region by 1960 Socio-political situation and cultural life. Post-war repressions. "Renaissance" of the Irkutsk Gulag. Strengthening party dictatorship. The influence of the 20th Congress of the CPSU on the public life of the region. Education and science. Literature. G. Kungurov, M. Sergeev, P. Malyarevsky, K. Sedykh, G. Markov. Theater. Painting. Cities. Basic concepts: industrialization; MTS; shortage of labor resources; "virgin" area; repression; the apogee of Stalinism; rehabilitation; universal education
Topic 6. Irkutsk region in 1961 – 1985.
Social and economic development of the Irkutsk region. Territorial production complexes (TPCs) are a new form of industrial development of the economy. Bratsko-Ilimsk TPK; Verkhnee – Lensky TPK; Angaro - Usolsky industrial hub; Scope of capital construction. Bratsk hydroelectric power station; BRAZ; Ust-Ilimskaya HPP; Ust-Ilimsk timber processing plant; furniture company "Baikal"; BAM; oil refineries; shoe company "Angara"; and others. Results and lessons of the new stage of industrialization of the region. Transformations in the agricultural sector of the region. Consolidation of collective farms. Increase in the share of state farms. Deepening production specialization. Reasons for the lag of the agricultural sector. Basic concepts: TPK; industrial hub; virgin soil; ecological problems.
Social and political life. The leading role of party committees. The split of society into Stalinists and anti-Stalinists. Periodicals. Support for the human rights movement. Contradictions in public life and the decline in the authority of the CPSU. Basic concepts: cult of personality; "Thaw"; neo-Stalinism; dissidents; human rights activists; "Developed socialism."
Cultural life of society. Science: formation of a new center of science; construction of an academic campus; Computer center; scientific fields. School and education. Reform of public education. Professional education. Literature and art. The writer is fellow countryman V. G. Rasputin. A. V. Vampilov. Problems of cultural life. Indigenous population of the region. Life, everyday life, production activities, culture of the indigenous population. Administrative-territorial structure: Tofalaria; Ust-Ordynsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug, Katangsky district. Basic concepts: scientific and technological revolution; reform of secondary and vocational schools; aimag; Orthodoxy; Buddhism; datsan; lama.
Lesson on learning new material with elements of generalization
Topic 7. Irkutsk region in 1986 – 2008.
Political and cultural life of the region. Restructuring steps in the region. Local authority. Governor Yu. A. Nozhikov. Legislative Assembly of the region. City Council. B. A. Govorin. Economic, political, ideological changes. Governor A. Tishanin. The process of unification of the Ust-Orda Buryat district and the Irkutsk region. Elections to the State Duma in 2007 in the region. Elections of the President of the Russian Federation. Basic concepts: Perestroika; publicity; Legislative Assembly; City Council; governor; referendum.
On the path of economic reforms. Transition to the market. Crisis in the economy. Changes in the social structure of the region's population. Falling standard of living. Unemployment. The beginning of an economic recovery. Economic development of the region in the 21st century. Development prospects. International connections. Basic concepts: voucher; price liberalization; privatization; market; shareholder; farmer; inflation.
The program provides for the study of the history of the region from the standpoint of a modern vision of the historical process, the study of historical local history as an integral part of the history of the Fatherland. In the classroom, much attention is paid to the present, inextricable ties with the past are traced, the beginnings of historical thinking are laid, and targeted work is carried out to make each high school student aware of his personal connection with the history of the Motherland.
To achieve these goals, it is planned to widely involve local material and publications in the media.
Schoolchildren gain knowledge of local history in the classroom as the teacher presents educational material or works with textbooks, documents, as well as through scientific - research work.
During the lessons it is expected to use:
1. To activate mental activity:
modeling
role-playing game
3.To solve problematic problems:
event analysis
analysis of conditions
development analysis
4.For feedback and control:
test papers
5.For written work:
6.ICT in the classroom:
search for information
use of electronic textbooks, illustrations
working with tests for control tasks
educational presentations
Basic skills acquired and developed during the course:
Name the dates of the most important events, chronological frameworks, draw up logical and synchronistic tables, characterize periods in the development of historical processes;
Describe historical events;
Find, organize and analyze historical information in one or more sources;
Consider events and phenomena from the point of view of their historical nature and belonging to a specific people and specific historical era;
Compare different versions and assessments of historical events and personalities, determine and justify your point of view, mastering logical methods of reasoning and evidence based on historical material;
Gain experience in active development of historical and cultural heritage own region, mastering research skills;
Compose theses, notes, write an abstract, convey your information to the audience.
calendar-thematic planning
| Lesson topic | Lesson type | Requirements for knowledge, skills and abilities of students | Control | the date of the |
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| Our land in ancient times – 1 hour |
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| Our land in ancient times. | Lesson-lecture | To acquaint students with the peculiarities of the development of the Irkutsk land in ancient times | Know: parking ancient man on the territory of the region of the Mesolithic, Neolithic, Paleolithic periods. Be able to characterize the features of the life of ancient man. | Notes in a notebook. | |||
| Baikal region during the Middle Ages – 2 hours |
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| Indigenous population of the Irkutsk province. | Learning new material | To characterize the features of the life of peoples of different nationalities living in the Irkutsk region. | Know the peculiarities of life of the Kurykans, Evenks, Buryats, Tofalars. | Comparison table. | |||
| The annexation of the “Bratska zemlitsa”. The first Christian churches and monasteries. Popular unrest. | Learning new material | Consider the features of the annexation of Siberia to Russia, identify the causes of popular unrest. | Know the dates of construction of forts on the territory of the Irkutsk region. Be able to characterize the causes of folk unrest | Oral survey | |||
| Land of Irkutsk inXVIIIcentury - 3 hours |
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| Socio-economic development of the region in the 18th century. | Learning new material | Characterize the social and cultural development of Irkutsk land in the 18th century. | Be able to characterize the importance of education for the development of the province. | Abstract. | |||
| Irkutsk-provincial city. The first schools. | Learning new material | ||||||
| Famous people of the 18th century. | Lesson-seminar | Show the importance of the activities of A.N. Radishchev and G.I. Shelikhov for the development of the Irkutsk land. | Know the names of scientists who visited the Irkutsk province in the 18th century. Be able to characterize the contribution of N. Radishchev, G.I. Shelikhov to the development of our region. | Presentations about N. Radishchev and G.I. Shelikhov. | |||
| Irkutsk province in the first halfXIXcenturies -3 hours |
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| Irkutsk province in the first half of the 19th century: economic development, participation of the population in the Patriotic War of 1812. | Learning new material. | Describe the development of the economy in the first half of the 19th century. Show the importance of Siberians in the Patriotic War of 1812. | Know the features of the economic development of the Irkutsk province in the first half of the 19th century. | Oral survey. | |||
| Learning new material. | Consider the significance of the activities of the Decembrists in the Irkutsk province. Characterize the activities of M.M. Speransky. | Know the names of the Decembrists and the contribution they made to the development of the province. | Oral survey. | ||||
| Enlightenment and education in the first half of the 19th century. Irkutsk is an administrative and cultural center. | Learning new material | Characterize the cultural life of the Irkutsk province in the first half of the 19th century. | Know the features of the development of education in the first half of the 19th century. | Abstract. | |||
| Irkutsk province in the second halfXIXcenturies -5 hours |
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| Irkutsk province in the second half of the 19th century. Economy and economy of the indigenous population. | Learning new material. | Consider the features of the economic development of the Irkutsk province in the second half of the 19th century. | Know the features of economic development in the second half of the 19th century. | Reports from students. | |||
