In Moscow, the first congress of the All-Russian Social and State Education Organization "Knowledge" (rose) opened at the VDNH on June 6.

The Chairman of the Coordination Council of the Society "Knowledge" Love Dukhanin called the key theme of the congress to develop a strategy for the development of the Society "Knowledge". Planned. that the organization will deal with educational projects on history, political science, new scientific research, international relations and a number of other destinations.

About 500 delegates and guests will take part in the event.

Decree on the creation of the All-Russian Social and State Education Organization "Russian Society" Knowledge "signed Russian President Vladimir Putin on December 11, 2015. The constituent meeting of the organization took place on March 29, 2016. Now Roses has representative offices in 60 regions of the Russian Federation, in the future, the Company will be created in the future All subjects of Russia. The founders noted that the modern Society "Knowledge" is the successor of the Society "Knowledge" created in the USSR in 1947.

17:54, 06.06.2016

Moscow, June 7th. / TASS /. Congress " Russian society "Knowledge" approved a member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation Lyubov Dukhanin as Chairman of the Organization, as well as the deputy head of the Central Election Commission of Nikolai Bulayev and President of RGU Efim Bivewar as co-chairs.

"Today, the congress approved my authority as Chairman of the Russian Society" Knowledge ", as well as two co-chairs - Nikolai Bulaev and Efim Bivewar," said Dukhanin on TSA Tuesday.

The company's executive committee also reported that the Society "Knowledge", whose first congress was held in Moscow, a supervisory board appeared.

"The first congress of the socio-state organization was completed by the Society" Knowledge ", which will be engaged in educational work," the TASS reminded the interlocutor in society. He informed that the Supervisory Board was elected in the framework of the creation of governing bodies. " "In the near future, the set will be gathered and chooses his chairman," the source added.

According to him, 29 people entered Valkolovet, among them - representatives of departments, research institutes of the Academy of Sciences, television educational channels, media. Members of the set of steel, in particular, the first deputy head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Volodin, the first deputy head of the Ministry of Education and Science Natalya Tretyak, head of Rossotrudnichesky Lyubov Glebova, Head of Rosmolodezh Sergei Pospelov, Director of the Institute russian history RAS Yuri Petrov, Secretary of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation Alexander Brechavov, General Director of Tass Sergey Mikhailov, chief Editor Magazine "Historian" Vladimir Rudakov.

"The Council will define the educational policy of the Society" Knowledge ", to observe his activities," the representative of the organization explained.

Congress "Russian Society" Knowledge "takes place in Moscow on June 6-7. The decree on the establishment of the organization was signed by the Russian President Vladimir Putin on December 11, 2015. The Constituent Assembly of the Society" Knowledge "took place on March 29 of this year. The founders noted that the current Society" Knowledge " He is the successor of the Society "Knowledge", which was created in the USSR in 1947.

Congress of Society "Knowledge" takes place in Moscow

The development of space, the latest technologies, the development of media space and cultural issues - so identified the main topics, which will be in the field of view of the participants of the first congress in Russia. He takes place in Moscow. More than 500 representatives of different regions gathered at him.

The tradition of society, which was created in the Soviet Union almost 70 years ago, as noted at the meeting, continue. And the main task is to enlighten - has not changed more years.

The first meeting as a reference point. The educational organization announces the beginning of a new era, where knowledge is in a special price, where non-technology is responsible for progress, but people who develop them, where professionals build a career in several areas, and educational process With the end of the university does not end.

"Scientists suggest that a person will change the profession of 6-8 times during his life. The education system is not able to change the content of education so quickly. And we need to create an excessive space of education," says the Chairman of the Coordination Council of the Russian Society "Knowledge" says. Love Dukhanin.

Designed for curious - on schoolchildren, students, specialists. The creators of the new educational space will be teachers and graduate students of leading universities, scientists, writers, political scientists. They will lecture, supervise scientific projects.

"Education throughout life, enlightenment throughout life - this is the main task. Our citizens have a wide request for modern scientific knowledge. It is very important that the communities of professionals will be formed to give qualified scientific responses to these questions," said Minister of Education and Science Dmitry Livanov.

The All-Union Society "Knowledge", which existed in the USSR appeared almost immediately after the war - in the 47th, when for cultural and, of course, scientific growth was needed a new push. Activists, among whom are scientists, academicians, then also read lectures, published articles, established their own publishing house. And the youth knocked into technical universities. Being an engineer has become prestigious.

The new Russian society "Knowledge" emphasizes again on the sciences: both accurate, and humanitarian. 11 directions - from space and IT technologies to culture and art. Special attention to politics and international relations.

"What happens to Russia now why it turns out such pressure on all azimats, why the history is being rewrittening, falsification is not just a role, even the meaning of our victory in the Second World War," lists the political scientist Natalia Narotitskaya.

"It is very important not to launch the processes of misinformation, because it will be more difficult to understand what is really true. And, of course, one of the tasks of the Society" Knowledge "- an educational story about history," says the rector of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Victor Sadovnichy.

What is already in work. Project Research - "Pioneer-M". It will be done to start in Sevastopol. On the basis of a local university, students of different regional universities should invent and build a ship laboratory for environmental and underwater research with mobile complexes that will be collected as a designer.

"The first vessel of the whole flotilla that will be built for many universities in Russia: in Kaliningrad, and in the Far East, and in St. Petersburg. As a result of this project, we assume that a whole generation of young professionals will appear in a wide variety of sectors Industries, "said the Head of the Regional Representative Office of the Society" Knowledge "in Sevastopol Valery Koshkin.

Representatives of the Society "Knowledge", as a rule, on the basis of local universities are already open in 60 regions, in the remaining 25 - will appear in the near future.

However, the educational process will not be attached to the place at all. Lectures and scientific articles will be available on the network, it will be easy to connect to the discussion using the Internet broadcast, and the teacher will be able to ask any question by writing to his personal site.

All-Union Society "Knowledge" as a communicator for the authorities and the scientific community of the USSR

05/10/2012, science and time

Not so long ago, we published the article "Polytechnic Museum and the Orders of Civil Society in Moscow", written by Gurgen Grigoryan, - many years of the director of this museum. The current publication of its continuation of the history began telling about later events and is based on archival documents that were not previously published.

Gourgen Grigoryan, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation

In November 1991 The congress of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" (hereinafter referred to as society) was held, which completed the history of this organization.

By this time, the company was probably the most importantly largest public national humanitarian organization in the world, which had, according to the Charter, a clear hierarchical structure and united more than 2.5 million members from residents of all parts of the USSR. Members of the Company performed in the mass audience of fellow citizens with almost 20 million lectures per year. Also, a year, society published 750 names of books and brochures with a total circulation of about 160 million specimens (according to "From the history of the All-Union Society" Knowledge ", author A.I. Tilenna. M.," Knowledge ", 1988).

More than 20 years have passed since that time. These years have shown the high qualities of the company's gene pool, which allowed organizations inheriting the brand "Knowledge", to continue their humanistic activities in conditions, which are fundamentally different from those in which the Company originated and developed their activities.

The emergence and development of society is associated in the consciousness of a number of compatriots with the ideology of WCP (b) -CPS, with the concept of "USSR". This allowed the militant critics of the Soviet past to put society at the wall of "critical executions" in one row with pioneer, Komsomol, with a number of creative unions. Today, the maximalist criticism of the meaning of the lives of fathers and grandfathers with the "Sovdepovsky" mode comes a mature thinking about what of the "of that time" should not be bin and hurry to part. After all, then the time has accommodated hundreds of millions of human limits of heroic and diligent, crippled and ascended, righteous and sinful. All these contradictory fates with their acts identified the history of our Fatherland since that time and to this day. What should not part - this is an existential question. His decision will determine the possibility of society of Russia to confront today's tendency to commercialize as human relationsAnd the attitude of people to life. This tendency corps the morality of the generations of compatriots. In the context of this approach, a retrospective analysis of the history of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" is of interest - this unique on scale and meaning of the activities of the Unique Social Organization.

