In many armies of the world, berets indicate that the units using them belong to elite troops... Since they have a special mission, the elite units must have something to set them apart from the rest. For example, the famous "green beret" is "a symbol of excellence, a sign of valor and distinction in the struggle for freedom."
The history of the military beret.Given the practicality of the beret, its informal use by the military in Europe goes back millennia. An example is the blue beret, which became a symbol of the Scottish Armed Forces in the 16th and 17th centuries. As an official military headdress, the beret began to be used during the War of Succession to the Spanish Crown in 1830 by order of General Tomás de Zumalacárregui, who wanted to make headdresses resistant to the vagaries of the weather in the mountains, easy to maintain and use on special occasions in an inexpensive way. ...
1. Other countries followed suit with the creation of the French Alpine Jaegers in the early 1880s. These mountain troops wore clothing that included several features that were innovative for the time. Including large berets that have survived to this day.
2. Berets have features that make them very attractive to the military: they are cheap, they can be made in a wide range of colors, they can be rolled up and tucked into a pocket or under a shoulder strap, they can be worn with headphones (this is one of the reasons why tankers adopted beret).
The beret was found particularly useful for armored vehicle crews, and the British Panzer Corps (later the Royal Armored Corps) adopted this headgear back in 1918.
3. After World War 1, when the issue of official changes in dress was considered at a high level, General Elles, who was a propagandist of the berets, made another argument - during maneuvers, the beret is comfortable to sleep in and can be used as a comforter. After a lengthy debate in the Department of Defense, the black beret was officially approved by decree of His Majesty on March 5, 1924. The black beret remained the exclusive privilege of the Royal Tank corps enough long time... Then the practicality of this headgear was noticed by others and by 1940 all armored units of Great Britain began to wear black berets.
4. German tank crews in the late 1930s, a beret was also adopted with the addition of a padded helmet inside. Black has become popular in tank crew headgear as it does not show oil stains.
5. Second World War gave the berets new popularity. British and American saboteurs, who were thrown into the rear of the Germans, in particular, in France, quickly appreciated the convenience of berets, especially dark colors - it was convenient to hide hair under them, they protected the head from the cold, the beret was used as a comforter, etc. Some British units introduced berets as a headdress for formations and branches of the armed forces. So, for example, it was with SAS - Special Aviation Service, a subdivision special purpose, engaged in sabotage and reconnaissance behind enemy lines - they took a sand-colored beret (it symbolized the desert, where the SAS members had to work a lot against Rommel's army). British paratroopers chose a crimson beret - according to legend, this color was proposed by the writer Daphne Du Maurier, wife of General Frederick Brown, one of the heroes of the Second World War. For the color of the beret, the parachutists immediately received the nickname "cherries". Since then, the crimson beret has become the unofficial symbol of military parachutists around the world.
6. The first use of berets in the US military dates back to 1943. The 509th Airborne Regiment received crimson berets from their British counterparts in recognition and respect. The use of the beret as a headdress for military personnel in the Soviet Union dates back to 1936. According to the order of the NKO of the USSR, women servicemen and students of military academies were supposed to wear dark blue berets as part of summer uniforms.
7. Berets became the default military headgear in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, just like the cocked hat, shako, cap, cap, cap, at one time in the corresponding eras. Berets are now worn by many military personnel in most countries around the world.
8. And now, in fact, about the berets in the elite troops. And we will start, of course, with the Alpine Jaegers - the unit that introduced the fashion for wearing berets in the army. The Alpine Jaegers (Mountain Shooters) are the elite mountain infantry of the French Army. They are trained to fight in highlands and in urban areas. Wear a wide navy beret.
9. The French Foreign Legion wears light green berets.
11. French naval commandos wear a green beret.
12. The French marines wear navy blue berets.
14. French Air Force commandos wear navy blue berets.
15. French paratroopers wear red berets.
17. Airborne troops In Germany, they wear maroon berets (Maroon).
18. German Special Forces (KSK) wear berets of the same color, but with a different emblem.
19. The Vatican Swiss Guards wear a large black beret.
20. The Dutch Royal Marines wear navy blue berets.
21. Airmobile Brigade (11 Luchtmobiele Brigade) The Armed Forces of the Kingdom of the Netherlands wear maroon berets (Maroon).