| Trade and merchants in the Irkutsk province. Siberian railway and communications. | Learning new material. | Identify the features of trade development. Consider the significance of the construction of the railway. | Know the states with which trade relations were developed in the second half of the 19th century. | Oral survey. | |||
| Lesson-seminar. | Consider activities public figures: V.I.Vagina, N.M.Yadrintseva, G.N.Potanina. | The significance of Vagin’s activities on the development of the province. | |||||
| Polish exiles. Enlightenment and education. | Learning new material. | Characterize the causes and consequences of the Polish exile. Describe the development of enlightenment and education. | Oral survey. | ||||
| Scientific and technical life in the province. Literary and theatrical life. | Lesson-seminar. | Consider the features of the development of scientific, technical and cultural life of the province. | Know about the activities of VSORGO and VSORTO. Be able to characterize the development of the cultural life of the province in the second half of the 19th century. | Reports, presentations. | |||
| Irkutsk land at the beginningXXcenturies – 3 hours |
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| Irkutsk land at the beginning of the 20th century. Economy | Learning new material. | Describe the features of economic development at the beginning of the 20th century. | Know the features of the development of agriculture and industry. | Oral survey. | |||
| The labor movement and Irkutsk social democracy on the eve of the revolution of 1905-1907. | Learning new material. | Characterize the activities of the Social Democrats on the eve of the revolution of 1905-1907. | Know the situation of workers at enterprises in the province. | Abstract. | |||
| Revolutionary actions in the province in 1905-1907. | Lesson-seminar. | Consider the significance of the first Russian revolution for the Irkutsk province. | Know the causes of the revolution, political organizations, results of the revolution. | Reports, presentations. | |||
| Between two revolutions - 5 hours |
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| Between two revolutions. Peasantry and Cossacks. | Learning new material. | Describe the significance of the Stolypin agrarian reform for our region. | Know the reasons for the resettlement of peasants to the Irkutsk province. Be able to characterize the results of the Stolypin agrarian reform for our region. | Abstract. | |||
| The economic situation of the province between two revolutions. | Learning new material. | Consider the features of economic development. | Know the difficulties of workers and peasants that led to the Lena events. | Abstract. | |||
| Lena execution of 1912 | Learning new material. | Describe the events of 1912. | Know the reasons and course of events of the Lena unrest. Be able to name the results of the Lena speeches. | Table "Lena execution" | |||
| Social and political life and culture of the Irkutsk province at the beginning of the 20th century. | Lesson-seminar. | Consider the features of the socio-political and cultural life of the province. | Know the position political parties after the revolution of 1905=1907. | Abstract. | |||
| Irkutsk region during the First World War. | Learning new material. | Consider the contribution of the residents of the Irkutsk province to the First World War. | Be able to characterize the impact of the First World War on the economy of the Irkutsk province. | Oral survey. | |||
| Revolution and Civil War (1917-1920) – 1 hour |
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| Revolution and civil war (1917 – 1920). 1917 in the Irkutsk province. During the years of the civil war. | Learning new material. | Characterize the rise of the national liberation movement in the Irkutsk province. Consider the features of the development of the province during the Civil War. | Know the main events of the revolutionary movement in the Irkutsk province. Know the stages of the Civil War. | Oral survey. | |||
| Irkutsk land in 1921-1941. - 4 hours |
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| Irkutsk land in 1921 - 1941. Socio-political situation after the Civil War | Learning new material. | Consider the features of the development of the province in the first years of Soviet power. | Know the features of the establishment of Soviet power. | ||||
| Economic recovery. Agriculture. Industrial development: successes and difficulties. | Learning new material. | Consider the features of the economic development of the province in 1021-1941. | Know the principles of development of agriculture and industry | ||||
| Collectivization: how it happened. | Learning new material. | Consider the features of collectivization in the Irkutsk province. | Know the stages of collectivization and its results. | Abstract. | |||
| Socio-political situation in the 30-40s. Development of culture. | Learning new material. | Consider the impact of political repression on the life of the region. Describe the features of cultural life. | Know the results of the repressions. | Questions on p. 244-245. | |||
| The Great Patriotic War and post-war construction (1941-1960) – 2 hours. |
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| The Great Patriotic War and post-war construction. | Lesson-seminar | Reports, presentations. | |||||
| The Great Patriotic War and post-war construction. | Lesson-seminar | Describe the contribution of Siberians to the Victory in the Second World War. | Know the features of the development of the region during the Second World War. Be able to characterize the contribution of Irkutsk residents to the common Victory. | Reports, presentations. | |||
| Irkutsk region in 1961-1985. - 3 hours |
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| Territorial production complexes. Development of industry and agriculture in 1961-1985. | Learning new material. | Consider the features of economic development after the Second World War. | Know the stages of development of the Irkutsk region after the Second World War. | Abstract. | |||
| Cultural life of the Irkutsk region in 1961-1985. | Lesson-seminar. | Consider the features of the development of cultural life after the Second World War. | Know the features of the development of cultural life after the Second World War. | ||||
| Economic and socio-political life of the Irkutsk region in 1961-1985. | Learning new material. | Consider the features of the development of the economic and socio-political life of the region in 1961-1985. | Know the features of the development of the economic and socio-political life of the region in 1961-1985. | Abstract. | |||
| Irkutsk region in 1986-2008. - 2 hours. |
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| Irkutsk region in 1986 – 2008. Political and cultural life. | Learning new material. | Consider the features of the development of the political and cultural life of the region in 1986-2008. | Know the features of the development of the political and cultural life of the region in 1986-2008. | ||||
| Economic reforms in the Irkutsk region in 1986-2008. | Learning new material. | Consider the features of economic development of the region in 1986-2008. | Know the features of the region's economy in 1986-2008. | ||||
| Repeating and generalizing lesson | |||||||
LOGISTICS AND INFORMATION AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT
The computer provides students with multimedia capabilities.
The projector increases the level of visibility in the teacher’s work, allows students to present the results of their work to the whole class, and increases the efficiency of organizational and administrative performances.
Printer – allows you to record on paper information found and created by students or the teacher.
A music center, TV, DVD make it possible to include information images of the surrounding world in the educational process, to use a large number of illustrative material.
Tutorials:
1. Kosykh A. P., Rabetskaya Z. I, Sverlik G. I. History of the Irkutsk Land: a textbook for senior classes of educational institutions in the region. Irkutsk: Irkutsk book publishing house “Symbol”, 2002.
2. Frolova S. A. Historical atlas. Irkutsk region. Moscow: DIK Publishing House, with the participation of the Drofa Publishing House. 2000.
Literature:
1. Aganbegyan A., Ibragimov Z. Siberia firsthand. M., 1881.
2. Kilesso G. T. Street named after... Irkutsk: East Siberian book. Publishing house, 1984.
3. Kuznetsov I. I. Golden stars of Irkutsk. Irkutsk: East Siberian book. Publishing house, 1982.
4. Kuznetsov I. I., Kuznetsova T. P. Young patriots of Eastern Siberia during the Great Patriotic War. Irkutsk: Irkutsk University Publishing House, 1985.
5. Kosykh A.P., Panov V.N., Tyukavkin V.G. History of the Irkutsk region. Irkutsk, 1983.
6. Sergeev M. Irkutsk. Three centuries. Pages of life. Irkutsk: East Siberian book. publishing house, 1986
7. Sutormin A.G. At the Victory Parade. Irkutsk: East Siberian book. Publishing house, 1985.
8. Petrov I. F. Obelisks of glory. Irkutsk: East Siberian Book Publishing House, 1984.
9. Khafizov R.Z. Glory - not to fade, traditions - to live! Irkutsk: Symbol Publishing House, 2002.
10. Shinkarev L. Siberia. Where did she come from and where is she going. Irkutsk: East Siberian book. Publishing house, 1974.