Epoch of creating "Knowledge"

As you know, society was founded in May 1947, less than a year after the end of the battle on the fronts of the Second World War, the main burden of which fell on the shoulders of the people of the USSR, who, underlined innumerable losses and victims, defended its right to life in generations of descendants. It is the people of the USSR, and not any other country, entered the story as a winner. The price of this is tens of millions of people of people, hundreds of millions of wounded destinies, in many ways the destroyed national economy, created by the incredible efforts and victims of the people by the time of the beginning of this war, but it was capable of mobilization and providing the rear of victories. Before the country was the main task - the restoration of the economy. But not only that.

It was necessary to lay the basics of promising development of the national economy - primarily the agrarian sector. For these purposes, the giant "Stalinist Plan of Nature Transformation Plan" was developed and was developed and was developed in the initial stage of implementation, which had a goal for preventing droughts in the Volga region and Zauralo regions by creating protective forest belts, channels, introducing innovation into the agriculture. But again, not only that.

It was necessary to prepare for the possibility of a new war - now against the former allies threatened the USSR weapons of a new generation - weapons of mass destruction of people. It was necessary to create such a weapon for themselves. In these years, "atomic" and "rocket" projects unfold, for the implementation of which vast resources were required.

The main and main resource for solving all these incredibly complex and gigantic tasks was the human resource of the Soviet people. The people who knew how to believe in a happy future, to postpone his life "For then" and tolerate in the name of this deprivation, sometimes even hunger, I knew how to lose interest in life with everything. But the spiritual health of the people could not be deaf to the mass manifestations of the cruelty and the inhumanity of the totalitarian Stalinist regime. Even victory happiness did not pay off the foci of the Cold Civil War, which came to replace military actions in the 20s. Therefore, the authorities during this period of total resource mobilization needed to pay special attention to the "spiritual health" of the people, "to protect it from any intestinal impacts." In the phraseology, the newspapers of that time firmly included the phrases "ideological front", "ideological war".

At the same time, work carried out by the authorities in the 20th - 30s work on an increase in the educational level of the masses gave rise to a spontaneous mass demand for knowledge in the postwar period. This is how the academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences recalls, and later RAS, Marchuk G.I. ("Science and Humanity", M., 2009. Knowledge Foundation. S.I.Vavivova):

My peers after the Great Patriotic War, despite the difficulties of the restoration period, literally poured into student audience, creating a unique spiritual and moral environment in society - thirst for knowledge.

Massively, knowledge was in demand. about the world: about countries and nations, about how the universe is arranged, about the history and culture of their country, etc. This demand was stimulated and the fact that the past war was forced to operate the "iron curtain" of ignorance of the majority of the USSR population about how people live there, where socialism had not yet begun.

Thus, the acute demand for knowledge by the masses, on the one hand, and the need for ideological support for the mobilization of the masses and their sacrifice to implement the grandiose plans of the communist power - on the other hand, they created prerequisites for the emergence of the massive educational movement, controlled power. To implement such a plan, a systematic approach that binds to those who needed to bear knowledge with those who could be entrusted with those and others to the service of ideological work in the masses under the control of WCP / b / w / w.

The intangible resource of this project was both the intellectual potential of the Soviet intelligentsia - first of all scientists and the traditions of Russian educational.

Education - i.e. Distribution of knowledge (both in the form of regulated education processes and in various, flexibly adapts to the demand and nature of the audience of formations of popularization)

it was a factor underlying the formation of human civilization. This problem is widely covered in the literature, including in the works of domestic cosmist philosophers. IN last years This problem paid great attention to Academician Moiseev N.N. In his writings on universal evolutionism. In his book "Climbing mind. Lectures on universal evolutionism and its applications "(M., Edition, 1993), author, analyzing the prehistoric period of the formation of a human society, retaining his place in the biosphere, argues: A nascent society needed ... .. in the preservation of craftsmen and experts capable of maintaining and transmitting knowledge to other generations.

Long historical process of development of the forms of "preservation of craftsmen and experts" and broadcasting their knowledge in time and space N.N. Moiseev calls the formation of the Universal Institute "Teacher",

which is designed play in the history of mankind is a completely special role. It is impossible to overestimate its value - this is a carrier of morality, it is new knowledge, and new skills and protection against atavism and the wildness of that era when the psyche of modern man was formed ......

Russian enlightenment goes into the depths of centuries with its roots - to the great enlighteners Kirill and Methodius, and passes through the entire domestic history, showing itself as a powerful lever of modernization transformations of Russia, acting primarily on the worldview of people. This look is very clear and passionately outlined by the Great Russian historian, the rector of Moscow State University in the 70s of the 19th century S.M.Solvyov in his "Public readings about Peter Great" (M. Science. 1984).Having in mind the science as a concentration of knowledge, he wrote at the end of the reading of the third: science reaches full of power not then only when teaches and develops mental abilities, not then only when the study of the laws of the visible nature increases the ease of life: it reaches complete power when he brings up a person, develops all the beginning of its nature for their correct and consonant manifestation.

W. The Russian intelligentsia is based on its motivations to educational activities, a sense of debt has always been laid in front of their people who endure adversity and deprivation, the need to serve their Fatherland.

The fate was pleased, and this is not by chance that the mission of the domestic educational movement at the stage of the origin of society "knowledge" would be forever with the name of a wonderful Russian person worthy of the successor of Russian educational traditions - academician Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov.

The first head of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" S.I.Vavilov

S.I.Vavilov led the Society for a long time - from the moment of its creation in the spring of 1947. before sustainable leaving of life January 25, 1951 Two months before your sixtieth anniversary. But the incredible scale and the versatility of his personality, his unique human qualities allowed him how to create a society and put it with the ability to serve as an enlightenment ideas for many years.

The roots of the genealogy tree Sergey Ivanovich are fixed in the peasant-fortified soil. His father - Ivan Ilyich at the age of 12 "translated the arrows" movement of a kind of village to the city, and overcoming the stotridental path to Moscow on foot, became for the counter

shop manufactory Magnatov Prokhorovy. By the beginning of the 90s, 19 months, he was able to become a noticeable figure in the Moscow business community. His sons Nikolai and Sergey were able to receive excellent education and each in their scientific field became an outstanding phenomenon in domestic and world science, although everyone's fate was tragic. Nikolai Ivanovich for his talent, scientific progress and advanced views was stored by the rivant government in the field of science and died in 1943. In prison, repressed by their naval.

Sergey Ivanovich's heart could not stand his strength from grief in connection with the tragedy of his beloved brother, from the everyday struggle for the honor and dignity of the national science, the "captain" of which he was in the rank of the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. During his presidency (1945-1951), the total ideological, repressive Stalinist offensive on the so-called began. "Bourgeois and antipatriotic" flows in science and culture. The non-partisan President of the Academy of Sciences, a leaving of the mercenary environment, the brother of the repressed "enemy of the people", who did not renounce his roots and trying to be honestly, to defend him a trusting case, "retribution" could have expected everybody. The magazine "Questions of the history of natural science and technology", published under the leadership of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, published in 2004 (Nos. 1.2) Deli Materials S.V.Vavovova. Writing October 6: At the Academy of a series of difficult cases. I feel the target to which strikes are lying on all sides. Construction, scandals, paper without end, denunciation, illiteracy, and, "as a criminal before execution, looking for a soul soul". Record January 21, 1951, shortly before death: Difficult week ... Conveyor of problems in the Academy: Scandal on the soil of computing machines, builders, elections. Heart is not in order. Yesterday grabbed again in the Kremlin. I can not lie on the left side. Handel music, ate in the snow, the moon in the clouds. How good would you immediately die and lie down here in the ravine under the eaves forever.