22. The Finnish Marines wear green berets.
23. Italian paratroopers of the Carabinieri regiment wear red berets.
24. Fighters special unit Green berets are worn by the Italian navy.
25. The Portuguese Marines wear navy blue berets.
26. Soldiers of the British Parachute Regiment wear maroon berets (Maroon).
27. The paratroopers of the 16th Air Assault Brigade of the British Army wear the same beret, but with a different emblem.
28. Special Aviation Service (SAS) commandos have worn beige (tan) berets since World War II.
29. The Royal Marines of Great Britain wear green berets.
30. Arrows from Her Majesty's Gurkha Brigade wear green berets.
31. Canadian paratroopers wear maroon berets (Maroon).
32. Australian Army 2nd Commando Regiment wears green berets.
33. American Rangers wear a beige (tan) beret.
34. American "Green Berets" (United States Army Special Forces) wear, of course, green berets, which were approved for them in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy.
35. The US Army Airborne Troops wear the maroon berets they received in 1943 from their British colleagues and allies.
And in the United States Marine Corps (USMC) berets are not worn. In 1951, the Marine Corps introduced several types of berets, green and blue, but these were rejected by tough fighters because they looked "too feminine."
39. South Korean marines wear green berets.
40. Special forces of the Georgian army wear maroon berets (Maroon).
41. Soldiers of the special forces of Serbia wear black berets.
42. The airborne assault brigade of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan wears blue berets.
43. Hugo Chavez wears the red beret of the Venezuelan Airborne Brigade.
Let's move on to the valiant elite troops of Russia and our Slavic brothers.
44. Our response to the appearance in the armies of the NATO countries of units that wore berets, in particular, the US Special Operations Forces units, whose uniform headdress is green, was the Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR dated November 5, 1963, No. 248. According to the order, a new field uniform is being introduced for special forces marines THE USSR. This uniform relied on a black beret, made of cotton fabric for sailors and sergeants in conscript service, and woolen fabric for officers.
45. The cap badges and stripes on the berets of the Marine Corps changed many times: replacing the red star on the berets of sailors and sergeants with a black oval emblem with a red star and bright yellow edging, and later, in 1988, by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 250 of 4 March, the oval emblem was replaced with an asterisk bordered with a wreath. V Russian army there were a lot of innovations too, and now it looks like this.
After the approval of a new uniform for the marines, berets appeared in the airborne troops. In June 1967, Colonel General V.F.Margelov, then the commander of the Airborne Forces, approved sketches of a new uniform for the airborne troops. The designer of the sketches was the artist A.B. Zhuk, known as the author of many books on small arms and as the author of illustrations for the SVE (Soviet Military Encyclopedia). It was A. B. Zhuk who suggested the crimson color of the beret for the paratroopers. A crimson beret was at that time all over the world an attribute of belonging to the airborne troops and V.F.Margelov approved the wearing of a crimson beret by airborne troops during parades in Moscow. A small blue flag was sewn on the right side of the beret, triangular with the emblem of the airborne troops. On the berets of sergeants and soldiers, there was a star in front, framed by a wreath of ears, on the berets of officers, instead of an asterisk, a cockade was attached.
46. During the November 1967 parade, the paratroopers were already dressed in new uniforms and crimson berets. However, at the very beginning of 1968, instead of crimson berets, the paratroopers began to wear blue berets. According to the military leadership, the color of the blue sky is more suitable for the airborne troops and by order No. 191 of the USSR Minister of Defense of July 26, 1969, the blue beret was approved as a ceremonial headdress for the Airborne Forces. Unlike the crimson beret, on which the flag sewn on the right side was blue, the flag on the blue beret turned red.
47. And a modern, Russian version.
48. Fighters of the GRU special forces wear the uniform of the Airborne Forces and, accordingly, blue berets.
49. Special-purpose units of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia wear a maroon (dark red) beret.
50. But unlike other types of troops, such as marines or paratroopers, for the special forces of the Interior Ministry of Internal Affairs, a maroon beret is a sign of qualification and is awarded to a soldier only after he has undergone special training and has proven his right to wear a maroon beret.