Additional literature:
Lezhnenko I. Bridge between the past and the future - Irkutsk Land. 2000, No. 12. P. 47-50
Reader on the history of the Irkutsk region / ed. A.P. Kosykh. Irkutsk, 1969
Dulov A.V. Monuments of history and culture of Irkutsk-Irkutsk, 1993
Sitnikov L.A. Grigory Shelikhov. Irkutsk, 1990.
Romanov N.S. Chronicle of the city of Irkutsk for 1881-1901. Irkutsk, 1993.
Kolmakov Yu.P. Irkutsk Chronicle 1661-1940-Irkutsk, 2003
Popov I.I. Forgotten Irkutsk pages - Irkutsk, 1989
Vinokurov M.A., Sukhodolov A.P. Economy of Siberia 1920-1928 - Novosibirsk 1996
Irkutsk: three centuries. Irkutsk, 1986
Dulov V.I. Peasantry of Siberia during the years of the first Russian revolution - Irkutsk 1956
Bengarova I. History of the peoples living around Lake Baikal - Irkutsk, 2007
Municipal state educational institution
average comprehensive school With. Narrow Meadow
REVIEWED: APPROVED:
At a meeting of the pedagogical council, Director of the MCOU secondary school. Narrow Meadow
Protocol No. __ dated “___” ___________ 2016 _____________ Skvortsov I.A.
Order No. ___ dated “___”_________2016
WORKING PROGRAMM
optional course “History of the Irkutsk Land”
(academic subject, course, discipline)
Educational field: social studies
Level of education: basic general, 10-11 grade
Number of hours: 68
Designed by:
Kharchenko O.I.
a history teacher
2016
Explanatory note.
This working curriculum is compiled in accordance with the following regulatory documents:
Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” in its current version.
“Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in general educational institutions”, approved by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 No. 189.
Federal state educational standard for basic general education, approved by order Ministries
Education of the Russian Federation dated March 5, 2004 N 1089
Document structure.
The work program of the educational subject “History of the Irkutsk Land” is a comprehensive document that includes five sections: an explanatory note of the requirements for the level of students’ training; educational and thematic plan; content of the training course topics; list of educational and methodological support.
Software:
Kosykh A.P., Rabetskaya Z.I. Course program history of the land of Irkutsk. 2004
Textbook: Kosykh A.P., Rabetskaya Z.I. Textbook for senior classes of general education institutions in the region. – Irkutsk: Irkutsk book publishing house “Symbol”, 2002.
General characteristics of the educational subject.
Historical local history is one of the most important sources of expanding knowledge about the native land, instilling love for it, and developing citizenship among students.
Local history is a comprehensive study of any territory, carried out on a scientific basis. The objects of study are the socio-economic, political, historical and cultural development of a village, city, district, region. The history of the native land is considered as part of national history, and local events as a manifestation of the patterns of the historical process. This means that local history material is closely linked with school curriculum courses on the regional component, local history and national history. The course “History of the Land of Irkutsk” will give students an idea of the development of our region from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century. Enriches cultural experience in the field of historical local history.
Place of the subject in the educational process
To study the subject “History of the Land of Irkutsk” in grades 10-11 in the regional component of the basic curriculum, 34 hours per year are allocated in each class, which is 1 hour per week, which corresponds to the author’s program of Z.I. Rabetskaya.
Purpose of the course: promoting the formation of a person as a spiritual and moral, free self-developing, socially active, creative personality; as a citizen and patriot of his country and small Motherland.
This course goal is realized by solving a number oftasks: :
· Familiarizing students with a body of knowledge about the main stages of the historical path of the peoples of the Baikal region, the diversity of forms of historical existence and the activities of the inhabitants of Siberia in the past;
· Providing students with the most reliable information possible about the main events, trends and problems of socio-political, socio-economic and cultural development of the Irkutsk region;
· Developing in students the ability to consider events and phenomena of the past and present, using the techniques of historical analysis; apply historical knowledge when considering issues of the history of the native land and assessing modern events;
· Formation of value orientations and beliefs of schoolchildren on the basis of personal understanding of the social, spiritual, moral experience of people in the past and present, nurturing the ideas of humanism, patriotism and mutual understanding between peoples;
· Introducing schoolchildren to the values of national culture, education and respect for the history, culture, traditions of their own and other peoples, the desire to preserve and enhance the cultural heritage of their native land, their country and all humanity.
Requirements for the level of training of students.
Students should know and understand:
periodization of the history of the native land;
spatial and temporal framework of the historical events being studied;
the significance and role of the Irkutsk land in the history of the Fatherland;
historical conditionality of social problems and conflicts in the territory of the native land;
the specifics of the historical path of the Irkutsk region in the history of Russia;
Students must be able to:
search for historical information in various types of sources;
critically analyze the source of historical information;
analyze historical information presented in various sign systems (text, map, table, diagram, audiovisual series);
participate in discussions on historical issues, formulate your own position on the issues under discussion, using historical information for argumentation;
present the results of studying historical material in the forms of a synopsis, abstract, historical essay, summary, review;
Students should use:
use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life.
use historical information for a critical analysis of modernity and the possibility of building your own algorithm of life;
use historical information - facts, opinions, historical descriptions and historical explanations to establish cause-and-effect relationships between phenomena, spatial and temporal frameworks of the historical processes and phenomena being studied
By the end of training in this program, it is assumed that students, having received a solid, in-depth knowledge of the history of the region, will be able to prepare and deliver messages and reports at history lessons, regional, local history competitions and conferences. The final certification of students can be carried out in the form of a presentation, creative report, defense of a project or creative work, etc.
Introduction. (1 hour)
Geographical and territorial space of the Irkutsk region, population composition, economic potential, place in the history and economy of Russia and Siberia. Contribution to the culture of the country. The need to know the history of the Irkutsk region. Historiography.
Section 1. Our land in ancient times. (4 hours)
Angara region during the Paleolithic period. Archaeological sites in the region: Irkutsk, Bratsk, Verkholensk, Malta, Buret. Climate, vegetation and animal world, dwellings and main occupations of people of the Old Stone Age, works of art.
Angara region during the Mesolithic period. Human sites of the Mesolithic era in the region: Ust-Belaya, Sosnovy Bor, Shishkino, Kamenka, Lisikha (Irkutsk), Sukhovskaya, Badai, Igirma, etc. Tools of labor, burials, occupations.
Angara region during the Neolithic period . Neolithic sites. Improvement of tools, activities. Caves. Drawings. Characteristics of the physical data of a person of the Neolithic period.
Angara region of the Chalcolithic period . Archaeological excavations of Glazkovo (Irkutsk), Angara, Lena. The appearance of copper and bronze. Tools, objects, decorations. People's occupations. Change of gender. Cult of animals. Shamanism.
Old Stone Age : ancient sites; people's homes and occupations; works of art. Mesolithic on the territory of the region: studies; tools; sites of the Mesolithic period (Buret, Malta). Research by A.P. Okladnikov.
New Stone Age : improvement of tools; domestication of animals; the importance of hunting and fishing. Neolithic sites. Cave drawings. Basic concepts: Mesolithic; Neolithic; petroglyphs.
Copper-Bronze Age : tools made of copper and bronze, jade, bone and horn; connections with neighboring tribes. Shamanism as a unique phenomenon of spiritual culture.Beginning of the Iron Age (first millennium AD): tools and weapons; blacksmith craft; domestication of wild animals (horse, ram, bull); Iron Age monuments. Basic concepts: Chalcolithic; shamanism; altars.