These mournful lines belong to outstanding international physics, which by his works opened a number of newest promising areas in science and technology, including the country's defense capability, which revived the activities of the Academy of Sciences after its return from evacuation after the war, created the world-famous Physical Institute of the Academy Sciences (Fian) and headed him. A man of deep and versatile knowledge, high culture and morality S.I.Vavilov created an atmosphere of creativity, benevolence and cooperation around him. In the secret "certificate of the People's Commissariat of State Security of the USSR on the scientific and social activities of the real members of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR" from 8yulyu 1945, sent to Stalin, Molotov, Malenkov (probably, in order to inform the President of the Academy to elections): Vavilov has organizational abilities and is in good relationships with the majority of scientists of the Academy of Sciences and enjoys their authority. In the circulation is simple, in everyday life.

Vavilov is now in the dawn of their creative forces and is personally researching. Has major students and followers. Known in the USSR and abroad. (book "Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov. New strokes to the portrait. M., Fian, 2004 pp. 162,163).July 17, 1945 Vavilov was elected president. For him, 92 votes of academics from 94 were filed. The personality of S.I.vavivova was formed by the traditions of his family and the atmosphere in which his studies took place.

Pet of the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University, S.I.Vavilov was among those young people who were lucky to adopt the relay of scientific ethics in such magnificent scientists of Russia, as N. Zhukovsky, K.Timiryazev, V. Vernadsky, P. Lebedev (whose name was Named Fian). For your first independent scientific work S.I.Vavilov was awarded in 1915. Gold medal of society of natural science fans, anthropology and ethnography at Moscow State University. This society is obliged to its emergence of the Polytechnic Museum, to which the Vavilovy Brothers "Kippeli" are still from gymnasic times, visiting research and popular lectures that have formed their future aspirations in study and science. S.I.Vavilov Subsequently, he himself performed at the Polytechnic Museum with lectures, a special attitude towards scientific popularization of knowledge.

All the above makes it possible to believe that the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences S.I.Vavilov is a large scientist and patriot of popularizing knowledge, put forward the idea of \u200b\u200blarge-scale development of this activity in post-war USSR Under the auspices of the Academy of Sciences on the basis of the Polytechnic Museum (which, apparently, was then in the deplorable state occupied by different organizations). This Vavilov idea was probably perceived favorably by I.stalin, but significantly rethought, taking into account the requirements of the "current moment" and the existing experience of politicalpagagaganda, conducted from 1943. Lecture bureau under the leadership of A.Ya.voshinsky.

All-Union Lenchant Bureau

The theory and practice of the Bolshevik transformation of Russia and the construction of a socialist society and the state proceeded from the fact that agitation and propaganda are fundamental factors of "technology" of such a transformation. They reveal the possibilities of engaging the broad masses in the outlined transformation. Seriously obstacle became the case low level Literacy of these widest masses. By the end of the 19th century, no more than 20% of the population of Russia could read. Therefore, the first decrees of Soviet power entered decrees,

dedicated to Enlightenment (1917) and Education (1918). According to the decree of the Sovnarkom "On the Elimination of Illiteracy in the RSFSR" of December 26, 1919, the entire population of Soviet Russia aged from 8 to 50 years, who did not know how to read or write, was obliged to learn a diploma in his native or in Russian (optional). The People's Commissariat of Enlightenment was granted the right to attract all competent persons to learning illiterate on the basis labor service (!). According to the 1939 census, the literacy of people aged from 16 to 50 years in the USSR is already approaching 90%. During these 20 years, the number of ideas prepared for the perception of promoted by the Bolsheviks is actively expanded.

V.I. Lenin developed and presented comprehensive aspects of the theory and methodology for agitation and propaganda. He proceeded from the fact that propaganda and agitation affect the mind of people, bringing ideas and teachings into their consciousness, requiring development as a guide to action.* In his book "What to do" (1902) he divided the functions of propagandist and agitator. In Lenin, the propagandist covers many ideas, and the agitator takes one of them to encourage people to reflections and actions. "Personal impact and speech at meetings in politics is terribly much. No no political activity, and even the writer itself becomes less political "(V.I. Lenin. Full. Coll. Op., 5 ed., Vol. 47, p. 54).

Lenin's ideas about propaganda and agitation by the end of the 20th century served as a guide to action in the implementation of all plans and programs (regardless of their thoughtful and success) of socialist construction in the USSR, and after 1945. and in the countries "Socialistracy".

From the very first days of the existence of the Bolshevik Soviet government, its current affairs and plans for the construction of socialism were very ambiguously perceived by the population of the country, which for many many years split civil War, the consequences of which are not outlined to the present. That is why the government of the Soviets has always paid special attention to the so-called. "Ideological support" of their affairs and plans, i.e. First of all, propaganda and agitation.

The tragic for the USSR began the war with fascist Germany in 1941. I demanded that the Soviet leadership of the tight total mobilization of all human, material and spiritual resources on the struggle for the life of the country at the fronts of war and its rebar. Ideological work in the form of propaganda and agitation took its place in the ranks of the defenders of the Fatherland, making a significant contribution to what was subsequently called as "the moral and political unity of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War" This work was carried out in the troops of the defenders of the Motherland as army political workers, and attendant brigades from the rear. Particular attention was paid to promotion and agitation in the rear aimed at mobilizing labor resources for the victory. The scale and depth of the echelons of this work illustrates, in particular, a small-format brochure " Schoolboy about political and educational work on the village ", (Detgiz, 1942; 50000Ex., 0.5p.L., signed in print 06/11/1942), prepared by the Office of the Politprosvet work of the work of the drug addict of the RSFSR with the preface from the drug addict V.Potomkin. The brochure is addressed by students of schools traveling to agricultural work, which was a particle of the fulfillment of Pervomaysky (1942) of the Order of Stalin, which "obliges the Soviet people to strain all the forces to help the front for the final defeat of the enemy in 1942." The brochure encourages schoolchildren arriving in the village, "to become an active assistant in the work of Hispani, Libraries," instructs and teaches them to "how to talk, loud reading newspaper", "How to issue a wall newspaper, a fighting leaf, poster", how to conduct reference (!) Work on the village, etc. This illustrates the organization Polytprosvet work at the lowest level.

To carry out this work at the highest level by the decision of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) of the USSR of July 31, 1943, was entrusted. Lecture bureau created when committees higher School In the USSR SCC (subsequently, the All-Union Lenchant Bureau under the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR), by the decision of the leadership of the lecture bureau was entrusted with highly tightening party and government officials led by A.Ya. Vyshinsky.*

In a report on the work of the Leccation Bureau for the period August 1943.- June 1944. ( Garf, F-R9548, oph .7. Case5) It is noted that the Bureau began its activities from 03.08.1943, by determining its task, in accordance with the decision of the SNK, the organization of public paid lectures in Moscow and throughout the country on topics related to international RegulationsThe current military-political events, according to historical, military historical and other issues, and the largest scientists, prominent military and socio-political figures were to prepare and read lectures. It should have "to ensure the relevance of the subject, proper ideological and theoretical level and political pointing of lectures."

At the Bureau, permanent sections were created: military; international relations; Military historical; historical; states and rights; economic; Scientific and technical; literature and art; philosophical. These 9 sections were headed by: 5 academicians and 1 ppm. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 3 General and 1 Professor.

From 08/16/1943 to 07/01/1944 The lecture bureau held 493 public paid lectures in 85 topics in Moscow and other cities. These lectures were visited by 253 thousand students. The price of a lecture was from 2 to 5 rubles. Funds from collecting went to the payment of fees to lecturers (50%), for the manufacture of visual benefits. Lectures were prominent scientists, military units, international figures communist Movement, cultural figures. The composition of the lecturers characterize such names as S.Vavilov, E.Tarle, S. Mikhheels, D. Ibaruri. I.Erenburg and many others are no less worthy.