53. Until the moment they receive the maroon beret, special forces soldiers wear a khaki beret
54. Intelligence soldiers of the internal troops wear a green beret. The right to wear this beret must be earned as well as the right to wear a maroon beret.
Our Ukrainian brothers are also the heirs of the USSR, and therefore have retained the colors of the berets used earlier in this country for their elite units.
55. The Ukrainian Marines wear black berets.
56. Airmobile troops of Ukraine wear a blue beret.
57. Brothers-Belarusians also wear a blue beret in the Airborne Forces.
61. And finally, a little exotic. Soldiers of the Zimbabwe Presidential Guard wearing yellow berets.
Next week France will celebrate its national holiday La Fete du 14 juillet on a grand scale, known to Russians as Bastille Day.
The key action of this event will be a military parade on the Champs Elysees, this time red berets, servicemen of the 8th Parachute Regiment of the Marine Corps, will take part in the defile, their representatives were in Russia on a friendly visit in 1997 and 2001 and in competitions with our blue berets invariably lost.
But here's the catch, in the special forces of France there are other "red berets" - the real elite ground forces Fifth Republic.
WHO IS THE BEST
The 1st Parachute Regiment of the Marine Corps (1PMP) of the French Army Special Forces also wears red berets, is part of the Special Forces Brigade of the Ground Forces and is subordinate to the Command of Special Forces (the word "sea" in the name of the regiment is a tribute to tradition).
The motto of this regiment, Qui ose gagne - "Resolute wins" - is borrowed from the British Special Forces Regiment. The original motto is: Who Dares Wins.
The very place of deployment of the regiment is symbolic. It is based in the citadel named after General Georges Berger in Bayonne, in Aquitaine, southwestern France, 35 km from the Spanish border and in close proximity to the beaches of the Atlantic coast. Once these lands belonged to the Duchy of Gascony, so here every inch of land and the air itself is saturated with the warlike, romantic spirit of the Gascons.
The regiment is simultaneously the heir to the history and traditions of various military formations of paratroopers, infantry of the metropolis and marines of the colonial French troops.
The emergence of the 1PMPP is associated with the times when Paris was occupied by the Wehrmacht, on September 15, 1940 in England in a place called Ringway from the French volunteers, the 1st Airmobile Infantry Company (1st AMR) was created, headed by Captain Georges Berger. The first operation, codenamed "Savannah", of the newly created unit was the landing in Brittany in March 1941 of a five-man officer group, led by the company commander, to conduct large-scale reconnaissance activities and establish links with the Resistance. In April 1941, the 1st AMR was reformed into a similar paratrooper unit, but already as part of the ground forces. In May sabotage group this unit successfully carried out an operation to destroy a large transformer station in the city of Pessac. And in September of the same year, the company was included in Air force, as well as the paratrooper, and was transferred to Lebanon, then to Syria. She was stationed first in Beirut, then in Damascus and on October 15 was renamed the 1st Jaeger Parachute Company. In January of the following year, she joined Major Stirling's special forces brigade under the name "French squadron", on the basis of which a battalion was deployed in July 1943 (first under the name of the 1st airmobile, then the 4th), the location of which was Cabrit (Egypt) and Kimberly (England).
In 1942-1943, the unit took part in various operations of the British special forces against the North African group of forces of the Wehrmacht, including in sabotage actions in Crete, Tunisia and Libya. In the summer of 1944, the battalion took part in parachute landings of the Allied special forces in Brittany, Bordeaux and the Pyrenees, participated in the liberation of Paris. In July 1944, he was deployed to a regiment, which became part of the special forces, as the 2nd Jaeger parachute. In the fall of 1944, the soldiers of the regiment fought in Champagne, and in December in the Ardennes. In April 1945, the regiment fighters took part in battles against the Wehrmacht troops in the Netherlands. In August 1945, servicemen from the disbanded 3rd Jaeger Parachute Regiment joined it.