Section 2. Our region during the Middle Ages. (5 o'clock)
Kurykan in the Angara region. Kurykans are peoples of Turkic origin who lived in the region in the 6th – 11th centuries. Places of settlement. Traces of habitation. Occupations, dwellings and culture. Lifestyle. Kurykans and Mongols in the XII–XIII centuries.
Buryats. Evenks, Tofalars. Territory, occupations, social system of the Western Buryats in the 14th – 16th centuries. Shamanism among the Buryats. Evenks are the inhabitants of the eastern Angara region. Classes. Dwellings. Cloth. Food. Public relations. Tofalars. Habitat area. Social system. Classes. Beliefs. Language. Traces of the linguistic system of the indigenous peoples of the Angara region in its geographical names.
Annexation of the Angara region to the Russian state. Ways of Russian advance across the Angara region. The first forts Ilimsky and Bratsky. Ilim Voivodeship. E. P. Khabarov. V. Bering. Irkutsk prison. Irkutsk Voivodeship. Coat of arms. Seal. The nature of relations with the indigenous population. Christian churches and monasteries in the 17th century. in the Angara region. Irkutsk Ascension Monastery. Ilimskaya Kazan Church. Establishment of Christianity in the Angara region. Popular unrest on Irkutsk land in the 17th century. The significance of the annexation of the Angara region to Russia.
Section 3. Our region in XVIII V. (3 hours)
Social and economic development of the Angara region in XVIII V.
Population growth. The nature of colonization. Moscow tract. Agriculture and cattle breeding in the Angara region. The first steps of industry. Economic relations.
Irkutsk province. Population composition. Irkutsk is a provincial city. Development of crafts and trade. Irkutsk merchants in the 18th century. City government. City Duma. Kupets M.V. Sibiryakov. Epiphany Cathedral.
The first schools in the Irkutsk province. Navigation school (1754). City school (1781). First Theological Seminary (1780). Public School (1789). Peculiarities curricula. Student composition. Surviving documents from the 18th century. on issues of education and enlightenment.
"Famous" people XVIII V. in the Angara region. Scientific study of Siberia in the 18th century. G.F., Miller, I.G. Gmelin, I. Georgi, E. Laxman, S.P. Krasheninnikov on Irkutsk land. A.N. Radishchev in the Angara region. G.I. Shelikhov and his role in the cultural life of Irkutsk. Memory of Shelikhov and the Angara region.
Scientific, literary, folklore, architectural, Christian monuments of the 18th century. on Irkutsk land. Church construction.
Section 4. Angara region in the first half XIX century. (8 ocloc'k)
Development of the economy of our region in the first half of the century. Development of agriculture. Potato. "Mangazei". Cattle breeding. Forestry. Fishing. Peasantry. The rural community, its role in the life of the Siberian peasantry. Agriculture among the Buryat population, its numbers. Social relations among the Buryats. Noyons. Foreign councils. Steppe thoughts.
Industry and working people in the first half XIX V. Start of gold mining. "Golden fever" in the Angara region. Salt extraction. Factory construction. Telmin textile manufactory. Distilleries. Flour mills, handicrafts and craft production.
Development of trade and merchants. Trade routes of the Angara region. The numerical composition of the merchant merchants. Shopping centers Angara region. Merchant dynasties of the Angara region. Social relations in cities.
Participation of the population of the Angara region in the Patriotic War of 1812. The first volunteers. Fundraising. Irkutsk recruit militia. Siberians on the battlefields. Memory in the Angara region about the sons of 1812.
Irkutsk province is a region of hard labor and exile. Irkutsk is a distribution and transit point for political exile. Decembrists in the Irkutsk province. Places of their settlement. Decembrists in Irkutsk. Classes of the Decembrists in the settlement. The role of the Decembrists in the cultural life of the Angara region. Memory of the Decembrists in the Angara region.
Formation of the East_Siberian General Governorate. MM. Speransky in Irkutsk. Territories of the East Siberian General Governorate. Society's memory of Speransky's stay in the Angara region. General - Governor of Eastern Siberia N.N. Muravyov - Amursky - personality, statesman, man. The memory of Irkutsk society about him.
Enlightenment and education in the Irkutsk province in the first half XIX century. Reform of public education at the beginning of the 19th century. And its implementation in the Irkutsk province. Network of educational institutions of the first half of the century. Irkutsk men's gymnasium (1805) and its first director P.A. Slovtsov (1767 - 1843). Irkutsk syrup nutritional house named after. Medvednikova. Girls' Institute in Irkutsk (1845). Schools for training the indigenous population of the Angara region. The transition to class in education.
Irkutsk is the administrative and cultural center of Eastern Siberia XIX century . City development. Population composition. Start of stone construction. The Sibiryakov Palace and its fate. Moscow Gate. American barracks. Tikhvinskaya Square. Green zone of the city. Irkutsk celebrities of the 19th century: P.I. Potemsky, G.S. Batenkov, E.A. Avdeeva - Polevaya and others. The first medical institutions in Irkutsk. Public life of the city.
Section 5. Our region in the second half XIX century.(12 hours)
Economic activity of the rural population of the province in the second half of the century. The impact of the agrarian reform of 1861. For the development of the economic life of the province. Agricultural tools. Grain yield. Cattle breeding. Captive form of land ownership. Social stratification of the rural population. Tax system. The formation of commodity-money relations.
Development of industry in the formation of the working class in the Angara region in the second half XIX century. State-owned and private enterprises in the Angara region. Transition to hired labor Development of the gold mining industry in the province. The first railways in the gold mines. M.V. Zagoskin on the organization of labor in gold mines. The beginning of the development of the coal industry in the Angara region. Features of industrial development of the Angara region. In the conditions of the formation of market relations.
Economic activities of the indigenous population of the province. Peculiarities of cattle breeding among the Buryats in the second half of the century. Development of agriculture. Fertilizing the soil. Irrigated agriculture. Traditional crafts. Transition to market relations. Social stratification among the indigenous population. Wage-earners. The beginning of the electoral system in local government. Traditional forms of social support for the poor. Relationships between the newcomers and the indigenous population of the Angara region.
Trade and merchants in the Irkutsk province in the second half XIX century. Irkutsk is the intersection of trade routes. The first fairs. Trade turnover with China and Mongolia. Barter trade. Trade movement along the Siberian highway and its role in the economic life of the Baikal region. Development of internal trade in the province. Formation of the banking system. The role of water transport in the development of trade in the province. Features of the Siberian merchants of the second half of the 19th century. Ways to replenish it. Patronage of the Siberian merchants.
Siberian railway and communications in the Irkutsk province in the second half XIX century . Plans, projects - the beginning of the construction of the Siberian Railway in the Angara region. Disputes about the construction site railway station. The first train in Irkutsk. Railroad speed at the end of the century. Crossing Baikal. Construction of the Circum-Baikal Railway. The influence of the railway on the economic life of the Baikal region.
Beginning of a telegraph message. Postal and telegraph communications in the province, postal department. Start of telephone communication.
Social life in the province. The newspaper “Irkutsk Provincial Gazette” and its employees N.A. Speshnev, S.S. Shashkov, M.V. Zagoskin, O.S. Shchukin. Movement of “regionalists”: G.N. Potatin, A.P. Shchapov, N.M. Yadrintsev. Social activities of V.I. Vagina. Newspaper "Eastern Review".
Political exile and the revolutionary movement in the province. Petrashevtsy N.G. Chernyshevsky, A.P. Shchapov. Exiles in the province; circle K.G. Neustroeva. Alexandrovsky Central. Populists in Irkutsk exile. The first Marxists in exile: M.I. Brusnev, N.E. Fedoseev. Creation of the Siberian Democratic Union.