The leadership of the lecture bureau made a decision on the possibility of admission to the public reading of lectures offered by the authors, carefully analyzed their quality, criticizing their disadvantages. For example, the famous Hungarian communist M.Rakoshi was criticized (later the head of the former Hungarian People's Republic, with the activities of which are associated with tragic events 1956 in Hungary) for a number of political and historical imperfections (according to the leadership of the lecture bureau) his lectures on the topic: " Hungary - Vassal of Hitler's Germany. "

In September 1944 Vyshinsky was approved by the provision "On the Lecture Bureau of the Bureau at the Committee on Higher School Affairs at SCC of the USSR" ( Garf, F-R9548, OP 7, Case 2). In accordance with it, the lecture hall (a large audience of the Polytechnic Museum, which subsequently - June 2, 1946 - was enshrined behind the lecture bureau Resolution No. 1451 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR) became the main base of the activities of the lecture bureau in Moscow (from here, probably, the name has been preserved for many years "Central Lecture"), with complete economic independence.

On the scale of the activities of the Leccation Bureau and on the pace of its development make it possible to judge the data given by the Vyshinsky at the meeting of the lecturers of the Lecter Bureau 24.05.1945. ( Garf, F-R9548 OP 7, Case 72).In 1945 The activity of the Bureau has manifested itself in organizing 363 lectures per month with completed audiences in all places of their conduct. These lectures were published by mass edition for their distribution (lectures prepared by lecturers "were distributed" the first category of scientific quality " Lecture bureau and approved by him; According to these texts, the lecturers protruded"Second category"* ). The successful experience of the Lacon Bureau has made it possible to raise the question of a significant expansion of lecture activities. At this meeting, Vyshinsky's lecturers were announced ideas about the prospects for the further activities of the lecture bureau. In the post-war conditions required (hereinafter referred to as the transcript text) « expand work deeper, cover the wider layers of our society, and maybe even not only our Soviet society, but much more wider than it has so far, and raise the whole all our work on a new higher level of its development ... .. Defense Bureau There must be a tribune of public opinion, should be a well-known horror of the expression of views, points of view, approaches to solving certain problems that are not always possible in the formal form, in order for this expression of views to be carried out in less official or at all not in formal form .

The development of activities in such a formulation required a new approach to its implementation. Politburo CCP Central Committee (B) 02.02.1947 Decides "On the transformation of the All-Union Leccation Bureau" with the creation on the basis of the experience of its activities of the All-Union public organization. Two more months - 04/01/1947. The management of agitation and propaganda of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) convenes a meeting of science and culture figures to discuss this issue. ( RGASPI, FUND 17, OP 125, E.Khr.505, sheets 1,2,24,25). After another month, the appeal of the participants of this meeting to the Soviet intelligentsia with a call to create such an organization published the newspaper "Pravda"

Those who are familiar with the activities of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" should be apparent that the "matrix" served as the activities of the All-Union Lacon Bureau under the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR.

The first steps of the KVP / B / and S.I. Vavilova

The biography of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" (hereinafter - WHO) counters its beginning of April 29, 1947. On this day, I.V. Stalin was signed by Resolution No. 1377 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge". The first point of this ruling sounds so (Garf, Foundation R-9547, OP1, Case1):

« To approve the appeal of the group of scientists and public figures to all workers of the Soviet Science and Culture on the creation of a All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge and allow Publishing an appeal to the central printing. "

We are talking about the appeal, which was with permissions (!) The leader was published on May 1, the Pravda newspaper for 70 signatures, from the first to the signature of the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences S.I.Vavivova. Next, follow the signatures of the Presidents of the An 9 Union republics, 17 of the real members of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Russian Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 22 Higher Education Scientists, as well as signatures of well-known writers, generals, members of the USSR Government, Secretaries of the Central Committee of the WFCM and the Central Bank .. In particular, the appeal was signed by academicians Tarl E.V., Artobolevsky I.I., Orbeli I.A., Ambartsumian V.A., and writers Simonov, Fadeev A. A., Tikhonov N.S. .

This circulation already contains the concept of the activities of the future of the All-Union Society. This is how its main provisions are presented in the appeal (the Pravda newspaper):

– The successful implementation of the great task of building a communist society requires systematic and wide work to raise the culture of workers, strengthening work on the Communist Education of the Soviet people, the tireless struggle for the complete overcoming of the remnants of capitalism in the minds of people.

- We propose to create a All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge. The task of this society should be to organize a wide propaganda of scientific and political knowledge by conducting public lectures in the field of international politics, the Soviet economy, science, culture, literature and art, as well as by publishing and distributing the transcripts of lectures

- We must show the greatness of our socialist homeland, to bring up a sense of pride in Soviet people for the Soviet country, for our heroic Soviet people, leading a decisive struggle against the lowlands of individual citizens of the USSR in front of modern bourgeois culture. Debt member.

The Organization Committee was approved by the Organizing Committee in the amount of 21 people chaired by Academician S.I.Vavivova - President of the USSR Academy of Sciences. As part of the organizing committee - 12 academics, including: Tarl E.V., Muskhelishvili E.I., Greeks, B.D., ARTOBOLEVSKY A.A., Oparin A.I., Lysenko, etc. By its decree, the Government was instructed to the Organizing Committee to work on the preparation of the General Meeting of the Founders of the Company in July of the same year, pre-forming the team of these founders. All cash property, equipment and funds of the All-Union Lacon Bureau under the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR were transferred to the decision of the Society. The Moscow Polytechnic Museum was also proceeded by the Company, which was under the jurisdiction of the Committee on Cultural and Educational Institutions at the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.

Events unfolded rapidly. The Organizing Committee was to develop the basis of the life and activities of a large All-Union public organization for discussion by their general assembly of founders, and one should decide with those whom to be founders.

The debate on the main issues turned at the meeting of the organizing committee on May 12, 1947. (Garf, F R-9547, OP1. Case7) Especially acutely discussed the issue of membership in society. The sharpness of this problem is due to the fact that it was necessary to combine the broad participation of enthusiast enthusiasts in the "single stage" of lecture activities (rural intelligentsia, intelligentsia of small cities, i.e. by those areas, where the lectureth word had a special value and potential of distribution), with the necessary The level of scientific support of the detention of lectures. The aggravated controversy on this issue has unfolded between A.Ya.vushinsky and A.A. Voroshensky* . Presidency S.I.Vavilov as follows as follows its position:

- I ask you to take into account that the appeal, printed in the newspapers, had a very wide response. Indeed, a huge circle of people - and teachers of schools, and engineers working at factories, etc. This appeal is extremely interested. It seems to me that to attract them to some extent to the activities of society, as it turned out from the discussion, it is necessary. Otherwise we will meet a number of difficulties in further work. It was indicated here that it would be some kind of separation into groups, but I must say that the name "Member-Competor" is the proof of the existing name. Even in the partyality there are this kind of gradation - a member of the party and the candidate. In scientific societies and in the old time, students participated as members of the competitionors, and they considered it for themselves this is a great honor. I myself was a member of the competition, and for me it was a big honor.

At this meeting of the Organizing Committee, proposals were discussed on the structural and regional structure of the Company, on the thematic structuring of lecture activities and its management, on the formation of public management bodies. The huge amount of coming work caused doubt about the possibility of its implementation in the period provided by the Decree of the Government. But S.I.Vavilov was solid, and on the appointed term the general meeting took place.

The newspaper "True" July 7, 1947 In the material heading "Dissemination of political and scientific knowledge" reported on holding a "general meeting of members of the All-Union Society" in the Bolshver Theater. Newspaper wrote: "Members of society from all over the Soviet Union arrived at the meeting ... .. in the Union Republics in front of the general meeting, a lot of work was carried out on the formation of republican societies."