In February 1946, the 1st Strike Battalion of Special Airborne Forces (SAS) was formed from the 1st and 2nd Jaeger Parachute Regiments for military operations in Indochina, later renamed the Parachute Battalion. The second battalion was created in the same way. In June 1947, two battalions were brought together into a semi-brigade, then reorganized into one battalion, which, from January 1, 1948, was named the 1st Colonial Commando Paratroopers Battalion. In July 1948, the battalion was disbanded, and in December 1949, it was created anew. Then it changed its name several times in connection with the change in the tasks assigned to it, until in September 1955 it was disbanded for the second time.
In parallel, during the war in Indochina, special-purpose brigades were formed, which were also the prototype of the 1PMPP. In October 1947, a colonial parachute semi-commando brigade was created in Brittany under the command of the SAS.
By the beginning of 1948, the colonial troops had two commando semi-brigades in Brittany and Indochina, the first and the second, respectively. In 1948 alone, they committed more than 40 military landing operations... In 1950, French Indochina was divided into three states - Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. The main battles took place near the Sino-Vietnamese border, where the French command repeatedly threw paratroopers into fire. In November 1951, about 2,000 paratroopers landed in the Hao Bin area, one of the main supply centers of the Viet Minh army, and captured it, but at the end of January they had to leave their positions. In October, during the evacuation of small garrisons, 574 paratroopers were forced to hold back the attacks of more than 10 thousand Vietnamese soldiers for about two days. In November 1952, paratroopers took part in battles in the Na San Valley, in July 1953 in central Annam, and in November in Dien Bien Phu, in June they covered the evacuation of French troops from Tonkin (North Vietnam). During the Suez Crisis in 1956, French paratroopers, together with the British, successfully landed in Port Said and Port Fouad (Egypt). The paratroopers fought in Algeria (1954-1962). By the beginning of 1955, a full-blooded brigade was formed on the basis of the first semi-brigade. In February 1958, she became a training one. A little later, in December, it was reorganized into a parachute brigade for actions in the interests of protecting French overseas territories, this explains the presence of the phrase "marines" in the name of the regiments of red berets. At the end of 1960, the parachute brigade of the Marine Corps was finally formed, at the end of 1961 it was disbanded. Battle banner this brigade and its traditions later passed into the disposal of the 1PMP.
In November 1960, a special forces training center was established, whose base was located in the citadel of Bayonne. From that moment on, the regiment calculates its history, but formally it took its modern form on January 1, 1973, its structure, subordination and list of tasks were finally determined.
The regiment's battle banner has four honorary inscriptions glorifying the participation of French special forces in operations in Crete and Libya in 1942, in the south of Tunisia in 1943, in the liberation of France in 1944, in the Belgian Ardennes and Holland in 1945 and in Indochina in 1946-1954. The canvas is decorated with numerous awards: Cross of the Legion of Honor, Cross for the Liberation of France, Cross of the 1939-1945 War with six palms, Cross for distinction in foreign operations with three palms, Belgian Military Cross, Bronze Star (USA), Bronze Lion (Netherlands).
STRUCTURE AND TRAINING
The organization of the 1PMPP corresponds to its tasks. According to official data, this is a regiment of company composition. It includes one transport and command company, one training company, three combat special-purpose companies (fr. RAPAS), one communications company, and non-combat support and maintenance units.
In terms of its armament and technical equipment, the regiment belongs to the light infantry, but with reservations. The peculiarity in the training of personnel and in the fact that weapons and equipment are of a special nature and correspond to the specifics of the tasks performed. It is known from open sources that the regiment's arsenal contains semi-automatic 9-mm pistols MAS G1, HK USP, Glock 17; assault 5.56 mm automatic rifles HK 416, COLT M4, M16 723, FAMAS; grenade launchers: underbarrel - M203 and 40-mm manual - HK69; 9mm HK MP5 submachine gun, 5.7mm - FN Herstal P90; Benelli M3T super 90 pump-action shotgun in 12 gauge; 5.56 mm and 7.62 mm Minimi light machine guns; sniper rifles: 7.62 mm - PGM Ultima, HK417 and 12.7 mm - Hecate II of the same company; from heavier weapons - MILAN anti-tank systems, light mortars, 20-mm automatic cannons. From light equipment there are cars such as Buggy and ATVs, as well as light armored personnel carriers armed with a 7.62 mm M134D machine gun, 12.7 mm - M2 or an MK19 automatic grenade launcher.