Polish exiles in our region. Underground organizations of Polish rebels in the Irkutsk province. Uprising on the Circum-Baikal Road. News of the uprising in the central part. On eternal settlement in the Angara region. Contribution to the cultural life of the province of the Polish rebels. Memory of the Poles on Irkutsk land.
Enlightenment and education. Opening of educational institutions for women in the province. Development of a vocational education network for young men. Spiritual educational establishments. Sunday schools. Foreign schools. The best teachers in the province. Libraries.
Scientific and technical life of the province. East Siberian Branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (1851) V.A. Obruchev. G.A. Potanin. East Siberian branch of the Imperial Russian Technical Society (1868). Cinema in Irkutsk. The first cars. And garages. Aeronauts Club.
Literary life in the Angara region. Siberian prose by N. Polevoy. Creativity of I. Kalashnikov, I.F. Fedorov – Omulevsky, V.M. Mikheeva. Librarianship.
Theatrical and artistic life of the province. Amateur Theater in Irkutsk. Gogol, Griboyedov on the Irkutsk stage. Construction of a new theater (1897), its first troupe, their repertoire. Musical life of the city. Governor's balls, fashionable dances. Ballroom dancing schools. Collection of V.P. Sukacheva, V. Basnina. Art exhibitions. Art schools (1900).
Architecture and construction in XIX century. Creations of the architect A.I. Razgildeev in Irkutsk. The fire of 1879 and its consequences. Revival of the city. Development of the central part of the city. Architect V.A. Rassushin. Kazan Cathedral A.P. Chekhov in Irkutsk. Listvinichnoe village. Railway stations. Construction of churches. The predominance of Russian influence in the culture of the Angara region.
Educational and thematic planning of an elective course:
"History of the Irkutsk Land"
34 hours 10th grade.
Thematic planning of an elective course:
"History of the Irkutsk Land." Grade 10. 34 hours.
Homework
Introduction.
(1 hour)
Introduction.
abstract
Our land in ancient times .
(4 hours)
Angara region during the Paleolithic period.
Angara region during the Mesolithic period.
Angara region during the Neolithic period.
Angara region during the Eneolithic period.
Our region during the Middle Ages .
(5 o'clock)
Kurykan in the Angara region.
Buryats. Evenks. Tofalars.
Annexation of the Angara region to the Russian state.
The first Christian churches and monasteries.
Popular unrest of the 17th century.
Our region in XVIII century.
(3 hours)
Socio-economic development of the Angara region in the 18th century.
The first schools in the Irkutsk province.
"Eminent" people of the 18th century. in the Angara region.
Angara region in the first half XIX century.
(8 ocloc'k).
Development of the economy of our region in the first half of the century.
Industry and working people in the first half of the 19th century.
§ abstract
Development of trade and merchants.
§ abstract
Participation of the population of the Angara region in the Patriotic War of 1812.
Formation of the East Siberian General Governorate.
Enlightenment and education in the Irkutsk province in the first half of the 19th century.
Irkutsk is the administrative and cultural center of Eastern Siberia in the 19th century.
Our region in the second half XIX century .
(12 hours).
Economic activity of the rural population of the province in the second half of the century.
The development of industry in the formation of the working class in the Angara region in the second half of the 19th century
Trade and merchants in the Irkutsk province in the second half of the 19th century.
Siberian railway and communications in the Irkutsk province in the second half of the 19th century.
Social life in the province.
Polish exiles in our region.
Enlightenment and education
Scientific and technical life of the province.
Literary, theatrical and artistic life in the Angara region.
Architecture and construction in the 19th century.
General lesson.
Due to the fact that the topics coincided with holiday dates, adjustments were made to the planning.
Section 6. Our region in XX century.(5 hours)
Village economy at the beginning of the century. Industry. Lena gold mining partnership. Cheremkhovo coal basin. Monopolization of industry. A.P. Stolypin on the development of industry in Siberia. Agriculture Spontaneous resettlement movement. Russo-Japanese War and the position of the province.
The labor movement in the province at the beginning of the century. The numerical composition of workers in the province, their economic situation, speeches of railway workers. The struggle of the workers of the Lena gold mines, the miners of Cheremkhov. The labor movement and the war.
Irkutsk social democracy. Creation of the Irkutsk Committee of the RSDLP. Communication with the newspaper Iskra. Propaganda circles. Escape of "Romantsev". Political proclamations. Ideological struggle within the Irkutsk social democracy. "Siberian Union of the Socialist Revolutionary Party."
Revolutionary actions in the Irkutsk province in 1905 -1907.
Demands of participants in political protests in the Angara region in 1905. October political strike in the province. General - Governor Kutaisov about the situation in the province. Fighting squads of workers. Creation of the Council of Deputies in Irkutsk (November 30, 1905). Organization of cadets of the Angara region. Russian Assembly, department of the Union of the Russian People. Armed democracy in Irkutsk. Speech by workers at Zima station. Peasant struggle for land. Performance in Kimiltey, not Lena. The defeat of revolutionary protests in 1906. Reprisal against Social Democrats in the Angara region.
National movement in the province. The struggle within the Buryat population.
Administrative reform. Congresses of indigenous peoples, their demands.
Section 7. Our region between two revolutions (107 -1916). Resettlement of peasants and the growth of the peasant movement after the revolution. (5 hours)
The path to Siberia for immigrants, their position in the province. The role of immigrants in the economic life of the province. The situation of migrants. Unrest among the Buryats in Bokhan, the peasants of Balagansky district.
Irkutsk Cossacks. Number, social status, economic situation, occupation, form, role in the political life of the region.
The economic situation of the Irkutsk province between two revolutions. Penetration of foreign capital into industry. Unemployment. Industry composition of workers. Increased monopolization of production and capital. Industry's recovery from the crisis. Agriculture. Growth of sown areas. Growth of migrants. Appearance farms. Social settlement. Laboring.
Lena execution. The growth of the labor movement in the Irkutsk province. Martial law and political regime. Social and political situation in Bodaibo, in the Lena mines. Start of the strike. Shooting of a rally. Number of killed and wounded. Results of the strike. The strike movement in the region in response to the Lena shooting. Protest strike in St. Petersburg and other regions of the country.
Social and political life in the province at the beginning XX century. Political parties and public organizations. Elections to the Duma. Exiled Bolsheviks in the province. Organization of social revolutionaries. Periodicals. Response to the death of L.N. Tolstoy. Growth of professional organizations. National associations. Celebration of the 300th House of Romanov.
Cultural life in the province at the beginning of the century. School network. Vocational educational institutions. Teacher training. Scientific life. V.A. Obruchev. VSORGO Museum of Local Lore. Irkutsk school of historians. Irkutsk Chronicles. City archive. A.S. Sibiryakov. Literature. I.G. Goldberg, F. Berezovsky. Satirical magazines. Theater and its repertoire. Amateur theaters. Cinema in Irkutsk. Musical life of Irkutsk. Artistic life. Monument to Alexander III The beginning of bus traffic in Irkutsk. The advent of electric lighting.