The congregation first was to determine the fundamental basis for the Company's activities. This was spoke in his opening word S.I.Vavilov:

– The goal of society at first glance is so clear and obvious that its special consideration may seem unnecessary. In fact, however, it is necessary to meet every day with very diverse understandings and interpretations of the purpose and nature of its upcoming activities. Sometimes the opinions are expressed, for example, that society should be an association of numerous Soviet special scientific and technical societies, like the respective English and American associations ...... Another point of view is that the task of society should only be the popularization of political and scientific knowledge, designed for the most Wide circles of the population of the Soviet Union ....Iosif Vissarionovich (This is meant by I.V.Stalin. approx.Vutor Pointing ...... "It happens that the new paths of science and technology are sometimes paving people who are not well-known in the science, and people, practitioners, innovators of the case in the scientific world. One of the main tasks of our society is to create cultural conditions, suitable people, practitioners, innovators of the case would appear in science more than ". (Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1947 №8, p.3-11).

Preparation of the General Assembly controlled Personally the Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU / B / A.A. E.V., with whom the preliminary staff of the Board was agreed* project of the Charter and a number of other issues (Garf, F R9547, OP1, Case 2a, Sheets 35.36 -letters from 02.07.47 Zhdanov for signatures of Vavilov and Mitita).

The general meeting adopted TiredSociety, which was subsequently approved by the Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers for No. 3401 of September 29, 1947, and also formed the Board led by the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR S.I.Vavilov. Since that time, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR passed its magazine "Science and Life" to society.

First Charter of the Company (Garf F R-5446, OP1, Case 313)consisted of 8 sections that defined the tasks and membership of the Company, its structure and financial basis of activities. His first article sounds like this: "All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge is a voluntary public political and educational (!) Organization and is intended to disseminate political and scientific knowledge among the population of the Soviet Union."

Article 8 reads: "All-Union society consists of: honorary members, valid members - individual and team members, competence members."

Honorary members There could be a person choosing a society for "Especially valuable services for the dissemination of political and scientific knowledge in the USSR."

Valid members There could be figures (!) (Science and technology, social and political and military, literature and art, as well as teachers) "Taking personal actively involved in the dissemination of political and scientific knowledge among the USSR population (drafting and reading lectures, drawing up popular books, etc.)." Members of the teams could have public and government organizations and institutions participating in the creation and activities of the Company. Competition members of the Company could be "Persons involved in the activities of the Company by reading lectures based on the texts approved by the Society, participation in the device of scientific experiences, exhibitions, as well as other types of help providing society."

For "Development of issues appropriate to the tasks of society" The Charter provided for the availability of sections on certain sectors of knowledge, as part of real members.

The financial welfare of the company was determined by the agreed charter of introductory and membership fees, income from all authorized activities, the contributions of public organizations and institutions and faces "Interested in the development of society."

At the general meeting (according to preliminary agreement with the secretary of the Central Committee of the CSP / B / A.A.Vedanov), honorary members of society were supposed to be elected: comradesStalin I.V., Molotov V.M., Zhdanov A.A., as well as AcademiciansZelinsky N.D., Obruchev V.A., Pornishnikov D.N. However, their election occurred on the 1st Congress of the Company in January 1948.

Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 4032 dated December 16, 1947 "On measures of assistance to the All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge" by signature I.V. Stalina (Garf, F R-9547. OP1. Case1) It was charged:

- 9 ministries and departments "put in December (!) 1947. All-Union society ... materials and equipment according to Appendix No. 1 ";

- 5 ministries and departments, as well as the WCSPS "Transfer until February 1, 1948. All-Union society ...... located in the building of the Polytechnic Museum of the exhibition, library and museums according to Appendix No. 2 ";

The mentioned Appendix No. 2 lists: 1. Central Station young technicians (Ministry of Education of the RSFSR); 2. Labor Museum of the WGSPS. 3. The Forest Museum (Ministry of Forest Industry of the USSR; 4. Moskovsky House of Technology (Ministry of River Fleet of the USSR); 5. The extension of the instrumentation (Committee for measures and measuring instruments under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR); 6. Central Polytechnic Library (Committee In cases of cultural and educational institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR).

The resolution obliged 5 departments and the Central Federal District until February 1, 1948, "make a relocation from the building of the Polytechnic Museum subordinate to them institutions and organizations according to Appendix No. 3," and ordered the leaders (personally) of the Moscow State University and the Office of the USSR Council of Affairs "to assist the Board of All-Union Society ...... in eviction From the building of the Polytechnic Museum of Institutions and Organizations specified in Appendix No. 3.

The decision also established exemption from state and local taxes organized by the Company "Public lectures and other scientific and educational events." January 26, 1948 Already took place the 1st Congress of Society. With a report "On the results of the Company's activities for 1947. And about the work plan for 1948. Academician M.B.Mitin. The spirit of this report can be perceived from the next citation of it. (Magazine "Science and Life", 1948, №2, p. 35.):

"The task of our society is not non-partisan" culturing ", but a militant, offensive, imbued with the spirit of the Bolshevik party, the propaganda of political and scientific knowledge ... .. The job of society, lectures, printed editions should help strain these harmful and disgusting manifestations of bourgeois remnants." The author of the report has in mind those mentioned before it in the report "Resellines" in the form of "low-resistance to a foreigner".

In the resolution of the 1st Congress of the Company (published there) recorded:

p "The congress considers it necessary to oblige every valid member of society to read in various audiences or make up at least two lectures a year on the instructions of society."

p.3 "According to the content of the lecture work of the Company for 1948. Congress gives the following instructions:

a / the most important place in the lecture subjects should occupy the topics on the section of social sciences .........

b / ...... in lectures (By section of natural and technical sciences, approx. author) must find a wide and comprehensive lighting the role of Russian science and the achievement of Soviet scientists .... The advantages of the advantages of Soviet socialist science should be the leading start in the work of the lecturers. "

The Company attached great importance to participate in its work of the Central Polytechnic Library. The Presidium of the Company's Management Board adopted a special decision on the work of the library 24.02.1948. Clause number 1 of this resolution sounds like this:

It should be established that the Central Polytechnic Library, in accordance with the tasks of the Company, should specialize, along with scientific and technical and industrial and technical literature, and in the field of popular science literature.

The same decree, the Presidium approved the Regulations on the library, which so determined the concept of its activities:

The Central Polytechnic Library of All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge is a public scientific library - a bookkeeping of technical literature and the research and development center on library and bibliographic work with technical literature. The library specializes in the field of popular science literature on technology and natural science.

The situation determined that the main contingent, serviced by the Central Polytechnic Library of the Company, should have a close time to come true individual members, comer members and members-team members. The library needs to organize the corresponding service of members of society attracted to lectures.

The direct leadership of the library on the part of the Board was entrusted to the Deputy Chairman of the Board by Academician Artobolevsky I.I.

So the life and activities of the largest All-Union public organization began, which from the first of their steps turned out to be a significant factor in public activities in the USSR. This is allowed to judge published materials of that time.

Magazine "Science and Life" from 1948 introduced a permanent heading "In the All-Union society to disseminate political and scientific knowledge." Below is given short review This heading for 1948-1949

1948 . №8 Publishes materials on the first anniversary of society. "Turn society into a mighty selection of political and

scientific knowledge "(according to the results of the June Plenum of the Board of the Company - the Rapporteur at the plenum - academician M.B.Mitin).

No. 9 Publishes Materials: On Propaganda Michurinskaya Teaching; About lecture prof. A.A.Kosmodemyansky, dedicated to the founders of modern rocket technology; About the lecture of the candidate of biological and pedagogical sciences V.P.Ilina "Conservation of high performance in the middle and old age"; about scientific and popular literature; For assistance to rural lecturers, which is reported that thousands of lecturers in rural areas are organized, for which the Board prepares 4 series of popular brochures: "What the modern science on the origin and development of life on Earth says." "Science on the origin of the Universe", "Soviet Agricultural Science", "The History of Our Motherland".