The tasks that can be assigned to the personnel of the 1PMP cover practically the entire spectrum of what the special forces of the armies of all developed countries are doing. In wartime, these are actions of a different plan - from reconnaissance and sabotage to the organization of partisan formations in the deep rear of the enemy. In peacetime, 1PMP groups can participate in special operations anywhere in the world. For this, the fighters have the skills of air and sea landing, scuba diving, actions in arctic and hot dry climates, in the mountains, in the jungle, in conditions temperate zone and in settlements... One of the challenges of our time is the increased terrorist threat almost everywhere in the world. Fighters of the 1PMPP are involved in the fight against terrorism and the release of hostages, and recently this task has received much attention. Based on the importance of the task, the RAPAS groups can be formed only from officers or include the entire staff of the subdivisions of the regiment of non-commissioned officers and specialists.
The 1PMP is an elite part of the special forces of the ground forces, and the approach to the selection and training of personnel is special here. When appointing officers to this regiment, first of all, their combat experience and personal professional, physical and moral qualities, like all other categories of servicemen, are taken into account, they pass the appropriate tests. Naturally, they are required to be able to plan, organize and direct special operations. Only people for whom subordinates have personal respect can be officers in the 1PMPP.
The approach is also very strict to the selection of non-commissioned officers and volunteers, and the recruitment of the regiment is on a voluntary basis. At the stage of selection, all the juices are squeezed out of the recruit, only the most hardy and motivated get the right to start the first stage of preparation. There is a dropout in the learning process, but not in the form of competition, but solely in terms of personal qualities. After completing training as part of a training company for 10 months, fighters are assigned to combat companies, where they undergo special training. The regiment has at its disposal an excellent training ground and equipped with last word technology training center. Particular attention is paid to team spirit. Coordination in groups is not a simple formality during special operations, there is no place for competition, if someone makes a mistake, everyone is responsible for it (and often at the cost of life). So the dictum Un pour tous et tous pour un ("One for all and all for one") is not easy here beautiful phrase but a way to act, survive and win.
WHERE YOU HAVE NOT BEEN ONLY
The combat path of the PPMP is the history and geography of the actions of special groups formed from its military personnel. One of the first episodes was the military conflict between Tunisia and France in 1961 and in Western Sahara (until 1963). Let us make a reservation right away that it is not possible to list all the operations in which the servicemen of the 1st PPMPP took part, since by no means everything has been made public.
In 1964, there were "business trips" to Senegal, Cameroon and Congo. The following year, actions in the Central African Republic (CAR) were added to the Congolese epic. Until the end of the 60s, the political situation required the constant presence of French military contingents in the countries of the so-called French Africa, the regiment soldiers were in its composition. In 1969-1970, special groups of the 1PMPP again ended up in Senegal and operated there until the end of 1974, while simultaneously participating in hostilities in the Republic of Chad. In 1977, the regiment's fighters operated in Mauritania, Western Sahara and Zaire. And again, in the Republic of Chad in 1978-1987, they carried out combat missions, providing assistance to government forces. In 1979-1981, the regiment's groups operated in the CAR as part of the military operation "Barracuda". In 1986, paratroopers of the 1PMPP landed in Togo. And in 1990, in Gabon, they participated in an operation codenamed Requin (French shark).
In 1990-1993, they acted in Rwanda against Tutsi guerrillas. In 1991, RAPAS special groups operated as part of the coalition forces in Iraq. In the same year, they carried out Operation Verdier in Togo. The following year, 1PMPP teams were sent to Zaire (Operation Bomier), Somalia (Operation Orix) and Comoros (Operation Ozit). In 1995, they took part in Operation Azale on the Comoros. In 1996, the regiment's soldiers participated in Operation Almanden2, then Almanden2 bis in the CAR and the next year in Operation Pelican in Congo.