Irkutsk province at the beginning of the First World War. Mobilization for war. Lack of hands. Deterioration of the financial situation of the population. Elections to military-industrial committees. Revolutionary situation in the province. “Hunger riots” in Zim, Tulun, Nizhneudinsk. Workers' strikes. Assessment of the situation by Irkutsk Governor-General P.I. Piltz
Section 8. Irkutsk province during the years of revolution and civil war. (9 hours)
1917 in the Irkutsk province. Territorial and administrative division of the Irkutsk province at the beginning of 1917. News in Irkutsk about the Tsar's resignation from power. Formation of the Committee public organizations and its composition. Formation of the Irkutsk Council of Workers' Deputies. I East Siberian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies. (April 1917). Revolutionary actions in the province and their demands. The February Revolution and the rise of the national movement in the province. Soldiers' revolt in Irkutsk in September 1917. I Public Congress of Soviets. Centrosiberia. Re-elections to the Soviets in Irkutsk. Military Revolutionary Committee. Committee for the Defense of the Revolution, its composition. Armed struggle in Irkutsk. The White house. Committee of Soviet Organizations in Eastern Siberia. II All-Siberian Congress of Soviets (February 1918). Victory of Soviet power.
Our region during the civil war. Revolt of the Czechoslovak Corps. The collapse of Soviet power in the province. Retribution against the Soviets. Military dictatorship. The struggle of the political forces of the Irkutsk province against the military dictatorship. The situation of workers and peasants. Kolchak's government in Irkutsk. Arrest and execution of A.V. Kolchak. The political center is in power. Military Revolutionary Committee and Irkutsk Council
Communist victory. Food detachments. Peasant uprisings against the communists, their defeat.
Social and political situation in the Angara region after the civil war. Formation of local authorities. The fight against banditry. National-territorial demarcation. Growth of the ranks of communist organizations. Purge of communist ranks in the Angara region. Revival of trade unions and women's organizations.
Restoring the economy of the Angara region. Industry situation. Involving workers in production management. Communist subbotniks. Creation of the public sector in the economy. Unemployment and personnel problem. NEP. Development of private entrepreneurship. The beginning of the economic revival. The situation in the village. The first communists. Help for the hungry in the Volga region. Youth theaters in the village. Development of the cooperative movement. Stratification in the village. Rising prices for industrial products.
The first steps of industrialization in the Angara region. Creation of a metal plant (now the Kuibyshev Machine-Building Plant). Development of the Lena gold mines. The first mica factory. Construction of an aircraft plant in Irkutsk. Increasing share of industry in the economy of the Angara region. Competition. Shock training. Social problems workers in the region.
Collectivization: how it took place in our region. The situation in the village. The call for cooperation and the attitude of the peasantry towards it. Help from workers. Communist pressure. Dispossession. Migration of rural population. Relocation. The pace of collectivization. Collapse of collective farms. Problems of collective farm life. Stabilization in collective farm construction. Congress of collective farmers. Collective farms before the Second World War, their material base and results of economic activity.
Social and political situation in the Angara region in the 30-40s. The Irkutsk region is one of the GULAG sites. Purge of party ranks. Total fight against “enemies of the people” in the Angara region in 1937. The situation in the internal affairs bodies, bloody massacres in Irkutsk, Usolye, Kirensk, Bodaibo, Nizhneudinsk. Repressions against the intelligentsia of the Angara region. P.Petrov. Places of massacre. Brewer. The reasons for what is happening.
Enlightenment, education, science in 20-40. in the Angara region. The fight against illiteracy. School construction. Teacher training. Pedagogical press. Growing student population. Patronage of schools. Vocational and technical education. Opening of Irkutsk University, its role in the development of higher education in the Angara region in the pre-war period. First steps of formation scientific life in the Angara region. The first scientists of Soviet times.
Literature, press, radio of the Angara region in the 20-40s. The first writers of the Angara region, their work. First Siberian Congress of Writers. Literary periodicals. Poet Molchanov-Sibirsky. “Snub-nosed base.” Beginning of radio installation in the Angara region. The role of the public in it. Periodical press in the Irkutsk region. Party leadership of ideological life in the region.
Cultural and educational work and artistic life of the Angara region. Development of a network of libraries, huts - reading rooms, red corners. Club construction. Houses of Culture. Amateur artistic activity. Expansion of the film network. Repertoire. "Kinosibir". Theater life provinces in 20-40. N.P. Okhlopkov. in Irkutsk. N.N. Butorin. East Siberian Regional Drama Theater. Collective and state farm theaters. Music life. Opera in Irkutsk. Theater of Working Youth. Artistic life in the Angara region. B.I. Lebedinsky East Siberian branch of the Union of Artists. I.L.Kopylov. Irkutsk art gallery. Irkutsk Art Museum (1936). The victory of Stalinist ideology in public consciousness.
Section 9. Our region during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period (1941-1960). (6 hours)
The leading edge is deep in the rear. Mobilization into the Red Army. Volunteers. Evacuation of industry to the Irkutsk region. Industry work for the front. Agriculture of the region - to the front. The role of women and adolescents in the regional economy. Assistance to liberated areas. Science and culture during the war years. Reward for work in the name of Victory.
Irkutsk residents in battles for their homeland. A.P. Beloborodov. Irkutsk residents in the battle of Moscow, in the defense of Sevastopol, at Stalingrad, near Kursk, in the battles for Berlin. Our fellow countrymen are participants in the defeat of imperialist Japan. Names of Irkutsk heroes. Book of memory. Irkutsk material.
A new stage of industrial development of the regional economy in the post-war period (1946-1960). The region's economy after the war. Industrial engineering. Irkutsk hydroelectric power station. Angarsk Chemical Plant. The beginning of the formation of industrial production complexes. Results of industrial construction by the end of 1959. New cities. History of the construction of BAM. First stage construction. Ozerlag. Road "Abakan-Tashkent".
The situation in agriculture in the region. Establishing collective farm life. Strengthening collective farms. Patronage of workers over collective farms. MTS. Reasons for the lag of the agricultural sector of the regional economy in the post-war period.
Social and political life of the region in the post-war period. Social and political structure population of the region after the war. Special settlers. Prisoners of war. Intelligentsia of the region. Exposing the cult of J.V. Stalin. and the socio-political situation in the region. Leadership of party committees.
Cultural life of the region after the war. School construction. Teacher training. Orphanages. Expansion of the professional education network. Universities of the region. East Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Irkutsk. Creativity of Irkutsk writers after the war. Theater named after N. Okhlopkova. Library network. Party leadership of ideological work in the region.
Section 10. Irkutsk region in 1961 - 1985 (6 hours)
Formation of territorial production complexes (TPC) - a new form of industrial development of the regional economy. Bratsko-Ust-Ilimsk TPK, its role in the development of the region. Formation of the Angaro-Usolsky industrial hub. The first steps of the Verkhnelensky TPK. Irkutsk industrial hub. Construction of BAM. New cities. Social composition of the population. Contradictions in the industrial development of the region. Aggravation of the environmental situation. The work of the region's industry during this period. Signs of a crisis situation.
Situation in agriculture. Strengthening collective farms. Growth of state farm production. Growth of the public sector in agricultural production. The problem of financing the agricultural sector of the economy. Lagging development of agriculture. Food problem in the region. Causes of the crisis situation in the agricultural sector of the country and the region.
Science, education, professional training in the region on the eve of perestroika. Formation of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Names of Irkutsk scientists. Development of a network of industrial scientific institutions in the region, their contribution to the economy. University science: problems and contradictions. Expansion of the network of universities in the region. Increased qualifications of teaching staff. International relations of Irkutsk universities. School construction. Problems and contradictions of school education. All education Educational and professional characteristics of the population of the Irkutsk region by the mid-80s: successes and contradictions.
Spiritual life of society: leading trends and difficulties, contradictions . Literary life in the region. V. Rasputin, A. Vampilov, M. Sergeev, A. Shastin, R. Filippov. The problem of generations among writers, poets, playwrights, and artists.