No. 10 continues to publish materials about lecture activities on the village. In September, the two first collective farm lectures of society in the Moscow region were opened. At the opening of one of them, S.V.Vavilov spoke to the S.Vavilov S.Vavilov. For schoolchildren

in Ivanovo, in the summer, 30 lectures were read with a general audience of 4,000 high school students on the topics: "The moral appearance of the Soviet man." "Love, friendship and partnership", "On the remnants of capitalism in the consciousness of people and ways to overcome them," "Education of will and character", "culture of the behavior of a young man", "Mother in the life path of man."

The Society of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the Company is preparing for the publication under the leadership of Academician S.Lonberg, a series of scientific and popular books under the general name "Popular Physics Library". Books are calculated "on persons with 6-8 class education and are intended for independent reading."

1949 №3 Material about collective farm universities in Ukraine. Poltava branch of the Society organized 34 collective farm universities for more than 1,500 listeners. The curriculum of universities in the amount of agricultural machinery is designed for three years. For the lecturers of universities 2 times a month there are so-born seminars on which scientists are speaking.

The magazine also reports: "A full-fledged life lives a branch of society on Kolyma." For the last quarter 1948. In Magadan, more than 30 public lectures for 4,000 people have been read. "And in depths for October-November, there were 92 lectures on which over 10 thousand people were present." Topics of lectures: "The role of ideology in social development", "Soviet Union in the struggle for peace and security", "On the countries of the new democracy", "On the communist morality", "the emergence of life on earth", "the search for mammoth residues in the Kolyma region" . The magazine publishes a referractive presentation of the lecture of Professor B.A. Velfent-Weljaminov "Light Light - Bulletin of distant worlds", reports the Stalingrad lecturer for the economic knowledge of the local branch of the Company for planning and financial workers, about the lecture for parents in Arkhangelsk.

№4 "The exclusion of bourgeois cosmopolitans from rows of society." The Presidium of the Board "On Proposals of General Assembly of the Literature and Arts and the Leningrad Branch of the Company, considered the issue of staying among the actual members of the Society of Altman, Bleiman, Boyadzhiev, Belza, and DR, exposed by the Soviet seal (!) And Soviet Publicism (!) As antipatriots and Bourgeois cosmopolitans. " The Presidium decided to eliminate this group of individuals from the number of valid members with the consideration of this issue of the Plenum of the Board.

No. 8 spoke, in particular, on the experience of the collective farm lecture, the village of Lignyzka of the Kirovograd region of the Ukrainian SSR in the presentation of V.M. Maidbura - the head of the lecture. "I can not not tell about the dedicated behavior of Tov. Lyutsky, who teaches at the School of Seall Markov 15 km. from U.S. The case was in the spring. Tov. Lyutsky was supposed to read a lecture on the theme "The origin of life on earth."

On this day, she was pouring rain, it was dirty, the road was blurred. I call him: -Can be transferring a lecture? - No way. Prepare an audience. - Exactly to the appointed hour. Lyutsky appeared; The club was crowded, and collective farmers with great interest listened to a good lecture. More than an hour lecturer answered numerous questions of listeners. "

We finish the entire review of the curiosity, which reported No. 9 of the journal in the heading "In the Presidium of the Board of All-Union Society".

"Case Shvidler-Roneva"

"BUT. Schvidler (Ronev), using the title of a valid member of society, launched in the Pskov region, in Leningrad, in the Estonian SSR with an anti-scientific lecture "Brain and Psyche", accompanying its hypnosis sessions. All Schwidler speeches were paid, most often without a trip - all the gross gathering turned out to be in his pocket. Prices for tickets have always exceeded the established norms. He created a private-recommended "Lecturer Group" in the composition of near and distant relatives. " "The Presidium of the Board of All-Union Society .... Put an end to the anti-scientific halur "lecture" activity of this group.

This courier indirectly characterizes the popularity and authority of society, as well as Mr. Schvidler as the "Hero of Our current time".

The very first report on the activities of the Company. 09.11.1948 He was sent for signatures of the Chairman of the Board of Academician S.I.Vavilov and the First Deputy Chairman of the Board of Academician M.B.Mitin, the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) G.M. Malenkov. ( RGASPI, F17, OP.132, d.10, sheets 77 - 104). Attention is drawn to the fact that all (!) Official letters of chance in the Central Committee of the CSP (b) and the government was sent for two signatures: S.I.Vavilova and M.B.Mitin. Apparently, the lan the role of "party duenai"In the non-party chairman.

Stages of development of society "Knowledge"

Analysis of materials reflecting the activities of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" in the process of developing it from the prehistory before completion, allows you to distinguish a number of periods in the life of this organization.

These periods, or stages, are characterized by changes in the self-identification of society, which is certainly due to the evolution of the political and socio-economic conditions of the USSR.

Presented earlier materials allow to allocate the first, "Stalinist" period with inclusion in it as its subsection "Prehistoric" stage of activity of the lecture bureau.

The peculiarity of the Company's activities during this period is fixed by the main position of its charter, which determines society as political and educational organization . The nature of the prescribed authority could not disperse the fact that I.V. Stalin and his associates were elected by the honorary members of the Company with enthusiasm and unanimously. During this period, VKP / b / mobilized a society for agitation and propaganda support for post-war recovery of the country and on ideological struggle "at the front and in the rear cold War" The latter did not fit into the original idea of \u200b\u200bS.I.Vavivova, but the rules of the game was not installed. Nevertheless, in these years the popularization of the achievements of Natural Sciences: Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Land Sciences is beginning to unfold. In 1953 After the death of Stalin, a painful process of rethinking life began in the country. The former "pagan idols" (and above all the honorary members of society) were overthrown from their pedestals.

But faith in the construction of a "bright future" preserved, moreover, the time of his offensive was determined - 1980. So there was a new stimulus for mobilizing the creative potential of Soviet people. All-Union "Knowledge" was assigned to his role in this work. Poststalian has come - "leading" period in society.

Charter of the All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge 1955. Its first point proclaims that it (society) he is a voluntary public scientific and educational organization. It aims to promote the strengthening of the Soviet Socialist state, by the widespread dissemination among the population of the Soviet Union of political and scientific knowledge on the basis of Marxism-Leninism on the following issues: This is followed by a list of at least 25 thematic areas, starting by foreign and domestic policies with the further transfer of all sectors of sciences, cultural activities and completing sports and advanced experiences. No "statutory" ideological war.

"Thaw" period in the life of the country and society is characterized by revival and enthusiasm. Rows of society are growing due to the formation of groups of its members in production teams. By 1964 Such groups were already about 90 thousand. (Yu.K.Feshevsky, N.N.Murashov. Primary organization - the basis of society Knowledge of M., 1981, "Knowledge"). At the 6th Congress of the Company (from 1963. It is called simply - the Society "Knowledge") adopted the Charter, providing for the presence of primary organizations at the heart of its structure. Polytechnic Museum Begins to play the role of the company's shop window. In his halls are exhibitions and meetings dedicated to the achievements of best practices. In the walls of the Museum, the society met and honored the first cosmonauts. Employees - members of the primary organization "Knowledge" of the museum, played lectures and demonstrations popularizing scientific and technical knowledge in recreation places, at enterprises and in the educational institutions of Moscow and abroad. In a large audience of the Polytechnic - the main tribune of society, protruded domestic and foreign scientists were performed, for example, N. Viner in 1960. The term "thaw" in his political and moral context, as it were, spoke from the polytechnic walls, whose large audience has become a "nest" of thawed poets who have found worldwide glory.