The geography of further "business trips" is as follows: Gabon (2004), Cote d'Ivoire (2007), Afghanistan (2003-2010), Burkina Faso (2011-2013), Libya (2011). From the beginning of 2013 to the present, 1PPMP fighters are present in Mali and in neighboring Niger. There, France has special interests related to the world's largest uranium deposits. According to the German weekly Der Spiegel, there are uranium mines operated by the French nuclear state corporation Areva, the region has uranium raw materials, the reserves of which, according to the IAEA, are about 4.7 million tons.
The beret is a symbol of courage and courage, its wearing is practiced in almost all armies of the world. As a rule, in any branch of the armed forces of Russia, in addition to everyday uniforms, caps and caps, there are also additional accessories in the form of berets.
In some troops, everyone can receive such a headdress, in other cases it takes it - a special thing, a relic, the right to wear which can be obtained only by passing a difficult exam. Today we will talk about one of these relics. This is the black beret, better known as the Marine Corps beret. We will learn how to get this honorable headdress, in which troops they wear it and how to care for it.
Who is eligible to wear and how is the exam
Marines, as well as soldiers of the special forces of the internal troops of Russia (OMON), can apply for wearing a black beret. There is only one way to get such a right - to pass with honor a difficult test, which takes place at a separate training ground on a specially designated day. Taking a black beret includes an exam that consists of several stages. Only fighters recognized as the best based on the results of the final test of the skills acquired during the training period under the special forces program can be admitted to the passage. The test itself takes place as follows.
At the first stage, the applicants will have a march, which includes such elements as overcoming a water obstacle, orienteering, transferring a friend, and performing various introductions. At the same time, the fighters are wearing a full set of equipment, including body armor, helmet and weapons. The next part of the test is a special obstacle course. The situation here is complicated by the fact that overcoming serious obstacles is carried out in conditions of smoke or gas pollution (accordingly, it is necessary to use a gas mask). Also, the difficult path is accompanied by arbitrary explosions from different directions.
The remaining candidates are then to show their fitness and endurance skills. For this, the implementation of certain sets of exercises is provided. This is followed by the delivery of standards for shooting (here the expectation is that the body is already pretty exhausted, and the fighter will need additional concentration to hit the target). Finally, the final part of the exam is hand-to-hand combat. This test includes 3 sparring sessions (2 minutes each) with a change of opponents.
After successfully passing the exam, the time comes to present the black beret. Thus, those who were not broken by difficult trials, were not let down by weapons and self-control, with all the system, are solemnly awarded the honorary right to wear a beret and are presented directly with the headdress itself. Due to the fact that the event takes place no more than once every six months, and there are usually not so many candidates, an outstanding and honored officer, distinguished by personal heroism and awarded high ranks, can conduct the award.
At first glance, it may seem that the black exam takes a little easier than. But in fact, both checks require remarkable preparation, physical strength and a powerful spirit, and in terms of the amount of energy expended, they are approximately identical. The tests differ mainly in the length of the march, the time of hand-to-hand combat, penalties and the intricacies of building an obstacle course.
How to care
The black beret is a special headdress, so the owner simply does not have the right to neglect him appearance... In order for the beret to sit beautifully and stately, it must be beaten off. There are several ways from the simple "wet, stroke, steam and hammer along the hem" to a real ceremony, after which the honorary headdress will look and fit perfectly on the fighter.
Considering at what price the coveted accessory was received, any soldier treats the beating process responsibly. The approximate order of how to repulse the Marine Corps beret looks like this:
- first, you need to carefully open the lining;
- put takes in hot water, wait 2-3 minutes, then squeeze;
- inserting the cockade, put it on the head;
- in front of the mirror, you need to give the beret the desired shape, pressing hard in the necessary places;
- the fixation process is carried out by applying and firmly rubbing shaving foam into the fabric, this is done right on the head;
- when the beret begins to dry, you can set it aside for final drying - it will not lose its shape;
- to make the beret smooth, you need to "shave" it with a machine, thereby removing the pellets.
At the end of the procedure inner part must be treated with hairspray, preferably in large quantities. Thus, the beret will not be able to lose its shape, and will become a real decoration on the head of a courageous and strong fighter.