Propaganda activities of party committees. Political universal education of the population: successes and difficulties. Problems of library development. Silent protest of the intelligentsia against the ideological dictate of the CPSU. Ideological split in society. Waiting for change.
International relations of the Angara region. Development of economic, cultural and scientific cooperation with foreign countries. Activities of friendship societies, expansion of foreign tourism in the region.
Section 11. Irkutsk region in 1986-2033 (2 hours)
Political life in area. Democratization of public life and the beginning of an informal movement in the region. Variety of political orientations. The formation of the national-patriotic movement led by V. Rasputin. Memorial Society in Irkutsk. Alternative elections of deputies. Russian presidential elections and their impact on public life in the region. The collapse of the regional party organization and its ban. August 1991 coup And its echoes in the region. Elimination of the Soviets. Formation of local bodies of the new government Yu.A. Nozhikov. Irkutsk representative office in State Duma. Governor B. Govorin. Local government reform.
Irkutsk region on the path of economic reforms. Price liberalization, inflation. Privatization of property. Strengthening the non-state sector of the economy. Formation of market structures. Farming development: achievements and problems. Decline in production. Collapse of the region's industrial base. Social tension in the region. Unemployment. The first signs of economic stabilization. Specifics of the transition to the market in the industrial regions of the country. Results of economic development of the region in 2003. Current socio-economic and political problems of the region.
Course program “History of the Irkutsk Land” 34 hours, 11th grade.
Topic name
Number of hours
Section 6. Our region in the 20th century.
Section 7. Our region between two revolutions (1907-1916). Resettlement of peasants and the growth of the peasant movement after the revolution.
Section 8. Irkutsk province during the years of revolution and civil war.
Section 9. Our region during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period (1941-1960).
Section 10. Irkutsk region in 1961-1985.
Section 11. Irkutsk region in 1986 -2003.
General lesson.
Total for the course.
Thematic planning of the course “History of the Irkutsk Land”.
Grade 11. 34 hours.
the date of theChapter
Subject
Homework
plan
fact
Section 6. Our region in XX century.
(5 o'clock).
Village economy at the beginning of the century
§31 Summary
The labor movement in the province at the beginning of the century.
§32 Synopsis
Irkutsk social democracy.
abstract
Revolutionary actions in the Irkutsk province in 1905 -1907.
§33 Synopsis
National movement in the province
Abstract
Section 7. Our region between two revolutions (107 -1916). Resettlement of peasants and the growth of the peasant movement after the revolution.
(5 o'clock)
Irkutsk Cossacks
§34 summary
The economic situation of the Irkutsk province between two revolutions.
§ 35 summary
Social and political life in the province at the beginning of the 20th century.
§ 36 Synopsis
Cultural life in the province at the beginning of the century.
§37 Abstract,
Irkutsk province at the beginning of the First World War.
§37 Abstract,
Section 8. Irkutsk province during the years of revolution and civil war.
(9 hours)
1917 in the Irkutsk province.
Our region during the civil war.
Social and political situation in the Angara region after the civil war
§42 Synopsis
Economic recovery in the Angara region
§43 Abstract.
The first steps of industrialization in the Angara region.
§44 Abstract.
Collectivization: how it took place in our region.
§45 Summary
Social and political situation in the Angara region in the 30-40s.
§46 Synopsis
Enlightenment, education, science in 20-40. in the Angara region.
§47 Individual task
Cultural and educational work and artistic life of the Angara region.
§ 48 Abstract.
Section 9. Our region during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period (1941-1960).
(6 hours)
The leading edge is deep in the rear.
§49 Reports
Irkutsk residents in battles for their homeland.
§ 50 Reports
A new stage of industrial development of the regional economy in the post-war period (1946-1960).
§51 Synopsis
The situation in agriculture in the region.
Abstract
Social and political life of the region in the post-war period.
Abstract
Cultural life of the region after the war.
Abstract
Section 10. Irkutsk region in 1961 – 1985.
(6 hours)
Formation of territorial production complexes (TPC) - a new form of industrial development of the regional economy
Situation in agriculture.
Science, education, professional training in the region on the eve of perestroika.
The spiritual life of society: leading trends, difficulties, contradictions.
Indigenous population of the region.
International relations of the Angara region.
Section 11. Irkutsk region in 1986-2033.
(1 hour)
Political life in the region. Irkutsk region on the path of economic reforms.
List of literature for teachers:
History of Siberia from ancient times to the present day. T 5. – L.: Science, 1968-1969
Magidovich, I. P. Essays on the history of geographical discoveries. – M. Education, 1967
Domestic history from ancient times to 1917. Encyclopedia. T. 1– M.; Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1994
Shinkarev, L. Siberia. Where did she come from and where is she going. – Irkutsk; East Siberian book publishing house, 1974
List of literature for the student:
Decembrists and Siberia: Bibliographic Index. – Irkutsk: Irkut Publishing House. University, 1985.
Chronicle of the city of Irkutsk for 1881 - 1901. \Edition prepared by N.V. Kulikauskene. –Irkutsk: East Siberian Book Publishing House, 1993.
Moscow tract. Irkutsk, East Siberian Book Publishing House, 1976.
Irkutsk Three centuries. (Pages of life). – Irkutsk: East Siberian Book Publishing House, 1986
Gurulev, S. A. What's in your name, Baikal? – Novosibirsk: “Science”, 1991
Dulov, A.V. Monuments of the cultural history of the Angara region. – Irkutsk: East Siberian Book Publishing House, 1990
Irkutsk: from past to future. – Irkutsk: East Siberian Book Publishing House, 1990
Kopylov, D. I. Ermak. – Irkutsk, 1989
Okladnikov, A.P. Discovery of Siberia. – M.: Young Guard, 1979
Slide 2
Economy. Economy of the indigenous population
09/23/2016 Lesson 10. History of the land of Irkutsk
Slide 3
09.23.2016 1. Economy The agrarian reform of 1861, which abolished the dependence of peasants on landowners, led to changes in the composition of the population of the province. After the reform, the flow of immigrants to Siberia increased. From 1861 to 1891, more than 20 thousand people arrived in the Irkutsk province. Most of them began to engage in agriculture, receiving plots from abandoned lands or developing new ones for grains and potatoes. The main tools for cultivating the land remained bagel plows and wheeled plows
Slide 4
09/23/2016 1. Economy New plows also appeared, which were called “Permyachki”. They were almost entirely made of iron, therefore they were more durable and productive. Soon an iron plow also appeared, and the ancient pink salmon scythe was replaced by a factory-made Lithuanian scythe. When it was necessary to mow grain, rakes were attached to the scythe, which significantly increased the productivity of the work. Traction force, as before, the horse remained
Slide 5
09/23/2016 1. Economy B late XIX V. Threshers, winnowing machines, and sorting machines began to appear. All this made it possible to increase the sown area. This was especially noticeable in the Balagan and Irkutsk districts, where greatest number migrants. In 1895, the peasant farms of these districts had 113 threshing machines and 654 winnowing machines. Grain harvests varied, on average they ranged from 40 to 60 poods per tithe, but there were also more productive years. The peasantry tried to grow more and more grain for sale. In the Irkutsk district, 25 percent of bread was sold, in Nizhneudinsky - 44, in Balagansky - 47. At the same time, in the Erkholensky and Kirensky districts there was not enough bread of their own and they had to import it
Slide 6
09/23/2016 1. Economy The second branch of agriculture in the province was cattle breeding. In terms of the number of heads, goats and sheep were in first place, cattle were in second place, and horses were in third place. Breeding horses was a significant source of income on the farm. With the development of capitalist relations in the village, social stratification intensified. According to the household census of 1887-1889 in the Balagansky, Irkutsk, Verkholensky and Nizhneudinsky districts of the province, poor households accounted for 42 percent, average - 34.3, and wealthy - 23.7. Prosperous and average farms began to hire workers both permanently and seasonal work. Approximately 10% of farms used hired force. These were peasants who had neither crops nor horses
Slide 7