It can be assumed that the leading period in the life of the country and society was completed at the very end of the 60s, after the "thaw" showed itself as an audit syndrome of the ideological foundations of the "Camp of Socialism" by events in the Czech Republic in August 1968. The inviolability of these fundamentals of the CPSU strengthened the "screwing of ideological nuts". For this, 100% was used by the extensive company of training and celebration of 100th anniversary V.I. Lenin. The coming period can be rightfully considered "stagnant" with the apogee in 1987, when the Charter of the Company was adopted in the new edition.

Preamble to this document, in particular, says:

The Society "Knowledge" works under the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, promotes the implementation of its program objectives. His activity is aimed at:

- the formation of scientific worldview, high ideological and consciousness of Soviet people, an increase in their political and general culture, deep mastering by Marxist-Leninist teaching, education in the spirit of Soviet patriotism and proletarian internationalism, the ability to evaluate the ideals and spiritual values \u200b\u200bof socialism from clear class positions ;

Next follow another number of source instructions like education of intolerance to any manifestations of alien ideology and morality ..., willingness to actively participate in the implementation of the strategic course of the party to accelerate the socio-economic development of the country ....

During these years, the Company's organization is embedded in the system of propaganda CPSU apparatus at all levels from primary organizations and above. The thematic structure of the Company's activities includes the following areas of propaganda (!): Public and political, scientific and technical and natural scientific. The most important attention is paid to the first of them. It should also be noted that over the past 40 years since the founding of society, the lecture form of its activity as basic starts to lag behind. Increased cultural and educational level of the population, mastering the population of a wide range of funds mass media Required a deep modernization of the entire technology of the Company's activities, which it was not ready. The inertia of the thinking of "curators" of societies from the leadership of the CPSU held it in a running rut.

But the main thing, because of which this period exhibits itself with stagnant lies in the fact that the basic statutory prescription to society (see above) gradually loses its justification. It's more and more becomes obvious, because Installations, these society does not withstand the tests of citizens' vital experience. Under these conditions, the creature of enlightenment begins to be replaced by the cult of rituals of its implementation. It is not by chance that the main provisions of the new charter, adopted by its 10m Extraordinary Congress of the Company and Registered on 25.02.1991, 4 years after the previous one (1987) and less than a year at all before the end of the Company. The main goal, which should be guided by society in its activities is formulated by the last charter as follows:

- to promote the solution of national objectives - the conclusion of the country to the level of advanced states in the economic, scientific and technical, social and humanitarian spheres, the achievement of civil consent, association and consolidation democratic forces, spiritual rehabilitation of the people, the development and strengthening of universal and socialist values, internationalism and friendship of peoples, the approval of the ideals of humane, democratic society, freedom, equality and justice, the formation of the legal state and ensuring human rights.

The fundamental, revolutionary difference of this call from the one that was relevant recently - in 1987, speaks of many ways, in particular, that by 1990. The company has spent the ideological resource of its development following the CPSU.

Nevertheless, in the stagnation period, when the intellectual and spiritual resource of the CPSU gradually faded, the work of the Company in support of continuing education, to promote

professional growth of interested groups of the population, on the development of specialists by their knowledge from related scientific fields. So, for example, society by their publications, lectures helped the masses of specialists to master the "ideology" of computing technology and its applications. Folk universities were playing a decent role in all of this activity, which allowed interested citizens categories to expand their cultural horizon, replenish and update their intellectual and professional baggage.

Nevertheless in this regard, the role of the Academy of Sciences in the life of society. The traditions laid by S.I.Vavilov continued to be maintained until the mercy of the All-Union Society "Knowledge".

During all 44 years of this activity, the Company has always headed the actual member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, as a rule, an outstanding scientist with a world name, often - the deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, a member of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences. The head of the company was two laureate of the Nobel Prize - Academician Semenov N.N. (1960-1963) and academician bass N.G. (1978-1989) Academician Basov N.G. and Artobolevsky I.I. (1966-1977) led by the society of the longest time and significantly influenced the meaning of its activities primarily and mainly in the field of popularizing science, innovative areas of application of its achievements. The name of N.G. Basova came many letters to the Board with a request to evaluate the visible to the addresses all sorts of their ideas of the use of lasers.

Basov was the initiator of the adoption of a joint resolution of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Presidium of the Board of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" "On the further strengthening of the cooperation of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the All-Union Society" Knowledge "(11m 1979 №644 / 6, see also Vestnik Academy of Sciences of the USSR 1987. № 12). In accordance with this decision charger leaders of the following sections of the Presidium of the Academy: Physico and Technological and Mathematical Sciences ( academician Velikhov E.P..), Chemical and Technical and Biological Sciences ( academician Ovchinnikov Yu.A..), Earth sciences ( academician Sidorenko AB.), Public Sciences ( academician Fedoseev P.N..) together with academicians - heads of the relevant structures of the Company's Management Board ( Dollezhal N.A., Sokolov V.E., ChL-Corr. Lisitsin A.P., Konstantinov F.V.)in joint meetings, there are plans for propaganda of actual directions of science as well to facilitate the widespread involvement of researchers to work on promoting scientific knowledge, considering their participation in propaganda as a social debt of the Soviet scientist. For these purposes instruct the heads of all scientific institutions of the USSR Academy of Sciences:

use expeditions, business trip of researchers, including abroad, to perform lectures;

- When summing up the activities of departments, sectors, laboratories and when re-certification of researchers, take into account their participation in the activities of the Society "Knowledge".

In the development of this decision 22.02.1979, a joint decree was adopted "On the list of institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences to work together with the scientific and methodological councils of the All-Union Society" Knowledge "to promote the relevant industries of scientific knowledge." This document

he instructed the leaders of 52x scientific organizations of the USSR Academy of Sciences to ensure the participation of their scientists in collaboration with the scientific and methodological bodies of the Company's Management Board. For this, the directors were offered

allocate this section of the work as an independent and impose responsibility for him on one of his deputies.

It should be borne in mind that society also interacted closely with the Academy of Medical Sciences, conducting promoting medical knowledge and healthy image Life and Academy of Pedagogical Sciences on the issues of raising children and family construction.

Popularization of knowledge is a natural form of activity for a scientist. With ancient times "cell" implementation structure scientific activity It seems in the form of a triad: "Teacher - Pupils - Scientific School." The teacher can win students only by their passion about scientific search and clarity of presenting its being. According to the Testament of S.I.Vavivova, many dozens of scientists acted themselves with lectures, developed their subjects, created programs and benefits for popular universities, prepared scientific and popular brochures and books, involving in this work and their students. Special events had meetings of leading scientists with the general public in a large audience of the Polytechnic Museum in the cycle of the Tribuna of the Academy of Sciences. This communication of "big science" with the people gained another original form in the mid-80s. The Board of the Company has manifested the initiative and organized the speeches of scientists of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Academy of Sciences of the Union republics at enterprises in the places of annual field meetings of the Council to coordinate the scientific activities of the Academies of the Union republics under the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The chairman of the council was then academician A.P. Alksandrov. Such meetings were conducted in Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Turkmenistan. The activities of the Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Presidents of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR, President of the Republican Academies took part in the context of the Council's work program. At the same time, up to 30 outstanding scientists left with speeches to plants, agricultural enterprises, on the fishery ships, etc. The experience of this work showed that the prominent scientists themselves were genuinely interested in the possibility of personally "to make knowledge from the scientific laboratory to the people." Each of these meetings gradually turned from a lecture to an interesting conversation for all its participants.

Outcome

Having looked around the story of the All-Union Society "Knowledge", the story of the USSR inextricably linked with the post-war history of the USSR and the CPSU, it is safe to argue that not without compromises and conformism with the curse of the ideological leadership of the country, society honestly served by Fatherland. It really contributed to both an increase in the overall culture and education of the population and the professional growth of specialists.

Moscow, July - September 2012

* In the second half of 20V, Western psychologists will operate like this approach in the so-called. "Transpersonal psychology".