Summing up, the following points can be highlighted:
- black berets in the Russian army are assigned to the special forces of the marines and riot police;
- only fighters who have proven their worth by passing a special test have the right to wear a beret;
- There are no age restrictions for passing the test, it all depends on the physical and psychological training of the fighter, you can get a beret even as a forty-year-old veteran, giving a real example of courage to young special forces.
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Over time, multi-colored military berets have become not just a replacement for caps and caps, but also an indicator of a certain elitism of their owners. After all, the naval and air infantry who wore them, as well as various special forces, were considered the elite and even the most revered caste in the army. Until recently, Russia was no different either, where only select and specially trained servicemen had the right to a prestigious beret. Now the situation has changed in many ways. Beret
Currently, the beret is a uniform headdress in most of the armed forces of the world. It represents the pride and courage of a soldier. Young men doing military service in the ranks of the Armed Forces, where the beret was introduced, dream of demobilization and fully prepare for it. The bigger problem for them is getting rid of this wonderful headdress. That is why every soldier should be able to fight him off and help his comrades in this matter in the future. Since there are several types of berets,
Edge take in Russian Federation uniform headdress. The highest form of distinction of servicemen of special purpose units of the Russian National Guard troops earlier than the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and Russia. It is awarded in the order of passing tough qualification tests and is the subject of the exclusive pride of a special forces soldier. Military personnel under contract and military personnel are allowed to qualification tests for the right to wear a maroon beret
The maroon beret is a difficult piece of clothing for a serviceman of a special task force, it is a symbol of valor and honor, the right to wear of which is not awarded to many. There are only two opportunities to receive this cherished insignia. A Special Beret can be earned for participating and displaying courage in hostilities, for showing courage and perseverance. It is possible to pass qualification tests for the right to wear this special headgear. History
It has long been known that the maroon takes on this symbol and a distinctive part of the uniform of Russian special forces units. In addition, the fighter on whom the beret is worn is an example of courage, fortitude, fearlessness, poise and professionalism, it simply cannot be otherwise. Indeed, in order to be awarded the right to wear a maroon beret, it is necessary to pass a special test, the fulfillment of the established standards of which is a very difficult task even for an experienced and trained
The beret is a soft headdress without a visor round shape... It came into fashion during the Middle Ages, but for a long time it was considered an exclusively male headdress, since it was worn mainly by military people. Currently, berets are part of the military uniform of various troops of the Russian Armed Forces, each of which has its own characteristic color of berets, according to which it is possible to determine the belonging of an employee to one or another branch of the Armed Forces.
The beret is a symbol of courage and courage, its wearing is practiced in almost all armies of the world. As a rule, in any branch of the Russian armed forces, in addition to everyday uniforms, caps and caps, there are also additional accessories in the form of berets. In some troops, everyone can receive such a headdress, in other cases, they take a special thing, a relic, the right to wear which can be obtained only by passing a difficult exam. Today the speech will go
The maroon beret is a difficult piece of clothing for a serviceman of a special task force, it is a symbol of valor and honor, the right to wear which, not many are awarded. There are only two options for obtaining this cherished insignia:
- A special beret can be earned for participating and displaying courage in hostilities, for showing courage and perseverance.
- It is possible to pass qualification tests for the right to wear this special headgear.
The history of the headdress
Back in 1936, this piece of clothing was introduced into the female uniform. But in 1963, he was introduced into the uniform of the marines, and in 1967, by the decision of General Margelov, this element of the uniform could be seen in the soldiers of the Airborne Forces. But officially the beret was introduced into the uniform of the Airborne Forces only in 1969. Vasily Filippovich Margelov borrowed it from the marines, since he himself served there during the war. However, it did not immediately become maroon.
In 1980, during the World Olympiad in Moscow, a special forces training company was created, on the basis of which, subsequently, the well-known Vityaz detachment was organized. The fighters of this unit required a special sign that was somehow different from others. A beret, maroon color, was chosen as such an insignia. The maroon takes on color, it has such a reason, the blood shed by the fighters during participation in battles has the same color.