09/23/2016 1. Economy Since the grabby form of land ownership prevailed in the Irkutsk province, individual farms managed to plow up to 300 acres of land, they kept several dozen heads of cattle and horses. The poor often rented out their lands, and sometimes abandoned them and left to the city or to the “railway”, as the railway was called then. Peasants paid monetary taxes and worked off various kinds of duties: they built bridges, paved roads, provided horses for transporting mail and officials. They also paid grain ruba (share) to the clergy. Taxes were collected not from the land allotment, but from the male audit soul
Slide 8
09/23/2016 1. Economy The peasant reform of 1861 gave impetus to the development of commodity-money relations in the village, deepening its social stratification, increased the flow of immigrants, contributed to the involvement of free lands of the province in economic circulation. With the abolition of serfdom, changes occurred in the industry of the province. It was very difficult for state-owned factories to adapt to the conditions of the free market for hired labor, since they were mainly employed by exiles and convicts. Therefore, a number of state-owned enterprises were intertwined into private hands. The Telminsky cloth factory, the Ust-Kutsky and Troitsky salt works and a number of gold mines became private. The Aleksandrovsky distillery was closed. Its buildings were used to build the Alexander Central
Slide 9
09/23/2016 1. Economy But there were also enterprises where, along with hard labor, hired labor was also widely used. These included the Usolsky salt plant and gold mines. The transition to hired labor made it possible to increase labor productivity in many enterprises. This was especially noticeable at the Nikolaev iron and iron smelting plant. The plant built steamships, manufactured steam boilers, rolled rails, and produced bridge iron. The most profitable industry was mining gold. In 1859, there were 247 gold mines in Eastern Siberia, producing up to 1,113 pounds of gold per year. 2 thousand workers and employees worked at all gold mines this year
Slide 10
09/23/2016 1. Economy Despite the improvement in gold mining technology, the work of workers in the mines remained difficult. This is evidenced by the stories of the Irkutsk writer M.V. Zagoskina. In the book “Irkutsk and Irkutsk Province,” published in 1870, he wrote: “Work in the mines is not easy. Workers rise at dawn and venture into the cuts, which are often filled with water and filled with mud. They are given no more than three hours of rest during the working day, which is considered to be 18 hours - from 3 am to 9 pm. The food at the mines is almost always good. But hard work in any weather and in constant dampness has a disastrous effect on health. After 5-6 years of such a life, the worker becomes, if not crippled, then worthless for anything, except perhaps for service somewhere as a guard.”
Slide 11
09/23/2016 1. Economy In 1893, 1822 pounds of gold were mined in Eastern Siberia, which accounted for 75 percent of its production in all of Russia. In the second half of the 19th century. The coal industry begins to develop in the province. Coal was discovered at Grishevskaya Zaimka, 8 versts from Cheremkhov, where its mining began in the 50s. In 1869, in the village of Khaita on the Belaya River, a wealthy peasant V.D. Perevalov opened a porcelain factory where they produced tea utensils and insulators for telegraph poles. Other industries also developed in the province, and new enterprises were built. Their number has almost tripled in half a century.
Slide 12
09.23.2016 1. Economy However, most of them were of the artisanal or semi-artisanal type with the number of employees ranging from 10 to 50 people. This was especially typical for Irkutsk. In 1889, the main industrial enterprises The city included three vodka factories, two flour mills with steam mills, two breweries and one yeast factory, as well as a match and tobacco factory. During the post-reform period, the number of private enterprises and production in industry increased, and the number of hired workers increased. But industry developed more slowly than in the European part of Russia. This was due to government policy: Siberia still remained a storehouse of valuable raw materials, as well as an extensive market for the sale of industrial products and goods from central plants and factories
Slide 13
09/23/2016 2. Economy of the indigenous population The bulk of the indigenous population living in the territory of the modern Irkutsk region were Buryats. Tofalars lived in the Uda River basin. Settlements of Evenks, Yakuts and Khanty were located on the Lena and its tributaries in the second half of the 19th century. Agriculture became increasingly widespread among the Buryats. According to the 1897 census, cattle breeding was the main occupation of half of the Buryat population, and 46.8 percent were engaged in agriculture. From 1867 to 1888, the sown area of the indigenous population of the province increased by 42.5 percent. There were 209 acres of arable land per 100 souls of the Buryat population. The Buryats adhered to the same system of agriculture that was practiced by the Russians living in the province; they also had the same farming tools
Slide 14
09/23/2016 2. Economy of the indigenous population More and more plows, mowers, horse-drawn rakes, reapers and threshers appeared on their farms. All this tied the Buryat population to a permanent place of residence and the introduction of transhumance cattle breeding. With the onset of spring, they drove cattle to summer pastures located at a great distance from winter roads, that is, permanent settlements of the Buryats. For summer pastures, steppe spaces with good herbs. The migration from winter roads to summer roads took place simultaneously by the entire ulus. In areas of summer pastures, octagonal wooden yurts were built, and corral areas for livestock were fenced off
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09/23/2016 2. Economy of the indigenous population At the end of August, after the end of haymaking and hay harvesting, the cattle were again driven from summer pastures to winter roads, where until late autumn they fed on the fields and hay meadows mowed in the summer, and after harvesting - in the fields. In winter, livestock were kept in stalls. Only herds of horses remained to graze. When there was heavy snow, the horses were fed with straw and hay and driven into yards. The Buryats built covered khotons (flocks) in which the cattle were kept at night. On the farms of Buryat families they began to use manure to fertilize the soil, and they fertilized not only arable land, but also hay meadows - utugi. Irons were usually located near winter dwellings; they were protected from damage by being surrounded by a fence.
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09/23/2016 2. Economy of the indigenous population Along with farming and cattle breeding, the Buryat population continued to engage in traditional crafts - hunting, fishing, collecting mushrooms, berries, nuts, various herbs and roots in the taiga, making national clothes, shoes, jewelry made of bone, stone and metal, fishing and hunting tools. In the second half of the 19th century. changes occurred in the social relations of the Buryats. With the development of trade, a demand for free hands arose, especially in connection with the development of industry, agriculture, and cattle breeding. According to the house-to-house census of 1887-1897, 21.7% of Buryat farms used annual and term hiring of workers. Under the influence of commodity-money relations, social stratification increased. Rich Buryat farms appeared that skillfully combined agriculture and cattle breeding
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09.23.2016 2. Economy of the indigenous population In the 80s of the XIX century. steppe dumas were abolished and “foreign” councils were created. The head of the council was chosen from local residents, usually from young rich owners. So, the Ida steppe duma was divided into Bohanskaya, Bilchirskaya, Ukyrskaya, Uleiskaya, Molkinskaya “foreign” councils. Along with them, the positions of tai were abolished -shey - the main ancestors who were replaced by inheritance. Peasant “foreign” bosses, that is, representatives of the tsarist administration, began to supervise the “foreign” self-government
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09/23/2016 2. Economy of the indigenous population At the end of the 19th century, the certification of the indigenous population and the determination of places of permanent residence began. All Buryats were required to have a passport when applying for a hired job. The passport was issued for a year, and its renewal depended on how the person paid the tax. So, on the one hand, elections appeared in the formation of foreign self-government, and on the other, administrative control was strengthened as for self-government and for every indigenous resident
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