* Vyshinsky A.Ya.. From September 6, 1940 to 1946 - First Deputy Complex of Foreign Affairs of the USSR.s June 1933, Deputy, and from March 1935 to May 1939 - the Prosecutor of the USSR.

The leadership of the lecture bureau also entered Caftanes with, in, In 1937-1946. - Chairman of the All-Union Committee on Higher School Affairs at the USSR SCC, simultaneously in 1941-1945. - Commissioner of PC in science. In 1946-1951 - Minister of Higher Education of the USSR; Alexandrov G, F * A.A. Voznesensky (1900-1950; a prominent economist, Rector of the University of Leningrad, then - Minister of Education of the RSFSR). It was repressed and posthumously rehabilitated.

* The non-partisan Chairman of the Board was "pressed" as the deputy hardened "fighter of the ideological front", an enemy of the "bourgeois pseudoscience - genetics", philosophos, academician M.B.Mitin.

Congress of the Society "Knowledge" of Russia - to be!

December 17th in Moscow, in the conference hall of the Federation Council of Russia a meeting of the Board of the All-Russian Public Organization - Society "Knowledge" of Russia. More than fifty most authoritative members of the Board, managers of regional organizations and public structures Gathered to discuss the fate of the most famous and influential educational organization of the country.

With a welcoming speech to the participants of the meeting, the President of the Society "Knowledge" was performed, member of the Federation Council Nikolai Bulaev. In his speech, Nikolai Ivanovich noted the high results achieved by the Company "Knowledge" of Russia over the past few years and, in particular, in the current 2015 - this is the growth of fame, the authority of the Society "Knowledge", both among the high federal leaders and among other non-commercial organizations. Emphasized the achievements in the increase and development of the regional network.

With particular interest, the meeting participants accepted explanations on the purposes and objectives determined by the President of Russia V. Putin in the decree on the establishment of the Russian Society "Knowledge".

The position of the state on the same issue was covered in detail by the head of the Department of Public Projects of the Presidential Administration of Russia Pavel Zenkovichwho not only emphasized the role and significance of the Society "Knowledge" of Russia in the issues of educational activities, but also noted the importance of partnerships that have developed between a public organization and state structures in the past few years.
Following the discussion The Board of the Society "Knowledge" of Russia decided to convene an extraordinary XVII Congress of the Company to address the issue of the co-founders created in accordance with the Presidential Decree Russian Federation of December 11, 2015 No. 617 of the Social and State Organization "Russian Society" Knowledge ". The congress is scheduled for March 17, 2016 .

T. also, the Board adopted a number of personnel solutions caused by the changes in the state-scale in the educational sphere. President of the Society "Knowledge" of Russia, member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation was elected for the post of Chairman of the Board Nikolai Ivanovich Bulaev. His deputy chosen Dmitry Vladimirovich Bogdanov. The Deputy Chairman of the Board was also elected Dmitry Vyacheslavovich Krasnov - Head of the Directorate of Grant Programs of the Society "Knowledge" of Russia.

Also at a meeting of the Management Board, issues of priority areas of educational activities were considered, among which participants in the meeting emphasized the need for large-scale explanatory work on theses of the President of the Russian President of Russia to the Federal Assembly, on the fight against terrorism, to combat corruption, strengthen inter-floor relationships, working with young people and with the elder generation Russians, health promotion, improving the quality of life, the development of an additional professional education system.

The Company was divided - his property in Russia passed to the society "Knowledge of Russia". New organization In the 1990s, fell in decline: the number of members decreased, many regional offices disappeared. In June 2016, the Congress of Society "Knowledge of Russia" decided to eliminate this organization.

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Subtitles

Greetings to you dear friend in touch Denis Tetherin In this little video I would like to tell the attitude to the skill and knowledge, we all perfectly understand that training is very important to achieve any results I understand it and fully agree with you myself constantly studying the same thing I call you I teach naturally I have paid courses. I earn money on this. Therefore, everything is normal here I always need to put money and money also take money from people who come to me for training and together changing life for the better. It's all great look that in your opinion is more important than the skill or all the same knowledge here people are different very different some category of people who are deeply convinced that it is still cool and that makes them some super supervises much better than their closest environment who really know how to learn they know how it do they study constantly all great well done I'm ready to shake my hand but at the same time they have no one they have nothing they know how to build a business how to write a business plan they passed the trainings they did their homework they defended some projects in these trainings everything is great cool more business is not this is the same as in the institutes you know we have the economic financial institutions of computing technician Institutes Teachers teach people to make a business building a business at the same time in their lives of our own business was the same thing here's identical when a person is constantly learning business trains takes place but he has no business so I am deeply convinced if you choose from two angry the most important thing in life is the skill not your knowledge namely, after all, you will agree that you will give your knowledge of well, you have been training, but you have knowing what they are like they change your life in general no skill will certainly change certainly you to do a lot of mistakes you do something that could be wrong even most likely wrong but it will give you confidence that I tried it wrong I have the opportunity to try something and can be able to be a little better can be correct and maybe perfectly do not need do a long ideal and good need to do anyhow but fast so the skill most important changes your life not your knowledge not your training courses visiting webinars read books they do not change your life they will not cover the table for you and your family they will not buy you a new car and your skill when you came did something that you had something happened that it did not work out. Customers paid you money. This skill all cool went calls. You start to be an intermediary with a link in which business is building your own business. Open production. This skill through failures And I do not want to build your personal experience you have your way and the skill de your life is like a real exciting so if you choose between without end to learn and stupidly do I choose always to do so be the same who makes you just making figures and not endless students in touch was Denis Detman Wait New Videos Subscribe to YouTube

History

The reasons for the creation of the Company served:

• significant damage caused by the Great Patriotic War of the entire Soviet education system;
• caused by war mass deposfeissionization of the population;
• course for the speedy creation of the Soviet nuclear shield;
• cold War, which spurred the growth of the competitiveness of the Soviet industry high redist.

The objective need for the mass education of an adult population is the "Academy of Millions" - was issued for the initial part of the society, supported by the party and the Government.

Initially, the future structure was called the All-Union society for the dissemination of political and scientific knowledge. On May 1, 1947, the appeal appeared in the Soviet press; On May 12, at its first meeting, the Organizing Committee decided to establish branches of the Company in the Union republics, the largest regional and regional centers of Russia.

Soon, 14 republican societies for the dissemination of political and scientific knowledge arose after the other, and in 1957 and the 15th society - All-Union.

Being an engineer and studying the research work was prestigious, the youth joined technical universities. The film was born the image of a working and intellectual created by the director Joseph Heifitz and Artist Alexei Batalov ("Big Family", 1954).

In 1963, the All-Union Society for the Dissemination of Political and Scientific Knowledge was renamed the All-Union Society "Knowledge". By this time, an adult Soviet man listened annually on average from 4 to 5 lectures.

In 1964, the IV Congress of "Knowledge" decided to create folk universities, thereby paving the main road from the fragmented lectures and brochures to the systematic special education. Enterprises not only increased the qualifications of their personnel in people's universities, but also attracted academic circles to solving applied problems. And the leaders of the Higher School were able to open and debug in these universities the most advanced faculties (for example, cybernetics), which only years later appeared in universities.

By the beginning of 2017 it was planned to form regional offices and update the personnel composition, following this, a set of lecturers was to begin. The budget of the organization for 2017 was 100 million rubles.

The activity of the updated "knowledge", in addition to improving civil self-consciousness, was called spiritual and moral education, popularization and protection of the Russian language, literature, a healthy lifestyle. Participants in the organization, most of the heads of departments in the regions of which were representatives of universities, called the strategic objectives of the Society "Knowledge" "work to turn knowledge into persuasion," the broadcast of the "state ideology" and the formation of the country's image as a modern dynamically developing state in the mass consciousness. "