Until 1988, the beret was worn exclusively during parades, and all special forces soldiers had the right to wear it. But later, the brotherhood of maroon berets influenced the chosenness of this special headdress. Thanks to the former commander of the "Vityaz" detachment, Lysyuk Sergey Ivanovich, a special program was developed to obtain this honor through passing certain tests. The Brotherhood of Vityaz maroon berets conducted these tests at first behind the scenes, but in 1993 a regulation on passing qualification tests to obtain the right to wear a maroon beret was adopted at the official level.
How are such tests
The tests have two purposes:
- They are designed to identify specially trained special forces fighters capable of freeing hostages in special conditions and neutralizing dangerous criminals.
- Another goal is motivational, creating an incentive for the entire special forces squad.
Not everyone is allowed to such tests, such a right is for servicemen who came to serve in the troops and served for at least six months under a contract or conscription in the internal troops.
Has 2 stages, over 2 days. On the first day, applicants pass tests in firepower training, tactics, and also those disciplines that were studied during training in special forces training courses. If the applicant passes this stage and receives a mark not less than "good", he is admitted to the second stage. In addition, at the preliminary stage, it is necessary to pass a test for physical fitness.
The tests include a 3 km march, pull-ups and other exercises included in the program. After passing the preliminary exams, those who passed this stage and received a grade of at least "excellent" are allowed to the main stage. In each discipline, for poor passing, they can be removed from the test, therefore, not everyone is allowed to the second stage.
The main stage includes:
- A march on difficult terrain about 10 kilometers long.
- Complicated obstacle course.
- Shooting training.
- Test for the ability to storm multi-storey buildings.
- Checking the presence of acrobatic skills.
- Hand-to-hand combat.
Passing tests, fighters are exposed not only to colossal physical exertion, but also to great psychological pressure. At the stage of the march-throw, the subjects are given additional commands. What are these commands? The commander conducting the test can give a command about a surprise attack by the enemy or create an imitation of the passage of a zone with toxic substances.
In addition, overcoming obstacles with water and mud or evacuating the wounded only adds to the complexity. The time allotted for passing this test is assigned according to weather conditions and terrain features. Fighters who did not meet the allotted time are not allowed to further tests.
An equally difficult stage is the obstacle course. At this stage, a special observation of the subjects is established. For every 5 people, 1 instructor is allocated, since injuries are not uncommon at this stage.
Psychological pressure is exerted by sound effects simulating explosions and gunshots. Part of the strip is filled with smoke, to create special conditions close to real military operations. No wonder the motto of the spetsnaz sounds like "Spetsnaz is like iron, without action it rusts." On trials there are a lot of these actions.
The subsequent stages are just as difficult. The final stage, where hand-to-hand combat skills are tested, is carried out in special equipment. In a protective helmet and boxing gloves, but even despite such protection, there are frequent cases of knocked out teeth and a broken nose in the subjects. However, for those who have passed all the tests with honor, all the difficulties of passing the tests become unimportant when they are awarded the insignia received in such a difficult struggle.
The presentation of the maroon beret takes place in a solemn atmosphere and in front of his colleagues, the fighter receives this award. At such a moment, emotions overwhelm everyone who has so hard won the right to wear this insignia. The soldier is handed a beret and with the words: "I serve the fatherland and special forces!", He becomes one of those who have the privilege of wearing this headdress of a special color.
Deprivation of the insignia
Fighters who, for some reason, could not retain this privilege, are subjected to this measure. They can be deprived of such a right for various reasons. Losing this right is much easier than acquiring it. The maroon beret can be deprived in cases where a fighter shows cowardice during hostilities or his actions led to the death of a comrade through his fault.
Besides bad physical form, negligence, violation of discipline and the use of special training skills for selfish purposes can lead to the loss of this right. Such a decision can only be made in the council of maroon berets, following a complaint from the commander of the unit where the fighter serves.
After the service life has been reduced to one year, only contract servicemen are allowed to such tests. This insignia does not confer any special privileges in relation to other fighters. Does not qualify for increased pay or special treatment for promotion.
But every fighter who has been honored to wear this insignia on his head can tell which great importance this attribute of clothing has for him personally. He may lose color and look different from immediately after delivery, but this is not just an element of the form, this is the reward that every soldier of the special forces unit strives for.
